ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّăЯᑕඉர
ᄃᖚຽিሚ࠹ᙯّ̝ଣ
ᔁָटāᔁᛟᆇ
*āౘჅᔷ
**āᏂ㞞ҳ
***āՂāᏴ
**** ၡāࢋĈˠॾિላّߏдઉ͞ࢬѣቤᑅ˧үϡ۞ ˠॾপኳĂдઉ۞ᅳા̚૱జሤ̷ଣĂώࡁ տдଣჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّăЯᑕඉர ᖚຽিሚ۞࠹ᙯّĂͽᒢྋჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶ۞ ˠॾિላّĂ൴೭ѣड़۞ЯᑕඉரĂ֨ᖚຽি ሚĂซ҃೩᜕̿நᜪ۞ݡኳĄώࡁտଳ̶ᆸᐌ ፟٩ᇹڱĂ၆෪ࠎέΔξડાᗁੰͽ˯۞ჟৠࡊ ঽ᜕ٗநˠࣶࢍ147ЩĂͽયסአߤڱࠎĂͽ ඕၹّયסќะྤफ़Ąયס̰टӣᇹώૄώᛳّ ณܑăˠॾિላّณܑăЯᑕඉரณܑ̈́ᖚຽি ሚณܑĄඕڍពϯĈĞ˘ğࡁտ၆෪кᇴጾѣ ޘ۞ˠॾિላّĞM = 157.84̶ĂSD = 18.42ğĂ Ğ˟ğჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّᄃЯᑕඉரݭၗ ̚۞ࢬ၆યᗟăሄ៍ёăّ͚ăҋޯّЯᑕඉ ரѣࢍϒ࠹ᙯĂĞˬğˠॾિላّᄃᖚຽিሚ̚ Ķଐჰਈაăͻˠّ̼ķѣࢍ࠹ᙯĂ҃ᄃᖚ ຽিሚ̚Ķ࣎ˠјಶຏķѣࢍϒ࠹ᙯĂĞαğჟ ৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶЯᑕඉரݭၗ̚ĶᔖёЯᑕඉரķ ᄃᖚຽিሚ̚Ķଐჰਈაķѣࢍϒ࠹ᙯĄ᜕҃ நˠࣶЯᑕඉரˬݭၗ̚Ķ ࢬ၆યᗟăሄ៍ ёăҋޯّЯᑕඉர ķᄃᖚຽিሚ̚Ķ࣎ˠјಶ ຏķϺѣࢍϒ࠹ᙯĄͽ˯ඕڍΞᑕϡٺჟৠ ࡊ᜕நᅳાĂѣӄٺᒢྋ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّপ ኳăЯᑕඉரᄃᖚຽিሚ۞࠹ᙯّĂΞүࠎᓜԖ ᜕ந၁ચ᜕̈́நҖ߆̍ү̝ણ҂Ą ᙯᔣෟĈˠॾિላّăЯᑕඉரăᖚຽিሚăჟৠࡊ᜕ந ˠࣶĄ݈āā֏
ֶፂჟৠ়ঽ۞߹ҖঽጯአߤĂέ៉гડᅮࢋତ צ᎕ໂڼᒚ۞ჟৠঽଈࡗҫᓁˠ˾˼̶̝ˬĂ̚ˬ ̶̝˘ࠎᅮࢋБ͟ҝੰڼᒚ۰ĞᑛĂ1998ğĂপҾߏд Бϔઉܲᐍטޘ၁߉ޢĂჟৠঽԖј˞˘ԖᙱՐ۞ ېၗĂਕᐹАҝੰ۰кࠎާّഇଈ۰ĂϤٺ়ঽЯ ৵ĂঽଈдҝੰॡӔனᇷ˧ă፬જăԽᑝ˜Ҍٺҋ୭ Җࠎ۞ன෪Ăдᜪ˯၆ٺᗁ᜕ˠࣶ̈́ፋ࣎ᗁᒚဥฤ ߏໂ̂۞ᑅ˧̈́҂រĄঽˠҝੰഇม᜕̀ࠎࢬ၆ঽˠ ۞ௐ˘ቢĂдჟৠࡊڼᒚّᒖဩٙٚ̚צ۞ᑅ˧ఈ ໂ̂Ăٙͽჟৠࡊ᜕ந̍үߏ·႕ᑅ˧۞̍үĄॲ ፂ઼࡚ᖚຽщБᄃઉᖐ۞አߤ൴னĂд˘Ѻˬ˩ к૱֍۞ᖚຽ̚Ăᄃᗁੰઉѣᙯ۞ᖚຽޘ̍ үᑅ˧Ă͍ߏ᜕ந̍үĞCalhoun & Calhoun,1983ğĄ ၆ٺ᜕ந̍ү͔ٙ۞ᑅ˧ଣ̏ѣˬ˩ዶѐĂд ࡊ᜕̼ந۞ᔌ๕˭ĂЧࡊ᜕நˠࣶצ̍үᒖဩ۞প ኳᇆᜩ҃ѣ̙ٙТĄϫ઼᜕݈̰நˠࣶ۞࠹ᙯࡁտͽ ଣ ࣎ វ ࢬ ᓜ ᑅ ˧ ଐ ဩ ॡ ̍ ү ᑅ ˧ ຏ צ ۞ ا к ĞͨăՂĂ1992ćՂĂ1989ğĂPatrickĞ1984ğઉ ᜪˠࣶࢬ၆ᜈ۞̍үᑅ˧Ăߏԛјᖚຽিሚ۞ ПᐍཏĄ҃Kobasa೩ˠॾિላّ۞ໄهĂιߏ˘ ˠॾপኳĂΞٯԩࢬᓜϠ߿ᑅ˧ְІॡĂԛјѣӀ۞ ྤĂቤᑅ˧ĂͷགྷϤᄮۢෞᆊ̈́Яᑕඉர۞࿅ ྿זઉېၗĞClark, 2002; Kobasa, 1979ğĂҭ၆ઉ ᜪ۞೩ֻ۰҃֏Ăˠॾિላّߏ၆;ࢬᑅ˧ү ϡ۞ࢦࢋ֨᎔ྤĞHarrission, Loiselle, Duquette, &Scmenic, 2002ğĄ ᜕நˠࣶ۞ڇચ၆෪ͽঽଈࠎĂдڇચ࿅ ᜕̚நˠࣶ૱జࢋՐܲ։р۞ၗޘᄃଐჰĄࣇᔵ ઊਕ֍זჟৠঽଈ۞ೇĂຏצזಈॆ۞ঈڤĂҭ ̂кᇴ۞ଐڶߏౖҡঽଈ̈́छᛳࢬ၆়ঽၙّ̼ࠤҌ ೋ̼۞࿅Ă̍үଐჰٽצᇆᜩĄͽඊ۰̍үགྷរ ̚ĂপҾߏঽଈ˘όЯাېᇆᜩ҃ѣԽᑝٕҋ୭Җࠎ ॡĂ᜕நˠࣶ૱ҋయ̙̏ĂኛአಏҜٕᗓᖚĄͨ̈́Ղ Ğ1992ğഅჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶЯᑕᑅ˧кଳଐჰጱ ШĂྵֹ͌ϡયᗟྋՙڱĂ҃ࡁտ˵൴னଐჰጱШЯ ઼ϲέ៉̂ጯ̳ВϠጯੰϠ߆ඉᄃგநጯࡁտٙ౾࣏̀ᏴˠĂ ᄂΔᗁጯ̂ጯ᜕நጯրᓾरāᄂΔᗁጯ̂ጯܢనᗁੰ᜕ந༛ጱܜࣘ ᜕நጯրᓾर*āέΔξϲᒚዳੰ᜕நࡊЇ**āᄂΔᗁጯ̂ጯ᜕ந ጯրᓾर***ā̋̚ᗁጯ̂ጯ᜕நጯրିࣘЇăࡁտٙٙܜ**** צ͛͟ഇĈ91 ѐ 9 ͡ 12 ͟āāତצΏྶĈ93 ѐ 3 ͡ 15 ͟ ఼ੈү۰гӬĈՂāᏴāāέ̚ξݑડޙ઼Δྮ˘߱ 110 ཱི āāྖĈĞ04ğ24732200 ů 1730
