πඒߛ۩ਙፖေᦸᖂעρ 2010 ڣ 7 ִΔรཚΔ 59-80
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ఀىޟՌݽȃϷ᠌ᇄᏰਮငᕊ८˕ġ
РҏਰٽຟݙЅᄇרϞంҰġ
ࣥሸཕʳᄢġġौġ
ġ
ඒߛऱ۞एፖ։ᦞሎ೯ז।ऱਢڇऄ৳ऱঅᎽ֗ᦞՀิ៣ࢨᖲᣂհၴઌյᣂএऱ ᓳᖞࢨᖲ౨ऱ᠏ངΔՈਢएᑓڤऱޏ᧢Ζء֮ڱڇտฯࠀေֲ࣫ءඒߛ۞एፖ։ ᦞऱዌΕ२ཚऱ࿇୶ፖᖂீઌᣂᆖᛜޏऱֱூΖᆖطᎅࣔ ˄Εፖ۞ए։ᦞઌᣂհ ऄΙ˅Εխ؇֗چֱΔچֱ֗ᖂீհၴႚอᣂএΙˆΕඒߛ۞एࡉ։ᦞऱ࿇୶ΙˇΕ ᖂீ۞ए։ᦞޏऱ೯ٻႈؾΔտฯֲءऱඒߛ۞एፖ։ᦞ࿇୶ऱᄗउΔ່৵ ࠀאֲءூࠏΔ༼נڇ࿇୶ၸΕऄᒤΕඒߛएΕᖂீᦞԺዌ֗᧭ᢞඒߛ ய࣠ՂױࠎݺഏەհඔقΖʳ ᣂဲΚඒߛ։ᦞΔඒߛएΔᖂீᆖᛜ ____________________ ࣥሸཕΚֲءࣟࠇᖂᢌՕᖂՕᖂೃඒߛᖂઔߒઝඒߛֱऄᓵᝑஆ໑Փೃس ሽၡٙΚsatoru_lin.tw@yahoo.com.tw گֲٙཚΚ2010.01.18ΙଥޏֲཚΚ2010.03.01Ι൷࠹ֲཚΚ2010.06.30ʳ
Journal of Educational Administration and Evaluation July, 2010, Vol. 9 pp. 59-80
Autonomy, decentralization, and school
management reform in education: An analysis
of Japan case
Yung-Chih Lin
Abstract
Movements of autonomy and decentralization in education represented not only interrelationship adjustments and function changes of organizations, but also on changes of governance models. The main purpose of this article aims to introduce and analyze the structure of autonomy and decentralization in education, recent developments and related school management reform programs in Japan. Four projects were described: 1. related laws about education autonomy and decentralization; 2. traditional relationship between central - local government and local government-school; 3. developments on autonomy and decentralization; 4. trends of school autonomy and decentralization reforms, conditions of education autonomy and decentralization in Japan could be introduced in this article. Finally, based on Japan’s case, some aspects, like development stages, law stipulation, education governance, power structures in school and outcome checking would be issued as references for our country.
Keywords: decentralization, education governance, school management ____________________
Ching-Shan Wu: Graduated student of doctoral course/Division of study on educational methods, Tokyo Gakugei University, JAPAN
E-mail: satoru_lin.tw@yahoo.com.tw
൦ȃᆱ፣ġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ඒߛऱ᧯ԳΔڕ۶ᆖطඒߛऱኔਜඒᖄԳհԳΔאીࠡ౨ᔞᚨषᄎسΔ ګ༉ؑاऱԫٝΔޓृ౨ಥഏ୮ԯਢٺഏං۩ඒߛऱؾऱΖݺഏ۞ԶϤ ڣזאࠐΔᙟထਙएዌऱ᠏᧢ፖا֏ऱၞ୶Δڇඒߛֱ૿խ؇ႃᦞ֏ွດޡ ཛٻᠾᆙΔٍܛچֱא֗ᖂீᐋ్ᓿאࠃ೭ऱެࡳᦞૻΔڇᦞऱᒤփױא۞ ၞ۩ެࡳΖ˄ˌˌˉ ڣط۩ਙೃඒߛޏᐉᤜࡡᄎ༼נऱඒߛޏ᜔ᘬᤜܫ փΔ༼נԱψඒߛᠾᆙωհ৬ᤜΔڼ৬ᤜհڱೈԱڇᓰ࿓ֱ૿ᇞೈਝڶऱጥࠫհ؆Δ ٍڶૹิࡉᓳᖞඒߛ۩ਙᦞԺዌհრΰ۩ਙೃඒߛޏᐉᤜࡡᄎΔ˄ˌˌˉαΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ྥۖΔݺഏඒߛഗءऄឈྥࡳᆠԳاඒߛᦞհ᧯Δࠀᒤψඒߛհؾऱאഛ 塄Գا٤ԳΕاై塄Εऄएᨠ࢚Ξω౨ԺΔԱඒߛհኔਜΔඒߛ۩ਙء ᚨאԳاऱඒߛᦞءΔၞ۩ٺႈ܂ΖഄڇψᓴᖑڶඒߛᦞωՂΔᇠऄࡲڱૉլ ᆖԵ։࣫Δԫඒߛऱ൷࠹ृΔՈ༉ਢ܂ඒߛᦞ᧯ऱԳاለᣄᇞඒߛᦞऱ ᖑڶኙࠡ۞ߪࢬז।ऱრᆠΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇ০ࠫࢨຨഏ୮Δඒߛᦞऱᖑڶृࢬᅝྥऱਢഏ୮ࢨ༳ᦞऱਙएቸ᧯Δࠡ ඒߛհኔਜਢאԫഏհܓ墿່ึؾऱΔഏا࠹ඒߛএ܂࿇୶ᇠഏऱՠࠠհ ԫΙۖՕຝٝاীኪഏ୮Δط࣍ᖆऄڍתࡳᦞڇاΔՈ༉ਢԳاࠆڶΕᖑڶ ץਔඒߛڇփऱᦞΔڂڼԳاऱඒߛᦞᄎለ࠹ࠩ༇ૹΔඒߛऱڱٍለೣٻ࣍࠰ ܗԫଡ᧯ݙګࠡݙᖞԳנ࿇Δ٦ឩՕ۟ᕩፋڇٵԫषᄎΕഏ৫سऱ٥ᢝΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ඒߛऱ۞एΰ˴̈̇̂́̂̀̌ʿʳ̆˸˿˹ˀ˺̂̉˸̅́˴́˶˸αፖ։ᦞΰ˷˸˶˸́̇̅˴˿˼̍˴̇˼̂́αኙ࣍ඒߛᦞऱ ኔਜࠐᎅΔࠠڶઌᅝՕऱਐᑑრᆠΖᖑڶඒߛᦞृڕ۶ຘመاषᄎՀזᤜࠫ৫ ऱᓿղΔڇՂ۞ਙࢌΕچֱΕא۟ᖂீᐋ్ऱਮዌխ౨༳༽एΰ˺̂̉˸̅́˴́˶˸αऱᦞ ԺΖඒߛ۞एፖ։ᦞऱᒤΔਢܡਢᨃᖑڶඒߛᦞऱԳᙇנࠡזԳΔڇຨऱ ᧯ࠫփၞ۩एΕႛڍ಼֟ഗᐋऱᜢଃፖᣋඨΔࢨਢຘመࠫ৫ऱૠΔᨃڶᦞृ ڇޢԫᐋ్ࠠໂऴ൷ፖհᖲᄎΔࠌࠡრ৸౨ךٝ।