課程名稱：英文(二)＿＿＿＿＿＿ 章節：CH9＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 題號：＿＿＿＿＿＿
班級:機械一 B(分班機汽一 A) 學號：4990H119 姓名：陳冠宏 題目
Unit9 筆記
1. I was playing tennis when I sprained my ankle.
2. I cut my finger while I was making a salad.
3. I tripped over some toys while I was cleaning the house.
4. She was riding down a hill when she fell off her bike.
5. I was driving with my father when we had a car accident.
6. I wasn´t paying attention when I ran into a door.
7. She burned her finger while she was cooking dinner.
8. I was walking down the street when I hit my head on a sign.
9. I was running to class when I fell down the stairs.
10. He was playing basketball when he hurt his back.
11. While we were running for the train, we crashed into each other.
12. I slipped on some ice while I was skiing with friends.
第一部分
過去進行式
句型:S+was/were+現在分詞
過去進行式的謂語動詞構成
I / he/ she/ it was workingwe/ you/ they were working
過去進行式的用法
表示過去某一時刻或過去某段時間內正在進行的動作，一般要有表示過去式間 的狀態語。
At that time she was working in Oxford.
那時，她正在牛津大學工作。
It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning.
今天早晨六點鐘天正下著雨。
What were you doing when I phoned you last night?
昨晚我給你打電話時你在幹什麼？
常用的時間狀態語：
at 8 o'clock yesterday morning 昨天早上 8 點，
at this time last year 去年的這個時候，
...when I phoned you yesterday 昨天我打電話給你的那個時候，
...while we were having the meeting 我們在開會的時候。
在含有時間副詞子句的複合句中，延續性動詞用過去進行式，非延續性動詞用 一般過去式。如：
They were watching TV when I entered the room.
我進入房間時，他們正在看電視。
若主句和子句的動詞均為延續性動詞，則可以兩邊都可以採用過去進行式。
如：The children were playing with their toys while I was eating my dinner.
我吃飯的時候，孩子們在玩他們的玩具。
可用來表示由過去某時持續到另一時間的過去動作。
He was studying in Cambridge between 1999 and 2001.
在 1999 年和 2001 年那段時間，他在劍橋學習。
From January to March I was traveling in Egypt.
從 3 月份到 4 月份期間，我在埃及旅遊。
這種時間狀態語亦可同一般過去式連用，如：
He worked from morning till night yesterday.
昨天他從早到晚地工作。
一般過去式與過去進行式的用法比較
We built a bridge last winter.去年冬天我們修了一座橋。
（全過程，橋已修好）
We were building a bridge last winter.
去年冬天我們在修一座橋。
（片斷，修完與否未知）
答案
第二部分:
動詞 (VERB)
※動詞的五大句型※
句子依其動詞的種類，可以分成五種基本句型﹕
動詞 (1)不及物動詞(Vi) ○1 完全不及物﹕S+ Vi
○2 不完全不及物﹕S+ Vi+SC (2) 及物動詞(Vt) ○3 完全及物﹕S+ Vt+O
○4 授與動詞﹕S+ Vt+IO+DO ○5 不完全及物﹕S+ Vt+O+OC
句型 主詞(S) 動詞(V) 受詞(O) 補語(C) (1) It rained.
(2) She is beautiful.
(3) He has a car.
(4) Father gave me a book.
(5) Jack made me angry.
說明﹕
(1)“及物動詞 Vt”和“不及物動詞 Vi”的分別是﹕
“及物動詞”需要“受詞”
“不及物動詞”不需要“受詞”
(2)有些動詞可作“及物動詞”也可作“不及物動詞”。我們必須看清楚這個
動詞是用什在麼樣的語句裡，再作決定。請看下面的兩句﹕
The news set me thinking. (這消息使我陷入沉思。) The sun has set. (太陽已下沉。)
第一句的 set 是“及物動詞”，因為它後面有 me 作它的受詞。第二句中的 set 是“不及物動詞”因為它並沒有受詞。
(3)我們不應憑一個動詞的中文譯法去斷它是“及物動詞”或“不及物動 詞”，如 watch 和 look 都可譯為“注意”，但 watch 是“及物動詞”而 look 是“不及物動詞”。
第一句型 S+Vi
觀念
動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念，不需受詞及 補語。
例
句
Flowers bloom. (花開。) S Vi
It rained last night. (昨夜下雨。) S Vi 修飾語
說明﹕
此句型常與修飾語連用，有下列之變化型式﹕
○1
S+Vi+Adv
〔副詞不是句子的主要結構，可增加減。〕
She went upstairs. (她上樓去。)
Time flies like an arrow. (光陰似箭。) ○2
There+Vi+S
There is a lamp on the desk. (在桌上有一盞燈。) ○3
S+Vi+介詞+O
〔不及物動詞沒有受詞，但加了介系詞以後，也可接受詞。〕
He looks at me. (他看著我。)
I insisted on singing. (我堅持繼續唱。) ○4
S+Vi+to+V
He stopped to take a rest. (他停下來休息。)
第二句型 S+Vi+SC
說明﹕
○1 用以補充說明的情況者，稱為主詞補語。
觀念
動詞本身就可以表達完整的意義，需要主詞 補語。
例
句
I feel hungry. (我感到有點餓。) SC
He is a doctor. (他是個醫生。) SC
Sugar tastes sweet. (糖嚐起來是甜的。) SC
They are ···(他們是···)
The leaves turned ···in fall.(葉子變成···)
上面兩句雖然有主詞和動詞，但是主詞意思還是不完整。必須再 補充幾個字。這補充說明的字，就叫做主詞補語。
They are scientists. (他們是科學家。)
Leaves turned red in fall. (葉子在秋天變成紅色。) ○2 此種句型常與 be 動詞或連綴動詞連用﹕
“Be V”﹕
第三句型 S+Vt+O
am/is was are were
觀念
動詞本身需要一個受詞，方可使句意完整。
例
句
We learn English. (我們學英文。) O
Thank you very much.(很感謝你。) O
I will have a good time. (我會玩得很開 心。)
O
說明﹕
受詞的形態包括名詞、代名詞、形容詞、不定詞、動句詞、名 詞片語、名詞子句等。
○1 I wrote a letter. (我寫了一封信。) (名詞)
○2 The result disappoints me. (結果使我失望。) (代名詞)
○3 The rich should help the poor. (有錢人應幫助窮人。) (the+形容詞)
○4 My watch needs repairing. (我的錶需要修理。) (動名詞)
連
綴
動
詞
“似乎”類﹕seem , appear
“感覺”類﹕feel , look , sound , smell, taste
“變成” 類﹕
become come
go get grow
run turn fall
“仍然”類﹕remain, continue, stay
○5 I hope to see my girlfriend. (我想去看我的女朋友。) (不定詞)
○6 I do not know what to do . (我不知所措。) (名詞片語)
○7 Do you know where he lives? (你知道他住何處嗎?) (名詞子句)
第四句型 S+Vt+IO+DO
說
明﹕
○1 凡有兩個受詞〔間接受詞(表人)，直接受詞(表物)〕的動詞，稱 之為授與動詞。 IO DO
○2 直接受詞與間接受詞對詞時，應加適當的介系詞﹕
□1 The sun gives us light and heat. (太陽給我們光和熱。) ＝The sun gives light and heat to us.