ᑕڱᄃᖚຽিሚјϒ࠹ᙯĞBoyle, Grap, Younger, & Thornby, 1991ğĄCronin-Stubbs̈́RooksĞ1985ğ۞ࡁտ ˵ჟৠࡊᅳા۞᜕நˠࣶྵ̰γࡊăΐ᜕ঽٗ۞ ᜕நˠࣶٽѣᖚຽিሚ۞ன෪யϠĂѩன෪ࣃࢦ ෛĄЯѩჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّপኳࠎңĉ༊ дࢬ၆ჟৠঽଈ۞᜕ந࿅Яᑕඉரࠎңĉߏ ࡁտ۰ຏᎸ۞Ă߇ώࡁտϫ۞ĈĞ˘ğᒢྋჟৠࡊ᜕ந ˠࣶ۞ˠॾિላّăଳפ۞Яᑕඉர̈́ᖚຽিሚޘć Ğ˟ğᒢྋჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّЯᑕඉர۞ᙯ ܼćĞˬğᒢྋჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّᖚຽিሚ۞ ᙯܼćĞαğᒢྋჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶЯᑕඉரᖚຽিሚ۞ ᙯܼĄ ͛ᚥߤᙋ ࠎଣՐჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶ۞ˠॾિላّăЯᑕඉர ̈́ᖚຽিሚޘ۞࠹ᙯّĂώ༼͛ᚥϤˠॾિላّă ᜕நˠࣶ۞Яᑕඉரăᖚຽিሚඈˬ͞ࢬઇଣĄ Ğ˘ğˠॾિላّ ܕ˟˩ѐĂҖࠎࡊጯछઉᜪຽ۰Ӯ˧ ٺ൴णˠॾિላّ۞ໄهࡁտĞLambert & Lambert,
1993; Pengilly & Dowd, 2000ğĂѝߏᄮ͕ۢநጯछ
KobasaϤхдጯ۞៍ᕇĂᄮࠎՏ࣎ˠѣ̙Т۞ˠॾඕ ၹĂགྷޘᑅ˧ޢĂѣˠົჯઉĂѣˠயϠ় ঽĂপঅˠॾপኳჍࠎĺˠॾિላّĻĞKobasa, 1979ğĄ၆Җ߆ˠࣶซҖአߤĂඕڍ൴னдགྷ። ᑅ˧Ăҭ়ঽ൴ϠதྵҲ̝ˠࣶĂͧགྷ።ྵᑅ˧҃ ়ঽ൴Ϡதྵ۰Ăѣྵ۞ˠॾિላّĂѩඕڍ͚ ˠॾિላّѣ၆ᑅ˧ęઉᙯܼ۞አ༼үϡĄ ೩ˠॾિላّߏϤˬ࣎ѨໄهٙјĂ̶Ҿࠎ ଠטຏĞcontrolğă߄ጼّĞchallengeğăԸˢّ ĞcommitmentğĂଠטّ࣎ˠਕ၆ᑅ˧ઇአፋॡ۞ Ӆ˧Ăͷਕֹܳ࣎ˠјܜĂߏ˘࣎វώ֗ѣङ ۞ຏצć߄ጼّϠ߿ְІ۞൴Ϡෛࠎו፬Ăߏ ˘ѣৈăᑒӄјܜ۞፟ົĂ҃ܧރćԸˢّ၁ ᅫજ۞ણᄃĂ҃ܧజજ̙ણᄃĂ࣎វਕѣड़ҹڇ ᑅ˧ٙౄј۞χᑝĂਕϠ߿ְІჯд˘̰ д۞πᏊېၗćˠॾિላّߏ˘၆ԩᑅ˧ᔖҺய Ϡࢬड़ڍ۞࣎ˠ̰дপኳĂѣӄٺ၆ઉᑅ˧ ̝ϒШͅᑕĂਕѣड़۞ࢬ၆યᗟྋՙ۞ਕ˧Ă҃ܧ ຏזӄăͻҋܫፆଠˠ۞পّĞP o l l o c k , 1989; Soderstorm, Dolbier, Leiferman, & Steinbardt,
2000ğĂϺѣࡁտᜪ۰ˠॾિላّᄃЯᑕඉர ѣᙯĂˠॾિላّઐ۰Ăѣӄٺ၆ჟৠঽଈ۞ତ ৼĂ၆ঽଈঽ̝ซणѣϒࢬᇆᜩĞRodney, 2002; Tarolli-Jager, 1994ğĄซ˘Վ۞ࡁտĂ͚ˠॾિላ ّតีĂтĺᑅ˧ĻăĺЯᑕඉரĻඈд͕֗ઉ ᙯܼ̚ѣീүϡ̈́ᇆᜩĄS i m o n i P a t e r s o n Ğ1997ğˠॾિላ̶ّྵ۰Ăࢬ၆ᑅ˧ॡĂ ྵ૱ֹϡજǕۡତ̝ЯᑕඉரĞԼតᑅ˧ăࢬ၆ ᑅ˧ăವԱયᗟΞਕ۞ྋՙ͞ڱğĂͷᖚຽিሚ ̶ྵҲĄ҃ٺF l o r i a n ăM i k u l i n c e r T a u b m a n Ğ1995ğˠॾિላّপኳ۞ԸˢຏΞᖣϤࢫҲ၆ރ ۞ෞᆊĂֹϡͽଐჰࠎጱШ۞ЯᑕඉரĂԼච͕ நઉĂͷਕᆧૻௐ˟ᆸѨ۞ෞᆊć҃ଠטຏ˵ਕԼ ච͕நઉĂߏᖣϤࢫҲ၆ރ۞ෞᆊĂᆧૻௐ˟ᆸ Ѩ۞ෞᆊĂֹϡͽયᗟࠎጱШವՐۤົ͚۞Я ᑕඉரĂ྿זઉĂ҃ˠॾિላّপኳϺ᜕ந̍ү ۞ԸˢّᄃЇຍᙸѣᙯĞTierney & Lavelle, 1997ğĄ ˠॾિላّᄃˠ˾ጯតี̝࠹ᙯّϏѣ˘ّ۞ඕ ኢĂNicholasĞ1993ğࡁտˠॾિላّќˢѣ ࢍ˯ϒ࠹ᙯćSchimiedLawlerĞ1986ğࡁտពϯ̃ ّˠॾિላّົᐌѐ᛬҃ԼតĂѐ᛬̂ˠॾિላّ ҲĂྋᛖΞਕЯѐࡔҁͻϒШૻ̼үϡĂౄ јˠॾિላّഴऴĄ Ğ˟ğ᜕நˠࣶ۞Яᑕඉர LazarusFolkmanĞ1984ğĺЯᑕĻߏ࣎វᜈّ гԼតᄮۢ̈́ҖࠎĂͽந࣎វ၆ְІෞᆊ̈́࿅࣎ វྤ۞পؠېڶĄЯᑕҖࠎߏ˘જၗ࿅ĂϺߏ˘ ᑅ˧ͅᑕ۞አ༼Я̄ĞmediatorğĂ˜ֶෞҤăે ҖăГෞҤăГેҖඈՎូ̙ᕝ࣒ϒĄ˫೩ˣᙷЯ ᑕඉரĂΒ߁ԩۋăࢍ൪ّྋՙયᗟăழᗓăᔖă ҋԧଠטăವՐۤົ͚ăତצయЇ̈́ϒШГෞҤĄ J a l o w i e cЯᑕҖࠎݭၗડ̶ࠎયᗟפШᄃଐჰפ ШĂѩ˟۰ЯᑕҖࠎൺഇड़ϡΞഴᅅপؠଐဩ۞ࢋՐ ̈́ଐჰͅᑕ̝አ༼Ăܜഇड़ϡΞԼච࣎ˠઉېڶ ̈́೩͕̿நۤົΑਕĞJalowiec & Powers, 1981ğĄ
LawrenceLawrenceĞ1988ğдଣ᜕நˠࣶ̍үѣ ᙯ۞ᑅ˧ॡĂ೩ЯᑕҖࠎົѣα࣎ล߱۞አዋ࿅ ĂΒ߁ϲഇăֶᏥഇă࠹ֶ̢Ꮵഇ̈́ҋԧֶᏥ ഇĄHarrissionඈˠĞ2002ğ᜕நˠࣶѣྵ۞ˠॾ િላّăۤົֹ͚ϡϒࢬ۞ЯᑕඉரĂྵ͌ຏצ זᖚຽᑅ˧ᖚຽিሚĄ Ğˬğ᜕நˠࣶ۞ᖚຽিሚ ᖚຽিሚĞburnoutğĞϺჍᖚຽࢽަٕᖚຽਈაğĂ 1974ѐ઼࡚͕ந̶ژጯ۰FreudenbergerࢵѨ͔ϡѩЩ ෟĂೡຽˠࣶд̍ү˯Ϥ̍үଐဩ͔ٙ۞ਈა
ன෪ĂᄮࠎিሚߏϠநăଐჰă͕ം۞ਈაېၗĂ ιΒ߁ঐໂ۞ҋԧໄهă̍үၗޘăͽ̈́ಉε၆ڇચ ၆෪۞ຏଐᙯᘃĞ͔ҋPine & Maslach, 1978ğĄ
MaslachĞ1982ğᄮࠎᖚຽিሚߏଐჰਈაăͻˠ
ّ̼ăҲјಶຏ̝া࣏ཏĂٽ൴ϠдͽĺˠĻࠎ၆෪۞ ڇચ̍ү۰֗˯Ăд൴ण۞።Β߁ˬล߱Ĉଐჰ ਈაĞemotional
exhaustionğăͻˠّ̼Ğdeper-s o n a l i z a t i o nğͽ̈́၆࣎ˠ̈́࣎ˠјಶ۞Шͅᑕ
Ğreduced personal accomplishmentğĄMaslacḧ́Jackson Ğ1986ğ֭ͽѩనࢍീณ̍ͽෞณᖚຽিሚĂјࠎ ͩᖚຽিሚณܑĞMaslach Burnout InventoryĂ MBIğĄ ధĞ1996ğણ҂Patrick۞ߛၹᕩৼᖚຽিሚٙயϠ ۞াېΒ߁ĈĞ1ğϠநাېĈົͅߍϠநਕณਈა ۞াېĄĞ2ğᄮۢাېĈͅߍ͕ംਈა۞াېĄĞ3ğ ଐჰাېĈͅߍଐჰਈა۞ېၗĂӣЧ৾ᕘă Ϭ࠼ଐჰĄĞ4ğҖࠎাېĈͅߍҖࠎԼត۞াېĄ ҭߏѣ˯াېܑ̙֭ѣᖚຽিሚâਠֽᄲΞ ֶাېีϫ۞кဿăኑᗔᄃӎ̈́ᚑࢦֽّҿᕝᖚ ຽিሚޘ۞ҲĄᖚຽিሚߏܜഇͽĺˠĻࠎ̍ү ၆෪ĂᅮࢋଐჰԸˢĞemotional demandingğ۞ຽ ̚૱֍۞˘া࣏ཏĂ҃ଐჰԸˢϒߏ᜕ந̍ү۞ ώኳĞPines & Kanner, 1982ğĂЯѩĂధкጯ۰ ᜕ந̍үߏໂٽጱিሚ۞ຽĂ҃ధк᜕ந̍ү ᑅ˧ߏౄјিሚ൴Ϡ۞ࢦࢋЯ৵ĞPatrick,1984;
Pick & Leiter, 1991ğĄSullivanĞ1993ğঽଈᜪ̍
үߏჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶ̂۞ᑅ˧ĂϤٺჟৠࡊঽଈ ۞߿ّাېĂࢬ၆Խᑝăᗼăᇷ˧Җࠎٕᜈّҋ ୭ Җ ࠎ ۞ ঽ ଈ Ă ߏ ჟ ৠ ࡊ ᜕ ந ˠ ࣶ ૱ ֍ ᑅ ˧ ְ І ĞͨăՂĂ1992ğĄֶፂMaslacḧ́JacksonĞ1986ğ۞ ࡁտĂّҾᄃᖚຽিሚ۞ᙯܼĂдĺଐჰਈაĻ۞ ̶͞ࢬẴّٺշّĂдĺͻˠّ̼Ļ͞ࢬĂշّ ٺّ̃Ă҃дĺ࣎ˠјಶຏĻ˯շّٺّ̃Ą˫ ̍ү݈ೀѐߏԛјᖚຽিሚ۞ᙯᔣഇĂЯࠎд ซˢᖚຽᅳા݈ೀѐâ͞ࢬࢋٙጯᑕϡז၁ᅫ ଐဩĂڱ͕ึ͘ĂΩ˘͞ࢬߏЯࠎإϏሢଉ ̍үĂ·႕நຐᄃٱĂ၆ҋ̎ࢎؠ࿅۞ϫᇾͪ ҃ڱ྿јĄMcCarthyĞ1985ğͽჟৠࡊˠࣶࠎࡁ տ၆෪ѐ᛬3 0 ໐ͽ˭Ăᖚຽিሚޘྵ̂Ą KaneĞ1993ğّ̃ͧշّՀٽຏזᖚຽিሚĂЯ ࠎᖚຽ̃ᅮፉछलᖚຽᗕࢦ۞̍үĂྵٽЯ ֎Ғࡎ̈́࿅ޘఈ҃ࡴĂЯڱࣘᜪ̍үݡኳ छˠᏐᙯܼ҃யϠཋೋຏĂٽѣᖚຽিሚ۞ଐ ԛĄ Щෟࠧؠ Ğ˘ğˠॾિላّĈˠॾિላّߏ˘Ξͽ၆ԩᑅ˧۞ ྤĂͽᔖҺயϠࢬड़ڍ۞࣎ˠপኳĄΒ߁ˬ࣎ পّĈĞ1ğଠטĈ࣎វώ֗౯ङᄃଠטᑅ˧۞ຏ צᄃҋܫ͕ĄĞ2ğ߄ጼĈ࣎វᑅ˧ྋᛖࠎ˘ѣ ৈăᑒӄјܜ۞፟ົĂ҃ܧ˘χᑝĄĞ3ğԸˢĈ࣎វ ѣજ፟ͽѣड़͞ڱΝҹڇᑅ˧ٙౄј۞χᑝĂ ܑ˘၆ᑅ˧ዋ༊જͷણᄃ۞ޘĄ Ğ˟ğЯᑕඉரĈ࣎វдࢬ၆ᑅ˧࿅̚Ăٙྻϡ۞አ ዋ͞ёΒ߁ˣĈĞ1ğࢬ၆યᗟ۞Яᑕݭၗܼଳϡજ ྋՙયᗟ۞Җࠎ͞ёĄĞ2ğᔖё۞Яᑕݭၗܼଳϡᔖ Һࢬ၆યᗟ۞Җࠎ͞ёĄĞ3ğሄ៍ኢ۞Яᑕݭၗܼଳϡ ϒШຐڱ۞Җࠎ͞ёĄĞ4ğኢ۞Яᑕݭၗܼଳϡೌ ៍ຐڱ۞Җࠎ͞ёĄĞ5ğଐჰّ۞ЯᑕݭၗܼଳϡԴྋ ଐჰ۞͞ёĄĞ6ğቤྋё۞Яᑕݭၗܼଳϡֹຏᛇྵන ڇ۞͞ёĄĞ7ğّ͚۞ЯᑕݭၗܼଳϡವՐ͚ր ۞Җࠎ͞ёĄĞ8ğҋޯّ۞ЯᑕݭၗܼଳϡܫᏥҋ̎۞ ͞ёĄ ĞˬğᖚຽিሚĈ࣎វЯࠎܜഇ̍үᑅ˧ڱѣड़Я ᑕٙயϠ̝ଐჰਈაăͻˠّ̼̈́ҲјಶຏඈШা ېĄĞ1ğଐჰਈაĈӄˠຽ۞̍ү۰Я̍ү҃хд ଐჰ࿅ޘᕖૺ̈́ਈა۞ຏצĄĞ2ğͻˠّ̼Ĉӄˠ ຽ۰၆ٙڇચ၆෪۞ҽ႐ăˠّͅᑕĄĞ3ğ࣎ˠј ಶຏĈӄˠຽ۰д̍ү̝̚౼Їԣ̈́̍ү႕ ۞ຏצĄ
͞āāڱ
˘ăࡁտ၆෪ ώࡁտࠎፖᕝёೡّ̈́࠹ᙯّࡁտĞcross-sec-tional descriptive and correlaώࡁտࠎፖᕝёೡّ̈́࠹ᙯّࡁտĞcross-sec-tional survey researchğĂ ࡁտ၆෪ࠎέΔξડાᗁੰͽ˯ᆸ৺۞̣ٙᗁੰ̝ჟ ৠࡊঽ᜕ٗநˠࣶĂଳ̶ᆸᐌ፟٩ᇹ͞ڱĂᗁੰෛ ࠎ˘ϲᆸĞϓវğĂГͽĶะՁᐌ፟٩ᇹڱķ٩15࣎ ᇹώಏҜĂజ٩ᏴᇹώಏҜ̰̝Бొ᜕நˠࣶӮᏴࠎ ࡁտᇹώĂૄώ୧Іࠎᅳѣ᜕நຽᙋ३Ăϫ݈ଂְ ჟৠࡊ᜕ந̍үҌ̱͌࣎͡ͽ˯ĂͷϏፉЇҖ߆ٕି ֈᖚચ᜕̝நˠࣶĞΒ߁ϒăઘ᜕நܜă᜕நҁरğĄ ˟ăࡁտ̍ Β߁ˠॾિላّณܑăЯᑕඉரณܑăᖚຽিሚ ณܑ̈́ૄώᛳّྤफ़Ă̰ट˜ॲፂ࠹ᙯ͛ᚥ̈́ࡁտ۰ ᎸٙטؠĄ᜕நˠࣶૄώᛳّྤफ़Β߁ѐ᛬ăّҾăބېڶăିֈޘăڇચѐྤă؟ିܫЈඈĄ
Ğ˘ğˠॾિላّณܑĈώณܑͽPollockĞ1989ğٙ൴ण
۞ઉ࠹ᙯિላّณܑĞHealth Related Hardiness
