各國行政改革之比較及其對我國之啟示──面對千禧年政黨輪替後的新思惟

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(10) (12] HT iE1l ~ ~. OOt-t 8 i;it~~l¥JJfrr.itr",'~ , {$Mtl¥Ji&JfJJjJfm'JfB~LE9::h~1;t{J\ , m~ , EE~ ~~.**~l¥J~~·m~oo.~,t-t~~it~~l¥Jm~.$~~~~@.'~ ~,m~W~~~l¥J::h.~fi~¥fi~o~@'~~~.l¥J.¥'~~.**~ ~~fim~~~mtt,ttttmffi~¥'~~~~~i&~m~¥~~~~m.ffift, ~¥~~ttttfu~~@~'*~~~,,~¥ •• ~~.~@~om~'~~i&JfJ. ~m~Mi&·~m~¥Z~~'fu~~~ft~fi~~~NW~~l¥J~¥'~~~. .*l¥J¥~~.m*ttl¥J~.'M~~~fi~.~Ntt~¥o ~~Am~~l¥J~~~¥~.$'~~~i&~fu.~~~~.*l¥J~-~ tt'~~.T~~l¥J~¥fi~o~~'~~l¥J~~.~ffi~~~~l¥J.~~~. I*~. N. 0. ,. ' 13tt[i]c)(~~~l¥J1'Ji&~1tWmH~l~ , ~O.lltm*8'Jc)(¥fu~~~¥U*El~~~*~*l¥JBZjij!~:1J ' ~ . TID .. ~ffij~~{l:1&~)t;~~~~tUN~7J. ~ffij. m·.~~~~~~~~&.m~~l¥J~~~.o. ~~~~l¥J~¥.~'~~i&~~m~fii&~¥Z~,~~~~~~mM§ ~. ,. ~~ §~liJj\JI~·&*ffl~O~. 1.m1R~ti&W*~m~~. :. : 13t~c)(¥&:1JrJj El i&Jffft~mml¥Jm1~)ffi+ ' ~lIt '. .~~~¥l¥J~~.~m~M&ffim'MOO.m~~M~i&m~.~~.. ~'~m~oo~m.~o.~m~~*~~~~~~~Mi&~~ml¥J ••. '. ~ffij'~-§~El~~m~¥l¥J~.m~o 2.mf§Jm~&~ijgWd'b~' 1~JE~JS(w*: i&Jff~$' ~ijg{~~~mAfr~pJTID§W3. '. ~ffij~~A~~i&Jff~:1Jl¥Jfi.W~mao.~,-oo~~~*~i&.~. ¥Ai&l¥JtUN~. , &,~j!-).~O{PJ~If)(~~l¥J3Z~m~~.m*. ,~~¥~. m~&. d'bfil¥Jm~El~~m~~mm~l¥J§~Z-o 3Jg:tl.ijgl¥J~~.*. : .m{ftf§Jd'bfil¥J0~§~& . ~JE~~w*ZM ' ~)t;. ~~~1±~~--eIJi&~~~--m{ft~~l¥J.lIJ' {t~J9Ji~~{J'~:1JtiB~ JJ!.Hl¥J*I~. 0. ~l~t. Z~ (~OTIO~*. ' ~~l¥J{tOU:tIl*TfJi~;fotUN1ttiB~~~~*~1'Jtg:~JlI . *B:1§1Il) , fu13~Uif§J;j;&~~tUN ' !-)'5ij!tl;fD~~l¥J1J:ct~ 106.

