• 沒有找到結果。

Role Conflict and Organizational Commitment: The Mediation Effects of Work Stress and Moderation Effects of Work Value 李鴻昌、童惠玲

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "Role Conflict and Organizational Commitment: The Mediation Effects of Work Stress and Moderation Effects of Work Value 李鴻昌、童惠玲"

Copied!
3
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)

Role Conflict and Organizational Commitment: The Mediation Effects of Work Stress and Moderation Effects of Work Value

李鴻昌、童惠玲

E-mail: 9606928@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

  Reyes (1990) made significant contributions to developing teacher commitment,managing school performance, and enhancing school productivity. How to promote organizational commitment is the major study issue of increasing important to measure organizational efficiency for school systems. Teachers' work stress perceived increases in current educational environment and as policy changing. Wasti (2005) indicated that work stress perceived reduces teachers' organizational commitment; the  moderating effect of work value Lankau et al. (2006) pointed out role conflict significantly negative related with organizational commitment; Mohr and Puck (2007) stated role conflict significantly positive related with work stress;

Cinamon and Rich (2005) indicated work value significantly positive related with organizational commitment.   A contingency model describing the mediating effect of work stress on the relationship between role conflict and

organizational  commitment and describing the moderating effect of work value on the relationship between work s- ress and organizational commitment was proposed and tested. This study aimed to examine the causal relationship for role conflict on organizational commitment and further investigated the mediating effect of work stress and the moderating  effect of work value on this direct relationship.   A survey research was conducted using a sample of 52 primary  schools in Changhua. Data was collected from 375 primary school teachers. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results supported the argument as follows: (1) Role conflict significantly and negatively predicted some of organizational commitment; (2) Role conflict has a significant positive influence on work stress; (3) Work stress has a significant negative in fluence on organizational commitment; (4) Work stress has mediating effect of role conflict on organizational commitment; (5) The interaction between Altruism and work stress significantly positively predicted intend to stay; (6) The interaction between three kinds of work values, respectively, and work stress significantly positively predicted organizational approves. That is, altruism and achievement can efficiently moderate a negative influence through its effects on perception of work stress to organizational approves; on the other hand, interpersonal relationship can efficiently moderate a positive  influence through its effects on perception of work stress to organizational approves.

Keywords : Part-time administrative teacher, role conflict, work stress, work value,organizational commitment Table of Contents

中文摘要 ... iii 英文摘要 ... iv 誌謝詞 ... vi 內容目錄 ... vii 表目錄 ... ix 圖目錄 ... xi 第一章 緒論

... 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 ... 1 第二節 研究問題 ... 5 第三節 研究範圍 ... 5 第二章 文獻探討 ... 7 第一節 組織承諾之理論探討 ... 7 第二節 角色衝突之 理論探討 ... 11 第三節 工作壓力之理論探討 ... 16 第四節 工作價值觀之理論探討 ... 24 第五節 角色衝突、工作壓力、工作價值觀與組 織承諾之相關研究 ... 29 第三章 研究方法 ... 30 第一節 研究架構 ... 30 第二節 研究假設 ... 31 第三節 研究對象與抽樣方法 ... 31 第四節 研 究工具 ... 32 第五節 資料處理與統計方法 ... 43 第四章 研究結果 ... 45 第一節 背 景變項與研究變項之分析 ... 45 第二節 教師背景變項與主要變項之差異分析 ... 53 第三節 研究變項相關性之探討 ... 63 第四節 角色衝突對組織承諾之影響 ... 68 第五節 角色衝突對工作壓力之影響 ... 70 第六節 工作壓 力對組織承諾之影響 ... 71 第七節 工作壓力對角色衝突與組織承諾之中介 效果 ... 72 第八節 工作價 值觀對工作壓力與組織承諾之干 擾效果 ... 74 第九節 實證結果 ... 80 第五章 結論

... 82 第一節 研究結論 ... 82 第二節 建議 ... 87 參考文獻

... 92 附錄A 正式問卷 ... 107 附錄B 預式問卷 ... 111 附錄C 角色衝突 項目分析 ... 115 附錄D 工作壓力項目分析 ... 116 附錄E 工作價值觀項目分析 ... 117 附 錄F 組織承諾項目分析 ... 118