Scale, HRHSğࠎֶፂĂͽ၁ᅫٕሕдጾѣઉયᗟॡ ۞ͅᑕଣĂଂ1986ѐฟؕд઼࡚ѣ࿅150ีࡁտ ጯ۰ֹϡ࿅ྍณܑĂͷณܑ˵അజᔹ઼ă઼̚ăέ ៉ă઼ăҘͰඈ઼ጯ۰ٙᖙᛌĞPollock, 1999ğĄ ࣧณܑ̰टࢍ34ᗟĂ̚14ᗟീଠטّć7ᗟീԸˢ ّćΩ13ᗟീ߄ጼّĄณܑଳ̱ᕇࢍ̶ڱĂѣϒă Шୃ͞ёĂϒШᄬή۞ࢍ̶ࠎ1ů6̶ĂֶԔࠎ Ķܧ૱̙Тຍă̙Тຍăѣᕇ̙ТຍăѣᕇТຍăТ ຍă̈́ܧ૱ТຍķćШᄬῄШࢍ̶Ą̶ ܑˠॾિላّځពć̝ͅˠॾિላّ͌Ăᓁ̶ ࠎ34ů204̶Ąࣧณܑड़ޘᑭؠĈĞ1ğ̰टड़ޘĈଳ छड़ޘᑭؠĂᖣϤྙય᜕நିर̈́౾̀ጯϠඈछ ߤ८ĂΞ྿0.85۞˘ّड़ޘĞJennings & Staggers, 1994ğĄĞ2ğड़ᇾड़ޘĈТॡPollock̝ᄃઉ࠹ᙯ ۞ˠॾિላّณܑKobasa̝ˠॾિላّณܑĂග ̟50ҜઉјˠീྏĂඕڍពϯ˟ณܑม̚ޘ࠹ ᙯĞr = .54ğĂѩඕڍ͚HRHSീณ۞ˠॾિላّপ ኳĄĞ3ğᔁăችăᏂౘĞ2001ğ၆ۤડჟৠ̶ෘঽଈ ࢋᜪ۰۞ࡁտĂѩયסछ̰टड़ޘ̶ࠎ4.2Ąࣧ ณܑܫޘ͞ࢬĈĞ1ğ̰д˘ّܫޘĈઉ࠹ᙯˠॾિ ላّณܑགྷPollock࣒Լޢ۞Cronbach’s ɗࣃϤ0.80೩ Ҍ0.83ĞPollock & Duffy, 1990ğĄĞ2ğГീܫޘ̝ᑭؠĈ ઉ࠹ᙯˠॾિላّณܑมฉ̝Гീܫޘܼᇴࠎ 0.92Ăมˬฉ۞Гീܫޘࠎ0.83ĞPollock & Duffy, 1990ğĄĞ3ğᔁඈˠĞ2001ğ၆ۤડჟৠ̶ෘঽଈࢋᜪ ۰۞ࡁտඕڍĂѩયסCronbach’s ɗࣃĂଠטณܑࠎ 0.89ĂԸˢณܑࠎ0.84Ă߄ጼณܑࠎ0.90Ąٺώࡁտ၆ ෪ٙീᓁณܑ̝πӮCronbach’s ɗࣃࠎ0.94Ą Ğ˟ğЯᑕඉரณܑĈJ a l o w i e c ăM u r p h y P o w e r Ğ1984ğٺ1977ѐӈֶፂLararus̝Яᑕໄهߛၹ൴ण ЯᑕณܑĞJalowiec Coping ScaleĂJCSğĂ֭ٺ1987ѐ ࣒ࢎĂҺੵયᗟפШᄃଐჰפШ˟̶ڱ࿅ٺᖎர̝ ᕇĂֶፂคཏะ̶ژĞthematic clustering analysisğ ͞ёĂЯᑕҖࠎ̶ࠎˣЯᑕඉரݭၗĂณܑВ60 ᗟĂΒ߁ࢬ၆યᗟ۞10ᗟĂᔖё۞13ᗟĂሄ៍ё۞ 9ᗟĂኢё۞4ᗟĂଐჰّ۞5ᗟĂቤྋё۞7ᗟĂ ّ͚۞5ᗟ̈́ҋޯّ۞7ᗟĄͽαᕇࢍ̶͞ёֽࢍ̶ ĶଂϏֹϡăޝֹ͌ϡăѣॡֹϡăགྷ૱ֹϡķα࣎ඈ ৺Ă̶Ҿࢍࠎ0ů3̶Ąצྏ۰̶Ăܑϯ૱ֹ ϡྍЯᑕඉரĄజᇃھᑕϡٺ̙Тጯܝ̝࠹ᙯࡁ տĂ֭̏ᖼᛌј18̙Тᄬ֏ซҖ࿅ࡁտĂϡٺീณ ࣎វࢬᓜϠ߿ᑅ˧ٕ̍үᑅ˧ඈӧᕘॡٙଳϡ̝Яᑕ ඉரĂ၁̏ಧؠ̍ώ̝֗ܫăड़ޘૄᖂĄJalowiec ტЪֹϡณܑĞJalowiec, 1987ğٙઇࡁտඕڍពϯĂ ̰टड़ޘᇴࠎ0.85ćϤ᜕நࡁտछֶፂˣᙷЯ ᑕඉரݭၗ۞̶ᙷᙒТଐԛĂπӮᙒТதࠎ75%Ăд Тኳّܫޘ͞ࢬĂᓁณܑ̝πӮCronbach’s ɗࣃࠎ 0.86Ąٺώࡁտ၆෪ٙീᓁณܑ̝πӮCronbach’s ɗࣃࠎ0.82Ą ĞˬğᖚຽিሚณܑĈѩณܑࠎM a s l a c h ̈́J a c k s o n Ğ1986ğٙనࢍĂ߉ീ၆෪ͽӄˠຽࠎĂᗟϫͽୃ ĺ࣎ˠຏצ൴ϠѨᇴĻ۞͞ёበᆷĂࢍ22ᗟĂΒ߁ଐ ჰਈაăͻˠّ̈́࣎ˠјಶຏˬ̶࣎ณܑĄଳ˛ᕇ ࢍ̶ڱĂϤĺଂֽ՟ѣĻăĺՏѐΪѣ˟ăˬѨĻăĺՏ ͡˘ѨĻăĺՏ͡˟ăˬѨĻăĺՏฉ˘ѨĻăĺՏฉ˟ă ˬѨĻăĺՏ͇ౌѣĻĂֶԔග0ů6̶Ąྵᖚຽি ሚ۰дଐჰਈა̈́ͻˠ̶ّ̼࣎ณܑ۞̶ྵĂ д࣎ˠјಶຏ۞̶ྵҲć̝ͅĂিሚຏצྵҲ۰д ̶݈࣎ณܑ۞̶ྵĂ҃ޢ˘̶࣎ณܑ۞̶ྵ ҲĄѩณܑѣΞତצ۞̰д˘ّ̈́ᘦؠޘĂధ Ğ1996ğͽჟৠࡊާّঽ᜕ٗநˠࣶࠎ၆෪Ăଐჰਈ აăͻˠّ̈́࣎ˠјಶຏˬ̶࣎ณܑдCronbach’s ɗࣃ͞ࢬ̶Ҿࠎ0.88Ă0.78Ă0.76Ąٺώࡁտ၆෪ٙ ീᓁณܑ̝πӮCronbach’s ɗࣃࠎ0.87Ą ˬăࡁտՎូ ࡁտՎូ̶αล߱Ĉࡁտ̍నࢍăྏăϒё ࡁտ̈́ྤफ़ፋநᄃಡӘᇤᆷล߱Ąௐ˘ล߱Ĉࡁտ̍ నࢍĂࡁտ۰ͽ३ܫ̈́߶ྖ۞͞ёĂᇈՐPol-lockТຍֹϡĺઉ࠹ᙯˠॾિላّณܑĻĂགྷᖬבТຍ ޢĂϤࡁտ۰ࣧؕયסᖙᛌ֭ኛࡻ͛ҁरᄃ᜕ந छםӄ࣒ࢎĄ֭ซҖछ̰टड़ޘᑭؠĂፋЧछ ຍ֍ĂԆјྏયסĄௐ˟ล߱ĈྏĂѩล߱ٺჟ ৠࡊঽٗќ९15Щ᜕நˠࣶซҖྏĂ߉ീඕڍઇ ࠎયס࣒Լֶ̝ፂĂᑭؠࡁտ̍۞ܫăड़ޘĂԆј ώࡁտϒёયסĄ֭൴͛Ҍ୬ќ९̝ᗁੰ᜕நొפ ТຍĄௐˬล߱ĈϒёࡁտĂࡁտ۰ͽᐌ፟٩ᇹ͞ڱ ٩୬ќ९۞ঽٗĂ֭ᏐྍঽٗซҖࡁտᄲځĂᇈ ࡁտ၆෪ТຍޢซҖયסአߤĂՏЊયסҤࡗᅮ 20ů30̶ᛗԆјĄௐαล߱Ĉྤफ़ፋந̈́ᇤᆷಡӘĄ αăྤफ़ፋநᄃ̶ژ ώࡁտќะྤफ़ޙᑫޢĂͽSPSS/PC 8.0इ྅హវ ઇೡ̈́ଯኢّࢍ̶ژĂଳ t ᑭؠăតளᇴ̶ژă
ϩႬ᎕म࠹ᙯඈࢍ͞ڱซҖଯኢ̶ّژĂనؠɗ ࣃ0.05ࠎពͪĄ
ඕāāڍ
˘ăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶૄώྤफ़ăˠॾિላّ̈́Яᑕ ඉர ̶ᆸᐌ፟٩ᇹ160Ҝࡁտ၆෪Ă၁ᅫТຍᆷય ס۰153ҜĂड़યס6ЊĂѣड़યס147ЊĂણᄃத 96%Ąώࡁտ၆෪ͽާّঽٗࠎĞ72.8%ğĂѐ᛬̶ Ҷд21ů51໐มĂͽ21ů30໐кĞ64.6%ğĂѨ31 ů40໐Ğ29.9%ğĄͽّ̃اкĞ94.6%ğĂͷϏاк Ğ64.6%ğĂିֈޘͽ̂ࠎĞ49.7%ğĂᖚჍͽ᜕̀ اкĞ74.9%ğĂ؟