• 沒有找到結果。

The Relations among Exercise Participation, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Achievement in Adolescence 葉振偉、謝智玲

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "The Relations among Exercise Participation, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Achievement in Adolescence 葉振偉、謝智玲"

Copied!
6
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)

The Relations among Exercise Participation, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Achievement in Adolescence

葉振偉、謝智玲

E-mail: 319678@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

The first purpose of this study was to explore exercise participation, self-efficacy and academic achievement in adolescence. The second purpose of this study was to compare the gender differences among adolescents’ exercise participation, self-efficacy and academic achievement. The third purpose of this study was to examine the rela-tionships among exercise participation, self-efficacy and academic achievement in ado-lescence. The fourth purpose of this study was to examine how exercise participation in

adolescence predicted self-efficacy and academic achievement in adolescence.Seven hundred forty-one ninth grade adolescents from eight high schools in Taichung and Changhua county participated in the study. The instruments for this study were Exercise Participation Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale(multidimensional self-efficacy for exercise scale, Children's Self-Efficacy Scale). The descriptive statistic, t-test, Pearson correla-tions, multiple regression and hierarchical regression were conducted to test each re-search question. The results clearly showed that: 1. Adolescents involed in less exercise participation.Their self-efficacy, and academic achievement showed higher scores than average. 2. Boys showed higher scores than girls on exercise participation, task, coping and scheduling efficacy. Girls showed higher scores than boys on self-regulating and English efficacy. There were no gender difference in academic achievement. 3. Exercise participation, self-efficacy, and academic achievement in adolescence were associated. 4. Exercise participation and self-efficacy could be used to predict academic achieve-ment. 5. Boys’ Exercise

participation showed direct effects on academic achievement and in-direct effects on academic achievement through self-regulating, English, and math-science efficacy. Girls’ Exercise participation showed direct effects on aca-demic achievement and indirect effects on academic achievement through coping, English, and math-science efficacy.In other words, self-efficacy was the mediator between exercise participation and academic achievement. Key Words: exercise participation, self-efficacy, academic achievement, adoles-cence

Keywords : self-efficacy、academic achievement、exercise participation、adolescence Table of Contents

內容目錄 中文摘要 .....................iii 英文摘要 ..................

...iv 誌謝辭 .....................vi 內容目錄 ...................

..vii 表目錄  .....................ix 圖目錄  ..................

...xi 第一章  緒論...................1   第一節  研究動機...........

....1   第二節  研究目的...............5   第三節  研究問題..........

.....5   第四節  名詞解釋...............6   第五節  研究範圍與限制......

......8 第二章 文獻探討.................9   第一節 運動參與的定義和內涵......

...9 第二節 自我效能的定義理論基礎........19 第三節 青少年運動參與、自我效能與學業成就之相 關研究

................ 38 第三章 研究方法與工具..............53   第一節  研究架 構...............53   第二節  研究對象與樣本的選取.........56   第三節  研 究工具...............57   第四節  資料處理方法.............65   第五節   實施程序...............66 第四章 研究結果與討論..............69   第一節   調查樣本的結構分析和描述性統計分析..68 第二節 不同性別之青少年在運動參與、自我效能與 學業成就方面之差異 情形........ 74   第三節  青少年運動參與、自我效能與學業成就之相 關情形............

.... 78   第四節  青少年運動參與和自我效能對學業成就之多 元逐步迴歸預測情形.......... 81    第五節  青少年運動參與、自我效能與學業學業成就 之中介效果.............. 92 第五章 結論與建 議................101 第一節 研究結論...............101 第二節 研究建議...

............103 參考文獻 .....................106 附錄 問卷........

...........138 表目錄 表 1- 1身體活動和運動異同處.............11 表 2- 1自我效能的各種 類型..............27 表 2- 2運動和自我效能的研究相關整理.........41 表 2- 3自我效能和學 業成就之研究相關整理.......48 表 3- 1選取之學校與有效樣本人數...........57 表 3- 2運動自我效

(2)

能量表項目分析摘要表........61 表 3- 3學業自我效能量表項目分析摘要表........61 表 3- 4運動自我 效能之因素分析摘要表.........63 表 3- 5學業自我效能之因素分析摘要表.........64 表 4- 1樣本人 數分配及百分比分析摘要表........69 表 4- 2青少年運動參與的平均數與標準差........71 表 4- 3青少 年自我效能的平均數與標準差........73 表 4- 4運動參與男女間差異情形............75 表 4- 5自 我效能分量表男女間差異情形.........76 表 4- 6男女學業成就的差異情形............77 表 4- 7 青少男運動參與、自我效能與學業成就之相關分析摘要表..................... 78 表 4- 8青少 女運動參與、自我效能與學業成就之相關分析摘要表..................... 79 表 4- 9青少男運 動參與、運動自我效能對學業成就之多元逐步迴歸模式摘要................ 83 表 4-10青少男運動參 與、運動自我效能對學業成就之多元逐步迴歸.................... 84 表 4-11青少男運動參與、