REFERENCES

(2)

ㄧ、中文部份 1.王玉麟(2006),高職科主任工作壓力之探討,學校行政雙月刊,45, 140-153。 2.王俊明(2004),教練工作價值觀對組織 承諾、工作投入及工作滿意 度的影響,台灣運動心理學報,5。 3.王家通(2005),多元化教育改革趨勢與問題,教育研究與發展期 刊,1

,2。 4.王國揚(2002),角色衝突、工作壓力與離職傾向關係之探討–以財 政部台灣省中區國稅局為例,國立中山大學人力資源管理 研 究所未出版之碩士論文。 5.王叢桂(2002),價值觀的形成與變遷,應用心理研究雜誌,14,77。 6.江文雄(2001),學校行政新論,台北:師 大書苑,271-301。 7.吳宗立,林保豊(2003),國民小學教師工作壓力與組織承諾關係之 研究,國教學報,15,193-230。 8.吳清

山(1999a),教育革新與發展,台北:師大書苑。 9.吳清山(1999b),學校行政(第四版),台北:心理。 10.吳清山,林天祐(2005a),組織承諾

,教育研究月刊,136,159。 11.吳清山,林天祐(2005b),工作壓力,教育資料與研究雙月刊,65, 135。 12.吳鐵雄,李坤崇,劉佑星

,歐慧敏(1995),工作價值觀量表之編製 初步報告,測驗年刊,42,227-244。 13.吳鐵雄、李坤崇、劉佑星、歐慧敏(1996),工作價值觀 量表之編製 研究,台北:行政院青年輔導委員會委託研究報告。 14.呂宜蓁,梁玉秋(2004),現今運動指導員工作價值觀之探討,大專 體 育,73,126-132。 15.李新鄉(2000),師範校院公自費生與一般大學教育學程學生就讀滿 意度、工作價值觀、教師角色知覺與任教承諾 之比較研究, 國民教育研究學報,6,25-33。 16.李經遠,李棟榮(2003),矩陣式組織結構下角色衝突、組織承諾、 離職意願關聯性研 究-以工業技術研究院員工為例,中華管 理學報,4(1),21-44。 17.李樑吉(2005),國民中學教師工作壓力與組織承諾關係之研究─以 彰 化縣國民中學為例,彰化師範大學商業教育學系未出版 之碩士論文。 18.林月娜,吳明隆(2004),國小專任行政人員角色衝突、工作壓 力與 因應策略之研究,學校行政雙月刊,33,52-70。 19.林明珠,林麗華(2005),體育教師兼任行政工作之角色衝突研究- 以台南縣市國 民中學為例,嘉南學報,21,444-453。 20.林清江(1989),變遷與調適—社會變遷中的教師角色,輯於台灣省 政府教育廳編,教師的社 會責任,(pp. 72-84)。 21.林清江(1971),教師角色理論與師範教育改革動向之比較研究,師 大教育研究所集刊,13。 22.林碧榆(2005)

,國小教師工作價值觀及其影響因素之研究,國立台 北師範學院教育政策與管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。 23.林曉萍(2002),教師工 作壓力面面觀,國教之聲,34(1),53-58。 24.風貞豪,何若湯(2004),台北縣國民小學體育教師工作壓力與組織 承諾關係之研究,東南 學報,29,379-389。 25.洪瑞斌,劉兆明(2003),工作價值觀之回顧與前瞻,應用心理研究, 19,211-250。 26.洪嘉鴻(2003),角色壓力 與組織承諾關係之研究-台日之比較,領 東學報,18,9-31。 27.洪麗美(2004),組織變革認知、工作壓力與組織承諾關係之研究- 以改制 後私立科技大學行政人員為例,國立中山大學人力 資源管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。 28.范熾文(2005),國小校長轉型領導與教師組 織承諾關係之研究,台 中教育大學學報,19(2),1-22。 29.涂燕玲(2003),國民小學教師角色衝突之研究,國立屏東師範學院 國民教育 研究所未出版之碩士論文。 30.康正男(2001),台灣職業棒球員工作價值觀契合度與組織承諾、工 作滿意之關係,體育學報,32,99-109