ሒΖڂڼ۞एऱীኪፖ։ᦞ ᒤऱࡳኙඒߛᦞऱ۩ࠌࠐᎅᅝྥࠠڶެࡳࢤऱᐙΔ۞एࡉ։ᦞڇࠫ৫ऱૠ ՂΔլ܀ီԫഏਙए࿇୶ऱ౧ፖګᑵ৫ۖࡳΔޓᄎ࠹ඒޏऱᑪੌᐙۖଥإΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᓫࠩඒߛऱ۞एࡉ։ᦞΔঁլ౨งዥඒߛएΰ˸˷̈˶˴̇˼̂́ʳ˺̂̉˸̅́˴́˶˸αԫဲΔٍ ܛಘᓵऱਢψᓴᖑڶඒߛᦞΔطᓴࠐጥᝤΛωΔՂ۞խ؇Հ۟چֱΕᖂீΔ౨ፖඒ ߛࠃ೭ެऱଡԳࢨቸ᧯Δࠡዌ۶Λඒߛᆖط։ᦞऱංၞࡉ۞एऱঅᎽࢬس ऱΔਢਙࢌᖲዌၴՂՀᣂএऱ٦ᓳᖞΔޓਢڶิ៣ᖲ౨ऱ᠏ངΖψ۞एωءߪܛڶ ڇլٵิ៣ࢨլٵิ៣ऱګհၴΔאץܶ۞৳ٙၞ۩ઌյ܂شհრΖᙟထழזዝၞፖԳاव౨ऱၲ୶Δኙඒߛࠃ೭ऱፖრᣋՈყףཆΔࠏڕڇഏփ؆ኔਜ ऱڇ୮ඒߛࠫ৫Εᖂீᙇᖗፖᖂீٍܶڶඒߛ۞एऱᐙΙۖψ։ᦞωঞਐ ᆖطᦞԺऱՀ࣋ΔᦞՀ᥆ۯެࡳհᦞԺΖ۟࣍۞एࢨ։ᦞऱګ࣠Δঞױຘመ אᜎயຂٚΰ˴˶˶̂̈́̇˴˵˼˿˼̇̌αऱֱڤࠐኙ؆ᎅࣔࠀ۸ᢞࠡएऱإᅝࢤΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ֲءऱඒߛ۞ᖏ৵߱վΔڇ۞एፖ։ᦞऱ࿇୶Ղ٥ᖵᆖԿଡၸΙڇ່२ऱඒ ޏհՀΔխ؇Εچֱ֗ᖂீᐋ్ऱઌյᣂএΔՈൕאऱխ؇ႃᦞ᧯ࠫ݁ᘝΕյ ܗऱֱٻᓳᖞΖء֮ᚵൕඒߛएऱᨠរנ࿇Δຘመ֮։࣫ऱֱऄΔտฯֲءඒ ߛ۞एࡉ։ᦞऱऄࠉᖕΕא֗طچֱ։ᦞሎ೯ࢬ֧࿇ΔڇඒߛՂ۞ए։ᦞऱ࿇୶Δ ࠀאᖂீઌᣂऱޏࠏၞ۩։࣫Δ່৵ኙᅃݺഏण༼נ৬ᤜΔઐ౨ኙվ৵ඒߛ ऱ࿇୶ନڶܗ墿Ζʳ
ຯȃРҏఀىՌݽᇄϷ᠌ޟ๖ᄺġ
ֲءڂԲᖏᖏඓΕٻᜤ૨ྤයٙދ૾ࠀ൷࠹ࠡ൷ጥ९ሒքڣΖאભഏଈऱ ᜤ૨᜔ຝԱֲַء૨ഏᆠ٦ᘋΔڇᖏ৵ᄅᖆऄऱࠫࡳխ֧ၞԱا࢚Δࠀ قᦞڇ࣍Գاۖॺ֚Ζڇඒߛࠫ৫ऱޏທՂΔભഏඒߛࠌᆏቸԲڻࠐֲΔਐ ᖄץਔඒߛऄፖࠫ৫ၞ۩٤૿ࢤऱ᠏ངΖڂڼԲڻՕᖏױᘯਢֲءඒߛ࿇୶౧ Ղऱԫ։ֽᏆΔ։ګז।ᖏছऱ៱ࠫፖᖏ৵ऱᄅࠫΖᄅࠫඒߛऱٺႈऄΔࠏڕ ᖆऄΕඒߛഗءऄΕඒߛࡡᄎऄΕچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄڶᣂඒߛ۞एፖ։ᦞऱઌᣂ ᒤΔࠡࠫࡳհॣઃᤖܶᅝזΰᖏඓऱߪٝࡉભഏऱਐᖄαհહནΖ ֲءඒߛ۞एፖ։ᦞऱኔਜױאᎅਢڇᖏ৵թඔࡨΖᄅࠫඒߛऄԫޏመװא ֚ፖഏ୮խ֨ऱψඒШᖂ᧯ࠫωΔᒔمאا֏ፖچֱ։ᦞऱᨠ࢚Δװฤᚨ ᄅᖆऄऱᦞڇا്ΖڂڼΔ൶ಘֲءऱඒߛ۞एፖ։ᦞऱዌΔᔞٽൕऄ ऱᒤၲࡨΔۼ۟խ؇ፖچֱΔא֗چֱፖᖂீհၴऱઌյᣂএΖאՀء֮౿א ழၴհႉݧΔലऄΕਙࢌٺ్հၴऱᣂএດޡտฯࠀ։࣫հΖΙȃᇄՌݽϷ᠌ࣺᜰϞݲೣġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ψඒߛ۩ਙऱا֏ωΕψඒߛ۩ਙऱچֱ։ᦞωΕፖψᒔঅඒߛऱ۞ࢤωԿរ ױᘯਢֲءᖏ৵ඒߛ۩ਙऱԿՕঞΰ܌ߊΔ˅˃˃ˌΙض֮ႂΔ˅˃˃ˉαΖڇዌ৬ ᄅඒߛ᧯ࠫհॣΔઌᣂऱऄྤլࠉՂ૪ၞ۩ૠΖאՀ౿༉ֲءऱٺႈऄ հᒤࠐ൶ಘڶᣂඒߛ۞एΕ։ᦞऱࡳΖʳΰԫαֲءഏᖆऄΰ˄ˌˇˉ ڣֆؒαʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᖆऄኙ࣍ഏاᦞΰร ˄ යαΕഏاࠆڶ࠹ඒᦞΰร ˅ˉ යαڶࣔᒔࡳΔࠡխ ඒߛٍਢഏاᦞհԫΖࠉഏاᦞհঞΔڇഏاᣤऱॾಜհՀΔࠠڶمऄᦞ ऱഏᄎΔਢז।ԳاኔਜזᤜਙएΔࠫࡳऄ৳א֘ਠԳاएრ৸ऱഏᦞ່ᖲᣂʳ ΰร ˇ˄ යαΔඒߛऱઌᣂऄ৳ٍطࠡࠫࡳΙۖ۩ਙᦞ᥆࣍փᎹΔփᎹऱ۩ਙ܂࠹ ഏ추Ζᖆऄࡳ۩ਙΕمऄፖऄऱԿᦞ։مڇ࣍ލࠫᦞԺऱᛒشΔ່ࠡ ึؾऱঞਢঅᎽഏاऱᦞΖ؆ᣂ࣍چֱ۞एֱ૿Δᖆऄร ˌ˅ ۟ ˌˈ යՈࢭᎁ چֱֆ٥ቸ᧯ڶچֱ۞एΔץܶ۩ਙᦞፖ۞एمऄᦞհֆᦞԺΔၞאঅᎽچֱ۞ एΖʳ ΰԲαඒߛഗءऄΰ˄ˌˇˊ ڣֆؒαʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ඒߛഗءऄհය֮ႛڶ ˅ˆ යΔࠡمऄڱڇ࣍ࠉᖕᖆऄऱ壄壀Δࣔقඒߛհؾ ऱࠀᒔمᄅඒߛࠫ৫Ζᣂ࣍ඒߛ۩ਙຝٝΔඒߛഗءऄร ˄˃ යڶ១ࣔᒔऱᒤΚ ψඒߛΔլࣚ࣍լᅝհ֭Δᚨऴ൷ኙഏاຂωΕ൷ထڇร ˅ ཱིԾ༼ࠩΚψඒߛ۩ ਙᚨࠉڼ۞ᤚΔᚨאሑ۩ඒߛؾऱհࢬᏁٺႈයٙؾᑑΔၞ۩ᖞໂᒔمΖωʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇڼࡉ۞एፖ։ᦞڶᣂऱञᤜរڇ࣍Κ۶ኙඒߛ۩ਙڕڼᒤΛඒߛ۶ լࣚൕլᅝհ֭Ε۶լᅝ֭ΔչᏖթਢإᅝ֭Ζࠡڻඒߛᚨڕ۶ኙഏا ऴ൷ຂΔऴ൷ຂፖຘመᤜᄎऱၴ൷ຂਢܡઌյ᫆Λኔ೭Ղᇠڕ۶ૠᨃඒ ߛױאψऴ൷ωኙഏاຂΰࠉऴ൷ຂٚࢤհऄαΖࡐྥڼऄૡࡳհψլࣚ࣍լᅝ ֭ωᅝॣਢඈೈ૨ഏᆠאኧا壄壀Δ܀ࠡ৵ࠉᖕᇠऄࢬૠऱٺጟඒߛ ࠫ৫Δࠡխץܶඒߛऱ۞एፖ։ᦞऱං೯Δઃࡉࠡࢬ༿قऱψඒߛؾऱωΕψլࣚլ ᅝ֭ωፖψኙഏاऴ൷ຂωڶઌᅝদհᣂຑΖʳ ΰԿαඒߛࡡᄎऄʽ˄ ʳ ΰ˄ˌˇˊ ڣࠫࡳΔ˄ˌˈˉ ڣᐒೈαʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ֲءڇچֱᐋ్ኔᎾຂඒߛࠃ೭ެऱਢψඒߛࡡᄎωิ៣Δࠡऄחࠉᖕ ඒߛࡡᄎऄΖ።ψएωץܶထਙए۩ፖ۩ਙመ࿓ࠟጟᄗ࢚Δڕ۶ڇඒߛए ऱࠫ৫ૠՂΔࠉᖕඒߛഗءऄऱ壄壀ิګԫଡאԳا᧯Δլᄎขسլᅝ֭ ΔԾ౨ኙ࣍ഏاऴ൷ຂऱ۩ਙᖲዌګᅝՀᏁ܌ࣚऱᓰᠲΖඒߛࡡᄎࠉऄ ิګհ৵Δ٦ຘመࠡ࿇ؒऱঞิ៣ٺ్ᖂீΕࡳඒߛؾᑑΔኔਜඒߛ೯ΰ۩ ਙመ࿓αΔۖඒߛऱएঞຘመຍࠄ೯ۖ۩ࠌΰਙए۩αΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᖏ৵ΔભഏඒߛࠌᆏቸࠐֲΔڇᄅࠫඒߛऱ৬ዌՂං۩اΔൿೈഏ୮ᆠΕ ૨ഏᆠΕ৫խ؇ႃᦞፖࡴቛਙएΔֲء֧ၞԱભڤඒߛࡡᄎࠫ৫ΰޜᇨ
ଥΔ˅˃˃ˉ˴αΖભڤඒࡡᄎऱۥڇ࣍ආ۩ֆᙇࠫ৫Δאا൳ࠫΰ˷˸̀̂˶̅˴˶̌ʳ ˶̂́̇̅̂˿αิ៣ዌΔᆖطֆၲᙇᜰඒߛࡡΔၞ۩ඒߛएא᧯چֱ۞एፖඒߛ ۞ए։ᦞऱრቹΖඒߛऱऴ൷ຂٚࢤհऄٍ៶طᙇᜰขسऱඒߛࡡᄎၞ۩ެ ֗ሎ܂Δࠀऴ൷ኙᙇاຂΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ࠡڻΔޙࠐ۞ԫ۩ਙլᅝհ֭եឫΔֲءඒࡡᄎਢאψܑωࡡᄎ ऱֱڤᗑم࣍ԫ۩ਙຝ॰հ؆Δլ࠹چֱଈ९ऴ൷ਐཀᅮΖᣊۿऱᗑمࡡᄎ ᝫڶԳࠃࡡᄎፖᙇᜰጥࡡᄎΖڼ؆ֲءऱඒࡡᄎࠀྤᗑم࿔گΔࠡತਙץ ܶڇԫ۩ਙհՀΔጥᝤᒤࡉچֱ۞एቸ᧯ऱ۩ਙԫીΔլቝભഏඒࡡᄎڶ ᐛ࿔ᦞΔࢬอᝤհᖂڶሀ။լٵ۩ਙհൣݮΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ รԿΔඒߛࡡऱขسഗءՂආ࠷ࢬᘯైԳΰ˿˴̌̀˴́α൳ࠫհΔՈ༉ਢطॺ ඒߛറᄐհ壄ࠐ༳ඒߛࡡᄎΔڼࠫ৫հૠ່ૹऱؾऱԯਢඈೈࡴቛࠫ ৫հኤ୭Δאַࠡڇ࿓ݧΕኙऄऱᇞᤩՂאᓤᠧΕ۞ܓऱֱڤඈೈ؆ऱե௫Ζʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ឈྥຝٝᖂृޅေֲءඒࡡᄎਢൎ૰֧ၞհ؆ࠐขढΔءࠐ༉լֲࣚءֽ ՒΔ܀ଣࠡפ౨ڕא࿇ཀΔآቫլਢᒔمඒߛ۞ए։ᦞհࠢᒤߜᖲΖྥኔਜլࠩ ༓ڣऱֆᙇࠫ৫ΔڂնϤڣזᅝழषᄎऱ႖Εਙ᤻ऱႜؤΔ༚אឌᖏऱᡨ࿇Δ ܍ඒߛऱխمࡉڜࡳ࠹ࠩᐙΔֲءᐒೈԱඒߛࡡᄎऄΔޏࠫࡳچֱඒߛ۩ਙ ऄΔᙟᄅऄऱࠫࡳֆᙇࠫ৫ٍึַΔඒߛࡡऱขسޏطچֱଈ९ංٚࡎΔۖ ඒߛऱ۞एۥ۞ڼໍՀቸ᧯ऱ۞एΔཅೈԱԳاऱएΖʳ ΰαچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄʽ˅ ΰ˄ˌˈˉ ڣֆؒαʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ˄ˌˈˉ ڣࠫࡳऱچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄೈԱ࠷זᐒೈऱඒߛࡡᄎऄΔᒤچֱඒࡡᄎ ઌᣂࠃႈ؆Δٍਢᒤᖞ᧯چֱඒߛ۩ਙิ៣ፖሎ܂ऱऄ৳ΖڇᇠऄऱᒤհՀΔ ֲءऱඒߛᛧԱ९ཚऱڜࡳΔՈߨٻ৫ऱխ؇ႃᦞΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᇠऄհփ୲ΔᆖृอᖞΔᄗױ։אՀរΚʳ ˄ˁᒤچֱඒࡡᄎհᆜፖิ៣ΖᜰՅᒤඒߛࡡऱขسΰڣαΕԳᑇΰԫ ৳նԳαΕᒽ܍ΕᇞΕ؈Εࣚ೭Δא֗ඒߛ९ऱขسΕٚ܍ፖᎁױΕࠃ೭ݝ ऱሎ܂ΕਐᖄࠃΰᅮᖂαऱᆜΖʳ ˅ˁᒤඒࡡᄎ֗چֱ۞एቸ᧯ଈ९ऱඒߛ೭ᦞૻʽˆ ΖࠡխץܶԱࠃ೭ፖඒ ߛತขጥհᦞૻΖʳ ˆˁኙઌᣂඒߛᖲᣂऱᆜΕጥፖၞ۩ᒤΖփ୲ץਔڕᖂீΕቹ塢ऱ ᆜΕհٚ܍Εઔ֗ەᜎေࡳΖʳ ˇˁࡳխ؇ፖٺ్چֱඒࡡᄎΔԲ్ፖԿ్ඒࡡᄎհၴऱઌյᣂএΖࠏڕ֮ຝՕ
ኙԲ్ࢨԿ్چֱඒࡡᄎਐᖄΕ৬ߢፖགܗऱᦞԺΔٍᒤԱՀ్ඒࡡᄎႊ൷࠹ אψࠃ೭ࡡٚωࢨψᇖܗച۩ωऱֱڤਊՂ్ऱਐقၞ۩ᄐ೭Ζʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ط࣍ᇠऄሰาᜇᙊऱࡳچֱඒߛ۩ਙิ៣֗ࠡՂՀ్հၴऱᣂএΔڂڼऴ۟ ᇠऄ࠹چֱ։ᦞሎ೯ᐙΔၞ۩ଥૡΰ˅˃˃ˇ ڣαհၴΔچֱඒࡡᄎऱ۞एፖ։ᦞΔ ۟ץਔᖂீऱ۞ဪၦᦞԺΔຟ࠹ࠩލࠫΖʳ ΰնαچֱ۞एऄΰ˄ˌˇˊ ڣֆؒαʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ೈՂ૪ඒߛऄחհ؆Δԫଡፖඒߛऱ۞एፖ։ᦞڶᣂऱऄ৳چֱ۞एऄΖ ᇠऄএءᖆऄچֱ۞एհࡲڱۖࠫࡳΔؾᑑڇ࣍ࡳᆠچֱ۞एቸ᧯հิ៣ፖᛜሎࠃ ႈΔࠀ᠖堚ഏ୮ፖچֱ۞एቸ᧯հഗءᣂএΔאཚࠌچֱ۞एቸ᧯౨אاΕڶய ౨հ۩ਙ܂ቹᘩ٤հ࿇୶Ζࠡխڶᣂඒߛ۞एຝٝΔඒߛڇᖏছഏ୮ऱࠃ೭Δ چֱڶ۞एऱ़ၴΔࣔएழཚऱඒߛחࡸڇร ˄ යࡳΚψ٤ഏհඒߛࠃ೭এ֮ ຝହհอ᥊ΔࠉਚᖂீؔᆇႼᤄ塢ྤᓵֆߏمհܑઃᚨ֮ຝହհᅮΖωΰޜ ᇨଥΔ˅˃˃ˉ˵Ιض֮ႂΔ˅˃˃ˉαΔᖏ৵ڇچֱ۞एऄֆؒΕං೯چֱ۞एհ ৵Δچֱ۞एቸ᧯ࠉऄګمඒߛࡡᄎΔࠀᆜᖂீΔຂᝤփچֱඒߛࠃ೭ऱሎ ܂ࠀᖜࢬᏁհᆖ၄Ζڂڼچֱᐋ్ऱඒߛ۞एএࠉچֱ۞एऄհᒤۖܧվֲհ ᑌᎎΖʳ
ΠȃϛѵМഋࣸ
ʽˇȃӴПఀىۏষོᇄᏰਮޟ༈ಛᜰ߽ġ
խ؇Εچֱፖᖂீڇ։ᦞޏኔਜհছऱᣂএԫᎁਢطՂۖՀऱխ؇ႃ ᦞ᧯ࠫΔ۶אءᑑچֱ։ᦞऱᖏ৵ඒߛ᧯ࠫڇኔਜመ࿓խᄎყףݮګխ؇ႃᦞ ွΛࠡڂհԫਢՂ్ۯຘመऄ৳ऱᦞΔאٺጟֱڤ༳༽ࠀ൳ࠫՀ᥆ᖲᣂΖ אՀΔ౿១૪֮ຝઊፖچֱඒࡡᄎΔא֗چֱඒࡡᄎፖᖂீऱႚอᣂএΖ ΰԫα֮ຝઊፖچֱඒࡡᄎհᣂএ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳֲءᖂृֵضݛΰ˄ˌˋˆαਐנඒߛ۩ਙڶԿՕ܂شΔ։ܑਢᒤΕܗګא֗ኔ ਜ܂شԿጟΖڍڣאࠐ֮ຝઊऱߡۥΔೈԱڇխ؇ਙࢌۯၸފዝඒߛਙऱࠫࡳृΔ ᒤ٤ഏԫીऱᑑᄷհ؆Δࠡᝫױאᆖطऄ৳ᦞΔא࿇ؒࡎחΕਜ۩าঞֱڤ ΰᒤ܂شαਐཀچֱඒࡡᄎΖ១ូΔ֮ຝઊࠠڶאՀጟᦞԺΰဏޘࢉ㬔Δ ˅˃˃ˋαΖʳ ˄ˁኙچֱၞ۩ਐᖄΕ৬ߢΕགܗΰᇖܗαऱᦞԺΖʳ ˅ˁψᜤᓳᖞωऱᦞԺΖ֮ຝઊᨃඒߛࠃ೭إᒔച۩Δױאࡉچֱඒࡡᄎ࠷ઌյհၴऱᜤᓳᖞΖʳ ˆˁᓳᦞΖ֮ຝՕၞ۩Ղ૪ࠟႈࠃ೭Δױኙچֱ۞एቸ᧯հଈ९א֗ඒࡡᄎ հࠃ೭ၞ۩ؘऱᓳΖʳ ˇˁ༼ࠎᇷறΕܫհψޣᦞωΖ֮ຝՕױאޣچֱ۞एቸ᧯հଈ९א֗ඒ ࡡᄎ༼ࠎؘऱᓳΕอૠࢨࠡהᇷறΖֲء٤ഏࢤऱᖂԺᓳܛࠉءࡳኔਜΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ٦אඒߛ९ऱԳࠃࠏΔچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄࠫࡳ৵Δ֮ຝՕ༳ڶኙԲ్ඒࡡᄎ ඒߛ९ऱᎁױᦞΔຘመᎁױᦞऱ۩ࠌΔআࠌඒߛ९ګࣚൕऱՀ᥆Ζ൷ထΔԲ్ඒ ࡡᄎᖑڶԿ్ඒࡡᄎऱඒߛ९ٚࡎᦞ֗ኙԿ్ඒࡡᄎհඒߛࠃ೭Δࠏڕิ៣ᒳࠫΕ ᓰ࿓ΕඒޗհഗᄷࡳᦞΖڼ؆Ղ్ᝫױຘመψᖲᣂࡡٚࠃ೭ωֱڤΔലء᥆ ࣍Ղ్ᚨച۩ऱᄐ೭ΔࡡಜՀ్זച۩Ζڼጟᄐ೭ٌطچֱച۩৵Δ່ॿ୭چֱ ۞एऱຝٝԯڇ࣍چֱᤜᄎ౨ڇച۩መ࿓।قᣂ֨Δ܀ࠀྤᤜެࢨᅮऱᦞԺΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ֲءऱඒߛ᧯ߓڂۖڇڕڼᐋᐋઌڬऱՂՀᣂএխլឰխ؇ႃᦞዝ᧢Δऴ۟ چֱ։ᦞޏհছΔچֱऱඒࡡᄎൄጠհ֮ຝઊऱ։ຝΔࢨᅝګנᖲᣂ ৱΖຑ؆ഏᖂृڕ ˥̂̇˵˸̅˺ΰ˅˃˃ˇαڇઔߒֲءඒޏ᠏ངऱᣊীழΔຟᎁֲءء ༉ਢխ؇ႃᦞഏ୮Δຍणउፖᖏ৵ֲءᖆऄΕඒߛഗءऄૠᅝॣࢬᑑऱ࢚Օ ઌຕஅΖʳ ΰԲαچֱඒࡡᄎፖᖂீհᣂএʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ࠉֲءऱᖂீඒߛऄհࡳΔᖂீհمආψᆜृጥᆠωΔٍܛᖂீਢط ୌԫଡቸ᧯ࢬمऱΔᇠቸ᧯༉ڶᛜሎΕᅮΕᤂൻᆖ၄֗ፂᥨଥ៤հຂΖڇֲ ءऱ۩ਙऄᖂՂΔᖂீਢլࠠໂψऄԳωऱΔऄ৳ՂڶᦞԺᆠ೭ऱ᧯ਢࠡ ᆜृΰֵضݛΔ˄ˌˋˆΙဏޘࢉ㬔Δ˅˃˃ˋαΖڕֆمխ՛ᖂհᆜृԿ్ΰ᮫ؑޘα հඒࡡᄎΔ᮫ؑޘඒࡡᄎঞࠡጥᖲᣂΙߏمᖂீऱጥृڇ࣍ګمᇠீऱᖂீ ऄԳΖڼ؆ႛ۾ֲءᖂீ᜔ᑇ ˃ˁˊʸऱഏمխ՛ᖂΔঞط֮ຝઊጥΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ႚอՂඒࡡᄎፖᖂீऱᣂএΔڇ࣍ࠡೈࠉᖂீඒߛऄࡳΔᖑڶץਔࢤऱ֭ ᦞຂհ؆Δᝫ࠹چֱ۞एऄፖچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄհᒤΖ១ࠐᎅඒࡡᄎኙᖂீऱጥ ױ։Հ٨ԿጟΚʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ˄ˁʳ ኙீ९ΕඒᙰϠˈ ֗հٚ܍Εࣚ೭ፖᅮԳࠃጥΙʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ˅ˁʳ ኙீॐΕீچհፂᥨଥ៤ऱጥΔڼএढऱጥΙʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ˆˁʳ ኙᖂீᆖᛜၞ۩ਐཀᅮፖਐᖄ৬ߢ۩ਙጥΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ࠉڼΔඒࡡᄎኙீ९ٍڶψኙऱΔץਔࢤωऱਐཀᦞԺΔױᦞீ९ᆖᛜᖂீΔ Ոױኙீ९ၞ۩ਐقፖᅮΙڇᓰ࿓ֱ૿Δඒࡡᄎኙᓰ࿓ᒳ፹ױࡳഗᄷΕၞ۩ਐ