學業自我效能對學業成就之多元逐步迴歸模式摘要................ 86 表 4-12青少男運動參與、學業 自我效能對學業成就之多元逐步迴歸係數摘要分析表............. 86 表 4-13青少女運動參與、運動自我 效能對學業成就之多元逐步迴歸模式摘要................ 88 表 4-14青少女運動參與、運動自我效能 對學業成就之多元逐步迴歸係數模式分析表............. 88 表 4-15青少女運動參與、學業自我效能對學 業成就之多元逐步迴歸模式摘要................ 90 表 4-16青少女運動參與、學業自我效能對學業成 就之多元逐步迴歸係數摘要分析表............. 90 表 4-17青少男運動參與在自我調節效能、數理效能、

英文效能對學業成就之階層迴歸分析摘表........ 94 表 4-18青少女運動參與在解決困難效能對學業成就之階層 迴歸分析摘要表................. 96 表 4-19青少女運動參與在數理效能、英文效能對學業成就之階 層迴歸分析摘要表.............. 98 圖目錄 圖 2- 1社會認知理論交互作用架構圖.........

.21 圖 2- 2自我效能架構理論...............21 圖 2- 3自我效能的來源、判斷、和結果.......

..24 圖 2- 4自我效能和表現的線性關係...........36 圖 3- 1研究架構圖...............

...54 圖 3- 2中介變項要件圖................55 圖 4- 1青少男運動參與在自我調節效能、數理效能

、英文效能對學業成就之中介效果圖........... 95 圖 4- 2青少女解決困難效能在運動參與和學業成就的中 介效果..................... 97 圖 4- 3青少女數理、英語效能在運動參與合學業成就的中介效 果..................... 99

REFERENCES

參考文獻 一、中文部分 Gruning, C. (2006),讀書別靠意志力(莊仲黎譯),台北:究竟出版,(原文於2006年出版)。 John, R., & Hagerman, E.

(2008),運動改造大腦(謝維玲譯),台北: 野人文化,(原文於2008年出版)。 丁嘉輝(2008),台北縣、市國民小學高年級學童休閒運動參與 現況及阻礙因素之研究,私立輔仁大學體育學系研究所未出版之碩士論文。 王琳雅(2006),四技大學生生活壓力、自我效能與因應策略 之探討,私立中國醫藥大學護理學研究所未出版之碩士論文。 王錠堯,王順正,陳信良(2004),青少年體能商與學業成績的關係研究,

運動生理暨體能學報,5(1),174-186。 石培欣(2000),國民中學學生家庭環境、同儕關係與學業成就之相關研究,國立高雄師範大學教 育學系研究所未出版之碩士論文。 朱冠樺(2008),家庭背景、文化資本的類型及多寡對國中生學業成就的影響-以台東縣為例,國立臺 東大學教育學系研究所未出版之碩士論文。 行政院衛生署(2009),97年度死因統計[線上資源] 來源:

http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?now_fod_list_no=10238&class_no=440&level_no=1[2009, Aug 8]。 何麗君(2004),國 中學生自我效能、集體效能與學業成就之相關研究,國立彰化師範大學教育學系研究所未出版之碩士論文。 何鑫憲(2003),國民小學教 師規律運動行為與其相關因素之研究-以台南縣為例,國立臺南大學體育教育學系研究所未出版之碩士論文。 吳仁宇(1997),家長之態 度行為與其就讀臺北市國中子女之健康體能的關係研究,國立師範大學衛生教育學系研究所未出版之博士論文。 吳明隆(2003),SPSS 統 計應用學習實務: 問卷分析與應用統計,台北:知城數位科技。 吳朝淵(2007),臺北市兩所國民中學學生自尊、學業成就與規律運動行為 之縱貫性研究,國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 李月萍,陳玉敏(2004),自我效能理論於老人運動行 為之應用,長庚護理,15(4),416-422。 李美瑜(2005),大學生多元智能、自我效能與學習意願關係之研究,私立大葉大學教育專業發展 研究所未出版之碩士論文。 李美慧(2004),國小六年級學童個人背景、父母管教方式與自我概念對學業成就之相關研究,私立長榮大學 經營管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。 李偉文(2010, December 1),【樂活時代】大量運動流汗,有助提升專注力及記憶力,康健雜誌,12

,25-30。 李彩華(1997),台北市國中學生身體活動量及其影響因素研究, 國立師範大學體育學系研究所未出版之碩士論文。 李碧霞,

陳靜敏(2005),國小高年級學童身體意象、自尊與身體活動之研究,醫護科技學刊,7(1),43-55。 李灝銘(2008),國中學生的學校相關壓 力對其學業成就、身心健康的影響:以內控信念、自我效能為干擾變數, 私立真理大學管理科學研究所未出版之碩士論文。 沈連 魁(2004),嘉義地區大學新生運動參與程度與心理適應能力關係之探討,體育學報,36(1),14-27。 周啟葶(2006),高中生英語自我效能

