• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第三節 建議

一、 對教學的建議:

對於教學流程的建議包含(一)在不同的問題解決步驟階段先讓小組內的個 人發表意見,而後產生小組對於此階段的共識,完成後才又進入到下一階段,使 之能更順利的進行,並且減少無社交以及成員分布在不同任務階段的情形。可利 用 10~20 分鐘的暖身活動來讓學生習慣使用發表想法、相互協調、溝通以及達成 共識等協作問題解決相關能力。(二)而在研究實施的教學活動中發覺學生對於多 人協作的形式並不排斥,且對於同儕的想法感到好奇,在組間協作部分也展現了 熱烈的討論,因此可以在組內協作之後安排組間甚至老師與全班的協作,並且在 此階段安排想法較不同的組別一起討論,能夠刺激學生產生更多想法,以及針對 自己想法產生辯護和反思的行為。

對教學現場培養協作問題解決能力的建議,(一)在協作問題解決小組的安排 上,須更為了解學生的特質,並且從多種特質來評估、包含性別、背景、成就等,

在不清楚學生能力情況下,可以學生本身條件採取異質性的分組方式,而若是知 曉學生能力的狀況,可使用同質性分組的方式。(二)教師需要適時的說明或引導 學生進行協作問題解決活動,因為有些學生可能不知如何進行有效的協作,需要 教師從旁協助,並強調協作問題解決的重要性及其意涵,例如使用 T 形圖來說明 舉例,讓學生更了解該如何進行。(三)若是使用科技融入教學的方面,需要更為 謹慎小心的注意相關器材的狀態,例如網路的順暢度,以及協作平台的設定,並 且讓學生在教學前就有機會接觸所要使用的科技工具,以利於在教學中能夠順利 使用,並且可增加支援者來進行障礙的排除,或是有多種工具能夠選擇,例如可 以讓學生選擇要使用手機、平板或是筆記型電腦來進行操作,有助於減少學生在 操作上的困難。(四)在課程內容的部分,建議以多元的內容,不同題材的主題,

引起學生的興趣及學習動機,並且依照學生初始能力調整任務的複雜程度。(五)

在協作問題解決任務的課堂中,多採取分組的方式,但是教師卻只有一個,難以 發現所有學生的困難或是求援,因此建議可以設定相關的規定,例如學生透過舉 手等發問機制使老師能更順利的與之進行協作。

二、 對未來研究的建議:

在未來研究主題方面,本研究建議後續能夠進而探討(一)本研究只針對協 作問題解決中的「採取適當的行動以解決問題」面相作分析探討,後續研究可在 針對另外兩個面向進行研究。(二)學生的個人特質是如何影響小組協作問題解決 的歷程,在本研究發現在協作問題解決能力及互動模式都會受到個人因素的影響,

但是那些會影響以及如何影響卻沒有深入的探討及分析,可做為未來改善研究設 計的依據。(三)經過教學活動的介入後學生產生了能力、互動及溝通上的改變,

然而本研究關注在介入前後的改變,並沒有針對教學中所使用的教學策略何者對 於造成改變的影響成分較大做分析探討,教師所使用的教學策略影響協作問題解 決也是值得分析的部分。(四)組間、師生、科技之間的協作互動歷程,本研究針 對組內協作提出詳細的互動歷程分析,但協作互動型式還有多種類型,但卻更少 有相關的實徵研究進行探討,而研究不同類型的協作問題解決也有助於對此議題 有更全面的瞭解。

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附錄

附錄一 A 組前測對話及其互動模式

對話 互動

模式

互動模式圖 Ab3:這怎麼用?

Ab2:然後...執行甚麼的 Ab3:老師,這怎麼用 T:進去了嗎?

Ab3:這裡填了然後進不去 T:再重新試試看

I-3

I-1

Ab3:然後哩?

Ab2:然後…最右邊的 step1 之 2,這個等下在做

I-3

I-1

Ab3:這個之後呢

Ab2:這個之後就下一步驟

I-3

I-1

0 χ

Ab3:這個是一樣的網站嗎?

Ab2:應該,不一樣吧 Ab3:老師,這個

T:等下我會直接把相關資訊印出來,你們就先將就著看 Ab3:那我可以先寫下面的題目嗎?

T:如果你覺得你可以的話那就可以先寫

I-3

I-1

Ab3:借我看

Ab2:不知道,怎麼寫?

I-3

I-1

Ab3:借我看...PM2.5 是什麼?

Ab2:是...那個...空氣的...顆粒效度

I-3

I-1

Ab2:可以自己出去嗎?

Ab3:是這樣嗎?

Ab2:都可以吧

I-3

I-1

0 I-1

Ab1:活動二是甚麼?

T:活動二指的就是我給你們的相關資訊 Ab3:老師,那他的網址要?資料來源要寫?

T:是指那些不是我提供的資料,你額外查到的資料就把網址貼 在上面

I-3

I-1

Ab3:我把解決方式寫出來 Ab2:可以啊

I-3

I-1

Ab3:你有把問題方式寫出來嗎?解決方式阿 Ab2:第一題阿

Ab3:他不是蒐集所有相關資料,那把文字都貼上去就好囉?

Ab2:沒有,要寫 Ab3:寫出來喔

Ab2:對,額外的要加參考的網址

I-3

I-1

Ab1:是要把網址貼上去就好?還是要把網址裡面的內容都貼上 去

T:網址就好

I-3

I-1

Ab3:要怎麼換頁?

Ab3:要怎麼換頁?