• 沒有找到結果。

第六章 結論與建議

第二節 建議

一、健康政策之建議

(一)提前於國小階段推動心理衛生教育計畫

由國小階段加強生命教育課程、情緒管理與壓力調適課程,培養學生遇到環 境壓力時能建立正向認知觀點,增進問題解決能力,並透過課程設計學習遭遇挫 折時,發揮良好復原力。

(二)各校成立「心理健康促進委員會」探討自殺相關之環境保護因子

藉由全校推動健康促進學校之計畫,成立「心理健康促進委員會」擬定自殺 防治研習課程內容,瞭解各校學生憂鬱情緒相關因子,並結合環境保護因子及優 勢人文與環境等條件,以做為各校、各地區青少年自殺防治之政策參考。

二、學校方面之建議

學校不但是青少年大部分活動的所在,並且是行政單位最容易接觸,也是最 有可能改變的場所,其學校扮演自殺防治極為關鍵的角色。故應以學校為主體提 出以下建議:

(一)中小學校聯合合作

本研究發現,學生從無到有自殺意念受由低變高的憂鬱情緒分數影響很大,

故建議在學生離開國小學校前,中小學合作透過各種創意活動或書面訊息,讓學 生對新環境熟悉;亦經由活動讓新生盡快在新環境裏結識新同伴,建立新的同儕 社會網絡。師長的支持也是非常重要,研究(Wenz-Gross & Siperstein, 1998) 顯示,

老師的支援可以減輕學生對新學校的壓力感;中小老師的互動有助於學生在新環 境得到合理的安置,尤其是學生特殊的需要亦能被照顧到。活動對象應學生、中 小學老師、學校行政人員及家長共同參與。

(二)強化學校的保護因子,落實七年級新生高關懷輔導網絡

校園推動心理健康防治計畫,針對潛在或實際易感受性的集群,如具情感變 異人格及憂鬱情緒或被霸凌經驗…等的弱勢七年級學生,提供主動關懷及資源的

協助;強化學校支持功能與資源,提供學生求助管道的流程,讓全校師生成為自 殺防治的守門員。

(三)強化個體的保護因子:學習情緒的控制、提升內控的自我價值

重視學生學習憂鬱情緒的自我察覺與壓力的轉化,面對生活壓力事件時,能 培養正面思考的習慣,採取問題為導向的因應策略。擴展生活範圍,與他人建立 良好的友誼或人際關係,減少在適應環境轉變時,不當的認知反應及負向的看法。

並避免以學業表現為能力的認定,以提升孩子的自信心及價值感,進而養成積極 樂觀的人格特質。特別是青春期的女學生在社會化的過程,宜特別協助建立正面 的情緒認知。尤其當個體認為自己的行為是外控於環境時,容易情緒不穩定、自 我貶抑,進而內化成憂鬱情緒,應強化自我控制的力量,提升內控的自我價值。

三、未來研究方向

(一)不同環境間相互影響的情況

本研究對於個人、家庭與學校因素的探討中,較缺乏不同環境間的互動情況,

且未收集學校的心理衛生相關策略。因此建議未來可就生態模式互動部分,填加 相關測量變項的收集,發展一系列更多元的測量工具,以更瞭解不同環境間互動 的影響。

(二)質量並重的三角校正法(triangulation)之應用

以質性研究的觀點深度訪談,進一步瞭解青少年對所處不同環境的互動情 況,及如何學習因應;以結合量性研究方式,深入探討青少年因升學轉換環境所 面臨的適應議題,將有助於學校規劃合適的新生輔導課程。

(三)收集更多抽樣地區的特性變項進行探究

探討自殺相關之環境保護因子,除了關注高自殺率的地區之外,也要瞭解一 些低自殺率地區的優勢人文與環境等條件,因本研究的外系統測量較集中於台灣 北部,以能因居住不同地區而有不同自殺意念表現的原因得以釐清,進而依此研 擬符合在地特性與賦權模式的長期預防策略或方案。

(四)運用更多年度的長期追蹤資料,並做九年一貫教育前、後世代之比較 本資料僅運用九年一貫教育政策前六、七年級之資料,因此僅看到政策前六 升七年級的變化情形,建議未來能運用更多年度的追蹤資料,以瞭解青少年各個 成長階段之自殺意念長期發展外,並做九年一貫教育政策前、後世代之比較,使 台灣青少年自殺意念成因更加辨明。

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(兒童及青少年行為之長期發展研究計畫)

七年級版問卷

親愛的同學:

為了瞭解青少年日常的生活習慣和健康情形,特別邀請你填 寫這份問卷。請你依照真實的情況與想法來回答。由於這是一份 不記名的問卷,你可以放心作答。如果有不清楚的地方,可以隨 時提問。謝謝你的協助!

接下來,請先寫下你的資料~

性別: □男生 □女生

生日:民國 ( )年( )月( )日 去年是( )國小 六年( )班( )號 現在是( )國中 七年( )班( )號

(國家衛生研究院衛生政策研發中心專題計畫)

SCH: □□ ID: □□□□□□□

62

一、請依照你平常的狀況,回答下面的問題!

二、請問你平常的生活情形:

1.

最近一星期,你有吃早餐嗎?

□(1)都沒有 □(2)有過一兩天 □(3)很多天 □(4)每天都有

2.

最近一星期,你有吃蔬菜或水果嗎?

□(1)都沒有 □(2)有過一兩天 □(3)很多天 □(4)每天都有

2.

最近一星期,你有吃蔬菜或水果嗎?