、英語學習焦慮、英語學習策略與英語學習成就關係之研究,國立臺灣師範大學教育學系研究所未出版之博士論文。 周啟葶,程玉秀

,宋秋美(2009),英語自我效能、英語學習焦慮與英語學習成就之相關研究-以臺北市高中生為例,教育與心理研究,32(2),81-111。

林文乾(2006),國中學生自我效能、父母期望、教室結構知覺與學業成就之研究,國立彰化師範大學教育學系研究所未出版之碩士論文

。 林正常(1997),運動生理學,台北:師大書苑。 林正常,王順正(2002),健康運動的方法與保健,台北:師大書苑。 林怡如(2003),綜合 高中學生數學焦慮、數學自我效能與數學學業成就之關係研究,國立雲林科技大學技術及職業教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 林建 豪(2006),國小學童身體質量指數,身體型態,基本運動能力與學業成績之相關研究,嘉大體育健康休閒期刊,5, 96-109。 林曉

(3)

薇(2003),應用跨理論模式於台北市高中職學生規律運動行為之探討,國立陽明大學社區護理研究所未出版之碩士論文。 邱文玉(2007),

自我效能與代理效能對運動行為影響之研究-以有氧舞蹈參與者為例,私立樹德科技大學經營管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。 邱政 皓(2006),量化研究與統計分析,台北:五南書局。 邱慶瑞(2003),學業成績好壞與體適能的表現比較-以台北市永春高中為例,北體學 報,11,173-179。 侯雪香(2007),國中資優生學業自我效能、解釋型態與學業成就之相關研究,國立臺北教育大學特殊教育學系研究所 未出版之碩士論文。 俞素華(2007),某技術學院學生規律運動行為影響因素之研究, 國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系研究所 未出版之碩士論文。 洪志忠(2007),澎湖地區青少年休閒運動參與現況之研究,國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 洪惟 泉(2001),不同學業成就專校學生休閒活動參與狀況之差異比較,私立中國文化大學運動教練研究所未出版之碩士論文。 洪菁穗(1998),

探討國中生在理化科的學術地位、自我效能與學業成敗歸因之關係,國立臺灣大學物理學研究所未出版之碩士論文。 洪潔棱(2009),國 中學生家庭社會資本與學業成就之研究,私立大葉大學教育專業發展研究所未出版之碩士論文。 范振義(2005),大學生身體活動、情緒 智力及自尊心之關係研究, 國立中正大學運動與休閒教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 高俊雄(2002),運動休閒事業管理,桃園:志軒企 業有限公司。 張小芬(2008),國小學童的自我效能、目標導向、知覺教師期望對學業成就的影響之研究,私立大葉大學教育專業發展研 究所未出版之碩士論文。 張正發(2000),台北縣新莊市國小學生家長運動參與行為及其影響因素之研究,國立體育學院體育研究所未出 版之碩士論文。 張民讚(2004),彰化縣國民小學高年級學生運動參與行為及相關因素之研究,臺南師範學院教師在職進修體育研究所未 出版之碩士論文 張春興(1989),張氏心理學辭典,台北:東華書局。 張景媛(1991),大學生認知風格,動機與自我調整因素,后設認知與 學業成績關係之研究,教育心理學報,24, 145-161。 梁茂森(1998),國中生學習自我效能量表之編製,高師大教育月刊,14,155-192

。 莊立中(2005),台北縣新莊地區國中生運動行為及其影響因素之研究,私立輔仁大學體育學系研究所未出版之碩士論文。 許玉 芳(2007),國小學童的教師期望、父母期望 與自我效能、學業成就之相關研究,國立屏東教育大學心理輔導教育研究所未出版之碩士論 文。 許秀鳳(2004),中和地區國中肥胖與非肥胖學生身體活動量及其相關因素之研究,國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文

。 許泰彰(2000),國小教師運動行為及其相關因素之研究,國立體育學院體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 許樹淵,許梓宜(2005),運動 教育學,台北:師大書苑。 郭雪貞,蔡忠賢(2008),數學自我效能之研究-以技術學院新生?例,國立臺中技術學院學報,9(1),61-71。