ିܫЈͽϔมܫЈࠎĞ25.2%ğĄჟ ৠࡊ᜕ந̍үѐྤൺ8࣎͡Ăܜ28ѐ3࣎͡ĂπӮ 66.01࣎͡Ăͽڇચ5ѐ̰۞ˠࣶاкĞ55.8%ğĄˠॾ િላ̶ّ۞݈˟ีࠎĶԧᄮࠎ၆ԧ҃֏Ăઉ ͧੑಱՀࢦࢋķĞM = 5.33ĂSD = 0.90ğ̈́Ķԧᛇࠎ ჯ᜕ઉ҃አፋࢴٕྻજ̙ߏ௭۞ҖࠎķĞM = 5.26ĂSD = 0.95ğĄ̶Ҳ۞݈˟ีࠎĶԧ࠹ܫҋ̎ࢋ кઉಶਕѣкઉķĞM = 3.77ĂSD = 1.07ğ̈́Ķԧ೩̙ ݏֽ᎕ໂჯ։р۞ઉķĞM = 3.92ĂSD = 1.19ğĄ ̂кᇴ౯ޘˠॾિላّĂͽଠטຏăԸˢّ̈́ ߄ጼຏˬᆸࢬֽ࠻Ăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶ̝ଠטຏ̈́Ը ˢّ۞πӮࣃ࠰ٺ̚ҜᇴĄܑϯ᜕நˠࣶࢬ၆၁ ᅫٕሕдઉ࠹ᙯ۞ᑅ˧ॡĂѣଠטᄃङᑅ ˧۞ܫ͕Ăͽ̈́ྵਕԸˢٺઉ࠹ᙯ۞߿જͽᑕ ;ᑅ˧Ą ώࡁտ၆෪۞Яᑕඉர̶۞݈ˬ ีࠎĶົҋ̎˘࣎ˠԯְଐррຐ˘ຐķĞM = 2.47Ă SD = 0.55ğăĶഇޞְଐົు႙рᖼķĞM = 2.46ĂSD = 0.59ğ̈́Ķયᗟྫྷछˠٕڈ̓ኘ˘ኘķĞM = 2.44ĂSD = 0.68ğĄҲ۞݈ˬีࠎĶЫֱᗉᐖٕщ্ᘽֽഴᅅᑅ ˧ķĞM = 0.41ĂSD = 0.65ğăĶಅړ੧ឰҋ̎ຏᛇр˘ ᕇķĞM = 0.44ĂSD = 0.69ğ̈́Ķઇ˘ֱπॡ̙ົΝઇ۞Ă ͧྵЇّٕПᐍ۞ְķĞM = 0.90ĂSD = 0.75ğĄͷ᜕ந ˠࣶдЯᑕඉரͽĺࢬ၆યᗟĻ۞Яᑕ͞ёπӮࣃ̶ ĞM = 22.63ĂSD = 4.89ğĂͽĺኢĻ۞Яᑕ͞ё πӮࣃ̶ҲĞM = 6.72ĂSD = 1.64ğĄΩಶᖚຽিሚ ඕڍពϯჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶଂ᜕ְந̍үॡՏ͡ѣ˟ă ˬѨଐჰਈაĞՏᗟπӮ̶2.28ğćՏ͡ѣ˘Ѩͻ ˠّ̼۞ຏצĞՏᗟπӮ̶1.38ğćՏฉѣ˘Ѩ࣎ˠ ᛇѣјಶຏĞՏᗟπӮ̶4.33ğĄֶፂMBI૱ሀ ۢώࡁտ၆෪ᖚຽিሚҲޘă̚ޘăࢦޘˠᇴּͧඕ ڍពϯჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶΗᇴͽ˯ѣ̚ăࢦޘଐჰਈა ͻˠّ̼۞ຏצĂͷΗᇴͽ˯ѣҲޘ۞࣎ˠјಶ ຏĞܑ˘ğĄ ˟ăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّăЯᑕඉரăᖚຽি ሚдૄώᛳّ͞ࢬ̝मள ώࡁտ၆෪ˠॾિላّд̙Тૄώᛳّ֭ ࢍ˯ពमளĄ҃Ăώࡁտ၆෪̝ĶҋޯّķЯᑕ ඉரдૄώᛳّ̚۞Ķѐ᛬ķѣࢍ˯ពमளĞFࣃ ࠎ0.04Ăp < .05ğĂͷᖚຽিሚдૄώᛳّ̚۞Ķѐ ᛬ķăĶჟৠࡊ̍үѐྤķѣࢍ˯ពमளĂѐ᛬ дˬ˩໐ͽ˭۰ᖚຽিሚޘព̂ٺѐ᛬дˬ˩໐ ͽ˯۰Ăѐྤд̣ѐͽ˭۰ᖚຽিሚޘព̂ٺ̍ үѐྤ̣ѐͽ˯۰Ą ˬăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّᄃЯᑕඉர̝࠹ᙯّ ˠॾિላّᄃЯᑕඉரݭၗ̚Ķࢬ၆યᗟăሄ៍ ёăّ͚ăҋޯّЯᑕඉரķѣࢍ˯ϒ࠹ᙯĞܑ ˟ğĂӈˠॾિላ̶ّĂਕͽࢬ၆યᗟ۞ă ሄ៍۞ăّ͚۞ăҋޯّ۞ЯᑕඉரֽྋՙયᗟĄ αăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّᄃᖚຽিሚ̝࠹ᙯّ ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّᄃᖚຽিሚ̚Ķଐჰਈაă ͻˠّ̼ķѣࢍ˯۞࠹ᙯĂ҃ᄃᖚຽিሚ̚Ķ࣎ ˠјಶຏķѣࢍ˯ϒ࠹ᙯĞܑˬğĂӈˠॾિላّ ̶Ăᖚຽিሚ۞ଐჰਈაăͻˠّ̼ຏצ ͌Ăͷ࣎ˠјಶຏĄ ̣ăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶЯᑕඉரᄃᖚຽিሚ̝࠹ᙯّ ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶЯᑕඉரݭၗ̚ĶᔖёЯᑕඉ ரķᄃᖚຽিሚ̚Ķଐჰਈაķѣࢍ˯۞ϒ࠹ᙯĂ ܑ˘āჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶᖚຽিሚ̝ೡ ĞN = 147ğ Ҳāޘ ̚āޘ ࢦāޘ ีāϫ ˠāᇴ Ѻ̶ͧ ˠāᇴ Ѻ̶ͧ ˠāᇴ Ѻ̶ͧ ଐჰਈა 34 23.1 48 32.7 65 44.2 ͻˠّ̼ 56 38.1 33 22.4 58 39.5 ࣎ˠјಶຏ 84 57.1 35 23.8 28 19.0ӈ᜕நˠࣶͽᔖёЯᑕયᗟॡĂଐჰਈაຏצ Ą᜕҃நˠࣶЯᑕඉரݭၗ̚Ķࢬ၆યᗟăሄ៍ ёăҋޯّķᄃᖚຽিሚ̚Ķ࣎ˠјಶຏķϺѣࢍ ˯ϒ࠹ᙯĞܑαğĂӈ᜕நˠࣶͽࢬ၆યᗟăሄ៍ёă ҋޯّЯᑕඉரྋՙયᗟॡĂ࣎ˠјಶຏ̶ Ăྵ̙ٽயϠᖚຽিሚĄ
āāኢ
ώ༼Ϥ᜕நˠࣶૄώᛳّăˠॾિላّăЯᑕ ඉரă̈́ᖚຽিሚඈˬ͞ࢬઇኢĄ ˘ăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶૄώᛳّ̝ೡ ώࡁտ၆෪̍үّኳͽާّঽٗࠎкĂͷ᜕ந ˠࣶੵ8ҜߏշّγĂ࠰ࠎّ̃Ăѐ᛬̶Ҷͽ21 ů3 0 ໐ҫкᇴĂϏ۰اкĂᄃధĞ1 9 9 6ğࡁտ࠹ ТĂͅߍϫ݈ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶкᛳѐᅅͷϏ۞ ّ̃̍үཏĂିֈޘྵͨ̈́ՂĞ1 9 9 2ğ̝̂ ă̂ጯலຽ۰ּͧᆧкĂពϯ᜕நିֈጯ።