。 32.張明輝(2003),學校行政專業角色的新思維,發表於高級中學行政 革新學術研討會,台北:國立政治大學教育學院。 33.張春 興(1981),教育心理學,台北:東華出版社。 34.張春興(1991),現代心理學,台北:東華。 35.張春興(1996),教育心理學,台北:東華書局。

36.張春興(2000),現代心理學,台北:東華書局。 37.張順發,羅希哲(2005),國小教師工作價值觀與組織承諾關係之研 究,國民教育研究 學報,14,79-111。 38.張德瑞(1980),台北市國民中學行政人員所經歷的角色衝突與角色 不明確之研究,新竹師院學報,4:61-89。 39.

教育部(1998),國民教育階段九年一貫課程總綱綱要,台北:教育 部。 40.莊淑灣,呂錘卿(2005),中部地區國民中小學主任工作壓力與因 應 方式之研究,台中教育大學學報,19(2),127-150。 41.郭順成,趙必孝,王喻平,陳榮德(2004),政府組織再造策略對員 工組織承諾 與工作投入影響之研究—以精省為例,人力資 源管理學報,4(1),1-28。 42.陳券彪,羅文旗(2005),學校行政人員工作壓力、工作特性 與工作 滿意之研究,學校行政雙月刊,38,11-30。 43.陳素惠(2005),教師工作壓力探討,諮商與輔導,229,28-34。 44.陳惠芳,洪嘉 徽(2006),員工知覺薪酬公平與賦權對組織承諾影響 之研究,東吳經濟商學學報,52,235-261。 45.陳瑞惠(2003),私立高中教師工作價 值觀、工作壓力與組織承諾之 研究,彰化師範大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 46.曾子軒,曾嘉琪(1998),台南市國民小學教師教 學兼職行政角色衝 突與工作滿意之研究,台南師院學生學刊,19,1-38。 47.曾怡錦(2004),教師工作壓力、組織承諾與學校效能關係之 研究- 以台南市高級職業學校為例,成功大學企業管理所未出版 之碩士論文。 48.曾慧萍,鄭雅文(2002),「負荷-控制-支持」與「付出- 回饋失衡」 工作壓力模型中文版量表之信校度檢驗:以電子產業員工 為研究對象,台灣公共衛生雜誌,21(6),420-432。 49.游肇賢(2003)

,國中兼任行政工作教師角色衝突與工作滿意之研 究,國立高雄師範大學學校行政研究所未出版之碩士論文。 50.黃文三(2003),學校 本位管理理念建構下:我國中等學校教師角色 知覺、工作價值觀與疏離感關係之研究,高雄:復文。 51.黃義良(2000),國小兼任行政工作 教師工作壓力與調適方式之研 究,屏東師範學院國民教育研究集刊,4,83-114。 52.葉子超(2005),國民中小學校長行政領導、工作壓 力與積極調適之 道,學校行政雙月刊,36。 53.褚麗絹,許秀琴,陳淑慧(2005),司法矯正人員角色衝突、工作態 度、工作壓力與離職 傾向關係之研究,經營管理論叢,1(1), 35-46。 54.廖年淼,何信助,賴明娟(2004),高級職業學校組織文化與教師組 織承諾關係之研 究,中正教育研究,3(2),69-96。 55.趙惠玉(2003),工作標準化對角色衝突、角色模糊關係之研究-以 台灣高科技產業為例,文大商管 學報,8(2),97-113。 56.劉春榮(1993),國民小學組織結構、教師對組織功能需求與學校衝 突研究,初等教育學刊,7,39-84。 57.歐素 雯(2004),文化行政局人員角色衝突、工作壓力與職業倦怠關 係之研究,國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所未出版之碩 士論文。 58.蔡 育佑(2006),運動教練工作價值觀與組織承諾關係之研究,體育 學報,39(2),107-120。 59.蔡俊傑,張順發(2004),以結構方程模式探討 教師工作生活品質、 工作價值觀與組織承諾之關係,屏東師院學報,21,69-109。 60.蔡進雄(2005),超越轉型領導:國民中小學校長新 轉型領導影響教 師組織承諾之研究,國民教育研究集刊,13,37-63。 61.鄭永祥(2005),國小兼任行政職務教師工作價值觀、角色衝突 與工 作投入關係之研究,屏東師範學院教育行政研究所未出版 之碩士論文。 62.鄭媛文,任麗華(2004),桃園縣國小資源班教師工作壓 力與工作滿 意度相關之研究,國民教育研究集刊,14,205-233。 63.賴明政(2004),企業倫理行為、組織承諾、工作滿足與組織公平行 為關係之研究,企業管理學報,60,31-60。 64.謝金青(1994),國民小學行政兼職教師角色衝突之研究,教育與心 理研究,17:361-390。