觀念
動詞需要兩個受詞，句意才能完整。
例
句
He bought me a book. (他買一本書給 我。)
間接受詞(人) 直接受詞(物)
Tell me what he said. (告訴我他說 了什麼。)
間接受詞(人) 直接受詞(物)
□2 I will buy you a bicycle. (我要買一輛自行車給你。) ＝I will buy a bicycle for you.
□3 He asked me a question.
＝He asked a question of me. (他問我一個問題。) ○3
授 與 動 詞
介系 詞 pay(付) tell(告
訴)
give(給) sell(賣) lend(借給)
teach(教)
send(寄給) write(寫 給)
show(指示) bring(帶 來)
offer(提供) deliver(遞送)
to
buy(買給) for
choose(選擇)
make(做) leave(留 給)
get(取得) order(訂 購)
ask(要求；問) of
play(做) on
第五句型 s+Vt+O+OC
觀念
動詞本身有一個受詞外，還需要一個受詞 補語。
例
句
We elected him chairman. (我們選他為 主席。)
O OC
I found the room empty. (我發現房間 是空的。)
O OC
He had his watch stolen. (他的錶被偷 了。)
O OC
說明﹕
○1 以名詞為受詞補語的動詞有“elect, choose, make,
appoint”；若是指“一個人可以擔任的職位”時，便應影省 略冠詞，如﹕
They elected him President. (他們選他為總統。) ＜比較＞He made her a servant. (他僱她僕人。) ○2 以形容詞為受詞補語﹕
試比較下列各句之異同﹕
I found the book. (我找到了這本書。)〔S+Vt+O〕
I found the book easily. (我容易地找到了這本書。)〔S+Vt+O〕
(副詞)
I found the book easy. (我覺得這本書容易。)〔S+Vt+O+OC〕
(形容詞) ○3 以不定詞為受詞補語﹕
He asked me to take off my shoes.(我要我脫掉鞋子。) They warned me not to come early.(他們警告我不可早到。) ○4 以
V-ing 或 P.P.為受詞補語﹕
S Vt O OC
We I
heard found
somebody the man
laughing.
Stealing the money.
I caught them kissing each other.
I He I
must have can not make heard
my hair himself my name
cut.
understood.
called.
註﹕◇1 以 V-ing 當受詞補語的受詞是“發出動作”者，表主 動。
而以 P.P.當受詞補語的受詞是“接受動作”者，表 被動。
◇2 此類動詞有﹕
See/hear/feel
Keep/leave/find/catch Make/have/get
1. Will your dream come ___B___?
(A) truly (B)true (C)truing (D) truingly
2. Children usually remain financially___B__ on their parents for many years.
(A) depend (B)dependent (C)dependence (D)depending 3. Everyone saw the moon ___A___ from the top of the mountain.
(A)rise (B)to rise (C)to be rise (D)rises 4. Did he notice you ___A__ into the house?
(A)go (B)to go (C)to going (D)went 5. Have you ever been heard __B___?
(A)sing (B)to sing (C)to singing (D)sang 6. We all felt the house ___A__ violently.
(A) shake (B)to shake (C)to shaking (D)shakes 7. I did not perceive anyone ____A___ your room,
(A) enter (B)to enter (C)to entering (D)to entered 8. Mary is going to have her hair__C___.
(A) did (B)to do (C)done (D)do
9. The news that he won again made us __A____.
(A)happy (B)to be happy (C)happiness (D)happily 10. I shall make your dream ___B__.
(A) coming truly (B) come true (C) to come true (D) comes true 11. They had some workers ___D___ their apartment last week.
(A) paints (B)painted (C)to paint (D)paint
12. There is something wrong with the engine. We should have it ___D___ at once.
(A)repair (B)repairing (C)to repair (D)repaired 13. I felt someone ___A__ me.
(A)touch (B)touched (C)to touch (D)touches 14. He was heard ___B___ a song.
(A)sing (B)singing (C)to singing (D)sang
15. Jack must have been very sick last week because I heard him_C__ in bed.
(A)groans (B)to groan (C)groaning (D)groaned