࿆ ೩̿ன෪Ąჟৠࡊ᜕ந̍үѐྤπӮ66.01࣎͡Ă ̍ү̣ѐ̰ҫкᇴĞ55.8%ğĂϺѣ44.2%۞᜕நˠࣶ ̍үѐྤߏ5ѐͽ˯Ăܜ̍үѐྤࠎ28ѐĂ̚ѣ 33Ҝ᜕நˠࣶ̍үѐྤߏд˟ѐ̰ĂᄃధĞ1996ğ࠹ ྵ̍үѐྤᆧΐధкĂٕధߏЯࠎώࡁտќ९ಏҜ кࠎ̳छ፟ၹĂͷঽّٗኳΒӣާّăၙّă͟ม ੰඈĂͷܕѐ᜕ֽநˠ˧྿ېၗĂ᜕நˠࣶ ۞ளજதϺᔌቤྋѣᙯĄࡁտពϯ᜕நरĞ25.2%ğ ּͧҲٺ᜕̀Ğ74.8%ğĂ˜Я̳ϲ፟ၹѣࢨט᜕நर ּ̝ͧĂЯѩӈ᜕ֹ̏நरેĂ̪Ϗਕҫ᜕ந र̝ᖚĄ ˟ăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّ̝ෞณඕڍ Ϥࡁտඕڍពϯ᜕நˠࣶѣ̚ޘޘͽ˯̝ˠ ॾિላّĂ̪ѣјܜ̝۩มĄ᜕நˠࣶ̂к࠹ܫҋ̎ ۞ҖࠎਕՙؠઉېڶĂͷႽΞਕឰҋ̎ઉĂ҃ ࢬ၆ᑅ˧༊јߏѣӄৈјܜ۞፟ົ̈́˘߄ጼĂᄃ ܑαāჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶЯᑕඉரᄃᖚຽিሚ̝࠹ᙯ̶ژ ĞN = 147ğ ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶЯᑕඉரĞrࣃğ ีāϫ ࢬ၆યᗟ ᔖё ሄ៍ё ኢё ଐჰّ ቤྋё ّ͚ ҋޯّ ଐჰਈა -.115 .225* -.127 .099 .141 .136 -.091 -.053 ͻˠّ̼ -.031 .145 -.100 .007 .102 .087 .018 -.028 ࣎ˠјಶຏ .363*** -.030 .255** .052 -.108 .079 .149 .231** *p< .05ć**p< .01ć***p< .001 ܑˬāჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّᄃᖚຽিሚ̝࠹ᙯ̶ژ ĞN = 147ğ ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّĞrࣃğ ีāϫ ˠॾિላّ ଠטّপᇈ Ըˢّপᇈ ߄ጼّপᇈ ଐჰਈა -.325*** -.230** -.315*** -.348*** ͻˠّ̼ -.284*** -.204* -.327*** -.272** ࣎ˠјಶຏ .385*** .278** .351*** .419*** *p< .05ć**p< .01ć***p< .001 ܑ˟āჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّᄃЯᑕඉர̝࠹ᙯ̶ژ ĞN = 147ğ ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّĞrࣃğ ีāϫ ˠॾિላّ ଠטّপᇈ Ըˢّপᇈ ߄ጼّপᇈ ࢬ၆યᗟ .443*** .378*** .391*** .426*** ᔖё -.099 -.005 -.138 -.153 ሄ៍ё .371*** .335*** .344*** .328*** ኢё .130 .650 -.022 -.027 ଐჰّ -.083 -.043 -.090 -.099 ቤྋё .032 -.002 .034 .060 ّ͚ .186* .141 .171* .194* ҋޯّ .230** .225** .190* .197* *p< .05ć**p< .01ć***p< .001ώࡁտ࠹ҬĞᔁඈĂ2001ğͽۤડჟৠ̶ෘঽଈࢋ ᜪ۰ࠎࡁտ၆෪۞ඕڍ࠹ͧĂώࡁտ၆෪۞ˠॾિላ ̶ّ࠰ٺჟৠঽଈ۞ࢋᜪ۰Ğܑ̣ğĄ ώࡁտពϯିֈࡦഀ̈́ѐ᛬ᄃˠॾિላّ֭ព ۞࠹ᙯĂᄃࡁտ൴னˠ˾ጯតี֭ព࠹ᙯ ĞJohnson-Saylor, 1991ğĄ ˬăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶЯᑕඉர̝ෞณඕڍ ϤࡁտඕڍΞۢჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶࢬ၆ᑅ˧ְІॡ ྵົଳϡࢬ၆યᗟЯᑕݭၗăሄ៍ёЯᑕݭၗăҋޯ ّЯᑕݭၗĂЧᗟπӮࣃ࠰̂ٺ2.0Ă҃ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠ ࣶྵֹ͌ϡቤྋёЯᑕݭၗăଐჰّЯᑕݭၗ̈́ᔖ ёЯᑕݭၗĄ αăჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶᖚຽিሚ̝ෞณඕڍ ֶፂᖚຽিሚณܑ૱ሀۢώࡁտ၆෪ᖚຽিሚ Ҳޘă̚ޘăࢦޘˠᇴּͧೡĂඕڍពϯΗᇴͽ˯ ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶࠎ̚ăࢦޘଐჰਈაͻˠّ̼۞ ຏצĂͷΗᇴͽ˯Ҳޘ۞࣎ˠјಶຏĄѩඕڍᄃՂ Ğ1989ğăధĞ1996ğඕڍ࠹ТĂ᜕நݡኳᔵు႙Լචͷ ೩̿Ăҭ၆֗ࠎᜪ۰ߏӎЯჟৠࡊ᜕ந̍ү۞পঅ ّĂ၆ঽଈᜪٙᅮଐჰԸˢ۞̍үώኳĂдޘ۞ ˠᅫᙯܼޙϲ࿅̚Ă࣐ࡶღૺ۞ଐჰڱᒔዋ༊ නྋĂ̍ү̚ڱ྿ј࣎ˠјಶຏĂٽѣᖚຽিሚன ෪ĞSortent & Banks, 1996ğĄѩன෪Ξਕߏ᜕நݡኳ ڱБࢬ೩چ̝ࣧЯ̝˘Ăࣃ᜕நˠࣶ̈́გந۰۞ ࢦෛĄֶፂᖚຽᑅ˧ᇾሀё࣎វ۞পኳౌΞਕົ ഴऴٕᆧૻᑅ˧۞វរĂޢ۞ᑅ˧д࣎វ֗˯۞ ͅᑕΞਕົߏ֗ᄃ͕ઉ۞યᗟĂٕ̍ү႕ຍޘࢫ ҲĂ҃дᖐ፟ၹ˯۞ᇆᜩΞਕܑனࠎ̍தĂ ࣶ̍̀ঈҲརᗓᖚதĞDepew, Gordon, & Yoder,