قΕਐᖄፖ৬ߢΔؘழᝫױא࿇ؒࡎחΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇᖂீऱֲൄࠃ೭ՂΔඒࡡᄎࠉچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄร ˆˆ යհࡳΔࠫࡳᖂீጥ ঞΔᨃᖂீױאڇᦞՀഗ࣍ءߪऱܒឰֲൄࠃ೭Ζᖂீঞڇऄऱچ ۯՂψࡎחωΔඒࡡᄎא࿇ؒᇠࡎחऱֱڤΔլႛઌኙપޔ۞ߪኙᖂீؘאՂ հե௫ΔՈᨃᖂீᆖᛜאڶ఼ݧΔࠀڇԫࡳᒤփᖑڶ۞ፖ۞مऱࢤΖʳ
ȃРҏఀىՌݽϷ᠌ޟีġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ֲءඒߛ۞एፖ։ᦞऱ࿇୶Δ࠹ࠩچֱ։ᦞޏऱᐙۖขسԱૹՕऱ᠏᧢Ζ ֲءچֱ։ᦞሎ೯এ࠹ࠩψᄅ۞طᆠΰ́˸̂ˀ˿˼˵˸̅˴˿˼̆̀αωऱᐙۖၞ۩ऱԫຑۭ ᦞԺՀ࣋ऱޏ܂Ζᄅ۞طᆠऱ്լٵ࣍Ղધॣᑛભආ۩ऱ࣋ٚڤ۞ط ᆠΕא֗ԲڻՕᖏ৵ऱ壂ܓഏ୮ᆠΔ،ൎᓳऱਢψআၞഏاऱ۞طΔ৬ዌڶய ऱᤁञؑΔૹီഏ୮ऱߡۥࡳۯΔ܀ԾᏁލࠫഏ୮ऱᖲ౨່࣍՛ૻ৫փΔאআ ၞଡԳࢨิ៣ᆖط۞طᤁञۖᆖᛎΰࡽءኧΔ˅˃˃ˌαΔࠡ֘ਠڇਙࢌޏՂΔױ אشऄᠾᆙΕ۞طᤁञΕᦞԺՀ࣋ᨠ࢚ז।հΖڇᄅ۞طᆠऱᖄ֧հՀΔֲ ء࣍Ϥڣזأཚၲࡨං೯۩ਙޏΔࠡᜍ՛Ահছ壂ܓഏ୮ழזᘉՕΕᏜ֏ऱਙ ࢌิ៣ΔࠀຘመᦞૻऱࡡಜΕՀֱ࣋ڤআၞچֱ۞एቸ᧯֗ഏا೯ऱᐘࢤ֏Δ ۖඒߛ۩ਙֱ૿ऱޏՈᙟհۖڶၞԫޡऱ࿇୶Ζʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ֲءچֱ։ᦞऱᄩᄭΔױאᎅਢ۞ ˄ˌˋˋ ڣದঁڶچֱࠫ৫։ᦞઌᣂᐉᤜऱၞ ۩Ιˊ ڣ৵ΰ˄ˌˌˈ ڣαΔၞ۩ઌᣂऄଥૡΔ٣۩ࠫࡳԱچֱ։ᦞංၞऄΔࠀᆜ چֱ։ᦞංၞࡡᄎΔၞ۩ᐉࡉᓳΖ൷ထֲءփᎹᎹᤜڇ ˄ˌˌˋ ڣຏመψچֱ։ ᦞංၞૠωΙ˄ˌˌˌ ڣഏᄎຏመψچֱ։ᦞԫਔऄʽˉ ωࠀֆؒΖڇᇠऄֆؒհ৵Δࢬ ڶ௫֗چֱ։ᦞࠃႈऱऄ৳ΔຟႊٽᇠऄᛀಘଥإΔࠡխ ˅˄ ຝࡉ֮ຝઊڶᣂऱඒ ߛऄחٍᏁၞ۩ଥૡΖچֱ։ᦞԫਔऄڇ ˅˃˃˃ ڣإڤኔਜΔွᐛֲءഏ୮ࡉچֱ۞ एቸ᧯ऱᣂএၲඔᄅΔۖچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄՈ࣍ ˅˃˃ˊ ڣၞ۩ଥૡΔࠌඒߛ۞एࡉ։ ᦞऱ࿇୶ٍᝬٻᄅऱၸΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ چֱ։ᦞޏऱၞ۩ᐙԱءऱඒߛࠫ৫ΔՈআၞԱ່ᄅԫंඒߛ۞ए։ᦞ ڇ࢚Ղፖ܂ऄՂऱޏ᧢Ζֲءඒߛ۞ए։ᦞऱ࿇୶ၸፖࠡ२ཚणउᄗڕՀࢬقΖʳΙȃఀىՌݽϷ᠌ޟีࢲġ
ֲءඒߛ۞एࡉ։ᦞ࿇୶ၸΔᆖء֮ᖞٽઌᣂऄፖچֱ։ᦞޏհኔਜΔױאشழၴរऱ։ΔូנԿՕၸΖรԫၸਢᖏ৵ΰ˄ˌˇˊ ڣα۟ ˄ˌˈˉ ڣچֱ ඒߛ۩ਙऄࠫࡳհၴऱψနॕཚωΔ່ࠡࠠז।ࢤऱਢඒߛࡡᄎऱૠፖࠡࡡኔ ਜֆᙇࠫ৫ΔᆵኔඒߛऱైԳ൳ࠫፖ۞एΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ รԲၸψႃᦞཚωΔழၴរՂਢ ˄ˌˈˉ ڣ۟ ˅˃˃˃ ڣհၴΖڼၸದࡨ࣍چֱ ඒߛ۩ਙऄհࠫࡳΔึ࣍چֱ։ᦞઌᣂऄחଥૡհழΖႃᦞཚऱۥਢچֱඒࡡᄎ ऱࡡޏංࠫΕࡡ९ႊᆖՂ్ٵრࡨٚࡎΕՂՀ్ᖲᣂऱᦞૻٻՂΕխ ؇ႃխΔڼၸऱඒߛ۞ए࠹ࠩᚘލΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ รԿၸױאشψᑷཚω܂ז।ΖࠡڇழၴរՂપ ˅˃˃˃ ڣ߱վΖڇءၸ խഏ୮ፖچֱ۞एቸ᧯հၴऱᣂএطՂՀ࠰ٵ܂ᓳᖞΔඒߛ۞एດዬڇچֱඒ ࡡᄎՂ༚ΔᆖመᦞԺՀ࣋ऱޏ৵Δچֱඒࡡᄎऱ۞ႈؾᏺڍΔᖂீᐋ్Ո چֱඒࡡᄎፖޓڍ۞ᆖᛜᦞԺΔٵழ࠹ࠩԫຑۭඒޏऱᐙΔඒߛऱܓ୭ᣂএ ृʻ̆̇˴˾˸˻̂˿˷˸̅ʼ࠷ޓڍፖඒߛࠃ೭ऱᦞԺΖʳ
ΠȃӴПఀىࢇಢᙑޟ፡ᐌġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ඒߛࡡᄎऱิ៣ਮዌࡉפ౨ᙟ ˅˃˃ˊ ڣچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄऱଥૡڶԱઌᅝ࿓৫ऱ ޏ᧢Δຍࠄޏ᧢ᨃچֱᐋ్ऱඒߛए۞एፖ։ᦞհሁছၞΔٍਢআࠌᖂீၞ۩ ۞ए։ᦞޏऱૹڂైΖඒߛࡡᄎิ៣ਮዌऱᓳᖞΔױאូאՀႈΖʳ ΰԫαᐘࢤᓳᖞඒߛࡡԳᑇ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ៱چֱඒߛ۩ਙऄխࡳچֱࢬඒߛࡡԫ৳նټΖᇠऄଥૡ৵Δچֱױ אᖕءߪऱයٙΔᆜ ˆˀˉ ټඒߛࡡΔڼᜰီᙟࡡᑇऱᐘࢤ֏Δֺאޓױ ૹီچֱऱࢤΔ֘ਠچࡺاऱრٻΖʳ ΰԲαᆃַඒߛ९ଫٚඒߛࡡᄎࡡ९ΰஂαʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ Աᒔঅඒࡡᄎऱრߠլᄎࢬᘯψറ୮ωऱඒߛ९ྤီࢨᖙݫΔࠀᆵኔᅝॣ ైԳ൳ࠫऱ࢚Δچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄଥࡳ৵ࡳٺ్ඒࡡᄎऱඒߛ९ᆃַଫٚඒߛࡡ ᄎࡡ९Δᄅऄ٦ၞԫޡ֮ࣔࡳࠟृհၴߡۥ֗ຂٚऱ։ᎾΖʳ ΰԿαᐒೈඒߛ९ऱᎁױࠫ৫ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ඒߛ९ऱԳᙇڇ៱ऄխএطඒߛࡡյᙇขسΔࠀᆖՂ్ᎁױᛧٚࡎΖᄅऄ ଥૡհ৵Δඒߛ९ऱᎁױޏطᆖچֱᤜᄎऱٵრٚࡎΖڼൻਜᎁਢᆵኔඒߛᦞ ԺՀ࣋Εൎ֏چֱएᦞԺऱԫႈޏ᧢Ζᆖطඒߛ९Գᙇᎁױࠫ৫ऱޏ᧢Δױאᨃඒߛࠃ೭ፖچֱऱ࿇୶ᏁޣޓጹയٽΖഄඒߛ९ԳᙇءطඒߛࡡխขسΔඒߛ ࡡޓਢᆖطᙇᜰขسऱଈ९ංΔᏁᆖᙇᜰऱֆז।ᖺদऱਙएۥΔଈ९༼ נऱඒߛਙٍᏁኙᙇا֗اრΰᤜᄎαຂΖڂڼඒࡡᄎऱएᑓڤਢܡאଈ ९խ֨ऱਙए൳ࠫೣฝΛࠡױ౨ࢤ࠹ࠩᣂࣹΖʳ ΰαೖַψᖲᣂࡡٚࠃ೭ωΔ྇֟Ղ్ऱऴ൷ե௫ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ چֱ։ᦞԫਔऄֆؒհছΔՕࣂՂֲءऱຟሐࢌᗼ൷࠹Ղ్ࡡٚΔՂ్ٌ ᙄࠃ೭ऱֺપ ˊˀˋ ګΕ᮫ؑޘ൷࠹ຟሐࢌᗼࡡٚऱࠃ೭ঞڶ ˆˀˇ ګΖՂ్ۯ ຘመᖲᣂࡡٚࠃ೭ऱٌᙄֱڤΔլႛൎ֏ԱᖲᣂၴऱൕᣂএΔٍݮګԱڍڣࠐ۩ ਙ᧯ߓխ؇ႃᦞऱᐛΖऄחଥإհ৵ΔঞՂೈԱψऄࡳ࠹ಜࠃ೭ωհ؆Δࠡ塒 ઃ᥆چֱ۞एࠃ೭Δچֱڶ۞۩ެࡳऱᦞૻΖא֮ຝઊࠏΔଥऄ৵ڶऱ ˄˃ˈ ጟ ᖲᣂࡡٚࠃ೭ໍ ˇ˄ ጟऄࡳ࠹ಜࠃ೭Δࠡ塒 ˉˇ ጟቤچֱऱ۞एࠃ೭Ζʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ٦ृΔ៱چֱඒߛ۩ਙऄࡳΔՂ్ۯڶኙՀ్ၞ۩ਐᖄΕ৬ߢΕᣠܫհ ᦞԺΰ៱ऄร ˇˋ යαΔڇଥإ৵ᠾᆙࡳΔᄅᏺԱԫଡψױωڗΔז।Ղ్ױ۩ࠌ Ղ૪ᦞԺΔٍױլࠌشΖ؆៱ऄร ˇˌ යࡳΔԲ్ऱຟሐࢌᗼፂԿ్᮫ؑޘ مᖂீऱԫીᒤΔڶഗᄷࠀᆖࠡ࿇ؒऱᖂீጥঞച۩Ζڇچֱ։ᦞऱං೯ ՀΔܔೈᇠය֮Δ᮫ؑޘඒࡡᄎվ৵ױڇچֱ᧯ࢤऱەၦՀΔດޡᓳᖞᖂீጥ ঞΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᆖطՂ૪۩ਙൻਜᓳᖞΔֲءխ؇ࡉچֱऱᣂএດዬ۞אऱՂՀΕൕᣂএ ཛٽ܂Ε࠰ܗᣂএዝ᧢Ζೈॺچֱऱ۩ਙ܂ڶࣔ᧩լᔞᅝΔՂ్ױא࿇נψᣠܫωΔ ᖄإࢨխַᇠᄐ೭؆Δԫ۩ਙ܂ႊऺऄࡳᆠঞΔڇֆإຘࣔհՀၞ۩ਐق ࡉᅮΖ؆ൕޏխٍױא࿇ΔՂ్ऱ۩ਙᑓڤዬڶط٣ছऱψਐᖄীω᠏ٻ ψࠃ৵ᅮীω۩ਙᑓڤऱዝ᧢ΖຘመኙՀ్ۯऱေᦸၞ۩࣠ᛀᢞΔࠀঅᎽ۩ ਙऱᔆΔຍᑌऱ᠏᧢լႛፂԱՂ్ۯᅮऱمΔՈױᨃچֱऱ۞ࢤ א࿇ཀΖʳ
