Experimental Study of Convective Heat Transfer in Rotary Blade Coupling 吳台生、黃國修
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study attempts to improve the local high temperature distributions in rotary-blade-coupling (RBC), which is the source of motive power for sport-utility-vehicles (SUV). The experiment takes RBC with forced convection and circumferential ribs for the research on heat transfer enhancement. During rotation, RBC produces centrifugal fluid flow, convection phenomenon and temperature distributions that differ with rotational speed. Simultaneously, rotation enhances the turbulence intensity of the flow field, promoting heat transfer and destabilizing Taylor vortices. This instability influences the local heat transfer distribution and damages the machine parts because of overheating. To analyze the actual convection of the rotary flow field, the experiment testing section is designed based on the actual size of the RBC. In the experiment, the RBC is cooled via forced exterior oil supply, and ring-shaped turbulence ribs of three aspect ratios are added to augment the heat transfer area, for discussing the axial temperature distributions at the top and bottom of the RBC. The experiment adopts major physical parameters within and to discuss the heat transfer effect in the interior rotary flow distribution groove of RBC in the four-wheel-drive (4WD) vehicle. Finally, based on the relevant experimental results, an empirical correlation is established for the reference of 4WD vehicle design.
Keywords : Rotary Blade Coupling, Heat Transfer, Taylor Vortices Table of Contents
封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書 iii 中文摘要 v 英文摘要 vi 誌謝 vii 目錄 viii 圖目錄 xi 表目錄 xiv 符號說明 xv 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研 究背景及動機 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.2.1無強制對流之冷卻工作流體 3 1.2.2 具強制對流之冷卻工作流體 6 1.3 研究目的 8 第二章 理論分析 16 2.1 統御方程式 16 2.2 同軸旋轉圓柱體參數分析 17 第三章 實驗設備與進行步驟 21 3.1 實驗設備 21 3.1.1 實 驗測試段 21 3.1.2 熱電偶 22 3.1.3 旋轉主軸 22 3.1.4 供油冷卻系統 23 3.1.5 數據擷取系統 23 3.2 實驗參數之不準確度分析 23 3.3 實驗步驟 28 第四章 旋轉葉片接合器溫度分佈之研究 35 4.1 實驗設備與說明 35 4.2 結果與討論 35 4.2.1 流體壓降效應 36 4.2.2 強制對流效應 36 4.2.3 旋轉效應 37 4.2.4 加裝環狀擾流肋骨與平滑壁面比較 39 4.3 結論 39 第五章 旋轉葉片接合 器之對流熱傳分析 61 5.1 實驗設備與說明 61 5.2 結果與討論 62 5.2.1 強制對流效應 63 5.2.2 旋轉效應 66 5.2.3 加裝環狀擾流 肋骨與平滑壁面比較 67 5.3 結論 70 第六章 旋轉葉片接合器之流場觀測 89 6.1 實驗設備與說明 89 6.2 結果與討論 90 6.2.1 空氣流體之流場觀測 91 6.2.2 潤滑油流體之流場觀測 94 6.3 結論 96 第七章 總結 112 參考文獻 114 附錄 121 作者簡歷 122 REFERENCES
[1]"TRIBUTE訓練講義", 馬自達汽車股份有限公司, 2001.
[2]曾憲中, "四輪傳動車輛－動力傳輸元件之介紹及故障診斷", 機械工業雜誌, 2001, 第224期, 第142-151頁.
[3]Taylor, G. I., "Stability of a Viscous Liquid Contained Between Two Rotating Cylinder -s", Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, 1923, Vol. A223, pp.
289-343.
[4]Ker, Y. T., Li, Y. H., and Lin, T. F., "Experimental Study of Unsteady Thermal Charac -teristics and Rotation Induced Stabilization of Air Converstion in a Bottom Heated R -otating vertical cylinder", Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer. 1998, Vol. 41, NO. 11, pp. 1 -445-1458.
[5]Lin, D., and Yan, W. M., "Experimental study of unsteady thermal convection in heated - rotating inclined cylinders", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2000 -, Vol. 43, pp. 3359-3370.
[6]Lee J, Shin. Hyung Kang And Myung Taek Hyun, "Double-Diffusive Convection in a Rotati -ng Cylinder with Heating from Below", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfe -r, 1997, Vol 40, No. 14 pp. 3387-3394.