1999ğĄͷ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّϺߏᖚຽিሚ̚Ķଐჰ
ਈაķ۞ࢦࢋീЯ̄Ăѣࢬ၆᜕ந̍үᑅ˧۞ አ༼үϡĂᄃྵ۞࣎ˠјಶѣᙯĂͷˠॾপኳ۞ิ ّົߏᔖҺᖚຽিሚ۞ࢦࢋЯ৵ĞCostantini, Solano,
DiNapoli, & Bosco, 1997ğĄΩѐ᛬̍үѐྤĺາ͘Ļ
၆ᖚຽিሚޘຏצྵĂߏӎ̍үਕ˧ᄃ͚ ྤѣᙯĂࣃГซ˘ՎଣĄ ඕāኢ ώࡁտ၆෪кᇴጾѣޘ۞ˠॾિላّĞM = 157.84̶ĂSD = 18.42ğćЯᑕඉர̶ᐛத۞݈ˬ ีࠎયᗟጱШ۞ྋՙ͞ڱćଐჰਈაޘѨณܑពϯ ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶଂְ̍үॡĂՏ࣎͡ົѣ˟ăˬѨଐ ჰਈა۞ຏצĄჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾિላّᄃЯᑕඉ ரݭၗ̚۞Ķࢬ၆યᗟăሄ៍ёăّ͚ăҋޯّЯ ᑕඉரķѣࢍ˯۞ϒ࠹ᙯĄჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶˠॾ િላّᄃᖚຽিሚ̚Ķଐჰਈაăͻˠّ̼ķѣࢍ ˯࠹ᙯĂ҃ᖚຽিሚ̚Ķ࣎ˠјಶຏķѣࢍ˯ϒ ࠹ᙯĄ᜕நˠࣶЯᑕඉரݭၗ̚ĶᔖёЯᑕඉரķᄃ ᖚຽিሚ̚Ķଐჰਈაķѣࢍ˯ϒ࠹ᙯĄ᜕҃நˠ ࣶЯᑕඉரݭၗ̚Ķࢬ၆યᗟăሄ៍ёăҋޯّķᄃᖚ ຽিሚ̚Ķ࣎ˠјಶຏķϺѣࢍ˯ϒ࠹ᙯĄ ޙāᛉ Ğ˘ğ᜕நିֈ͞ࢬĈޙᛉٺ᜕நዳјିֈ࿅آАି ጱጯϠҋԧᑅ˧გநኝĂጯ௫ഴᑅቚ̝ԫμĂᆧ ૻ࣎ˠ։р̝ЯᑕඉரĂᖣͽᆧΐયᗟጱШ̝ྋՙ ͞ڱĂ֭གྷϤቚᄃጯ௫҃ޢਕ೩̿ˠॾિላّĂֹ ጯϠਕͽϒШă᎕ໂăϠ߿ְІ۞ᑅ˧ෛࠎ߄ጼ ҃ܧރĂ֭ጯ௫ࢬ၆ᑅ˧ཉॡĂᆧૻ࣎ˠયᗟ ྋՙ̝ଠטਕ˧Ą Ğ˟ğ᜕நҖ߆͞ࢬĈؠഇᓝᏱˠॾિላّቚ࠹ᙯኝ ̝ĺјܜᒉĻ߿જĂܳซຍ֍Ϲ߹ͷਕҋԧ၆ྖĂᒢ ྋҋ̎၆̍ү۞ٚᏚĂߏӎਕܧഇ۞̍үְІ༊ јࠎ߄ጼĂ֭ቚᆧΐ၆̍ү۞ଠטຏĂֹᖣѩᆧ ૻˠॾ۞ิّĂҋԧ·ᝋᔖҺᖚຽিሚ͔ٙ۞ࢬ ຏצĄޙϲࣶ̍ᙯᘃନ߉Ăјϲĺ้̈ĻĂ࠹̢ ᙯᘃࢦă఼ᒢྋĂ֭ᏱநഴᑅဥវĂିጱᑅ˧ አዋ͞ёĄΩѐ᛬̍үѐྤ၆ᖚຽিሚ͔ٙ۞ ᇆᜩϺࣃ൴ण̙Т۞дᖚିֈඉரĂ֭੨Ъ᜕ந ˠࣶ̍үགྷរ̝᎕Ă၁߉ѣࢍ൪̝አטޘĂם ܑ̣āͽჟৠঽଈࠎᜪ۰̝ࡁտ၆෪ˠॾિላّࡁտඕڍͧྵ πӮ ˠॾિላّ ଠטّপᇈ Ըˢّপᇈ ߄ጼّপᇈ ࡁտ۰ ࡁտ၆෪ ѐ᛬ πӮࣃ ᇾम πӮࣃ ᇾम πӮࣃ ᇾम πӮࣃ ᇾम ᔁָटඈĞ2001ğ 106Ҝۤડჟৠ̶ෘ 58.70 147.50 21.63 56.46 9.87 31.33 5.17 59.71 8.09 ঽଈࢋᜪ۰ ώࡁտ 147Ҝჟৠࡊ 29.83 157.84 18.42 62.95 8.32 32.39 4.25 62.49 7.86 ᜕நˠࣶ
ӄĺᖚఢထĻĂᆧΐ࣎ˠјಶຏĂͽഴ͌ᖚຽিሚ ۞ޘĄ Ğˬğ᜕ந၁ચ͞ࢬĈခᐽ᜕நˠࣶ༊ࢬ၆क़Զᄃ߄ጼ ॡĂਕͽયᗟጱШ۞યᗟྋՙࢬ၆҃ܧགྷ૱ֹϡଐჰጱ Ш۞યᗟྋՙĂഴֹ͌ϡЪந̼ăӎᄮăᔖඈ͞ё ֽ١ᑅ˧̝நĄ၆ٺѐ᛬дˬ˩໐ͽ˭Ăѐྤд ̣ѐͽ᜕̰̝நາ͘ĂგآଳפĺણᄃёგநĻĂགྷϤ ·ᝋᆧซᓜԖᜪ̝ҋّăՙඉᄃયᗟྋՙ̝ਕ ˧Ă֭၁߉к̮ԫਕ̝ĺϹ˽ቚĻĂᆧซ̍үᖳಱ̼ ᄃᕖ̼̂Ăֹܳѐᅅྤăጯ௫ਕ˧᜕ָ̝நˠࣶĂ ତצ̙Т۞̍ү߄ጼĂᆧΐ̍үଠטຏĂᖣѩᑒӄј ܜĂᆧૻјಶຏᄃˠॾિላّĂഴ͌ᖚຽিሚĄ ࡁտࢨט ώࡁտࠎፖᕝёࡁտĂϤٺॡมăˠ˧ăགྷඈ ࢨטĂڱஎˢᒢྋჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶ៍۞ᖚຽিሚ ຏצĂͷώࡁտ၆෪ࠎέΔгડ۞ჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶĂ ֹώࡁտ̝ඕڍڱଯኢҌٙѣჟৠࡊ᜕நˠࣶĄ ѩγдќ९࿅̚Ă൴ன઼̚ˠ၆ٺᑅ˧۞ྚᛖྵ૱ ͽĺԡĻٕĺྻĻ۞֎ޘྚᛖĂ҃дณܑొ̶ᙱͽӔ னĄΞਕߏЯࠎᑕϡҘ͞நኢăໄهă͞ڱ̈́̍ ֽࡁտ઼ˠّॾ۞मளॡĂٽنர઼̚ёޥ҂ᆊࣃᄃ ࣰጯפШĂֹᙱͽܑனдࡁտ።̚Ą
ણ҂͛ᚥ
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The Relationship Between Hardiness,
Coping Strategies and Burnout in Psychiatric Nurses
Chia-Jung Hsieh • Hsin-Yi Hsieh
*• Pi-Hsia Chen
