• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第二節 建議

第二節 建議

本節就本研究的結果,針對未來的研究提出建議,以做為後續研究的 參考。

壹、對於編製量表之建議 一、進行理論架構的證驗

本研究依雙向細目表的架構發展試題,在內在自我、他人或 外在的狀態、人際間三面向的衝突情境試題,進行理論架構適合 度考驗,詳如附錄五。而另一個理論向度,「抉擇的人生發展方 向」;「排除萬難做自己認為對而且該做的事」;「解決在工作 崗位上所遇到的難題」;「成就目前的人生定位或生活狀態等方 面」這四個面向的情境問題,也可以進行理論模式的評鑑。關於 此理論向的證驗性因素分析的理論模式架構圖如附錄六。

二、可進行二階的證驗性因素分析,建立更完整的理論模式

針對本研究的理論模式進行二階的證驗性因素分析,以了解 內在自我(intrapersonal)、他人或外在的狀態(extrapersona l)、 人際間 (interpersonal)三面向的潛在因素是否為「 智 慧」。關於二階證驗性因素分析的理論模式架構圖如附錄七。

三、可探討選擇性的作答方式的可行性

但由於本研究之量表採用開放式的作答方式,可能影響其回 答意願,並因此限制了編製試題的數量,及受試樣本數不夠大的 困境。

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四、可進行效標參照之研究

本研究是以理論為構念效度,在研究的過程中發現,智慧的 表現與解決問題的能力,圓融的處理人際間的關係,人生的豐富 經驗,前瞻的遠見,宏觀的視野,縝密的思惟及反省能力等有高 度的相關。因此,未來的研究可加入更多的效標參照,以使本量 表更加周延。

貳、對教師的建議

一、應用本量表進行反思,以提升教師智慧

Clayton 和 Birren(1980)認為智慧包含認知、情意、反思 等三方面,教師可以利用此量表以評定自己的智慧表現,並反省 自己處理日常生活事件的情況,以做為修正自己或提升能力的方 向,以達到圓滿幸福人生。

二、豐富學識,擴展工作經驗,培養高尚情操,以增進智慧

根據本研究結果,年齡、教育程度、工作年資、職務情況均 會影響其智慧表現的層次,意涵著教師應不斷的進修成長,增進 彼此互動,分享教學經驗,並嘗試擔任不同位階的職務,有助於 智慧層次的提昇。

參、對學校或教育行政單位的建議

一、應用本量表做為提升教師素質參考依據之一

近來教師的素質為社會大眾所關注,咸認為攸關教育的品 質。可利用本研究發展的教師智慧表現量表,以瞭解教師解決問

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題的態度與能力,以期遴用更有智慧的教師,以提升教育品質。

二、做為在職訓練或師資培育課程的參考

近來教育改革的潮流,家長對教育的重視,大眾對教師殷切 的期望,教師的工作變成是全方位的,除了熟悉教育的理論與方 法,更要有圓滿解決問題的能力,應對家長對教育的關切。培養 有智慧的教師,以增益其教師生涯的勝任度,減少不必要的工作 挫折與職業倦怠,成為教師專業成長的重要課題之一。

肆、未來研究的建議

一、進行「智慧」與傳統心理計量的「智能」理論之相關與差異的研究 進行兩者的相關研究,探討教師的智慧與其傳統智能的關聯 性及差異,以釐清智慧與智能的真實意涵。

二、擴大研究的對象與範圍

本研究的對象為教師,可進一步研究不同職業別,不同工作 性質的成人,其智慧的表現情形如何,教師與其他群體的智慧表 現是否有特定性,是否有層次上的差異,這些都是值得進一步探 討。

三、增加質性的研究,與量化的研究相互證驗

本研究之量表受限於研究的理論構架,又有預定的作答反應 層次,可能會限制受試樣本反應心向,透過質性的研究,可綜觀 許多潛在的反應內涵,有助於瞭解受試者對問題情境的解決歷 程,可更深入理解量化數字底下所蘊含的意義,未來可加入深度

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訪談進行分析,以做為修正研究的量表內容與試題。

四、進行智慧教學的實驗研究

本研究發現,試題的情境與其有類似的經驗的作答者,其得 分也越高,可能原因為過去解決相關問題情境時,累積一些反思 的經驗。因此,針對學生進行相關的智慧主題式的教學,以增加 對問題的思考與解決能力,有助於增加其智慧表現。

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