• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結果與討論

第二節 建議

本研究實驗過程及資料分析結果產生所產生的問題,在此提出建議以供未來 研究與設計漢字教學系統參考。

一、擴充漢字學習系統的學習內容

本研究系統中目前僅規劃 16 個高頻、義符部首及其從屬字共 70 個字,未來 可以再新增更多高頻、義符部首,並選用符合「義符部首概念分層模型」之「優 良樣例」,進行漢字學習系統之擴充,增加教學廣度。

二、高頻、義符部首中加入例外狀況從屬字

本研究系統之規劃學習對象為初學者,未來若擴充漢字教學系統的內容後,

漢字學習者的學習內容將更具深度,這時便可加入部首中其他例外狀況從屬字之 教學。例如:部首「糸」的從屬字「縣、約」,部首「虫」的從屬字「融、虹」

等,以例外狀況的方式,提醒漢字學習者特別記憶這些漢字的意義,以增加漢字 教學的全面性。

三、增加詞語教學及適用的記憶術方式

目前本研究系統僅提供漢字教學,未來系統可增加漢字、詞語教學。在本研 究的系統建置過程中發現,漢字教學所能採用之記憶術策略方式,僅能依漢字的 字形、字義,大略區分為圖像記憶術、聯想記憶術,而詞語教學中記憶術策略所 能採用的尚有位置記憶法、掛勾法、身體栓釘法、諧音法…等等,例如:以「諧

達成、並難以分類記憶術使用方式的。因此,若能擴充漢字詞語教學這部份,將 使得記憶術策略輔助教學的劃分更為完善。

四、增加學習存檔功能、提供更彈性的學習順序

因目前系統僅提供 70 個漢字的學習內容,故系統之學習順序採循序教學式,

未來若擴充系統內容後,可新增存檔功能,學習者可存取上次學習進度進行重複 練習。並規劃學習單元按鈕,提供學習者彈性式、跳躍式的學習順序,將使多媒 體漢字系統介面更為友善。

五、提供漢字部首拆解訓練的環境

漢字初學者在漢字概念訓練的過程中,依直觀印象找出漢字中部首的位置,

教學系統目前並未提供部首拆解訓練。因此,未來可在教學系統中新增部首拆解 訓練單元,如此一來,教學系統除了促進漢字漢字概念的養成之外,還能幫助學 習者更快速有效的找出漢字中的部首位置,增進學習成效。

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附 錄

附錄一: 系統教學單元內容

系統字彙共 70 個字,括號內為(冊別 - 課別)

- 使用《新版 實用視聽華語》(國立臺灣師範大學主編,2008)

1. Chinese Characters

a. 手(2-4)→採(4-5)→抓(4-6)→攀(5-19) b. 艸(2-8)→芽(無)→苗(無)→葉(無) c. 水(1-8)→濺→漬→污(4-12)→洗(2-4)

d. 肉(2-3)→胃(5-11)→胖(2-5)→肚(4-14)

2. the Body

a. 目(4-12)→看(1-3)→眉(無)→眩(無)

b. 足(4-3)→趾(無)→踝(無)→踏(4-2)→跡(無) c. 口(1-12)→吃(1-7)→嚼(無)→吐(4-6)

d. 耳(4-2)→聽(1-10)→聒(無)→聲(2-9)

3. the Shape

a. 木(5-16)→林(4-12)→森(4-12)→桑→果(2-3) b. 羽(5-16)→扇(無)→翅(無)→翔(4-2)

c. 門(1-11)→ 開(1-10)→關(2-7)→閃(5-19)→問(2-3) d. 火(1-10)→燙(4-8)→燒(3-2)→灰(無)

4. the meaning

a. 糸(無)→絲(無)→紅(2-8)→線(4-5)→結(4-13) b. 病部(無)→病(2-1)→痛(4-6)→痊(無)

c. 虫(無)→蟲(無)→蛹(無)→蝶(無)

d. 食(無)→餓(2-7)→館(1-9)→飯(1-7)→飽(2-3)

附錄二: 漢字義符部首測驗試題

指導教授:張國恩 /宋曜廷 /簡馨瑩 博士 研究生 :林慧珊

Example:

Please see the following words. Which one is unrelated to the word “animal”?

(A)貓 (B)狗 (C)雞 (D)溪

Answer:

The words provided above are related to “animal” (“貓 / 狗 / 雞"are animals), except

“溪”. Therefore, the answer is (D).

漢字義符部首測驗 前測:

PART A.

( ) 1. Please see the following items. Which one is unrelated to the word “hand”?

