第五章 結論與建議
第二節 建議
第一節 結論
本節依據研究目的、研究假設和研究結果、歸納出下列研究結論，
分述如下：
一、 研究對象家庭二手菸暴露率 14.7%、職場二手菸暴露率 36.6%、禁 菸公共場所二菸暴露率 44.4%。平均每位研究對象周遭有 8 位吸菸 者，可能是親友或辦公室同事。
二、 研究對象有正向的拒二手菸態度、自我效能與拒二手菸行為，但 拒二手菸害知識仍待加強。
研究對象仍有六成以上對二手菸為致癌物與國內菸害防制法規的 瞭解程度不足。因此建議菸害防制宣導時，除了加強二手菸害知 識外，也要針對一般人常有的錯誤迷思，進行澄清。
三、 研究對象拒二手菸知識、態度、自我效能與行為四者間均呈現顯 著正相關
研究對象拒二手菸知識、態度、自我效能與行為四者間均呈現正 相關，顯示研究對象對拒二手菸知識瞭解程度越高，或拒二手菸
態度越正向，或拒二手菸自我效能程度越高，則對拒二手菸行為 的表現就越好。
四、 研究對象背景因素、社會環境因素、拒二手菸知識、態度、自我 效能能顯著預測拒二手菸行為
依據多元迴歸分析結果顯示，研究對象的背景因素、社會環境因 素、拒二手菸知識、態度、與自我效能能顯著預測拒二手菸行為，
可解釋拒二手菸行為總變異量 84.0%。研究對象若工作環境大部分 室外者、「拒二手菸社會規範」越高(即週遭親友表現拒二手菸行 為越多)、「拒二手菸自我效能」把握度越高者，越能表現拒二手 菸行為。
第二節 建議
本節將依據研究結果、分別對拒二手菸教育工作及未來研究方面提 出建議如下：
一、 對職場菸害防制教育工作的建議
(一) 加強二手菸害知識宣導與演練拒二手菸行為
菸害防制為目前職場健康促進重要議題之一，本研究發現拒二手 菸知識、態度、自我效能與拒二手菸行為之間有顯著相關，故應 持續各項菸害防制推廣活動，並將二手菸列入重點宣導，宣導內 容除加強二手菸害與三人以上室內辦公室全面禁菸的部分，也應
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針對一般人常見錯誤迷思進行澄清，以增進員工拒二手菸認知；
並以角色扮演的方式練習各場合暴露二手菸的拒二手菸行為表現，
以增強拒二手菸的自我效能，讓員工能勇於表現拒二手菸行為，
以避免暴露二手菸。
(二) 職場菸害防制宣導邀請主管及員工眷屬一起參加
本研究調調查結果發現，各級主管無論是拒二手菸態度、自我效 能與行為表現皆優於一般職員，因此建議職場推動菸害防制計畫時，
可鼓勵各級主管公開宣示支持職場拒吸二手菸，以玆鼓勵同仁拒二 手菸行為表現。而拒二手菸社會規範能預測拒二手菸行為表現，因 此也建議職場未來設計菸害防制宣導時，可以邀請員工眷屬一起參 加，以提升員工拒二手菸行為表現。
二、 對未來研究的建議
(一) 本研究發現背景因素、社會環境因素、拒二手菸知識、態度、自 我效能能顯著預測拒二手菸行為。因此建議未來研究能擴大收案，
多方面收集不同性質職場員工之拒二手菸行為及其相關影響因素，
以作為職場菸害防制教育推動依據。
(二) 本研究發現拒二手菸態度、自我效能與行為，受背景因素中「職 位階級」與「拒二手菸社會規範」之不同，而有顯著差異，但過 去研究並無相似比較。建議未來研究可將此變項納入研究中，以
深入探討拒二手菸行為的影響因素。
(三) 本研究調查之背景因素中僅「工作環境-大部分戶外工作」之變項 在多元迴歸分析中為能預測拒二手菸行為因子之一，顯示背景變 項中仍有未列入之變項需考量，建議未來研究可加入「研究對象 是否患有心血管疾病與呼吸道系統之慢性病或癌症」以及「家中 子女人數」、「配偶吸菸情況」變項。
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附錄一 問卷內容效度考驗專家名單 (依姓氏筆劃順序排列)
姓名 任職單位
李景美 臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系教授
胡益進 臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系教授
張鳳琴 臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系教授
董貞吟 臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系教授
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附錄三. 新北市某職場員工拒二手菸行為調查問卷
附錄三. 新北市某職場員工拒二手菸行為調查問卷