(11) ~ ~ ~t lEi ?.t$ ~ ~r.~.&. "" f.t ~ ~ ~tbF -. flfi* A::t. til tt +:fi.1f. lft :t .tSi~ 1t tI-J ~ .~ Mt. 0. 4.m*~*ft~jJ. : rtf~mft~jJ~-tl*,~-a-'I~HIMI ' 1%1&1fr'§:t~~*~~~jJ;fD. ~R~~~~~~. RW~OO~~'. MOO~m.,~~.~~oott~.¥,~~. ~mD~. ~~~*~ • • ®~1JoM~*ft~1J~~~R.~~~. §.'~~~~ • • ~ • • °ft~ff~~OO~~ • • '~.~Z.~~Rff ~®:¥~.m~§.o. ~, ~9:$mmg ff~®:¥~.~~g~W§.·1fr.~~~.I%~_M~~~,::t~~ti~. , )iffij~¥tim~ D. Osborne W P. Plastrik ( 1997) i&ta¥!8ifflt±Llitl1TD_M (~=) flim{:#::~~~m~.m~. 0. .~1T. 0. ~= mf!j!~~. §:fI. _M ~{J'_M. :. 1T~a5(¥1:i:rj_M. ~1~ §~a)Hii. !l;!j!g~~~~. ffj~aJlfii. .. ~~~tilWlf. ~_W¥A1T7t.. 0. ~ [til SJI fii. ~!l9. m*_M. 5€~~ r m~mu~. .ft~~g i. r~zrJ]~ft~. J. &1ffl~1};f.Ldl~. 0. ~~tgg. ~Jf. ·D~_M. .D~~~. ~ ffll~ §. ft~~~~. f!3 rtf :!'-},HB ~ 1} ~. ~~D~3Lt. 0. D~£Jti*~. fl1J. • ~ij5U.M. 5€ ~ r WlI1J '. *,ElJi~~~~ I~~~. Y.:ft. xft.~. )i~~t.. J. .'. M~¥A1T~JfH:. ~J;JOO~:g~1t~~¥U¥A1T. Jfr±l!I~~~. ~Uo. n~~tl. 1JD~*J;J r 1}~mH~ 2000 J ~~t.. fiI&~,~'. ~)cgm~**~JJ!i~. .1~~1~' - - - -... JU4*t!t : Ifg ~ Osborne & Plastrik ( 1997: 39-43 ) 107. 0. '.

(12) f;E~~?JTiimB'92~~m~*:Ti[. , §j)fG. , ~.cJ\m~~mm~WJEWijk:5til&J&B'9. §B'9' ~~~~B'9~~ff.ft~~§'XMiI&J&B'9~~.Mijk:5t.r~ J W r fAn J ' :5tEE/f~if~r~~. ; m~II13F{jj:'l!r~~ , m~JE{llil&J&B'9~f3W ~fIg , ijk:5til&J&I¥J-~~fjJWp;fi~mltJ ' .p;fi~'r1~~?V ~~{t ' .-~'r1~.flIJ 1JD5~XJiJfIg. 0. ,tr~*m~nOO'~~~~iI&J&~~*~~~~A~~B'9 '~ •• ~~0~nfjJ.~~.'~/f~m.o~oo,.~mw~~~ma B'9.11i~~,. •• ~~mB'9.~~*'~m.B'9 ••• ~*mn.iliB. nOOB.~~tiA~~ft*B'9.ff,ft~r.$~. JB'9fi*'. ·~·~~~~~~maB.~-fi*,~mili •• B'9.~~UM. ~'~.~B'9~~OO~I~~B'9~~~M.~f;EUtt~*. •• ~~,~.. ~~~~x~.~,m~~·~·~·.~~~'OO~·~·.·B~tr~n:5t .B'9.~. ·M.~~~~~nil&J&o. •• *~~mm tiB'9~~ , OOJ;Jij~fjJA~ , ±ItJEU~~~fIgil&J&fO~ •• ~B'9~*.f~fiP ffil& ~¥B'9mltJ~~ •• ~ •• *B'9~~~g'~~.S.~~~./f~·~~.tr ,~~m~~tr~.~~iI&J&~~~~B'9gm,u&~. 0. B'9L1m~.~JiJ. 0. ftji- , r t!tw*~mg{'F~!mMI~ J ( OECD) -lli&i'ff*P3X~ ~~triJI1f.?JT~~tn~ ¥B'9m~ , /fji-J;), {:;fI±~~~:~.· *2i*~~ . ,~~fjJ~fi~~ . i~LI'r1*Ji *tiU2iff4 '~!m ~ijgB'9A~j1j1J1HJt25' 1!m~m ' J;)'&1JD5~25AAJiJfIg (OECD, 1997). 0. .~~~m~Gl¥Jm~w¥ma*B'9m~tt,m*~oo~,~~.*~ B'9i1&.~. iJJ¥iI&mB'9fE~. , 3FJ!P/f~iI&.ra~B'9i1&m~,w~.Il)j~ , il&m~. °mtim*'$~·.~·B*·~~~m~~~#~~.*~*, ~~. B'9f3~~m'~ •• ~B'9±25tt~B·~OOil&m~.tt~.'iI&m~. 108.