(A)攪拌 (B)揅磨 (C)描繪 (D)配件

( ) 2. Please see the following items. Which one is unrelated to the word “plant”?

(A)芔 (B)芻 (C)磊 (D)蒯

( ) 3. Please see the following items. Which one is unrelated to the word “water”?

(A)鄱陽湖 (B)凋謝 (C)彭湃 (D)噴泉

( ) 4. Please see the following items. Which one is NOT a part of human’s body?

(A)朦朧 (B)上膊 (C)胛骨 (D)筋肕

PART B.

(Part. A)

(Part. C)

(Part. B)

(Part. D)

( ) 5. Please see the following words. Which one can be used to describe Part A?

(A)睹 (B)曝 (C)朝 (D)曶

( ) 6. Please see the following words. Which one can be used to describe Part D?

(A)躺 (B)穗 (C)跛 (D)掌

( ) 7. Please see the following words. Which one can be used to describe Part B?

(A)囿 (B)昧 (C)昆 (D)吶

( ) 8. Please see the following words. Which one can be used to describe Part C?

(A)豈 (B)聶 (C)詈 (D)盩

There are questions at the back of this paper.

PART C.

( ) 9. Please see the following sentences.

Which one is related to the picture (1) at the right hand side?

(A)翩翩飛舞的蝴蝶,停在花蕊上採花蜜。

(B)春天來了,萬物欣欣向榮,樹木也長出了新芽。

(C)這塊地很久沒有整理,所以長出很多雜草。

(D)這個市場中,青菜的種類很多,青花菜、芥藍菜都有。

(1)

( ) 10. Please see the following items.

Which sentence is related to the picture (2) at the right hand side?

(A)鯨魚不同於其他魚類,牠是一種哺乳類動物。

(B)一般來說,顏色鮮艷的昆蟲大多具有毒性。

(C)鳥類的身上的羽毛具有保護與保暖的作用。

(D)萊特兄弟發明的飛機如今已經成為一種普遍的交通工具。

(2)

( ) 11. Please see the following items.

Which sentence is related to the picture (3) at the right hand side?

(A)外面太吵雜了,媽媽要我把門關起來。

(B)他剛搬到這個地方,是我們的新鄰居。

(C)替窗戶裝上紗窗,避免蚊蟲飛進來。

(3)

(D)天氣真糟糕,才下完雨,又刮起颱風來了

( ) 12. Please see the following items.

Which sentence is related to the picture (4) at the right hand side?

(A)水的力量很大,使用水刀還能切割鑽石。

(B)秋天來了,溫度下降,天氣漸漸涼爽。

(C)太陽好大,為了避免水分流失,我時常喝水補充水分。

(D)原始人學會鑽木取火,並且發現用火烤熟的肉比較好吃。

(4)

PART D.

( ) 13.Please see the following items.

Which term is completely unrelated to “ filament / a cotton knit ”?

(A)繩索 (B)繫鞋帶 (C)紡紗 (D)幻象

( ) 14. Please see the following items.

Which term is NOT used to describe “ Physical condition ”?

(A)皮膚潰瘍 (B)祖先庇蔭 (C)感染瘧疾 (D)日漸消瘦

( ) 15. Please see the following items.

Which term does NOT refer to ” an insect/worm ”?

(A)豜 (B)蜤 (C)蠓 (D)蜚

( ) 16. Please see the following items.

Which term is unrelated to “eat”?

(A)盤中飧 (B)饜足 (C)毫帛 (D)飢餓

There are questions at the back of this paper.

漢字義符部首測驗 後測:

PART A.

( ) 1. Please see the following items. Which term is unrelated to “hand”?

(A)搗藥 (B)摹寫 (C)偃息 (D)投擲

( ) 2. Please see the following items. Which one is unrelated to the word “plant”?

(A)茻 (B)淼 (C)蕊 (D)荔

( ) 3. Please see the following items. Which one is unrelated to the word “water”?

(A)凝聚 (B)疏濬 (C)淼淼 (D)胥濤

( ) 4. Please see the following items. Which one is NOT a part of “human’s body”?

(A)脣齒 (B)臂膀 (C)扁桃腺 (D)佩服

PART B.

(Part. A)

(Part. C)

(Part. B)

(Part. D)

( ) 5. Please see the following words. Which one can be used to describe Part A?

(A)晼 (B)瞇 (C)昝 (D)朔

( ) 6. Please see the following words. Which one can be used to describe Part D?

(A)稼 (B)躲 (C)拳 (D)跪

( ) 7. Please see the following words. Which one can be used to describe Part B?