ဓȃᏰਮՌݽϷ᠌८ޟଢ଼өᇄϷݙġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᄅ۞طᆠऱ࢚լႛᐙԱץܶඒߛ۩ਙڇփऱֲءਙࢌิ៣طխ؇ႃᦞ چֱ։ᦞၞ۩ޏΔء࠹ࠩᄕՕૻࠫऱᖂீ۞ᆖᛜᦞԺΔՈڇڼंޏհխڶ Աޏ᧢Ζ۞ ˄ˌˌˋ ڣֲءխ؇ඒߛᐉᤜᄎΔ༼נψᒔمᖂீऱ۞ࢤፖ۞৳ࢤωޏ ၲࡨ߱վΔڇᖂீᐋ్Ղբၞ۩Աԫߓ٨ऱޏΰؑضඕհፖմઔ܂Δ˅˃˃ˉαΖء֮אՀ౿᜔ֲء۞Ϥڣז߱վऱᖂீޏխΔڇআၞ۞एፖ։ᦞՂࢬᓳᖞࢨᄅ ᏺऱຝٝΔូאψᖂீޏऱᐋ૿ω֗ψᖂீएऱᑓڤωࠟႈࠀᎅࣔΕಘᓵհΖʳ
ΙȃᏰਮ८ޟቹ७ġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᖂீءۯጥΰ̆˶˻̂̂˿ˀ˵˴̆˸˷ʳ̀˴́˴˺˸̀˸́̇ʿʳ˦˕ˠαਢϤڣזฐ۩࣍ᑛભऱԫጟڇ ඒߛՂᆖطᦞԺՀ࣋Δലඒߛࠃ೭ऱެࡳٌطᖂீ۞۩ެࡳऱԫጟᆖᛜᑓڤΰܦ堚 ՞ፖམᛞ८Δ˄ˌˌˈΙࣥሸཕΔ˅˃˃˃αΖֲءऱᖂீޏڇං೯ऱழၴរՂإਢᑛભᖂ ீءۯጥ່ฐ۩ऱڣזΔڂڼ࠹ࠡᐙࠀլრ؆Ζ܀ࠡฝཬֲࠩء৵Δڇኔᔆփ ୲Ղڍ֟ڶࢬޏ᧢Ζ˦˕ˠ ऱփ୲ױא։ڇᖂீԫ۩ਙ܂Εᓰ࿓ፖඒᖂΕᖂீ ԳࠃΕቃጩՕ۞ᐋ૿ΰࣥሸཕΔ˅˃˃˃αΖڕאֲءԫߓ٨ऱᖂீޏ܂ኙᅃऱ ᇩΔױא࿇ֲءڇԫ۩ਙ܂ऱޏՂՕ࣍ᓰ࿓ፖඒᖂΙᓰ࿓ඒᖂऱޏԾՕ ࣍ᖂீԳࠃፖቃጩΖࠡխԳࠃࡉቃጩऱᦞૻឈྥս༳༽ڇඒࡡᄎ֫խΔ܀ᖂீٍᛧ Աຝٝऱ৬ᤜᦞΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ֲءऱᖂீڇԫ۩ਙ܂ऱޏڶ ˄ˁឩՕᖂீဪၦᦞΔ˅ˁൎ֏ீ९ऱᏆᖄᦞԺ ፖ ˆˁ৬مᖂீ࿇୶ۥΖאឩՕᖂீဪၦᦞࠐΔඒࡡᄎࢬࠫࡳऱᖂீጥঞ ڇچֱ։ᦞޏ৵ၞ۩ᠾᆙΔឩՕԱᖂீᆖᛜீ೭ऱᦞԺΖڇࠠ᧯ച۩ᐋ૿ՂΔࠏ ڕᖂீױא۞ެࡳٺᖂཚऱ۩ࠃΔᐘࢤࡳᖂཚፖ᧢ޓཚΙڇ৬مᖂீۥ ՂΔீ९ೈᏆᖄᖂீᆖᛜֱٻ؆Δլ܍Ꮑፖࢬڇچհࡺاյ೯Δٽچයٙ৬ مۥΖ؆ຝᇷᄭऱᾄٍࣹီൎ֏ᖂீ۞ᆖᛜऱԫଡֱऄΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇᓰ࿓ֱ૿Δ˄ˌˌˋ ڣمऱጵٽᖂழၴᎁਢױאᨃٺீ࿇ཀ໌ທԺፖ୶ ၲۥඒᖂऱԫႈޏΔڼ؆ࡸڶᐘࢤᓳᖞᓰழၴΕឩՕᙇଥᓰ࿓Εࠌش೫ඒޗ ᓰ࿓۞ޏΖڇ ˅˃˃ˇ ڣ֮ઝઊऱᓳխΔ٤ֲءኔਜᓰ࿓ޏऱຟሐࢌᗼඒࡡ ᄎբሒ ˋˉˁˊʸΔ᮫ۖؑޘᐋ్ऱඒࡡᄎঞڶ ˉˊˁ˅ʸኔਜᖂீᓰ࿓۞ޏΰض֮ႂΔ ˅˃˃ˉαΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ۟࣍ڇԳࠃፖቃጩֱ૿ΔԳࠃᦞਢچֱඒࡡᄎऱຂΔԳࠃฆ೯ऱഗᄷط รԲ్ऱຟሐࢌᗼمΖڇᠾᆙ৵ΔՈױᨃீ९ڇ࿇୶ᖂீۥऱঞՀΔಾኙீ փඒஃԳࠃऱᆜ༼ࠎრߠΰچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄร ˆˉΕˆˌ යαΖڼ؆ຝٝچֱቸ᧯ ۟ංנԱψᖂீඒஃֆၲጉᆤωऱֱூΔᨃԳࠃױאٽீ९ऱඒߛ࢚֗ᖂீऱ ᆖᛜֱಾΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇቃጩֱ૿Δխ՛ᖂீऱቃጩፖࠡה۩ਙᖲዌԫᑌΔઃᆜ࣍ԫᄎૠഗᄷհՀΔ ٺᖂீءࠐ༉ᣄڶ۞ဪၦᦞΔྥۖڇޏՕႨऱᦀࠌհՀΔֲءຝٝඒࡡᄎւ ᖂீܓشڕ ˄ˁʳ ״ၲቃጩᒳ፹ֆᦫᄎΔᦫ࠷ᖂீᏁΙ˅ˁᤂൻॺਐࡳشຜऱᆖ၄Ιˆˁ༼ױطீ९ဪၦࠌشհᆖ၄Ιˇˁറூᇖܗᖂீച۩ࡳඒᖂૠֱڤᨃᖂீڇऄ ऱᒤփᐘࢤሎشቃጩΰؑضඕհፖմઔ܂Δ˅˃˃ˉαΖʳ
ΠȃᏰਮݽ౩ޟԒġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ូᑛભኔਜ ˦˕ˠ ൣݮΔࠡᖂீएױא։ ˄ˁீ९൳ࠫᑓڤΕ˅ˁറᄐ൳ࠫᑓ ڤΔˆˁष൳ࠫᑓڤፖ ˇˁ݁ᘝ൳ࠫᑓڤጟΰࣥሸཕΔ˅˃˃˃αΖࢬᘯ൳ࠫᑓڤΔਐ ऱਢԫࢬᖂீڇኔਜءۯጥΕᦞԺՀ࣋հ৵Δࠡެு֨ࢬ࿇سऱೣฝွΖࠏ ڕറᄐ൳ࠫᑓڤז।ऱਢᖂீڇኔਜ ˦˕ˠ ৵Δඒஃڇᖂீࠃ೭Ղ࠷ለڶԺհ࿇ߢ چۯΔᇠீՕຝٝऱएਢطඒஃࠐެࡳΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ֲءᖂீޏڇएᑓڤՂ࿇سऱ᧢֏ΔڇழၴՂଈ٣༼נऱਢൎ֏ீ९Ꮖ ᖄ౨ԺऱޏΔ٦ࠐਢمீփऱᄎᤜΙ൷ထਢኔਜ༼ࠎீ९एீழ৬ߢऱψᖂ ீေᤜࠫ৫ωΔ່ۖ२ԫႈޏঞਢمԫଡۯၸ࣍ீ९Δຂᐉᤜீ९༼נऱ ீ೭ૠ່֗ึެऱψᖂீᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎʽˊ ωΖڇ։ᦞޏհছΔீ೭ऱ່৵ެृ ீ९ΔᙟထٺଡޏֱூឩՕඒஃΕ୮९۟ਢषԳՓऱፖᖲᄎհ৵Δீ९ ࡉܓ୭ᣂএृऱߡۥ։ᎾڶԱ᠏᧢ΔᖂீऱएףԵԱ۞एऱڂైΔࠡएᑓڤՈ ࿇س᧢֏ΖՕຝٝऱᖂீආ۩ऱீ९൳ࠫᑓڤឈྤᏣ௺᠏᧢Δ܀ڂߓ٨ޏऱං೯Δ ൎ֏Աீ९൳ࠫऱய࣠Ιຝٝᖂீऱएᑓڤٍڶቫᇢष൳ࠫ᧢ᔢऱွΖא Հ౿։ܑಘᓵඒᄎᤜΕᖂீေᤜ֗ᖂீᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎڇᖂீएՂऱޏ᧢Ζʳ ΰԫαඒᄎᤜΰ̆̇˴˹˹ʳ̀˸˸̇˼́˺Εֲ֮ጠψᄎᤜωαʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ٺ్ᖂீطீ९ΕඒᙰΕඒิګऱඒᄎᤜڇᖵՂء༉ژڇΔ ਢऄՂྤࣔᒔհᆜࡳΖࠡڇ ˅˃˃˃ ڣᖂீඒߛऄਜ۩าঞଥإ৵Δإڤऱ࠷ ऄऱچۯΰխ؇ඒߛᐉᤜᄎΔ˄ˌˌˋαΖᖂீඒߛऄਜ۩าঞร ˅ˆ යร ˅ ႈࡳΚψ՛ ᖂڇᆜृࢬࡳհՀΔࠌீ९౨Ⴝᄶച۩ࠡ೭ΔᆜඒᄎᤜωΖ൷ထΔٵ ऄร ˅ʳ ཱིխԾࡳΚψඒᄎᤜطீ९୬ωΖឈྥՂ૪ඒᄎᤜऱᆜࡳ٨ ࣍ψ՛ᖂωີᆏհփΔլመٺ్ඒࡡᄎՕીຘመᓳᖞᖂீጥঞΔᨃխΕխᖂ ၸຟڶඒᄎᤜΖʳ ඒᄎᤜऱۯၸࡉפ౨ڇऄଥإᅝॣམڶመՕ༏ऱಘᓵΔڶᎁඒᄎᤜհ ۯၸᚨ࣍ீ९Δᖑڶ່৵ऱެᦞृΰᤜެᖲᣂᓵαΕՈڶᎁඒᄎᤜᚨᇠਢ ீփऱรԫޡެۯΔૉீ९ᎁױࠡެΔঞ່৵طீ९່৵᜔ެΔૉܡΔঞ ಯڃૹᤜΙٍڶᎁඒᄎᤜਢ༼ࠎீ९एհەΰ᎖ܗᖲᣂᓵαΰဏޘࢉ㬔Δ ˅˃˃ˋαΖྥۖψඒᄎᤜ່ᤜެᖲᣂωऱ്ೈࣂᤛئऄΰᖂீඒߛऄαհࡳΚψீ९ீ೭Εᅮࢬ᥆ωΰร ˅ˋ යร ˆ ႈα؆Δא്ඒᄎᤜ ່ᤜެᖲᣂऱֲءඒஃቸ᧯ΰֲԳ១ጠֲඒิα৵ࠐՈଥإ്ࠡΔڂڼऄ ଥإ৵ΔඒᄎᤜڇएՂਢԫଡ༼ࠎீ९एீ৬ߢऱ᎖ܗᖲᣂΔீ९एऱ ൳ࠫᑓڤࠀྤڍՕޏ᧢Ζ܀ऄࠫ֏հ৵ऱඒᄎᤜٍ౨༼ࠎඒஃ࿇ߢ़ၴΔኙ࣍ ீփඒߛऱ۞एΔᖑڶൎ֏ऱய࣠Ζʳ ΰԲαᖂீေᤜʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ψᖂீေᤜωਢ ˅˃˃˃ ڣᖂீඒߛऄਜ۩าঞଥإழᄅᏺऱࠫ৫Δࠡࡉᄎ ᤜԫᑌΔઃ༼ࠎீ९एەհᖲᣂΖᇠऄร ˅ˆ යร ˆ ႈࡳΚψ՛ᖂڇᆜृ ࢬࡳհՀΔᆜᖂீေᤜωΖڇรԲཱིխԾࡳΚψᖂீေᤜΔᚨீ९հᓮΔ ױຫ૪ᣂ࣍ᖂீᛜሎհრߠωΖۖᖂீေᤜऱࠐᄭঞ࣍รԿཱིխڶࡳΔՕીՂਢ ᝮᓮኙඒߛڶറᄐࡉᢝߠऱ؆ԳՓΔᆖீ९ංΔطඒࡡᄎإڤٚࡎΖؾছֲء ऱխᖂΕխࡉඒᖂீٍױᖂீေᤜΔڇ ˅˃˃ˉ ڣऱᓳխΔ٤ֲءբڶ ˋ˅ˁˆʸ ऱֆمᖂீمᇠࠫ৫ΰ֮ຝઝᖂઊΔ˅˃˃ˉαΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᖂீေᤜࠫ৫ऱૠਢᨃࠡ܂֘ਠ୮९ࢨषრߠऱጥሐΔٵழٍױ ຘመᖂீေᤜञ࠷षᇷᄭኙᖂீऱᾄࣹΖਢਚΔࠉࡳࠡԳᙇױאࠐ۞୮९Ε षᣂ֨ඒߛऱԳՓࢨषඒቸ᧯ΰ֮ຝઝᖂઊΔ˅˃˃ˇαΙۖࠡ֘ਠऱփ୲Օڍᑇਢ ᣂ࣍ᖂீፖषյܗΕᖂீऱഗءؾᑑΕඒߛֱಾ֗ᖂீေᦸࠃࡵΖՕຝٝऱֆ مᖂீޢڣ״ၲ ˅ˀˆ ڻᄎᤜᦫ࠷ᖂீေᤜհრߠΔۖඒஃࡉ୮९ऱრߠՈױאຘመ ࠡזႚሒΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ط࣍ᖂீေᤜԫᣊۿᖂீऱψംωΔਢܡᦫ࠷ംऱრߠΔᦫୌֱ૿ऱ რߠΰᇩᠲࡳᦞα݁طீ९ެࡳΔڂڼսਢࡳۯீ९ऱ᎖ܗߡۥΖڇᖂீए ՂΔᖂீေᤜऱᆜࠀྤޏ᧢ڶऱீ९൳ࠫᑓڤΔ܀א۞एऱᨠរࠐΔԱ ֧ၞष؆ຝᇷᄭΔءࠫ৫ऱૠؚၲԱᖂீࡉ؆ຝऱᄮຏጥሐΔீ९ڇᘬᇬհ խࢬᦫ࠷ऱრߠլ٦٤طඒஃࢨ୮९ࠐ।ሒΔᝫףԵԱ؆ऱᜢଃΔڼࠫ৫Ոױီ ᙟ৵ኔਜհᖂீᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎऱছᖄૠΖʳ ΰԿαᖂீᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎΰֲԳጠ ˶̂̀̀̈́˼̇̌ʳ̆˶˻̂̂˿αʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᖂீᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎऱऄᄭਢڇ ˅˃˃ˇ ڣچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄଥૡழڇร ˇˊ යร ˈ ႈࢬᄅ ᏺऱࠫ৫Ζᇠऄᦞچֱඒࡡᄎਐࡳࢨ࠷ᖂீᆜᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎΔ࠰ᤜᄎࡡऱ ขسࠐ۞ᖂீࢬڇषऱࡺاΕᖂس୮९ࢨࠡהඒߛࡡᄎᎁױऱԳՓΔࠀطඒߛ ࡡᄎٚࡎΖڶᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎऱᖂீΔࠡீ९ࢬऱீ೭ഗءֱಾΕᖂீᆖᛜૠΕ
ᓰ࿓ૠઃᏁᆖመᇠᄎऱ່৵ࢭᎁֱױച۩Δऄࡸࡳ࠰ᤜᄎࡡኙᇠீऱඒ ٚ܍ڶ৬ᤜᦞΔඒࡡᄎঞՂᚨ༇ૹࠡრߠΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇሎ܂ֱ૿Δᖂீᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎႛڇՕጼՂၞ۩ࢭᎁऱ֫ᥛΔֲൄீ೭ऱᆖᛜս ᥆ீ९ᦞຂΔഄ࠰ᤜᄎऱۯၸ࣍ீ९Δࠡױ֘ਠᖂீऱ۞एឩՕ۟ீ९֗ඒ א؆ऱषࡡΕᖂீएᑓڤՈขسष൳ࠫऱۥΔࢨᎅਢீ९एؘႊەᐞ षऱრٻΔא֗ኙ؆ຝၞ۩ᎅࣔΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ྥۖΔᖂீᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎऱࠫ৫ս᥆ᄅΔ౨ܡཏ֗ࠀ࿇ཀࠡפ౨սီچֱඒࡡ ᄎऱ֭ፖܡۖࡳΖڼ؆լٵऱچֱ۞एቸ᧯ᚵࡳऱᖂீᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎঞլٵΔࠏ ڕኙࡡऱขسֱڤΕԳᑇΕٚཚፖ౨ܡᖑڶԳࠃ৬ᤜᦞઃڶլٵհࡳΔඒࡡ ᄎڇࠡᝤփਐࡳᖂீᆜᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎऱீᑇՈီࠡۖڶฆΖᖞ᧯ࠐᎅΔڇ ˅˃˃ˇˀ˅˃˃ˉ ڣऱԿڣၴΔץܶբࡉᄷໂխऱᖂீΔ٤ֲء ˆˆˌ ࢬΔ։ཋڇٺᗼΔ ႛ۾٤ഏ᜔ீᑇֺࠏլࠩ ˃ˁˈʸΰ֮ຝઝᖂઊΔ˅˃˃ˉαΖࡉᖂீေᤜऱᆜሒࠩԶګ ڍઌለΔڼԫᄅࠫآ౨߰ຒං୶հڂΔࠏڕᄅएᑓڤፖႚอᖂீᆖᛜิ៣ऱᓢડΕ ࡡऱറᄐवᢝፖᐉᤜփ୲ംᠲଖԵ൶ಘΖʳ
ӂȃРҏఀىࢇڙ࡙ᙽᡐᇄ८ཱིᄇרޟంҰġ
ኙᅃֲءඒߛ۞एࡉ։ᦞऱ࿇୶ፖᖂீᆖᛜޏױא࿇Δݺഏࡉֲءڇઌᣂ ऱޏՂΔࡐྥڂլٵऱᖵહནࡉඒߛऱ࿇୶౧ۖڶࢬฆΔ܀२ڣං۩ᖂீ ۞ᆖᛜޏऱ೯ٻঞԫીΖ٦ၞԫޡ։࣫ݮګࠟഏޏֱٻऱ٥ຏڂైΔױא ࿇ڇඒߛऱا֏Εᄅ۞طᆠऱᐙΕഏاኙඒߛᦞऱყףૹီፖඒߛፖऱ ኪ৫༼Δᚨਢআګڼԫंޏऱ٥ڂΖጵٽՂ૪ֲءூࠏհေ࣫Δء֮ᖞנ אՀױࠎಘᓵհᑇរΔ܂ݺഏڇඒߛ࿇୶ՂհඔقΖΙȃีࢲᇄݲೣڙ࡙ޟ৯ġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ֲءڶᣂඒߛ۞एࡉ։ᦞऱං୶Δᆖء֮Ղ૪ΔױאូڇழၴរՂ։ψန ॕཚωΕψႃᦞཚωፖψᑷཚωԿଡၸΖኙᅃݺഏඒߛ۞एࡉ։ᦞ࿇୶אᇞᣤΕ چֱࠫ৫ऄࠫࡳΕඒߛޏऱᑣཚΰ׆ᣝႆΔ˅˃˃ˊα܂ሶΔױא࿇ֲءऱ ছࠟଡၸڂਙएՂऱا֏࿇୶ለڰऱڂైΔࢬ࿇سཚၴለݺഏ٣ΙรԿၸ ऱ࿇سঞٵ࠹٤֏ፖᑛભඒޏᑪੌऱᐙΖኙֲءࠐᎅΔٺၸհၴऱ᠏ངࠀ ྤᖵᆖᏣ௺ऱਙए೯ᘒΔࠡመ࿓ለؓࡉΙۖݺഏڇᇞᣤհ৵षᄎ৺ຒऱا֏Δඒߛऱ࿇୶ࡉٺႈޏאଆݶऱຒ৫ංၞΔਢለլٵऱહནΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ڇऄᒤֱ૿Δֲء۩ڶᣂඒߛ۞ए։ᦞऱऄೈᖆऄ؆Δᝫڶඒߛഗء ऄΕچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄΕچֱ۞एऄΕᖂீඒߛऄא֗ٺ۞एቸ᧯ࠫࡳऱᖂீጥ ঞΙݺഏऱઌᣂऄঞڶඒߛഗءऄΕچֱࠫ৫ऄΕഏاඒߛऄፖඒߛᆖ၄ᒳ٨ ፖጥऄΰஊ࣐ߊΔ˅˃˃ˋαΖኙᅃऄऱۯၸࡉࢤᔆࠐΔֲءᒤඒࡡᄎፖᖂீ࠰ᤜ ᄎิ៣ऱچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄΔᨃඒߛ۩ਙऱऄࠉᖕઌኙࢤለΔᖂீ۞։ᦞऱ ኔਜ֮ࣔ٨ԵऄփΔࠡۯၸٍለٺጟאࡎח࿇ؒऱޏֱூΖڇࠫ৫ֱ૿Δ ֲءඒߛ۩ਙऱࠫ৫Կ్ࠫΔݺഏڇ壄ઊհ৵ګኔᔆऱխ؇ፖچֱԲ్ࠫΔ ױवֲءऱࠫ৫ڇሎ܂ՂለᓤᠧΔ܀Կ్ඒࡡᄎڇ։ᦞޏ৵֘ۖ౨ࠉچֱۥ ڇ۩ਙՂ܂ᐘࢤᓳᖞΖآࠐݺഏڇᆵኔඒߛ۞ए։ᦞፖ֏ᖂீءۯጥழΔऄࠫ ֏ऱՠ܂լױᝩ܍Δඒߛܓ୭ᣂএृऱፖګٝՈᏁࣔૡאޣႉܓሎ܂Ζ