陳玉玲(1994),目標設定、目標投入與自我效能對國小學生數學作業表現的影響,國立高雄師範大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 陳 志祥(2007),綜合高中學生學業成就、創造力與資訊素養之研究-以新化高工為例,國立高雄師範大學資訊教育研究所未出版之碩士論 文。 陳宜君(2004),自我效能訊息來源影響下高職商業類科學生學業自我效能之研究,國立臺北科技大學技術及職業教育研究所未出版 之碩士論文。 陳忠勝(2006),青少年身體活動量與身體意象的關聯及其性別差異,國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 陳 芮淇(2001),新竹市某高職學生運動行為及其影響因素之研究, 國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 陳冠如(2004),比較 不同肥胖度之大學新生身體活動與其影響因素,國立成功大學護理研究所未出版之碩士論文。 陳建台(2005),雲林縣國中生運動參與程 度、運動自我效能與壓力因應能力之關連性研究,國立中正大學運動與休閒教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 陳美娥(1996),國小學習遲 緩兒童父母教養方式與成就動機、生活適應、學業成就之關係研究,國立台北市立師範學院初等教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 陳珮 娟(2006),不同性別、學業成就高年級學童之失敗歸因與自我設限行為研究,國立新竹教育大學教育心理與諮商研究所未出版之碩士論 文。 陳嘉惠(2007),國中學生知覺教師期望、自我效能與學業成就關係之研究-以新竹縣市為例,國立彰化師範大學教育研究所未出版 之碩士論文。 陳肇芳(2006),大學校院學生休閒運動參與、涉入與滿意度關係之研究,國立嘉義大學體育與健康休閒研究所未出版之碩 士論文。 彭清宏(2004),國中學生父母教養方式、情緒智力與自我調節學習之相關研究,國立彰化師範大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論 文。 彭馨潁(2008),臺北市青少年休閒運動參與程度與體育課學習成效之相關研究,北體學報,20,192-204。 曾玉玲(1992),臺北市高 智商低成就國中學生學習信念與相關因素之探討,國立政治大學育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 曾慧青(2009),台灣民眾運動習慣與學生 運動參與情況分析[線上資料],來源: http://www.npf.org.tw/post/3/5745 [2009, Dec 5]。 黃文俊(2000),坐式生活型態在兒童健康體適能 之比較分析研究, 體育學報,28,10-25。 黃俊發(2008),小學桌球訓練經驗對於自我效能、運動動機與運動行為之影響,運動教練科 學,11-30。 黃富順(1974),影響國中生學業成就家庭因素 影響國中生學業成就家庭因素影響國中生學業成就家庭因素影響國中生學業 成就家庭因素,國立台灣師範大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 楊淑萍(1995a),自我效能在認知技巧學習和生涯發展上的應用(上),

諮商與輔導,110,20-25。 楊淑萍(1995b),自我效能在認知技巧學習和生涯發展上的應用(下),諮商與輔導,111,14-18。 溫密欣(2008)

,高雄縣某國中影響課後規律運動行為相關因素之研究,國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 葉碧 桂(2006),以自我效能觀點探討健身運動介入對憂鬱症改善的立即效果,國立臺北教育大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 葉麗珠(2006)

,國中生數學學習態度與數學學業成就之相關研究, 國立台北大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 詹敏娟(2003),國小三年級數學學習 困難學生與普通學生學業自我效能之研究,國立彰化師範大學特殊教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 詹璿芳(2006),國小資賦優異學生與 普通班學生解釋型態、自我效能與學業成就之研究,國立臺北教育大學特殊教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 廖真瑜(2004),國中學生自 我效能、目標導向、課業任務價值與學業延宕之關係研究,國立彰化師範大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 趙柏原(1999),國中生自 我效能,求助態度與課業求助行為之相關研究,國立彰化師範大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 劉坤宏(2003),彰化縣國中生運動行

為及其影響因素之研究,國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 劉信雄(1991),國小學生認知風格 學習策略 自我效能

與學業成就關係之研究,國立政治大學教育研究所未出版之博士論文。 劉建廷(2006),青少年身體活動參與和身體自我概念之關聯,國 立臺灣師範大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 劉翠薇,黃淑貞(1999),臺北縣某商專學生運動行為及其影響因素之研究,學校衛生

,12,34-32。 劉曦萍(2008),教學活動介入對國小學童的規律運動行為、健康信念及運動自我效能影響之研究,國立屏東教育大學體育 研究所未出版之碩士論文。 潘姿吟(2007),高中職二年級學生知覺教師期望、學業歸因、學業自我效能與學業成就之相關研究,國立成 功大學教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 蔡長陵(2007),國小教師運動自我效能、運動參與程度與情緒智力之相關研究,雲林科技大學休 閒與運動研究所未出版之碩士論文。 蔡英美,王俊明(2006),中年人運動參與動機、自我效能、知覺運動障礙及運動行為之關係,臺灣

(4)

運動心理學報,9,23-40。 蔡特龍(2000),休閒運動的推展,台北:中華民國體育學會。 鄭淑米(2006),台中市高中職學生數學焦慮、數 學自我效能與數學學業成就關係之研究,國立臺灣師範大學數學研究所未出版之碩士論文。 鄧麗質(2007),新竹市高中生運動參與程度

、學業成績與憂鬱傾向之研究,國立臺灣體育大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 盧俊宏(1994),運動心理學,台北:師大書苑。 賴香 如,李碧霞,吳德敏,趙國欣,呂昌明,卓俊辰(2005),台北市國中生自尊、身體意象與運動行為相關性研究,衛生教育學報,14

,73-103。 戴良全(2003),臺北縣國小教師運動行為及其相關因素之研究, 國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 謝偉雄,

葉麗琴(2008),大學生正向心理、運動自我效能與運動行?之研究,輔仁大學體育學刊,7,17-25。 鍾東蓉(2000)台北市立高中導師運動 行為及其影響因素調查研究,國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 顏智淵,黃崑明(2009),夜二專學生選修體育課遠 距教學之動機、運動態度、認知及自我效能之研究,成大體育,41(1),16-23。 龔玉春(2003),國小教師認知教學策略與學生數學成就、

數學自我效能之相關研究,國立屏東師範學院心理與輔導教育研究所未出版之碩士論文。 二、英文部分 Ahamed, Y., Macdonald, H., Reed, K., Naylor, P., Liu-Ambrose, T., & Mckay, H. (2007). School-based physical activity does not compromise children's academic performance.