(A)吼 (B)曷 (C)圄 (D)晾

( ) 8. Please see the following words. Which one can be used to describe Part C?

(A)盭 (B)豊 (C)耷 (D)訾

There are questions at the back of this paper.

PART C.

( ) 9. Please see the following sentences.

Which one is related to the picture (1) at the right hand side?

(A)天空中有飛翔的鳥兒,小溪裡有悠游自在的魚兒。

(B)草的生命力旺盛,生長快速,所以要經常除草。

(C)屋子旁邊有許多樹木,我們常在樹下玩捉迷藏。

(1)

(D)街上的霓虹燈,替夜晚的街道增添不少熱鬧的氣氛。

( ) 10. Please see the following sentences.

Which one is related to the picture (2) at the right hand side?

(A)孔雀身上的羽毛有鮮艷的顏色,非常美麗。

(B)今天的氣溫降到零度以下,所以下雪了。

(C)瓢蟲用兩隻觸角辨別方向和尋找食物。

(D)因為颱風來襲,所有機場的飛機都停止飛行。

(2)

( ) 11. Please see the following sentences.

Which one is related to the picture (3) at the right hand side?

(A)如果天氣良好的話,這次的爬山計畫就可以實現了。

(B)我把電視機的聲音關小聲,以免吵到其它人。

(C)我趴在窗前,欣賞窗外美麗的景色。

(D)屋子裡有怪味道,我把門打開讓空氣流通。

(3)

( ) 12. Please see the following sentences.

Which one is related to the picture (4) at the right hand side?

(A)這裡的地勢太低了,每次颱風過後都會淹水。

(B)大火被撲滅了,所幸這次的火災沒有人員傷亡。

(C)大熱天裡,農夫照樣要頂著烈日耕田,真是辛苦。

(D)我不懂這裡的交通規則,所以不敢在這裡開車。

(4)

PART D.

( ) 13. Please see the following items.

Which term is completely unrelated to “filament / cotton knit” ? (A)編織 (B)幼稚 (C)繫住 (D)縫合

( ) 14. Please see the following items.

Which term is NOT used to describe “Physical condition” ? (A)庖丁解牛 (B)精疲力盡 (C)不藥而癒 (D)四肢癱瘓

( ) 15. Please see the following items.

Which term does NOT refer to ”an insect/worm?

(A)蜰 (B)蠜 (C)蠋 (D)豝

( ) 16. Please see the following items. Which term is unrelated to “eat”?

(A)佳餚 (B)饔飧 (C)針氈 (D)珍饈

附錄三:漢字義符部首測驗鑑別度及相關係數

前測部份:

前測題號 高分組 答對率

低分組

答對率 難度(P) 鑑別度(D) 點二系列 相關 1 0.85 0.22 0.54 0.63 .339 2 0.61 0.07 0.34 0.53 .386 3 0.73 0.33 0.53 0.39 .197 4 0.61 0.07 0.34 0.53 .446 5 0.67 0.41 0.54 0.26 .140 6 0.70 0.26 0.48 0.44 .248 7 0.79 0.30 0.54 0.49 .302 8 0.82 0.33 0.58 0.48 .332 9 0.88 0.41 0.64 0.47 .296 10 0.70 0.26 0.48 0.44 .238 11 0.82 0.56 0.69 0.26 .129 12 0.88 0.30 0.59 0.58 .394 13 0.67 0.19 0.43 0.48 .320 14 0.76 0.33 0.55 0.42 .296 15 0.73 0.26 0.49 0.47 .386 16 0.82 0.33 0.58 0.48 .355

後測部份:

後測題號 高分組 答對率

低分組

答對率 難度(P) 鑑別度(D) 點二系列 相關 1 0.97 0.34 0.66 0.62 .582 2 0.97 0.55 0.76 0.42 .423 3 1.00 0.34 0.67 0.66 .539 4 0.97 0.48 0.73 0.48 .308 5 0.94 0.38 0.66 0.56 .387 6 0.97 0.34 0.66 0.62 .423 7 0.94 0.45 0.69 0.49 .329 8 1.00 0.59 0.79 0.41 .552 9 0.97 0.31 0.64 0.66 .482 10 1.00 0.45 0.72 0.55 .470 11 0.94 0.62 0.78 0.31 .247 12 1.00 0.59 0.79 0.41 .491 13 0.94 0.28 0.61 0.66 .501 14 0.97 0.41 0.69 0.55 .468 15 1.00 0.62 0.81 0.38 .523 16 1.00 0.62 0.81 0.38 .494