世界主要國家基因轉殖植物隔離試驗田管理概況
展 望
英國於英格蘭（England）、蘇格蘭（Scotland）及威爾斯（Wales）三地廣 設200 個以上農場規模（farm-scale）的田間試驗（DEFRA 2003），自 1999 年 起進行追蹤研究計劃，此亦是現階段全世界最大規模的基因轉殖作物對於環境 影響的評估報告（Stokstad and Vogel 2003）。該研究團隊觀察到栽培抗殺草劑 的甜菜與油菜，其田間雜草及昆蟲分別少於傳統栽培田，另外栽培抗殺草劑的 玉米，其田間雜草多於傳統栽培田，因此認為抗殺草劑的轉殖玉米似乎對環境 中野生生物的損害較少，而有利於自然生態中生物多樣性的維護（Vogel 2004），雖然仍無法提出基因轉殖作物對於環境的影響是有利或有弊的具體結 論，但歐洲食物安全管理局（EFSA）基因作物科學研究小組，已於 2004 年同 意抗殺草劑玉米的上市與食用，並提議其他基因轉殖作物也需經由相同的風險 評估，才得以上市。
在英國針對基因轉殖作物的栽種，是否會危害生物多樣性的田間試驗結果 出爐後，歐盟對基因轉殖作物的規範似有鬆綁趨勢。目前，世界各國對於基因 轉殖作物的安全性調查，與對應的法制規範日益周延，從基因轉殖作物釋出、
基因轉殖作物食品上市、到基因轉殖作物食品及添加物的標示等，均有詳細的 規定，其中以歐盟的態度最為嚴謹。展望未來，為解決全球未來的糧食危機，
在有限的土地上提高作物產量，發展基因轉殖作物應是個可行的策略。
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