**Yu-Ling Hsiao
***• Sheuan Lee
****ABSTRACT: Hardiness is a personality trait in which the ability to buffer the health related effects of stress is inherent. It has been frequently and enthusiastically investigated in connection with human health. In order to understand hardiness in psychiatric nurses, to prevent burnout, and to enhance the quality of nursing care, this study sought to investigate the relationships between hardiness, burnout and quality of nursing care. One hundred and forty-seven psychiatric nurses were selected in a stratified random sample from the psychiatric units of district hospitals in Taipei City. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and concerned: (1) demographic variables, (2) the Health Related Hardiness Scale, (3) the Jalowiec Coping Scale, and (4) the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The main results indicated that: (l) Most respondents enjoyed high levels of hardiness (M> 157.84, SD > 18.42); (2) Re-spondents' levels of hardiness were positively correlated to the use of confrontational coping styles, optimistic coping styles, supportive coping styles and self-reliant coping styles; (3) Levels of hardi-ness were negatively correlated to emotional exhaustion but positively correlated to personal accomplishment; (4) There was a significantly positive correlation between the evasive coping style and emotional exhaustion; (5) The confrontational, optimistic and self-reliant coping styles were positively correlated to personal accomplishment. The findings of this study should contribute to our understanding of the relationship between hardiness, coping strategies and burnout in psychiatric nurses.
Key Words:hardiness, coping strategies, burnout, psychiatric nurses.
RN, MSN, Doctoral Candidate, Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University & Instructor, School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University;ā*RN, MSN, Instructor, School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University;ā**RN, MSN, Director, Department of Nursing, Taipei City Psychiatric Center;ā***RN, MSN, Instructor, School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University;ā****RN, PhD, Professor & Dean, School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University.
Received: September 12, 2002āāAccepted: March 15, 2004
Address correspondence to: Sheuan Lee, No. 110, Chien-Kuo N. Rd. Sec. 1, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC. Tel: 886(4)2473-2200 ext. 1730