Medicine & Sci-ence in Sports & Exercise, 39(2), 371-390. Alves, J. G., Gale, C. R., Mutrie, N., Correia, J. B., & Batty, G. D. (2009). A 6-Month Exercise Intervention Among Inactive and Overweight Favela-Residing Women in Brazil: The Caranguejo Exercise Trial. American journal of public health, 99(1), 76-80. Baird, G., Scott, W., Dearing, E., & Hamill, S. (2009). Cognitive Self-Regulation in Youth With and Without Learning Disabili-ties: Academic Self-Efficacy, Theories of Intelligence, Learning vs. Performance Goal Preferences, and Effort Attributions. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(7), 881-908. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of be-havioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191-215. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:

Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman. Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents, 5, 307-337. Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable dis-tinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.

Blanchard, C., Fortier, M., Sweet, S. O., Sullivan, T., Hogg, W., & Reid, R. (2007). Explaining physical activity levels from a self-efficacy perspective: The Physical Activity Counseling Trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 34(3), 323-328. Bong, M. (2002). Predictive utility of subject-, task-, and prob-lem-specific self-efficacy judgments for immediate and delayed academic performances. The Journal of experimental education, 70(2), 133-162. Bong, M. (2004). Academic motivation in self-efficacy, task value, achievement goal orientations, and attributional beliefs. The Journal of Educational Research, 97(6), 287-298. Bouchard, C. B., Steven, N., Haskell, W. L. (2007). Physical Activity and Health. Champaign, Illionis: Human Kinetics. Busch, T. (1995). Gender differences in self-efficacy and attitudes to-ward computers. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 12(2), 147-158. Cale, L., & Harris, J. (2005). Exercise and young people: issues, im-plications and initiatives. Basingstoke: Palgrave macmillan. Carmichael, M. (2007). Stronger, faster, smarter. Newsweek, 26, 30-35. Carron, A., Hausenblas, H., & Estabrooks, P. (2003). The psychology of physical activity. New York: McGraw-Hill Co. Cashmore, E. (2008). Sport and exercise psychology: the key concepts. New York:

Routledge. Cassidy, S., & Eachus, P. (2002). Developing the computer user self-efficacy (CUSE) scale: Investigating the relationship be-tween computer self-efficacy, gender and experience with com-puters. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 26(2), 133-153. Castelli, D., Hillman, C., Buck, S., & Erwin, H. (2007). Physical fit-ness and academic achievement in third-and fifth-grade students. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(2), 239-250. Choi, N. (2005). Self-efficacy and self-concept as predictors of col-lege students' academic performance. Psychology in the Schools, 42(2), 111-120. Choi, N., Fuqua, D., & Griffin, B. (2001). Exploratory analysis of the structure of scores from the multidimensional scales of per-ceived self-efficacy. Educational and psychological measure-ment, 61(3), 475-485. Chomitz, V., Slining, M., McGowan, R., Mitchell, S., Dawson, G., & Hacker, K. (2009). Is There a Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement? Positive Results From Public School Children in the Northeastern United States. Journal of School Health, 79(1), 30-37. Coakley, J., & Hirsch, C. (1998). Sport in society: Issues and contro-versies. New York: McGraw-Hill. Coe, D., Pivarnik, J., Womack, C., Reeves, M., & Malina, R. (2006). Effect of Physical Education and Activity Levels on Academic Achievement in Children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Ex-ercise, 38(8), 1515-1530. Crowther, J., & Hornby, A.

(1995). Oxford advanced learner's dic-tionary of current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Daley, A., & Ryan, J. (2000). Academic performance and participation in physical activity by secondary school adolescents. Perceptual and motor skills, 91(2), 531-544. Donaldson, S. J., &

Ronan, K. R. (2006). The Effects of Sports Par-ticipation on Young Adolescents' Emotional Well-Being. An in-ternational quarterly devoted to the physiological, psychologi-cal, psychiatric, sociological, and educational aspects of the second decade of human life, 41(162), 369-389. Durndell, A.,

& Haag, Z. (2002). Computer self efficacy, computer anxiety, attitudes towards the Internet and reported experience with the Internet, by gender, in an East European sample. Com-puters in Human Behavior, 18(5), 521-535. Dwyer, J., Allison, K., & Makin, S. (1998). Internal structure of a measure of self-efficacy in physical activity among high school students. Social Science & Medicine, 46(9), 1175-1182. Everett, B., Salamonson, Y.,

& Davidson, P. (2009). Bandura's exer-cise self-efficacy scale: Validation in an Australian cardiac re-habilitation setting. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(6), 824-829. Feltz, D., Short, S., & Sullivan, P. (2007). Self-efficacy in sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers. Field, T., Diego, M., & Sanders, C. E. (2001). Exercise Is Positively Related to Adolescents' Relationships and Academics. Adoles-cence, 36(141), 105-110.