Πȃఀىݽ౩౩܈ᇄᄂޟဣ৯ġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ඒߛψطᓴࠐएωࢨψطᓴࠐอएωΛඒߛएᐙऱਢڇ۞एፖ։ᦞऱኔ ਜՂΔ౨ܡᨃඒߛऱܓ୭ᣂএृᆖطڶრᆠፖኔᔆऱፖΔ༼֒ءཚৱऱඒߛ ᔆΖڇψխ؇ፖچֱ݁ᦞωऱݺഏΔิ៣ዌክאᖫࣤणઝᐋิ៣ਮዌΔڇए ृՂΔݺഏऱඒߛຝ९Օڍਢᖑڶඒߛહནऱਙ೭ࡴΙچֱٺᗼؑऱඒߛݝ९ೈ ່२ڂچֱࠫ৫ऄऱֆؒΔᗼؑଈ९ױאᖲਙएٚࡎ؆Δԫઃᙅֆ೭Գٚ شᇷขسΖጵٽࠐΔݺഏඒߛएऱۥױאشψઝᐋ᧯ࠫωፖψറ୮एω ࠐז।Ζʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ֲۖءऱउਢ֮ઝઊऱՕԫطഏᄎᤜଫٚΔԯਙएٚࡎΙچֱऱඒࡡ ᄎࡡឈኙඒߛਙၞ۩ެΔኔᎾሎ܂ٌطറ୮ऱඒߛ९ࡉࠃ೭ݝΔ܀ඒ ߛ९ऱٚࡎᏁᆖଈ९ऱං֗ᤜᄎऱٵრΔڂڼඒߛ९ԫլ܀ਢਙएٚࡎٍ࠹ا რհᅮΖڇᖂீᐋ్Δኔਜᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎऱᖂீΔࠡீ९ऱएீֱಾᏁ࠹࠰ᤜᄎு ױΔࠡएᑓڤױאਢष൳ࠫΔՈױאਢറ୮ΰீ९αፖైԳऱ։ࠆᑓڤΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ྥۖΔਙए൳ࠫऱएᑓڤឈྥ౨֘ᚨඒߛᦞऱᖑڶृࠆڶፖඒߛࠃ೭ެ ऱᦞԺΔ܀ࠡ౨ܡࠠໂߩജऱ౨Ժڂᚨֲᓤᠧऱඒߛᄐ೭Εڇᄎᤜխऱ࿇ߢ౨ܡ ࠠڶז।ࢤઃژጊംΔֲءऱඒࡡᄎګඒߛ९ਜਙऱહᖲᣂΕᖂீᛜሎ࠰ ᤜᄎګಘᓵጅᅷൊ೭ऱิ៣Δኙᅃݺഏऱඒߛ۩ਙԳࠠໂඒߛહནऱֺࠏດዬ ྇֟Δڶཏຏ۩ਙ֏հွΕٺᗼؑඒߛᐉᤜᄎऱפ౨լ്ΰஊ࣐ߊΔ2008αΔ ඒߛएೈڶუፖኔऱ၏؆Δެዌऱࡳΰܓ୭ᣂএृਢႛፖᝫਢၞ Եு֨αംᠲଖחԳઊ৸Ζآࠐݺഏࡵڇ۩ࠫ৫ՂΔᛀಘඒߛݝፖඒߛᐉᤜᄎऱפ౨֗ࡳۯΕڇඒߛ۩ਙԳऱٚشՂڃូඒߛറᄐऱޣΔᨃඒߛऱएፖ ۞ए։ᦞ౨࠷ؓᘝ᧯Δא༼֒࠹ཚৱऱඒߛᔆΖ
έȃᏰਮ᠌Ψ๖ᄺޟᙽᡐġ
ං۩ඒߛऱ۞एፖ։ᦞΔೈڇඒߛ۩ਙิ៣Ղࠐਮዌࡉפ౨ऱ᠏ང؆Δ֧ၞ ܓ୭ᣂএृऱፖΔٍᖄીᖂீᦞԺዌऱૹิࡉิ៣ᖲ౨ऱ᠏᧢Ζطֲءऱூࠏ ᨠհΔڇਝڶऱጥၸᐋՂΔீ९ਢ່ऱு֨Δࠡڻਢ೫ீ९ࢨඒᙰΔඒஃ ፖ୮९ঞլࠠެچۯΖ܀ڇᖂீ۞ए։ᦞޏհ৵ΔඒஃױאڇඒᄎᤜՂ࿇ ᜢΔࢨಜᖂீေᤜႚሒΔڇڶᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎऱᖂீࡸױאຘመ࠰ᤜᄎࡡ।ሒΙ ୮९ऱߡۥΔೈܓشאऱ ˣ˧˔ΰᘣஃ࠰ᄎα᎖ܗᖂீᆖᛜհ؆Δຘመᖜٚᖂீေ ᤜࢨ࠰ᤜᄎࡡΔޓױឩՕኙᖂீࠃ೭࿇ߢᦞԺΖ؆Δא౨אᖂس୮९ߪ ٝթױᣂ֨ᖂீࠃ೭ऱषԳՓΔޓױܓشᖂீေᤜࢨ࠰ᤜᄎࡡ࠷ኙᖂீ ٽऄऱ৬ߢᦞΔإڤ܂ܓ୭ᣂএृऱԫٝΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᖂீᦞԺዌطאऱٻ֭᠏ۖګڍցፖյ೯ऱᣂএΔࠡإ૿ܗ墿ೈൎ ᓳඒߛᦞऱ։ࠆፖ۞एΕ۞ެࡳΔא֗ױܓشԳԺΕषᇷᄭ৬مᆖᛜۥ؆Δ ࡸᚨࣹრࠏڕඒஃࡉ୮९ΕषԳՓࡉඒஃઌյհၴܓ墿ऱᓢડΔא֗ॺ᥆ඒߛᐋ ૿ऱլᅝտԵΖࠡխ່ଖ൶ಘऱਢլژڇݺഏऱψषԳՓፖωԫႈΔڕ۶ᙇ ࠷ኙඒߛࠠڶᑷݵΕറᄐહནवᢝא֗౨༼ࠎᖂீ᠆༄ᇷᄭऱषԳՓࡡΔਢࠡ ԫՕਗᖏΔ܀ૉࢬٚࡎऱࡡრቹᆖطፖᖂீࠃ೭Δאᛧ࠷ଡԳᠰ؆ܓ墿Δঞᄎ ທګᖂீᆖᛜՂऱٲᖲΖʳ ʳ ʳ ݺഏאڇၞ۩ᖂீ۩ਙޏழΔࢬࣹૹऱਢඒஃᦞ墿ऱঅᎽፖ୮९ፖߡۥ ऱ༼֒Δឈྥመ࿓խທګᖂீᦞԺዌ᠏᧢ऱᓢᚰΔ܀Ոᇢထڇ۩ਙΕඒஃፖ୮९ ऱյ೯ၴ࠷ؓᘝΖഄվֲڇ৬مᖂீᙄᖂۥऱ࿇୶հՀΔڕ౨ٽषᅝچය ٙΔࠀ࠷֭Δঞޓڶܗ࣍ᖂீۥऱݮګΖڂڼآࠐڇषԳՓፖᖂீࠃ೭ ሎ܂ֱ૿ΔଖݔΔאᝩ܍ขسՂ૪ኤጤΖʳѲȃఀىਝݎौԃդᡛᜌġ
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ඒߛ۞एࡉ։ᦞឈየߩԱඒޏᑪੌࡉاፖऱ৸ᑪΔྥۖࠩᦞԺऱԫֱ ༼֒Δࢨृ۟֟অᎽᆖᛜऱᔆΙፖᦞԺऱԫֱڕ۶ᛀᢞ։ᦞऱګ࣠ψړω թਢംᠲऱு֨Ζאᖂீߡ৫ࠐΔᖂீڇᛧԱءڶऱ۞ᦞழΔਢܡᖜ֨ ڼ৵Ꮑᗑ۞ᖜᆖᛜհګඓΔച۩ขسܺᣄழױܡٻءऱਐᖄृѧՂ్ᓮޣਬጟݮڤऱ࠰ܗΛʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ؾছֲءऱֱڤਢ៶ᇷಛऱֆၲࡉൎ֏ᎅࣔຂٚࠐᛀီඒߛऱய࣠Δُࠡᅃ᠔ ᛭Ղψܫवٵრΰ˼́˹̂̅̀˸˷ʳ ˶̂́̆˸́̇αωऱֱڤΔٍܛڇኙఐ൛ए᛭հছΔ٣堚ᄑᎅࣔ ఐणΕए᛭ऱٲᙠࢤፖګפए័ऱᖲΔਢԫጟഗ࣍ఐ൛۞ΰ̃˴̇˼˸́̇ʳ˴̈̇̂́̂̀̌α ঞᙇᖗए᛭ֱऄऱֱڤΰ႕സᕬΔ˄ˌˌˌΙ˘ˀ̀˸˷˼˶˼́˸ʳ ˻˸˴˿̇˻ʳ ˸˷ˁʿʳ ˅˃˃ˌαΖڇඒߛՂऱ ኔᎾሎشঞਢඒߛࡡᄎڇᤜᄎኙԳاᎅࣔᆖᛜऱणउΕீ९ലᖂீऱڣ৫ؾᑑኙ ܓ୭ᣂএृ܂ᎅࣔΔڇ࠷ٵრհ৵Δ٦୶ၲඒߛ೯ΔڼڇࠃছऱᎅࣔΖڇࠃ ৵ΔֲءঞຘመኔਜေᦸΔࠀᖕאኙ؆ֆؒګ࣠Ζʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ᅝྥֲءऱ֮ઝઊኙچֱඒࡡᄎΔچֱඒࡡᄎኙᖂீᝫڶڍױאআࠌࠡψ࿇ཀ ய࣠ωऱֱऄΔࠏڕຘመᆖ၄ऱᇖܗΔਐᖄፖᣠܫऱሎشΖྥԳኙ࣍࣠ᔆ ऱޣΔբࠌඒߛՂऱ۞ए։ᦞขسլױಭऱ᠏᧢Δڼ᠏᧢ٍࠩਙएԺၦऱ֭Δ چֱࡉᖂீྤऄ٦ڂ᥈ຂۖ፷ߩլছΔࢨਢ೯ऱലࠩऱဪၦᦞ٦ψࡡಜω ڃՂ్Ζઌ֘ऱΔڇᤁञፖᙇᖗཆऱழזΔஞנױᛀᢞऱ࣠թਢᆖᛜऱߜ ֱΖʳ
ചȃ๖፣ġ
ʳ ʳ ᆖطء֮אՂኙֲءඒߛ۞एፖ։ᦞऱ࿇୶Δא֗ڇᖂீᆖᛜޏऱᓵ૪խױ א࿇Δֲءऱඒߛ۞एፖ։ᦞऱ࿇୶ၸՂΔឈᖵᆖլٵऱழཚऱ࿇୶Δྥࠡኙ ᖂፖاრኙ۞एፖ։ᦞऱᓵञࢨޣࠀآೖᄢΖֲԳኙঞऱഒංࡳএط ࣍ኙᖏඓऱ֘ઊ֗ᖏ৵ඒߛࠫ৫ऱૠΔࠌࠡڇψᓴᖑڶඒߛᦞωऱᤜᠲՂԫऴ ֘ऱၞ۩৸ፖᓵञࢬીΖڼહན߉אچֱඒࡡᄎءএঅᎽԳاऱඒߛፖ ֗ඒߛխمլ࠹ਙएե௫ۖΔڂڼኙඒߛ۞एऱ൶ಘՈᥛԱ२ ˉ˃ ڣڶ塒Ζڰཚ ։ᦞሎ೯ࡸآං୶ழΔբڶ壆ڕᖂீ۞एᓵऱ༼נፖ៶طኙඒࡡᄎኔਜอԫᖂྒྷհ ္ࠐ֧ᢞψլࣚլᅝհ֭ωհࠃऎΙ່ۖ२Δچֱඒߛፖᖂீऱ۞एΔ ٦৫ڂ։ᦞޏۖ࠹ࠩૹီΖʳ ʳ ʳ ᘝ壆։ᦞޏছऱ۞एޣএഗ࣍අๅࡴቛอࠫऱޔᗻΔۖᑷཚऱޏঞܶ ڶ۞طፖ࠱။ऱழזᏝଖΖԳኙ࣍ඒߛ౨ܡഛߛڇ٤ᆖᛎՀऱᔞࢤԳթڶ৺֊ ऱཚඨΔ៶طඒߛऱፖᦞԺࠐ।ሒཚৱऱऄঞਢٺഏԫીऱΖطભഏ ˄ˌˋˆ ڣψ˔ʳ ́˴̇˼̂́ʳ˴̇ʳ̅˼̆˾ωܫ࿇।հ৵ၞ۩ऱޏΕֲء ˅˃˃˃ ڣၞ۩ऱچֱ։ᦞޏΕݺഏ ࣍ϤڣזأཚၲࡨऱඒߛᠾᆙፖޏࠐΔઃױ࿇ኙψඒߛᦞωऱࡳᆠڇழ זऱංၞՀ٦৫࠹ࠩ᧷ؾΖʳʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ഄ։ᦞޏհ৵ࢬ࿇سऱΔਢԫଡඒߛߓอΕᦞԺਮዌऱ٦։ွΔڇᄅඒ ߛࠢΰ̃˴̅˴˷˼˺̀αݮګא۟ݙګհၴΔᏁழၴऱᇢᎄፖިᖸΰ˙̂̊˿˸̅Δ˅˃˃ˋαΖਝ ڶࡴቛᖲ౨ऱ᠏ীΕ۞ए։ᦞࠃႈऄࠫ֏ऱᓳᖞΕറᄐԳՓ౨Ժऱ༼֒Ε٦ףՂڂ ਙएԺၦፖؑᖄીऱᓢᚰΔլႛඒߛߓอءߪΔඒߛ۩ਙᖲዌΕᖂீፖܓ୭ ᣂএृຟᇢቹڇՀ༈ޣؓᘝΖޏֱூऱګඓፖඒߛߓอऱੌ೯ࡐྥڇਬֱ ૿ࢵીޅܒΔ܀ٵழՈਢڇ໌ທԫଡᄅऱৈᖲΖʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ࠃኔՂֲء२ཚڇඒߛ۞ए։ᦞऱޏՀΔڶޓڍቫᇢፖาຝऱᓳᖞΔլٵچ ֱቸ᧯ࢬၞ۩ऱඒޏኔ᧭ޓਢྱᅓየؾΖഗ࣍ᒧ༏ࢬૻΔء֮ေۯၸለΔࠠՕ ֱٻࢤऱޏֱூΖྥᛀီֲءᘋದ࣍ٺၸΕٺچऱޏᑪੌΔլإਢٱᢞԱ ࠡඒޏऱ։ࣴΕڍցፖսآࡳऱणΛ۞एፖ։ᦞࢨਢᅝվழזၸࢤऱ ޣΔآࠐऱඒߛԾᄎ૿ᜯᄅऱਗᖏΔڇຍհՀΔኙֲءඒޏᥛऱᣂࣹፖኙ۞ալ ឰऱઊ৸ΔۿթਢڇՕᛩቼ౧೯հՀ౨ፖழଟၞऱཕृΖʳ