[7]Lee, J., Kang, S. H., and Son, Y. S., "Experimental Study of Double-Diffusive Convect -ion in a Rotating Annulus with Lateral Heating", International Journal of Heat and M -ass Transfer, 1999, Vol. 42, pp. 821-832.
[8]Chen, F., "Relative Importance of Gap Spacing of The Taylor-Dean Flow", Journal of Ch -inese Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992, Vol 13, No. 2, pp. 112-117.
[9]Hwang, G. J., Lin, D. K., and Chen, L. T., "Heat Transfer Between Rotating Cylinders" -, Rotating Machinery T ransport Phenomena, edited by J. H. Kim and W. J. Yang, 1992, - pp. 161-176.
[10]Chen, C. K., and Hsiao, S. W., "Natural Convection Heat Transfer in the Annuli betwe -en Concentric and Eccentric Horizontal Cylinders",
Journal of Chinese Society of Me -chanical Engineers, 1986, Vol 7, No. 5, pp. 297-309.
[11]Escudier, M. P., and Cullen, L. M., "Flow of a Shear-Thinning Liquid in a Cylindrica -l Container with A Rotating End Wall", Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1996 -; 12, pp381-387.
[12]Kong, C. H., and Liu, I. C., "The Stanbility of Circular Couette Flow and Taylor Vor -tices", Bulletin of the College of Engineering. N. T. U., 1997, No 71, pp.1-15.
[13]Xiao, Q., Lim, T. T., and Chew, "Effect of Acceleration on the Wavy Taylor Vortex Fl -ow ", Experimental in Fluids, 2002, 32, pp. 639-644.
[14]Gorman, M., and Swinney, H. L., "Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Modulated W -aves in The Circular Couette System", J. Fluid Mech, 1982, Vol. 117, pp. 123-142.
[15]Hayase, T., Humphrey, J. A. C., and Greif, R., "Numerical Study of Three-Dimensional - Flow and Heat Transfer Between a Fixed Outer Cylinder and a Rotating Inner Cylinde -r with Cavities", Rotating Machinery Transport Phenomena, edited by J. H. Kim and W -. J. Yang, 1992, pp. 239-254.
[16]Hayase, T., Humphrey, J. A. C., and Greif, R., "Numerical Calculation of Convective -Heat Transfer Between Rotating Coaxial Cylinders With Periodically Embedded Cavitie -s", ASME Journal of heat transfer, 1992, Vol. 114, pp. 589-597.
[17]Kunio, K., and Tetauya, D., "Generation and Evolution of Turbulence in an Annulus be -tween Two Concentric Rotating Cylinders", Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Rotating -Machinery, edited by Yang, W. J., 1987, pp.245-254.
[18]Coles, D., "Transition in circular Couette flow", J. Fluid Mech, 1965, Vol. 21, part - 3, pp. 385-425.
[19]Kunio, K., Takeshi, F., and Naoto, O., "Experimental Study of Higher Instabilities o -f Wavy Vortex Flow between Concentric Rotating Cylinders", Transport Phenomena in R -otating Machinery, edited by J. H. Kim and W. J. Yang, 1990, pp. 175-186.
[20]Kunio, K., Tetsuya, M., Hirotsugu, U., and Naoto, O., "Hysteresis of Dynamical Trans -itions in Taylor-Couette Flow", Heat Trasfer and Fluid Flow in Rotating Machinery, -edited by Wen-Jei Yang, 1987, pp.270-281.
[21]Fenstermacher, P. R., Swinney, H., and Gollub, J. P., "Dynamical Instabilities and T -he Transition to Chaotic Taylor Vortex Flow", J. Fluid Mech, 1979, Vol. 94, part 1, - pp. 103-128.
[22]King, G. P., Li, Y., Lee, W., and Swinney, H., "Wave Speeds in Wavy Taylor-Vortex Fl -ow", J. Fluid Mech, 1984, Vol. 141, pp. 365-390.
[23]Mohanty, A. K., Tawfek, A. A., and Prasad, B. V. S. S. S., "Heat Transfer from a Rot -ating Cylinder in Crossflow", Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1995, 10, pp. - 54-61.
[24]Morris, W. D., "Laminar Convection in a Heated Vertical Tube Rotating About a Parall -el Axis", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1965, Vol. 21, Part 3, pp. 453-464.
[25]Lee, Y. N., and Minkowycz, W. J., "Heat Transfer Characteristics of The Annulus of T -wo-Coaxial Cylinders with One Cylinder Rotating", International Journal of Heat and - Mass Transfer, 1989,Vol 32, No. 4, pp. 711-722.
