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新竹縣終身學習發展趨勢分析

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明新科技大學 97 學年校內專題研究計畫成果報告

新竹縣終身學習發展趨勢分析

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An Analysis of Developmental Trends in Lifelong

Study in Hsinchu County

Yuan-Hung Lo

Department of Leisure management Ming-Hsin University of Science and Technology

Abstract

The Study of life-long education started in the early 20th century. By the end of the 20th century it has become a world trend. It has become an over-riding consideration in all educational planning. In the past our educational system over-emphasized formal school education, but recently we are beginning to promote life-long education. Hsinchu county is traditionally an agricultural society, but due to prosperity brought on by trade and industry, the county government is actively promoting the establishment of a university town. Life-long education should be an important part of this new project. The aim of this research is to survey people’s educational needs, distribution of educational institutions, degree of people’s satisfaction with education, and the developmental trend of life-long education in Hsinchu county.

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消費者導向的教育型態(何青蓉,民84)。 3. 需求就是不足(deficit)此種概念是指個體會因所感興趣的是項 有所缺少或不足而受到傷害。 Schein 則延伸其義為:需求是個體未能達到或保持最低的滿足水準 之狀態。由於個體所存在的不足或最小的滿足水準難以界定,因此, 即使此定義較具說服力,卻較少被需求評估工作者所使用。 (二)Monette 的看法而Monette 曾蒐集三百三十篇的相關文獻,將 需求一詞的使用歸為四個範疇(Monettle,1984),略述如下: 1.人性的基本需求(basic humam needs)是指人與生俱來的「驅力」 (drive),係內在的,是自然的而非學習而來的狀態,例:飢餓、 口渴、傷害、性等方面的需求,均源自個體生物上的驅力,這類需求 通常與教育無關,是屬於人性的本能。

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目的之教育(education for action and/or development);第二類是社區 內的教育(education in the community);第三類是機構外的教育 (extra-mural forms of education)。

第一類:社區行動或發展為目的學習也有著不同的方式,以拉丁 美 洲 為 社 群 的 社 區 學 習 主 要 是 關 懷 文 盲 及 貧 窮 大 眾 的 社 區 學 習 (Paulo Freire,1973,引自許雅惠 2004)。然而,許多學者不贊同Paulo Freire,認為教育應常保持中立,不應該完全反對菁英的培育。

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家庭和社區扮演著重要的角色,並且對學習能有所貢獻(引自許雅 惠,2004)。

社區大學的學習具有多元化的功能,它不但提供了學習機會讓年 輕及年長者都有機會共同學習,另外由於硬體教室,也可降低教育的 成本。更使得成人教育跨入了社區(引自許雅惠2004)。

第三類是超越邊牆的成人教育(extra-mural adult education)是指 大學的推廣教育中心進入社區中實施教學,不過許多學者並不認為推 廣教育是社區教育的一種,他們認為因為學習成就是學習者個人的需 求,只能當作基本教育(許雅惠2004)。

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黃馨慧1987。台北市婦女家庭生活教育學習需求之研究。社教雙月 黃富順,1992:成人心理。台北:台北空大。 曾國鴻,1995:高雄市市民學苑班成人參與職業進修教育之影響因素研究。 楊國樞編,1971:頁 85-126,台灣:中央研究院民族學研究所。 楊國賜,1987:社會教育的理念。台北市,師大書苑,p23、p181、p182、p229-232。 鄒靜宜,1993:高雄市特殊境遇婦女生活適應教育需求及其相關因素之研究。 國 立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所未出版碩士論文 蔡培村,1996:學校經營與管理。高雄:麗文文化。 劉玉珍,2000:護理人員專業繼續教育需求、參與現況與專業成長之相關研究。 國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所。 蕭佳純,2000:台南市社區大學需求評估之研究。國立成功大學教育研究所碩士 。 論文 高雄 韓乃鎮 ,1999:台灣地區監獄管教人員學習需求與進修情形之調查研究。國立 師範大學成人教育研究所。 魏惠娟,1997:成人教育方案發展的系統分析與應用。台北:師大書苑。 魏惠娟,1997: 成人教育方案規劃評析我國成人教育識字方案。 成人教育雙月 刊, 36,17-24。 魏惠娟,1998:成人教育方案規劃人員培訓涵析論。成人教育雙月刊,第三期, 頁145-176 蘇秀玉,1988:台北市成年婦女學習需求及其相關因素之研究。國立台灣師範大 學社會教育研究所碩士論文。 英文部份:

Houle, C. O. (1972). Design of Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Hull, C.O.(1964). Primary motivation. In R.C.Teevan and R.C. Birney(Eds.) Theories of motivation in learning. New York:D. Van Nostrand.

Husen, T. & Postlethwaite, T.N. ( 1994 ) .The International Encyclopedia of Education, Pergmon Press Ltd.Vol.7,4057-4060

Knowles, M. S.(1980). The modern practices of adult education: Andragogy versus Pedagogy. New York: Association Press.

Merrian & Caffarella(2004)Merriam, S.& Caffarella, R.(2004). Learning in adulthood: a comprehensive guide, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row.

Monette,M.L.(1977).The concept of educational need : An analysis of selected literature. Adult Education,17(2).Reprinted in S.B. Merriam,(ed.),Selected writings on philosophy and education. Malabar, Flordia:Robert E. Krirger. p.155-169

Monettle,M.L.(1984).The concept of educational needs:An analysis of selected literature.In Merriam,S.B.(ed.),Selected writings on philosophy and adult education, Malabar, Fla.:R.E. Krieger. p.155-169.

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Robbins,C.S.(1981).Effect of time of day on bird activity. Estimating numbers of terrestrial birds Studies in Avian Biology.(6),p275-286.

Scissons, E. H. (1982), A Typology of Needs Assessment Definitions in Adult Education. 33 (1), 20-28.

Schein,E.H.(1978).Career dynamics:Matching individual and organizational needs. Reading MA:Addison-Wesley.

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