Fisher, M., Juszczak, L., & Friedman, S. (1996). Sports participation in an urban high school: academic and psychologic correlates. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the So-ciety for Adolescent Medicine, 18(5), 329-350. Fox, K. (1987). Physical self-perceptions and exercise involvement. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Co-lumbia, 40-55. Fox, K. R. (1997). The physical self and processes in self-esteem de-velopment. The physical self: From motivation to well-being, 6(1), 111-139. Fredricks, J., & Eccles, J. (2006). Is extracurricular participation asso-ciated with beneficial outcomes? Concurrent and longitudinal relations. Developmental psychology, 42(4), 698-713. Gill, D., &

(5)

Williams, L. (2008). Psychological dynamics of sport and exercise. Campaign: Human Kinetics Publishers. Godin, G., & Shephard, R. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian journal of applied sport sciences. Journal canadien des sciences appliquees au sport, 10(3), 141-160. Godin, G., Desharnais, R., Valois, P., Lepage, L., Jobin, J., & Bradet, R. (1994). Differences in perceived barriers to exercise between high and low intenders: observations among different popula-tion. American journal of health promotion, 8(4), 279-284. Hackett, G., & Betz, N. (1989). An exploration of the mathematics self-efficacy/mathematics performance correspondence. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 5(2), 261-273. Hansel, S. (2007). An examination of socio-demographic and psycho-logical determinants of exercise behavior. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Spalding, Columbia, 11-19. Harley, A. E., Buckworth, J., Katz, M. L., Willis, S. K., Odoms-Young, A., & Heaney, C. A. (2009). Developing Long-Term Physical Activity Participation: A Grounded Theory Study With African American Women. Health Educ Behav, 36(1), 97-112. Ide, K., & Secher, N. (2000). Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise. Progress in Neurobiology, 61(4), 397-414. Junge, M., & Dretzke, B. (1995). Mathematical self-efficacy gender differences in gifted/talented adolescents.

Gifted Child Quar-terly, 39(1), 22-40. Kim, A., & Park, I. (2000, April 24-28). Hierarchical Structure of Self-Efficacy in Terms of Generality Levels and Its Relations to Academic Performance: General, Academic, Domain-Specific, and Subject-Specific Self-Efficacy. Paper presented at the An-nual Meeting of the American Educational Research Associa-tion, New Orleans, Louisiana. Kim, H., Frongillo, E., Han, S., Oh, S., Kim, W.,

& Jang, Y. (2003). Academic performance of Korean children is associated with dietary behaviours and physical status. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12(2), 186-192. Kim, U., & Park, Y. (2006a). Indigenous psychological analysis of academic achievement in Korea: The influence of self-efficacy, parents, and culture. International journal of psychology, 41(4), 287-291. Kim, U., & Park, Y. (2006b). Factors influencing academic achieve-ment in relational cultures: The role of self-, relational, and col-lective efficacy. Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents, 6(2), 267-285.

Klomsten, A. T., Marsh, H. W., & Skaalvik, E. M. (2005). Adoles-cents’ Perceptions of Masculine and Feminine Values in Sport and Physical Education: A Study of Gender Differences. Sex Roles, 52(9), 625-636. Landsberger, B. (1981). Sex Differences in Factors Related to Early School Achievement (ERIC No. ED 197839). Washington, Dis-trict of Columbia: U. S. Government Printiog Office. Lane, J., & Lane, A. (2001).

Self-efficacy and academic performance. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 29(7), 687-693. LaPorte, R., Montoye, H., &

Caspersen, C. (1985). Assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic research: problems and pros-pects. Public health reports, 100(2), 131-145.

Laure, P., & Binsinger, C. (2009). Regular physical activity practice: A determinant of academic performance in secondary school pu-pils. Science

& Sports, 24(1), 31-35. Lerner, R., Kier, C., & Brown, J. (2004). Adolescence: Development, diversity, context, and application. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Lewis, J., & Hoover, H. (1983). Sex Differences on Standardized Aca-demic Achievement Tests-A Longitudinal Study (ERIC No. ED 233077). Washington, District of Columbia: U. S. Government Printiog Office. Lipscomb, S. (2007). Secondary school extracurricular involvement and academic achievement: A fixed effects approach. Econom-ics of Education Review, 26(4), 463-472. Liu, Y., Chen, H., Wu, C., Kuo, Y., Yu, L., Huang, A. (2009). Differen-tial effects of treadmill running and wheel running on spatial or aversive learning and memory: roles of amygdalar BDNF and synaptotagmin I. The Journal of physiology, 4(1), 111-123. Lloyd, J., Walsh, J., & Yailagh, M. (2005). Sex Differences in Per-formance Attributions, Self-Efficacy, and Achievement in Mathematics: If I'm so Smart, Why Don't I Know It? Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'education, 28(3), 384-408. Macgeorge, E., Clark, R., & Gillihan, S. (2002). Sex Differences in the Provision of Skillful Emotional Support: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy. Communication Reports, 15(1), 17-29. MacKinnon, D., Lockwood, C., Hoffman, J., West, S., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological methods, 7(1), 83-104. Maddux, J., & Lewis, J. (1995). Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjust-ment: Theory, research, and application. New York:

Plenum. Marsh, H., & Yeung, A. (1998). Longitudinal structural equation mod-els of academic self-concept and achievement: Gender differ-ences in the development of math and English constructs. American Educational Research Journal, 35(4), 705. Matteo, S. (1986). The effect of sex and gender-schematic processing on sport participation. Sex Roles, 15(7), 417-432. McAuley, E. (1993). Self-efficacy and the maintenance of exercise participation in older adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16(1), 103-113. McAuley, E., & Jacobson, L. (2006). Self-efficacy and exercise par-ticipation in sedentary adult females. American journal of health promotion: AJHP, 5(3), 185. McAuley, E., Blissmer, B., Katula, J., & Duncan, T. (2000). Exercise environment, self-efficacy, and affective responses to acute ex-ercise in older adults. Psychology & Health, 15(3), 341-355.

McAuley, E., Katula, J., Mihalko, S., Blissmer, B., Duncan, T., Pena, M. (1999). Mode of physical activity and self-efficacy in older adults: A latent growth curve analysis. Journals of Gerontology Series, B, 54, 283-292. McCullough, N., Muldoon, O., & Dempster, M. (2009). Self-perception in overweight and obese children: a cross-sectional study. Child Care, Health and Development, 35(3), 357-357. Medina, J. (2008). Brain rules: 12 principles for surviving and thriv-ing at work, home, and school. New York: Pear Press. Miller, J., Coombs, W., & Fuqua, D. (1999). An Examination of Psy-chometric Properties of Bandura's Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self-Efficacy. Measurement and Evaluation in Coun-seling and Development, 31, 186-196. Miller, K., Ogletree, R., & Welshimer, K. (2002). Impact of activity behaviors on physical activity identity and self-efficacy. Ameri-can Journal of Health Behaviour, 26(5), 323-330. Milne, M., Hall, C., & Forwell, L. (2005). Self-efficacy, imagery use, and adherence to rehabilitation by injured athletes. Sport Reha-bil, 14(2), 150-167. Multon, K., Brown, S., & Lent, R. (1991). Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(1), 30-38. Nelson, M., &

Gordon-Larsen, P. (2006). Physical activity and seden-tary behavior patterns are associated with selected adolescent health risk behaviors.

Pediatrics, 117(4), 1281-1290. Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., Hannan, P., Tharp, T., & Rex, J. (2003). Factors associated with changes in physical activity: a cohort study of inactive adolescent girls. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 157(8), 803. NFHS. (2009). 2008-09 High School Athletics Participation Survey [Online]. Available: http://www.nfhs.org/content.aspx?id=3282- &linkidentifier=id&itemid=3282 [2009,

(6)

September 10] Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of educational research, 1, 543-578. Pajares, F., & Graham, L.

(1999). Self-efficacy, motivation constructs, and mathematics performance of entering middle school stu-dents. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 24(2), 124-139. Pajares, F., & Miller, M. (1994). Role of self-efficacy and self-concept beliefs in mathematical problem solving: A path analysis. Jour-nal of educational psychology, 86, 193-193. Pajares, F., Hartley, J., & Valiante, G. (2001). Response format in writing self-efficacy assessment: Greater discrimination in-creases prediction. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 33(4), 214-221. Perkins, J., Multhaup, K., Perkins, H., & Barton, C. (2008). Self-Efficacy and Participation in Physical and Social Activity Among Older Adults in Spain and the United States. The Gerontologist, 48(1), 51-70. Pintrich, P., & Schunk, D. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications.

New Jersey: Merrill Upper Saddle River. Ratey, J., & Hagerman, E. (2008). Spark: The revolutionary new sci-ence of exercise and the brain. New York: Little, Brown and Company. Reynolds, K., Killen, J., Bryson, S., Maron, D., Taylor, C., Maccoby, N. (1990). Psychosocial predictors of physical activity in ado-lescents. Preventive Medicine, 19(5), 541-555. Richardson, S. M., Paxton, S. J., & Thomson, J. S. (2009). Is BodyThink an efficacious body image and self-esteem program? A controlled evaluation with adolescents. Body Image, 6(2), 75-82. Ries, A., Kaplan, R., Limberg, T., & Prewitt, L. (1995). Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physiologic and psychosocial out-comes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Internal Medicine, 122(11), 823-840. Rodgers, W., & Sullivan, M. (2001). Task, coping, and scheduling self-efficacy in relation to frequency of physical activity. Jour-nal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(4), 741-753. Rodgers, W., Hall, C., Blanchard, C., Auley, E.,