ՃМᝦġ
׆ᣝႆΰ˅˃˃ˊαΖچֱඒߛएᑓڤ։࣫ΖඒߛਙᓵᕽΔ˄˃ ࠴ ˄ ཚΔ˄ˋˌˀ˅˅ˋ Ζʳ ۩ਙೃඒߛޏᐉᤜࡡᄎΰ˄ˌˌˉαΖඒߛޏ᜔ᘬᤜܫΖקؑˍʳ ܂ृΖʳ ܦ堚՞ፖམᛞ८ΰ˄ˌˌˈαΖᖂீءۯጥΖඒߛᇷறፖઔߒΔˇ ཚΔˉˇ Ζʳ ࣥሸཕΰ˅˃˃˃αΖፕקؑഏا՛ᖂኔਜᖂீءۯጥፖඒஃՠ܂የრᣂএհઔߒΖፕ קؑمஃᒤᖂೃഏاඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΖʳ ஊ࣐ߊΰ˅˃˃ˋαΖፕඒߛޏΕچֱ۞एፖഏاխ՛ᖂ۩ਙᣂএհ൶ߒΖඒߛ۩ਙ ፖေᦸᖂעΔรնཚΔˈˈˀˊˇ Ζʳ խ؇ඒߛᐉᤜ㢸ΰ1998αΖխ؇ඒߛᐉᤜ㢸عψվ৵圸چֱඒߛ۩ਙ圸ڇ坔ֱ圵圮 圎地ωΖ 2009 ڣ 12 ִ 01 ֲΔ࠷۞Κhttp://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/ chukyo/chukyo3/017/siryo/04060301/005/002.htm#top ֮ຝઝ䝤ઊΰ˅˃˃ˇαΖֆم䝤ீ圵圔圛坕䝤ீေ㧗圸㨗ਜ㦮उ֗圽䝤ீေᤜ圸ᆜ 㦮उΖ֮ຝઝ䝤㢔Δˇˉ 㢆ΖࣟࠇຟΚ܂ृΖʳ ֮ຝઝ䝤ઊΰ˅˃˃ˉαΖֆم䝤ீ圵圔圛坕䝤ீጟܑ䝤ீေᤜ圔坒圽ᣊۿࠫ৫圸ᆜ 㦮उΖ2009 ڣ 12 ִ 01 ֲΔ࠷۞Κhttp://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/19 /03/07032712 /001/003.pdf ֵضݛΰ˄ˌˋˆαΖඒߛ۩ਙऄᄅठΖࣟࠇຟΚߜཏ֗㢸Ζʳ ؑضඕհፖմઔ܂ΰ˅˃˃ˉαΖඒߛ۩ਙ圸壆ᏆΚ䝤ீ㷣䧫Ζሉ࣍ࣾມࡉ堚ᒳΚඒߛ۩ਙ䝤Ζˈˇˀˉˇ ΖࠇຟࢌΚ垠垎垬垵坢ࢪΖʳ ޜᇨଥΰ˅˃˃ˉ˴αΖۏ㧺ඒߛࠌᆏ㣒ܫμรԫڻνڱΖ˅˃˃ˊ ڣ৫ठؘ 㿽䝤ீ՛քऄΔˈˌˈˀˈˌˉ ΖࣟࠇຟΚ࠰ٵנठΖʳ ޜᇨଥΰ˅˃˃ˉ˵αΖඒߛחΖ˅˃˃ˊ ڣ৫ठؘ㿽䝤ீ՛քऄΔˌˇˀˌˈ ΖࣟࠇຟΚ ࠰ٵנठΖʳ ࡽءኧΰ˅˃˃ˌαΖඒߛ۩ਙ圸ࠫ৫Ζሉ࣍ࡽءኧ֗۸۸ֵᒳΚᄅ圡圎ழז圸ඒߛࠫ ৫圲㷣䧫Ε˄˅ˉˀ˄ˇˊ ΖࠇຟࢌΚ垠垎 垵坢ࢪΖʳ ܌ߊΰ˅˃˃ˌαΖඒߛࡡ㢸ࠫ৫圸䭽৵ ˉ˃ ڣЁऄࠫ坜խ֨圵ЁΖሉֲ࣍ء䝤ீඒ ߛ䝤㢸ᒳΚᇷறᇞᎅѧ䝤ீඒߛ圸䅙垸㦮垸ᓰᠲΔ˄˃ˋˀ˄˅ˉ ΖࣟࠇຟΚඒ ߛၲ䷦ઔߒࢬΖʳ ဏޘࢉ㬔ΰ˅˃˃ˋαΖ坎土圡圎ඒߛऄ圸儧坉ֱΖࣟࠇຟΚඒߛၲ䷦ઔߒࢬΖʳ ႕സᕬΰ˄ˌˌˌαΖඒߛ۩ਙ䝤ΖࣟࠇຟΚࡿंࢋΖʳ ض֮ႂΰ˅˃˃ˉαΖᄅ圡圎ඒߛ۩ਙΖ۞م圲٥س圸ष㢸坜ؾਐ圡地ΖࣟࠇຟΚ團坑 圐圥圎Ζʳ
E-medicine health ed. (2009). Informed consent. Retrieved Dec 21, 2009, from: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/informed_consent/article_em.htm.
Fowler, F. C. (2008). Policy studies for educational leaders: An introduction, 3rd. NJ: Person Education.
Rotberg, I. C. ed. (2004). Balancing change and tradition in global education reform,
Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Education.
ߣຝġ
ု ˄Κᒤඒߛࡡᄎऱิ៣ፖ೭ऴ൷ऱऄ৳ඒߛࡡᄎऄΔࠡ ˄ˌˇˋ ڣΰਟ ࡉ ˅ˆ ڣαࠫࡳΔᖵᆖ ˄ˋ ڻଥࡳ৵࣍ ˄ˌˈˉ ڣΰਟࡉ ˆ˄αᐒೈΖࠡ৵Δޏطچ ֱඒߛ۩ਙऄᒤඒߛࡡᄎհิ៣Ζʳ ု ˅Κچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄֲ֮ψچֱඒߛ۩ਙ圸ิ៣֗圽ሎ䧫圵䈅圣坕ऄ৳ωΖࠡࠫ ࡳऱહནದڂ࣍ᅝழਙ᤻ञፖඒߛࡡᄎֆᙇࠫ৫ኔਜመ࿓ऱ؈Δޣ ଫუፖኔΔࠀঅඒߛऱڜࡳፖխمࢤΔۖᐒೈඒߛࡡᄎऄΔࠫࡳ ᇠऄΖᇠऄࠫࡳհ৵Δֲءඒߛऱխ؇ႃᦞ᧯ࠫᥛ२ ˈ˃ ڣΔऴ۟ ˅˃˃ˇ ڣଥ ऄᆵኔᦞԺՀ࣋հ৵ࡨڶ᠏᧢Ζᇠऄټጠխᚨψᣂ࣍چֱඒߛ۩ਙհ ิ៣ፖᛜሎհऄ৳ωΔء֮ەᐞഏԳشհክΔچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄΖʳု ˆΚچֱඒߛࡡᄎऱᦞࠉچֱඒߛ۩ਙऄร ˅ˆ යհࡳΔՕીץܶڶΰ˄αᖂ ீඒߛઌᣂࠃ೭Εΰ˅αषᄎඒߛࠃ೭Εΰˆα֮֏ࠃ೭֗ΰˇα᧯ߛઌᣂࠃ೭ ႈؾհጥΔۖچֱଈ९ऱඒߛᦞঞڶΰ˄αՕᖂհጥΕΰ˅αߏمᖂீհ ጥΕΰˆαඒߛತขऱ࠷ፖ։ΕΰˇαૡمৈપΕ֗ΰˈαඒߛቃጩऱച۩ ᦞΰဏޘࢉ৯Δ˅˃˃ˋΙض֮ႂΔ˅˃˃ˉαΖʳ ု ˇΚ֮ຝઊֲءጥ֮ඒ۩ਙհխ؇ຝᄎΖֲء۞ᖏ৵৬مᄅਙࢌ᧯ࠫאࠐΔط ࡴቛᖄऱഏ୮ਙڂ९ཚ࠹ࠩاၴऱᔆጊΔᖄી ˅˃˃˄ ڣᖯءփᎹ៶ᖞࠓխ ؇ຝᄎิ៣հመ࿓Δڇٺຝᄎփຝᏺᑇۯطਙएٚࡎΰഏᄎᤜଫٚαऱ Δၞ۩ല۩ਙ᧯ߓطࡴቛਐᖄ᠏ীਙएᖄऱ۩ਙޏΖࠉڼΔ֮ຝ ઊΕઝᖂݾᨚࡉ֮֏ᨚڇ ˅˃˃˄ ڣٽࠓΔޏጠ֮ຝઝᖂઊΖ֮ຝઊፖ֮ઝઊ հڗᆠฆΔೈ।قᖞࠓऱழၴរ؆ΔڇएՂٍז।ޏছ৵լٵऱᦞԺ ਮዌፖެ᧯ߓΖʳ ု ˈΚψඒᙰωֲءᖂீփԫጟ೭ᒳࠫΖࠉᖂீඒߛऄհࡳΔඒᙰএீ९່ ऱ᎖۸ृΔ᥆࣍ᖂீխၴጥၸᐋΖࠡࡳۯΚᝊܗீ९Εᖞீ೭֗ ࠝ࿙˂ᖂسඒߛհࠃ೭ΰᖂீඒߛऄร ˅ˋ යร ˇ ႈαΔૉீ९ሖࠃழזࠡ ೭Εீ९נழঞ۩ࠌࠡ೭ΰٵऄร ˅ˋ යร ˈ ႈαΖ۟࣍ࠡ೭փ୲Δឈࠉ լٵᖂீයٙΕᑓۖڶૉեฆΔՕીۖߢץܶԱᖂீٺႈࠃ೭ऱਐᖄ ֗ΔڕٺڤᄎᤜΕਐᖄඒஃऱඒᖂ֗ઔ೯Δא֗ਐᖄீփ᜔೭ ጥ֗ᄎૠࠃ೭Ζʳ ု ˉΚچֱ։ᦞԫਔऄऱֲ֮ټΚψچֱ։䊐圸ංၞ坜㤾坕圩坋圵䈅এऄ৳圸ᖞ ໂ圴圳圵䈅圣坕ऄ৳ωΖऴᚨΚψڶᣂᄷໂං۩چֱ։ᦞऱᣂຑऄ৳ᖞ ໂհऄ৳ωΔֲԳ១ጠچֱ։ᦞԫਔऄΖഗ࣍ᇠऄࡳΔ௫چֱ։ᦞࠃ ೭ऱઌᣂऄڶ ˇˊˈ ຝႊၞ۩ଥऄΰץ֮ܶඒ۩ਙհ ˅˄ ຝαΙᇠऄֆؒ৵ֲء ཛࣔૡഏ୮֗چֱ۞एቸ᧯ߡۥࡳۯΕᐒַᖲᣂࡡٚࠃ೭Εᛀಘഏ୮ኙچֱ ऱե௫Εං۩ᦞԺՀֱ࣋ٻၞ۩։ᦞޏΖʳ ု ˊΚᖂீᛜሎ࠰ᤜᄎΔֲ֮ټψ䝤ீሎ䧫࠰ᤜ㢸ωΔֲԳڶጠچሎ䧫䝤ீΔ ࢨאጠ ˶̂̀̀̈́˼̇̌ʳ̆˶˻̂̂˿ ृΔࡸڶᖂृאψԫীኪऱֆمᖂீω ᇭᤩΰ႕സᕬΔ˄ˌˌˌαΖࠡխ࠰ᤜᄎԫဲএֲ֮شΔრ৸൷२ψࡡᄎωΔ ۖࠌش ˶̂̀̀̈́˼̇̌ʳ̆˶˻̂̂˿ ԫဲএشא।ق࠰ᤜᄎਢطچࡺا֗୮९ࢬิګ հრΖʳ