[26]Jakoby, R. S., Kim, and Wittig, S., "Correlations of the Convection Heat Transfer in - Annular Channels With Rotating Inner Cylinder", Transactions of the ASME, 1999, Vo -l 121, pp. 670-677.
[27]Gardiner, S. R. M., and Sabersky, R. H., "Heat Transfer in an Annular Gap", Internat -ional Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1978, Vol 21, pp. 1459-1466.
[28]Simmers, D. A., and Coney, J. E. R., "A Reynolds Analogy Solution for The Heat Trans -fer Characteristics of Combined Taylor Vortex and Axial Flows", International Journ -al of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1979, Vol 22, pp. 679-689.
[29]Becker, K. M., and Kaye, J., "Measurements of Diabatic Flow in an Annulus With an In -ner Rotating Cylinder", Journal of Heat Transfer, 1962, pp. 97-105.
[30]Kataoka, K., Doi, H., and Komai, T., "Heat/Mass Transfer in Taylor Vortex Flow with -Constant Axial Flow Rates", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1977, -Vol 20, pp. 57-63.
[31]Park, J. Y., Choi, C. K., and Kim, J. J., "A Study on Dynamic Separation of Silica S -lurry Using a Rotating Membrane Filter 1. Experiments and Filtrate Fluxes", Journal - of Membrane Science 97, 1994, pp. 263-273.
[32]Zhu, X., Campero, R. J., and Vigil, R. D., "Axial Mass Transport in Liquid Taylor-Co -uette Flow", Chemical Engineering Science, 2000, 55, pp.5079-5087.
[33]Baier, G., Graham, M. D., and Lightfoot, E. N., "Mass Transport in a Novel Two-Fluid - Taylor Vortex Extractor", AIChE Journal, 2000, Vol. 46, No.12, pp.2395-2407.
[34]Astill, K. N., "Studies of the Developing Flow Between Concentric Cylinders With the - Inner Cylinder Rotating", Journal of Heat Transfer, 1964, pp. 383-392.
[35]Chen, F., and Chang, M. H., "Stability of Taylor-Dean Flow in a Small Gap Between Ro -tating Cylinders", J. Fluid Mech, 1992, Vol. 243, pp. 443-455.
[36]Homsy, G. M., and Hudson, J. L., "Heat Transfer in a Rotating Cylinder of Fluid Heat -ed From Above," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1971, Vol 14, pp. -1149-1159.
[37]Yarin, A. L., Gelfgat, A. Yu., and Bar-Yoseph, P. Z., "Enhancement of Mass Transfer -in a Two-Layer Taylor-Couette Apparatus with Axial Flow", International Journal of -Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002, Vol 45, pp. 555-570.
[38]Lei, U., and Hsu, C. H., "Flow Through Rotating Straight Pipes", Phys.Fluids, 1990, -A2(1), pp. 63-75.
[39]Becker, K. M., and Kaye, Joseph., "The Influence of a Radial Temperature Gradient o -n the Instability of Fluid Flow In an Annulus With an Inner Rotating Cylinder", Jo -urnal of Heat Transfer, 1962, pp. 106-110.
[40]Kedia, R., Hunt, M. L., and Colonius, T., "Transition of Chaotic Flow in a Radially - Heated Taylor-Couette System", Transaction of The ASME, 1999, Vol 121, pp. 574-582.
[41]Coleman, H, W., and Steele, W. G., "Experimentation and Uncertainty Analysis for En -gineers", Mississippi State University, 1995, pp.
40-74.
[42]Kedia, R., Hunt, M. L., and Colonius, T., "Numerical in Simulations of Transfer in -Taylor-Couette Flow", Transaction of The ASME, 1998, Vol 120, pp. 65-71.
[43]Kolyshkin, A. A., and Vaillancourt, R., "Linear Stability of Couette Flow with Rota -ting Inner Cylinder and Radially Nonuniform Internal Heat Sources", International -Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1996, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 537-545.
[44]Chen, F.,"Stability of Taylor-Dean Flow in an Annulus with Arbitrary Gap Spacing", -Physical Review E, 1993, Vol. 48, pp. 1036-1045.
[45]BP 公司, "AUTRAN DX Ⅲ產品資料表".
[46]White, F. M., "Viscous Fluid Flow", McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1974, pp. 423-426.