& Munroe, K. (2002). Task and scheduling self-efficacy as predictors of exercise be-havior. Psychology & Health, 17(4), 405-416. Rodgers, W., Wilson, P., Hall, C., Fraser, S., & Murray, T. (2008). Evidence for a multidimensional self-efficacy for exercise scale. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(2), 222-245. Rudolph, D., & McAuley, E. (1995). Self-efficacy and salivary corti-sol responses to acute exercise in physically active and less ac-tive adults. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 206-206. Ryan, A., & Pintrich, P. (1997). Should I ask for help? The role of mo-tivation and attitudes in adolescents' help seeking in math class. Journal of educational psychology, 89(2), 329-341. Sallis, J., Haskell, W., Fortmann, S., Vranizan, K., Taylor, C., & Solomon, D. (1986). Predictors of adoption and maintenance of physical activity in a community sample. Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 331-347. Sallis, J., Hovell, M., Richard Hofstetter, C., & Barrington, E. (1992). Explanation, of vigorous physical activity during two years us-ing social learning variables. Social science & medicine, 34(1), 25-32. Sallis, J., Pinski, R., Grossman, R., Patterson, T., & Nader, P. (1988). The development of self-efficacy scales for healthrelated diet and exercise behaviors. Health Education Research, 3(3), 283-292. Sallis, J., Prochaska, J., & Taylor, W. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine &

Sci-ence in Sports & Exercise, 32(5), 963-990. Sallis. (1991). Self-report measures of children's physical activity. The Journal of school health, 61(5), 215-232. Sanders, C., Field, T., Diego, M., & Kaplan, M. (2000). Moderate in-volvement in sports is related to lower depression levels among adolescents. Adolescence, 35(140), 793-810. Schunk, D. (1981). Modeling and attributional effects on children's achievement: A self-efficacy analysis. Journal of educational psychology, 73(1), 93-105. Schunk, D. (1995). Self-efficacy, motivation, and performance. Jour-nal of Applied Sport Psychology, 7(2), 112-137. Schunk, D. (2001). Social cognitive theory and self-regulated learning. Self-regulated learning and academic

achievement: Theoretical perspectives, 2, 125-151. Schunk, D., & Lilly, M. (1984). Sex differences in self-efficacy and attributions: Influence of performance feedback. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 4(3), 203-213. Schunk, D., & Miller, S. (2002). Self-efficacy and adolescents' moti-vation.

Academic motivation of adolescents,1, 29-52. Shannon, G., & Anne, B. (2007). Gender Differences in the Relation-ships Between Extracurricular Activities Participation, Self-description, and Domain-specific and General Self-esteem [Online]. Available:

http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=129- 3023971&Fmt=7&clientId=28127&RQT=309&VName=PQD [2007, Septmber 18] Shin, Y., Jang, H., & Pender, N. (2001). Psychometric evaluation of the exercise self-efficacy scale among Korean adults with chronic diseases. Research in nursing

& health, 24(1), 68-76. Siedentop, D. (2004). Introduction to Physical Education, Fitness and Sport. Mountain View, California: Mayfield Publishing. Strecher, V., & DeVellis, M. (1986). The role of self-efficacy in achieving health behavior change. Health Education & Behavior, 13(1), 73-80. Strong, W., Malina, R., Blimkie, C., Daniels, S., Dishman, R.,& Gutin, B. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. The Journal of pediatrics, 146(6), 732-737. Taras, H. (2005). Physical activity and student performance at school. Journal of School Health, 75(6), 214-218. Taylor, C., Sallis, J., & Needle, R. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100, 195-202. Tremblay, M., Inman, J., & Willms, J. (2000). The relationship be-tween physical activity,

self-esteem, and academic achievement in 12-year-old children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 12(3), 312-323. Trost, S., Pate, R., Saunders, R., Ward, D., Dowda, M., & Felton, G. (1997). A prospective study of the determinants of physical ac-tivity in rural fifth-grade children. Preventive Medicine, 26(2), 257-263. USCDC. (2009). How much physical activity do children need? [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyo- ne/guidelines/children.html [2009, Octorber 19] Versteege, S. (2008). Sex differences in perceived self-efficacy, attri-bution style,

expectancy-value, and academic achievement in language arts. Unpublished master’s thesis, Unversity of Victo-ria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Wakui, S., Shimomitsu, T., & Odagiri, Y. (2002). Relation of the stages of change for exercise behaviors in young Japanese women.

Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42, 224-232. Ward, D., Saunders, R., & Pate, R. (2006). Physical activity interven-tions in children and adolescents. Campaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. Wilson-Soga, N. (2009). Pers

參考文獻

相關文件

This research applied the modeling approach of Grey relational analysis to establish the relations among the factors, such as service seniority, education, experience,

Effectiveness of Simulation on Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Retention, and Self-Efficacy of Nursing Students in Jordan. Situated Learning Theory: The Key to Effective

Meanwhile, the study also explores the influence of students’ participation intention of Flipped Classroom based on their family background, learning achievement of

The purposes of this research was to investigate relations among learning motivation, learning strategies and satisfaction for junior high school students, as well as to identify

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of learning organization culture on teachers’ study and teaching potency in Public Elementary Schools.. The research tool of

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current situation of multicultural literacy and intercultural sensitivity of junior high school teachers in Taichung

The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship among variables of hypermarkets consumers’ flow experience and the trust, the external variables, and the internal variables

This study is processed with tribe or community participation on both cultural and natural ecological perspectives to implore the inter-relations of the resources of