65.簡俊成,翁志成,楊玲惠(2001),服務業員工角色壓力、自我效能、 工作滿意度與內部服務品質之關係-以百貨業為例之實證研 究,

中山管理評論,9(3),395-423。 66.蕭國倉(2004),國民小學特殊教育教師工作價值觀與工作壓力相關 之研究,特殊教育學報,19

,194-195。 二、英文部分 Albertson, L. M., & Kagan, D. M. (1987). Occupational stress among teachers. Journal of research and Development

(3)

in Education, 21(1), 69-75. Bogler, R., & Somech, A. (2004). Influence of teacher empowerment on teachers’ organizational

commitment,professional commit-ment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools. Teach-ing and teacher Education, 20, 277-289. Boles, J.

S., & Babin, B. J. (1996). On the front lines: Stress, Conflict, and the customer service provider. Journal of Business Reserch, 37, 41-50. Boswell, W.

R., Olson-Buchanan, J. B. & LePine, M. A. (2004). Rela-tions between stress and work outcome: The role of felt chal-lenge, job control, and psychological strain. Journal of Voca-tional Behavior, 64, 165-181. Brief, A. P., Schuler, R. S., & Van Sell, M. (1981). Managing job stress. Boston : Little, Brown and Company. Buchanan, B. (1974). Building organizational commitment: The so-cialization of managers in work organization.

Administrative Science Quarterly, 19, 533-546. Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2005). Work-family conflict among fe-male teachers.Teaching and Teacher Education, 21, 365-378. Dose, J. J. (1997). Work Values: An Integrative Framework and Illus-trative Application to Organization Socialization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(3), 219-240. Feather, N. T., & Rauter, K. A. (2004). Organizational citizenship be-haviours in relation to job status,job insecurity ,organizational commitment and identification,job satisfaction and work values.

Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 81-94. Ferris, K. R., & Aranya, N. (1983). A comparison of two organiza-tional commitment scales. Personnel Psychology, 36, 87-99. Griffin, R. W. (2001). Managemant. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. Hrebiniak, L.

G., & Alutto, J. A. (1972). Personal and role related fac-tors in the development of organizational commitment. Admin-istrative Science Quarterly, 17(4), 555-573. Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Stress in role conflict and am-biguity. New York: John Wiley. Karasek, R., Brisson, C., Kawakami, N., Houtman, I., Bongers, P., & Amick, B. (1998). The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): an in-strument for internationally comparative assessments of psy-chosocial job characteristics. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 322-355. Karasek, R., Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life. New York: Basic Books, 1-82。 Knoop, R. (1994). Work values and job satisfaction. Journal of Psy-chology Interdisciplinary & Applied, 128(6), 683-689. Lankau, M. J., Carlson, D. S., & Neilson, T. R. (2006). The mediating influence of roles stressors in the relationship between mentor-ing and job attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 308-322. Lemon, M. A., & Jones, C. A. (2001). Procedural justice in promotion decisions:

using perceptions of fairness to build employee commitment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(4)268-280 Leong, C. S., Furnham, A., &

