臺灣產吳茱萸屬植物果實之成分研究
中文摘要
吳茱萸為吳茱萸 ( Evodia rutaecarpa, 屬於芸香科 ) 的未成熟乾燥果實，被收載於神農本 草經中品，其記載 : 吳茱萸性溫具有辛辣味，可溫身，除腹脹，止痛，止嗝，去濕，除 風邪，促進血液循環，對冷熱症均好。中醫廣泛用於治療頭痛，腹痛，痢疾，產後出血 和閉經等疾病。 @ 有關其成分研究報告指出，吳茱萸含有多種 quinazolinocarbo- line alkaloids ，如 evodiamine ， rutaecarpine ， dehydroevo- diamine... 等。而它們分別被 證實具有強心 (evodiamine) ，增強子宮收縮力 ( rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine ) ，降血 壓、抗心律不整、舒張血管 (dehydroevodiamine) 等活性。臺灣產吳茱萸屬植物，除吳 茱萸 ( Evodia rutaecarpa ) 外，尚有山刈葉 ( E. merrillii ) ，臭辣樹 ( E. meliaefolia ) 和三 叉虎 ( E.lepta ）。其果實成分均未見有過報告，本研究係對臺灣產吳茱萸屬植物果實的 成分加以探討。利用各種柱層層析之方法，分別自吳茱萸 ( Evodiae fructus ) ，山刈葉 ( Evodia merrillii ) ，臭辣樹 ( E. meliaefolia ) ，及三叉虎 (Evodia lepta ) 的乾燥果實之酒精 萃取物，分離其成分。吳茱萸果實部份，得到九個化合物，計有五個生物鹼，三個類黃 酮素，及一個苦味素。其中一個生物鹼推測為新化合物，而三個類黃酮素在此植物果實 為首次發現。臭辣樹果實部份，共分離得到十七個化合物，分別有五個苦味素，四個生 物鹼，五個類黃酮素，一個三帖類，植物固醇及長鏈脂肪醇。山刈葉果實部份，共分離 得到十一個化合物，其中包含六個新的苯乙酮類化合物，四個類黃酮素，及 adenosine 。 三叉虎果實部份，得到六個化合物，包含三個苯乙酮類化合物，二個類
黃酮素，及植物固醇。其中一個苯乙酮為新化合物。所有的化合物，利用光譜分析及化 學反應或製備衍生物的方法而決定其結構，計有三十八種化合物，其中八種為天然界新 發現之化合物。Phytochemical Studies on the Fruits of Formosan Evodia Genus Plants
英文摘要
Wu-Chu-Yu, the dried unripen fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa (i.e. Fructus Evodiae ), is a commonly used Chin ese medicine and well documented in Chinese medical book " Sheng Nung Pents''ao Ching ".
Traditionally, Wu-Chu-Yu has been used for the treatment of headache, abdominal pains, dysentery, post- partum hemorrhage and amenorrhea. Wu-Chu-Yu contains a variety of quinazolinocarboline alkaloids incl uding evodiamine, rutaecarpine, and dehydroevo- diamine. These compounds were found to be active in ca rdio- tonic( evodiamine ), uterotonic( rutaecarpine and dehydro- evodiamine ), vasodilative( dehydroevodi amine ), hypotensive( dehydroevodiamine ),and antiarrhythmic ( dehydroevodiamine ) actions. Since there are Evodia rutaecarpa, E. merrillii, E. meliaefolia; and E. lepta that belong to Evodia genus in Taiwan, stud y of the constituents of these Evodia fruits, therefore, became our interest. The alcoholic extracts of the dri ed unripen fruits of Evodia genus were charged to column chromatographic metho- dology for separation a nd purification of its constituents. From E. Fructus, a new quinazolinocarboline alkaloids( 7- hydroxyrutae carpine ) was obtained; from E. merrillii, six novel acetophenones [ 4-(1''- geranyloxy)- 2,6-d i-hydroxy-3- isopentenylacetophenone, 2 - (1''-geranyloxy)- 4,6-dihydroxy acetophenone, 4 - (1''-geranyloxy)-2, 6-dihydroxyacetophenone, 4-(1''-geranyloxy)- 2,6,β-trihydro xyacetophenone, 4-(1''- geranyloxy)-2,6,β -trihydroxy-3-dimethylallylacetophenone, and 2-(1
''-geranyloxy)-4,6,β-trihydroxyacetophenone] were isolated; from E. meliaefolia, 17 known c ompounds were isolated; and from E. lepta , a novel acetophenone C-glyco- side ( 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetoph enone-3,5-di-C-glucoside) was isolated. Overall, thirty eight compounds were isolated and iden- tified fro m the fruits of Evodia plants in Taiwan, and eight of them were characterized as new compounds.