(13) ~ ~ IT Jlt ~t ~:t.. ~c ~&. Jt.1t ~ ~ :t..~ iF -. dQ 1t. + tt 1f- Jlt :t -it f' 4t ffJ M .~ Ml. _'~lffntet1fiz._~ •• ~,~*~~~gmft-oo~.~ •• ~~,ft-m~~~aW~~~¥$tt_~'~M •• ~Rn~aWmm~0~ ~&Em~ff~ffa~¥~~w. H~~' ~~7t~~~FaWtmr~mf~' ZJFEWm~ r~ra~ftJ ~.t1t. 0. ffiJm~ r~FaW. J '&f'&1:Y.Ei7 r ififflj*fi~ J Wr ~F~fll*Jl. J ' WJ1tfJJ-~FfTmZ r ~~ft J ' .~~~~aWft.~~.zoo,~ft.mmm~M= •• mo. tmr~. .~'~A~M&~~.~aw~~w~n~m~,~.~-m7tfim~(~. , fr;'fq!ffi~jf\ r ~ra~ftJ ~f~El ' ~n~ •• ~ r ~~~/G'ffiIi J' ~aJff1:Y.mf-i;7]~0~H~~JjJfI~ , E~-=fm~±.~filEl~{.§ij : ~n~iJ~ r ffd:.~ {,'fllifj J ' 0~H~~_~~rJjifi±.*t:fH~ , ~~-=fm~±.~f~El~f~ flq!ffi~IJ~f~~ -). 0. ~ftm~~. 0. a.m~.~a.m7t~z~'~~.~.~~m~r$.~J'~~.*mmm ~0~.~,~~.7t~~~~m~rftD~J'~~~ififfim~W0~ft.*m m~*~aWmm~0~.R~no~ft'WJ1tfm~.~aw~ ~~i&W. J ' 1&1tfMrj~ rftDtt:i&W J. 0. 109. •• mm~r~.

(14) IV. I. ill. n. (m~ft). w±Wi:±.il w±ltf~~. lii±:1f t:p {.'. (~* Tffiffrr.1H~J.lfl£) ~ jn-4*~. : f'F~§~. :~~fi~~¥m~~~m.~. M~~~fi~~¥~~~.m,~~~mlli~*~OOtiB~ •• ®M*~. m~g~~m~~'~mB.$%~.~&~~.*WM~'~~~~M~* ~J&~JJJf~0~H~fflifi'EE&rE~fN:fft M~Jj~ EE{11Hft~~*~{.\~ftIi, ~.~~~~.Mttwm. •••. 0. EliW ' ~7~~ZYi-. '~~fJ~~¥~~roJ. [6]ID±*~{.\~ftIi °fffift.~~a5t¥~PJt; J:. '. ~U~. '~~ffl.~~~~~MD~~~~o. ~~~-OOM*~.~%.S~~~'ffi~ft.~.W •• ~~~~M'W ~.m~~~~~m~~~,~m~~~~¥~PJt;*.*~~~Uffi.*~~~. m. ~fffi. 0. ' §. .I.:ffl~.§f§J:.Z f&. ' r ~_ f~lm J. (The Third Way) ~1J§'ftM. ~M~~~~.~tt~OO§~~~[6](~~~~'&88;.~~~.~.~'&. 88). 0. ~~'~~EliW®~¥m~'M~~M.~~~~n~mm[6]~ill~m,~ .~fjlliMD~.®[!P!J*o. ~~* o. -m.~~.*~.[!P!J. fOJif*iii• • J:IH& '. ,.m•• ~M~~~~~.~.~. !iI~fJi~rJ;t.~~-fl!ID r IJ\fffi~. l10. J. ~ r 1£~~~m J. '. ~. ..