Cooper, C. L. (1996). The moderating effect of organizational commitment on the occupational stress outcome relationship. Human Relations, 49(10), 1345-1363. Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1984). Testing the ‘side-bet theory’ of or-ganizational commitment: Some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(3), 372-378. Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualiza-tion of organizational commitment. Human Resource Manage-ment Review, 1, 61–89. Michaels, R. E., Day, R. L., & Joachimsthaler, E. A. (1987). Role stress among industrial buyer: An integrative model. Journal of Marketing, 51, 28-45. Miller, J. G. (1975). The Nature of Living. Behavior Science, 20, 334-365. Miller, M. F. (1974). Relational of vocational maturity to work values. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 5, 367-371. Mohr, A. T. &

Puck, J. F. (2007). Role Conflict, General Manager Job satisfaction and Stress and the Performance of IJVs. European Management Journal, 25(1), 25-35. Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measure-ment of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Be-havior, 14, 224-247. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee -organization linkage. New York: Academic Press. Porter, W. L., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric cians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609. Ravlin, E. C. & Meglino, B. M. (1989). The Transitivity of Work Val-ues: Hierarchical Performance Ordering of Socially Desirable Stimuli. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 44, 465-476. Reichers, A. E. (1985). A review and reconceptualization of organiza-tional commitmet. Academy of Management Review, 12, 460-471. Reyes, P. (1990). Teachers and their

wordplace: Commitment, performance, and productivity. California: Sage publication. Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15, 150-163. Robbins, S. P. (1996). Organizational Behavior:

Concept, controver-sies, Applications. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Robbins, S. P. (1994). Essentials of organizational behavior. Engle-wood cliffs, New jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press. Siegrist, J. (1996). Adverse Health Effects of High-Effort/Low-Reward Conditions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 27-41. Siegrist, J. & Peter, R. (2000). The effort-eward imbalance modle. Occupational Medicine, 15(1), 83-87. Silver, P. (1983). Educational administration: Theoretical perspectives on practice and research. New York: Happer & Row. Siu, O. L. (2003). Job stress and job performance among employees in Hong Kong: The role of Chinese work values and organiza-tional commitment. International journal of psychology, 38(6), 337-347. Stevens, J. M., Beyer, J. M., & Trice, H.

M. (1978). Assessing per-sonal, role, and organizational predictors of managerial com-mitment. Academy of Management Journal, 21(3), 380-396.

Super, D. E. (1957). The psychology of careers. New York: Harper. Super, D. E. (1970). Work Values Invertory, Application and Research Manual. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Wasti, S. A. (2005). Commitment Profiles: Combinations of organiza-tional commitment forms and job outcomes. Journal of Voca-tional Behavior, 67, 290-308. Wetzels, M., Ruyter, K. & Bloemer, J. (2000). Antecedents and con-sequence of role stress of retail sales persons. Journal of Retail-ing and Consumer Services, 7, 65-75. Woodward, S. E. (1972). Role conflict in a group of religious teachers. Sociology of education, 45.

參考文獻

相關文件

Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies FT, PT Master of Mediation and Conflict Resolution FT, PT Master of Social Sciences in Psychology PT The University of

S3: And the products were the lipase fatty acid…no, no, fatty acid and glycerol and the enzyme remained unchanged. S1: Our enzyme was amylase and our substrate

Wang, Solving pseudomonotone variational inequalities and pseudocon- vex optimization problems using the projection neural network, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 17

Define instead the imaginary.. potential, magnetic field, lattice…) Dirac-BdG Hamiltonian:. with small, and matrix

Source: The Mediation Process: Practical Strategies for Resolving Conflict', 3rd Ed

• Concept of High Conflict Complainants, their characteristics and relationship with Personality Disorders.. • Tips in handling High Conflict

Microphone and 600 ohm line conduits shall be mechanically and electrically connected to receptacle boxes and electrically grounded to the audio system ground point.. Lines in

Keywords: Financial and Insurance Industry, Work Motivation, Work Pressure, Job Satisfaction, Organizational