車輛行駛狀態下坐姿人體之動態反應分析 阮長江、梁卓中
E-mail: [email protected]
摘 要
ABSTRACT Automobile researchers become more concerned about vehicle vibration recent years and they are seeking more comfortable environments for occupants. Therein, seeking comfortably riding environments play a significant role in automobile manufacture. Practically, improving and equipping new devices entail high cost and large amounts of time. Therefore, it is necessary to save the cost and time of product development by using numerical simulation. In addition, studies of effects of vibration on seated human subjects have become commodious and popular. Most of seated human subjects are complex dynamic systems whose properties vary from moment to moment and from one individual to another. In this study, the main purpose is to concentrate on analyzing thoroughly the biodynamic response of the seated human body in driving conditions, including five primary objectives.
The first is to provide an analytical study on two kinds of biomechanical human model: lumped-parameter and multi-body model.
Analyzed results show that the multi-body model has good performances for purpose of this study. The second is to introduce and to analyze systematically two kinds of vehicle suspension systems: full-car and half-car models on two different road surfaces. For reality, full-car model is recommended for analyzing the generated dynamic responses due to road unevenness. The third objective focuses on the integrated human-vehicle model and riding evaluation of seated human in driving conditions. The ride quality level for integrated human-vehicle model over different road classes was evaluated by guiding of ISO 2631 (1979) ride quality standard for vertical vibration. The last one is to analyze the deep effects of contributing factors on biodynamics of seated human subjects such as location of driver/passengers, velocity and acceleration of vehicle, mechanical properties of seat (hip cushion, backrest support, and seat structure), sitting postures, and headrest support. The study presented in this study would provide a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated human subject and it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in designing vehicle suspension systems.
關鍵詞 : 生物力學,全車模型,半車模型,人體座姿,
目錄
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VI TABLE OF CONTENTS VII TABLE OF FIGURES X LIST OF TABLES XIII Chapter I : INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Literature survey on seated human models 3 1.2.1 Seated human models 3 1.2.1.1 Lumped-parameter model 3 1.2.1.2 Finite element model 4 1.2.1.3 Experimental
measurements 5 1.2.1.4 Multi-body models 6 1.2.2 Vehicle models 7 1.3 Purpose 8 Chapter II : ANALYTICAL STUDY ON SEATED HUMAN MODELS 14 2.1 Biodynamic models of seated human 14 2.1.1 Lumped-parameter model 14 2.1.1.1 Description of four degree-of-freedom model 14 2.1.2.2 Derivation of system equations of motion 15 2.1.2 Multi-body model 17 2.1.2.1 Description of nine degree-of-freedom model 18 2.1.2.2 Derivation of system equations of motion 19 2.1.3 Measurement of joint and contact positions 27 2.2 Solution techniques 27 2.2.1 Frequency-domain method 27 2.2.2 Time-domain method 29 2.3 Experimental measurements 30 2.2.1 Experimental data 30 2.2.2 Matching error value (?? 31 2.4 Simulation results and model evaluations 31 2.5 Summary and discussion 32 Chapter III : VEHICLE MODELS 41 3.1 Construction of vehicle models 41 3.1.1 Full-car model 41 3.1.2 Half-car model 43 3.2 Simulation of evaluation models 44 3.3 Summary and discussion 45 Chapter IV : RIDING EVALUATION OF SEATED HUMAN IN DRIVING CONDITIONS 51 4.1 Integration of the integrated
human-vehicle model 51 4.2 Road-roughness excitation 53 4.3 Sensitivity weighting for riding evaluation 54 4.4 Riding evaluation over different random road profiles 55 Chapter V : PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION EXPOSURE OF SEATED HUMAN 61 5.1 Location of driver/passengers 61 5.2 Velocity and acceleration of vehicle 62 5.3 Seat mechanical properties 63 5.3.1 Mechanical properties of hip cushion 63 5.3.2 Mechanical properties of backrest support 64 5.3.3 Mechanical properties of seat structure 65 5.4 Seat backrest angle 66 5.5 Headrest support and influence of its mechanical properties 67 5.5.1 Modification of seated human model 67 5.5.2 Effects of headrest support 70 5.5.3 Influence of mechanical properties of headrest support 70 5.6 Summary 71 Chapter VI : CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH DIRECTIONS 85 6.1 Conclusions 85 6.2 Further research directions 87 REFERENCES 88
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