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(16) lIJ~tpJL'. IVa. (IIJ~-=fMift1tmlfjtlj). I. III. ifd:1ttpJL' (IJ~=fMiftl1~J3{{l&). 111--- : ,~~fril&a~~~7G. Jifl*i1J : f'F~!3 ~. [I]. B~~~ffi~~~~~~~'ffl~fi~a~~~fu~ffl~~,m~£*~,. ffiAO~~~ftO~~*m~~&fiil&a~a.'m~~~a~.i1Jw~g,~ ~~~~~m~~~±~ ~J!:I!±~. o~~~*'~&fiil&a~a.~. J (neo-managerialism). ~.ff.fflm.·~. ~. ~£~n~r~. r ~0~~J!:I! J ' ~ffi~~~f§~~m~. ~~·mffi~·M~·W.*~~~um.'~. [email protected]~~.m.~~.wm.,~.~~~. 1979. ,~~. • • ~&~@E. ~~*o D~~. 'ffl.~r~. !l'.&ElPA~?'!H:&~j£*~J!:I!f~ @mA-fi~~~g. ''8. ~~ 0. Jni1J!3r~J!:I!. c. Pollitt. ~J~.. (1990: 2-3) :t~ili ,~:rJ.~. ffi-*!if§~' flfrnrW@~pfTmJ~'. 112. ,~. ~li. ~M ~'~][f~. flMft{,dJ..

(17) -i- ~ fT it ~t if.::t. J;l:. ~a Jt:t:J- ~ ~ ::t.M. ~ 2.1:.~:t.Jt8t~1JD±~* t3 J!~fl~t8~fijtjJi!m. iii :tt -t ~ ~ jEt :t ~ of {l aI] HJT .~ 1.ft. 0. 3 ~~.t8Ji!m~n~~~~m1:.~:t.Jm~~t8~~:t.J ~o 4.ff ~ ;!jHW~ t8 *£l.~JjJ ~g · ;f£ f'@Ji1:.~:t.J t8 mIU ' t4 ff;fD 1ti iI: cp tfHjii 1m iltt ~ §. t8~JjJ~~~ff~~t8~~W~~o 5.1ft Imil~ §t8ff~~ , &\~J[fJJt~T-g-~t8 r ~~ fk~ J (room to manoeuver) ( HPff~f.1 ) Pollitt (1990; 7) ~:e~ , ff~±~~~:gmff~~ r m~t8 J W r tI~t8 J ' ~ 0. ~t8ff~~@~~Nt8~~,.~~¥~t8lmil'~@~W~wm~ • • ·~~, ;f£ff~±. t8~m~wcp,§~.m~t8'A~.~N~.t8,~&m~~~~. *;fO~3t~frrjt8m~. ,. fffi~fI~mt8.fJHtrJ&,3J[~~51~;f.l.$r~CPt8~~iE:~.. JJ*~~o. • • ~*W~~t8ff~±~;f£AO~R~~t8ffa~¥~ficp'J!M-g-T0 ~;j~U~~~iffl (public choice theory) , ~~~**~~~ (transaction-cost economics). ;fOf-tJJ!A~~iffl (agency theory). (f&~~x.mm*JHfjU~~~)' fffi~~fJ!~FJTmHJ. t8r~ffg. J~r~0~ff~Jo~~~~fI~.t8~*fi&fffi§'W.±m. A.~.~tt. ~t8~tt.~ff~~'.§~'~ff~±~~~0~ff~t8~*. ffmffii!&~ -. : (1)~'t1ff~~.~ t3 ;fIjFJT~. ; (2)~'t1ff~~.;fI*±~t8 ' jtx m:t8 ' t3:ftH~JJt8 ' ~1Wt8;fO~~;fljmftgAt8 : (3)EE~~flfi& ' FJTPJ~ttffm ~~nfJJt~ff·;f£mflffmfi~~~·.~t80~ff~~ • •mJi!• • ~*±~t8~~~;fO. ~t8;fO. .~,ftg.M~m.~WMM*~~~~t8~¥o.§~,. ~ff~±~mffi&t80~ff~~. , Ji!• • JtiE:~MJilt1l (entrepreneurialism) t8~~ ~§ (Terry, 1998: 196-197) ttfffi.~ · ~ff~±~~~mCPt8ali"fHpm • • rn ~~fQ}&flffi$;iE:~t8 r iE:~~aJ& J 0. 0. *~~. , ~ffffg±~t8J!1!~W1H! ' ¥-¥.51~0~f':ra Jm~lfIiW JJ ~ffijt8~~a~~lfIi ' f-f:;!'t~~t8WHIfu. (KettI, 1994; DiIulio, Jr., et aI., 1993; Goodsell, 1993; Moe, 1993; Rosenbloom, 1994; Carroll, 1995; Nathan,. t8a~¥JIU~. 1995) ?Afffi ' 0. ~~±~~~am~Ji~~t8J!~. H~.~'f-f~~ffJ!l! .~.,. , PJ&ti!:*,B~~f-f~ali"fJfl. ~W~0~ff~~ffa~¥~ffJ!A~NW.Nt8~~. 0~ffa~~W~~Ji&±~~ali"f~. 113. ,~~*~*~.

