雷射二極體物鏡表面瑕疵之光學自動檢測系統研究 洪偉翔、陳昭雄
E-mail: 9606972@mail.dyu.edu.tw
摘 要
本論文主要以影像視覺系統架構下，發展雷射二極體物鏡瑕疵之自動檢測技術。本研究由CCD影像擷取系統取得雷射二極 體物鏡影像，再透過影像處理技術進行瑕疵檢測。而瑕疵檢測方法，我們分別發展空間域與頻率域兩種影像處裡技術。在 空間域中，首先利用影像色彩空間轉換，得到物鏡清晰灰階影像，且透過中值濾波、二值化、編幅長碼等方法，降低環境 雜訊之干擾，並且尋找物鏡邊界點座標，再經由最小平方法找出最佳的物鏡位置，最後再結合Otsu與型態學方法做瑕疵辨 識。而頻率域中是應用Haar小波轉換技術，以擷取物鏡影像在不同空間尺度（Scale）位置下的頻率域特徵來做瑕疵檢測，
包括物鏡裂痕和污點等瑕疵，並經由實際實驗來證明本文所提方法之有效性。
關鍵詞 : 雷射二極體 ; 瑕疵檢測 ; 影像處理 ; 機器視覺
目錄
中文摘要... iv 英文摘要... v 誌謝... vi 目 錄... vii 圖目錄... x 表目錄... xiii 第一章 緒 論... 1 1.1 研究背景... 1 1.2 研究目的... 2 1.3 研究方
法... 3 1.4 文獻回顧... 4 1.5 論文架構... 6 第二章 雷射二極體光學 自動檢測系統架構 8 2.1 硬體架構... 8 2.2 雷射二極體構造... 14 2.3 物鏡瑕疵之種 類... 16 2.4 光源選擇... 17 2.5 照明方式... 19 第三章 空間域瑕疵檢測 影像處理系統流程... 23 3.1 影像色彩轉換... 25 3.2 影像濾波器... 27 3.2.1 低通濾 波... 27 3.2.2 高通濾波... 29 3.2.3 中通濾波... 30 3.3 影像二值 化... 31 3.3.1 平均灰階法... 32 3.3.2 Otsu影像二值化... 34 3.4偵測物鏡位 置... 37 3.5 形態學... 43 3.5.1 侵蝕（erosion）... 44 3.5.2 膨脹（dilation
）... 45 3.5.3 閉合運算與斷開運算... 46 3.6 空間域瑕疵辨識... 47 第四章 頻率域瑕 疵檢測影像處理系統流程... 49 4.1 傅立葉分析... 49 4.2 短時間傅立葉轉換... 50 4.3 小 波轉換（Wavelet Transform）... 52 4.3.1 Haar小波轉換... 52 4.3.2 Haar小波反轉換...
55 4.4 頻率域瑕疵檢測... 57 第五章 實驗與結果... 59 第六章 結論... 71 參考文獻... 72
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