(18) fr:!i'ti:W& ~iti~1'FI¥Jl±rj;j,HP~BJ3~. (Olsen and Peters, eds., 1996; Lane ed, 1997;. Hood, 1998; KettI, 1998; Minogue, et aI., eds., 1998; Peters and Savoie, eds., 1998; PAR, May/June 1998). 0. ~~0~WgI¥JE.~~,~·~·~·m·.'~~$·.~~'~~. m~~m~I¥J~~*~~ft~~~I¥J~~,®~®~~~~~~~~m*~~. b~~*I¥J~*~'~.~0~Wg~A~~ •• ~'~~mR~g~OOA~ ~UJd.~I¥J:1J$. , rt9lft0~1fg~~ffTJ!~I¥J~IlAI '. t)j~5E0$F~tlOfUJ~. ~~.~§.'®#~W5E~~~0.1¥J.~'~~.M~~'0~1fg~~ m~~~~.~~~'~.~.T~~.ff:W0~ jfr$:W11if[fllJijg~~fl!~. Kelly, 1998). ••. ,~q~&~~~I¥J.. (Caiden, 1994 ; Nathan, 1995; Cope, 1997; Terry, 1998;. 0. Frederickson (1996) Jlljtt'SrT~~~0~1=r~:W~Jf.fR~ (HP~.~~Jf.f) I¥J~~. 0. Frederickson r~lli. ' ~0~ft~~5.1H!tI-000 &~:WI¥JHMiti~Jf.f ' :W. m~~~M~~~~~~I¥J~.~~Jf.f'~~=~l¥Jg~~~·M~ml¥Jm.§ .~M~.'ffi~,=~~. •• g.m~I¥J~~~~~~-.l¥Jo.~~lft'm. ~w\ff~;6~I¥J~. (~Ji~-=.). 0. 114.

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(22) M~~~.mw • • z~~u'~m~~*~fi~*~~~Rm~fi~~*Wfi~. txfilLil¥J r ~~Jif~ J ' tt J. *'If. @~#~%~~~fi~*l¥JfM*~'L\1)J~~~~m~:-&:1¥J. r 0#. 0. , ~~!f-Wl~*~.:E~1i. (~. 44: 18) f£:t~tfj : r 0#;fItJl¥J. ~§. I¥J. I. • • ~r~~0~JoJ~.*~~~.~~(~53)!f-B.m'~.~~~~~ M*~~*(fi~m)W~~~Att(0#m)1¥J0~fia,~.~~~~rn.,. tt~~~0#fi~~~~~m~~r0#mJfia~~~·wrfiamJfi~~. *1t ' ffij ~ ~~Z {J{~ ( ) M1i&!1&~ (~*) ~~.~~~p~mwp W. F. Willoughby fD L. D. White ~!f-M1T~*~~7~*::f'm.tt~~I¥J~$ · ~?J~Jit fi~~~WJfj~J§~~~*I¥J~~~HiZt1t~ , IZ9Jit ' ~*~~FfiaZrpJL\ , ~~ ::t~1Tal¥Jm{J\' lfij~~::tJ±.rp ,r ~±*~gt~~*1¥J1W.BJUM~~ J (~~., ~ 53: 490) Jitfi~r:! ' 4'BfiZ · .~~JMtB Jitfi~~ , Waldo (1986)~~fill& fi~B~~NW~±amOOI¥J.~.~M~'&~Mfi~ • • ~Wa~~±~1¥J ~~W.~I¥J~~tt • • rp'[email protected] $ffiji§ Z ' {PJm0~frJ~? 0~flj~~~ff~? Theodore J. Lowi ( 1969) ~ 0. 0. 0. ~'.~~±~HiI¥J.~~.,±~.~.~~r~~~ftJ*~.0~~~~ ~mfg*. 0. Lowi :t~t.?l. r flJiatlllft J. ~m1'{EI..$.fJt. r ~fO~ J (republic). Z~. E~.'fu~ffij • • 7~Hi.m~~.tt&.~fttJoJitfi.~.m~m~fi~. &¥l¥Jmfi, • • tir0~~iatJZ.~~.~~H.,ttti~.~ft0~~~ I¥J r 0;ttfg* J ¥}.:y~~, ~ji. , ~9I'1¥J~~*~ , ~D John Dewey , ~P5!i~frJiatlllftR~g1-t.fLfU ' ~ 0. ti~ft.~r0~JlIlft'fu.$W~0~~~·0~~.W0;tt.~olZ9~' ~ 1'3t1lEfU~. , ji!;liHLfU ' tt1'* r ~tt:f;(:g J Iii.~ r 0~ fU~J; R~0~*~l-J~~Z!t7t ' ~0~j{{f~:t~ij[1' ' ~WH~fillpJT1~3§!JZ# ~ , 1Jmm~ r 0;ttfU~ J (.i:X~~' 83: 200-203) ffi]0#fUiatl¥J.~ , jlU § 1t1¥J0 ~f1l~:f;(:g1TiJJ r fLfU J. miJJZ~~. 0. 0. Jitfir0~Jl¥Jfi~~~-1Jm~@.~±~.I¥J.*'&~~Hi~*W~. il.tJ · J!.f1l~j;t!!f~~a~, *~~Wffd:*fflt51trml¥J.~· "~!HA!.~ (Siedentopt,. 1990; Chapman, 1990) ffij ~ · m7~J.!:~~nIH~1¥J r 1T~~ J (administrative state) 0. 118.

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(31) ~ IfJ 4t it tt:¥-.:t.. ~ ~a Jt. f.t. a 1I.:t..,gt iF - i i i f.t +lllf- it :t ~* it tI-J RJT .~ jft. , ~w • •• ~'~~~.A~.~~~*M~~M'U&m~.w~w~ •• ~~@, W#R~ 7@~lliW.~o~q'~.~.~~~~IA' •• ~.~m~ ~*~~~~~ ,w;tFR~~~IA~i3f ,1§JWft~~~ r fiI~¥l1.?HRJ ~- •••. W~~J~~rm=.MJ'.R~ff~~.~~~. 1¥J1'f[~. 0. •• ~w.~~.~,~~ ti~~I¥J*MM.'.Rilia.~l¥Jff~~ •• Mowm~ •• ~~,~~~ti Uttl¥Jff~~ •• M~ffE~~~~~~.w,~q~~~~ti~~fi~~.~ §OO.~~**.RWU •• 'U .~1§.~.~fi~·1§~'~.ff~~. i&m~I¥J~W:liliiJj~:~W¥A1=r~.fmjJl¥J~ki@ , ~~PJT~ r ~~w J (hollow states) I¥JEIj~ , ~Ij~~.~:f:~ (Milward and Provan, 1993)· ~~D Frederickson (1996: 269) : r lliWi/itrOJZq, ~~fiB~~0~ff~ .~~W~~' •• ~~~fi~1¥J5~·~OO,~£tt,i/itrOJZ.M~-.~1¥J lli~'~~M •• ~B~~mgaI¥J0~fi~&~'E~~H~~~0~ff~' ~~~~W~~·~W' •• ~~'~l¥Jlli~M.~~-.~mm.~~ft.1¥J 0~ff~&"ti . J ~~'§M0~ff~~w~.mWI¥J.mz~,. ~~:f13 : cp$3Z1tiliJt&irt. ~ 44. JJHf;0m~~, .~t. ~ 86. 0~f:f~~: ~~6Ii~jji± • • ~. 0. ¥IflJl~~. , .~t. : Em. 0. r fi~1=r~.~Z~mirt.7ttJT : ~~I¥J~~J[I, J' 0~ff~~¥& ' m2W:l,55-91· ¥IflJl1~ , ~~* Wr'§J3Z 87 r ~~0~'[g:~W J' .~~~lli*G~W~~~f;1Ljiiff~-;J. ' ~~CPQ *~0~ff~~*:±JfJ¥(5.22) , .~t ~ 87. '. 0. ¥IBJl~:=tiil. 127.

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