第五章 結論與建議
第二節 後續研究建議
就本研究過程、所得之結果及研究限制,對後續相關研究提出以下之建議:
一. 本研究在研究架構上假設不同休閒活動性質會與知覺壓力相關,而知覺壓力 又與睡眠品質相關,則不同休閒活動性質可能是透過知覺壓力之途徑進而與 睡眠品質相關,未來研究可以採用其他生理性質或心理指標作為休閒活動分 類依據,進一步檢視休閒活動與睡眠品質之中間途徑。
二. 本研究採取橫斷式的問卷研究,只能驗證兩變項間的相關性是否顯著,而無 法證明此相關性之因果關係,未來如果能採用縱貫式研究,調查固定受訪者 每週之休閒活動與睡眠品質,觀察休閒活動與睡眠品質在不同的時間點之變 動,以進一步了解其因果關係。
三. 本研究針對在職工作者進行調查,但因為在職工作者其職場性質差異大,進 行統計控制不易,未來進行類似研究時可以鎖定某一特定職業之工作者進行 研究,以便縮小職業特性對應變項造成的干擾。如果研究經費及規模許可,
則可做大規模樣本數之調查研究,有足夠的樣本數可以利用分組作為統計控 制之方式進行分組討論。
四. 可依照研究的目的選擇適合的休閒活動分類方式將休閒時數作歸類後與自變 項討論,此方法能對休閒活動的特性做更多的探討,但在填寫難度上較傳統 以選擇題方式調查難,所花時間也較久,在整理問卷資料時也較複雜,或許 可以針對問卷格式作更進一步的改良,或是以平板電腦搭配程式軟體以降低 操作難度及資料整理之時間。
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附錄一 研究問卷
在職工作者休閒活動與睡眠品質關係之研究
您好:
本研究目的為探討休閒活動及睡眠品質之關係。問卷採不具名方式填答,一切資料僅用於 學術研究,資料絕對保密,請安心填答。感謝您願意抽空協助本研究,敬祝:身體健康 順心如 意!
台灣大學園藝暨景觀學系 研究生 王致崴
第一部分 休閒活動
休閒活動定義:扣除工作、維持生理所需時間後,於剩餘時間內,自願從事之活動。
1.請問您過去一週,於一般工作日的休閒時間:平均每日約______小時。
2.請在下方時間軸上畫出您在工作日的休閒時段:(畫記方式: )
3.請問您過去一週,於假日的休閒時間:平均每日約______小時。
4.請在下方時間軸上畫出您在假日的休閒時段: (畫記方式: )
請翻頁繼續填答,謝謝!
上午
下午
上午
下午
午夜 凌晨 清晨 早上 中午
中午 下午 傍晚 晚上 午夜
午夜 凌晨 清晨 早上 中午
中午 下午 傍晚 晚上 午夜 01 02 04 05 07 08 10 11
13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23
13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 01 02 04 05 07 08 10 11
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休閒運動定義:該項休閒活動,其費力程度超過日常步行(散步)。
5.請您回想過去一週最常從事的兩項休閒運動,並將其項目及所花時間填入下列空格之中。且 依從事該項休閒活動的實際情況,分別填寫空間型態及同伴性質之類別時數。
(空間型態各項類別時數相加 = 該項休閒活動所花時間) (同伴性質各項類別時數相加 = 該項休閒活動所花時間)
休閒運動Ⅰ: 時間:
空間型態 室內空間 街道廣場 都市綠地 鄉村與市郊 自然環境
小時
小時 小時 小時 小時 小時
同伴性質 無同伴 陌生 認識 熟識 親密
小時 小時 小時 小時 小時
休閒運動Ⅱ: 時間:
空間型態 室內空間 街道廣場 都市綠地 鄉村與市郊 自然環境
小時
小時 小時 小時 小時 小時
同伴性質 無同伴 陌生 認識 熟識 親密
小時 小時 小時 小時 小時
請翻頁繼續填答,謝謝!
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非運動類休閒定義:靜態休閒活動或費力程度不超過日常步行(散步)的休閒活動。
6.請您回想過去一週最常從事的兩項非運動類休閒,並將其項目及所花時間填入下列空格之中。
且依從事該項休閒活動的實際情況,分別填寫空間型態及同伴性質之類別時數。
(空間型態各項類別時數相加 = 該項休閒活動所花時間) (同伴性質各項類別時數相加 = 該項休閒活動所花時間)
非運動類休閒Ⅰ: 時間:
空間型態 室內空間 街道廣場 都市綠地 鄉村與市郊 自然環境
小時
小時 小時 小時 小時 小時
同伴性質 無同伴 陌生 認識 熟識 親密
小時 小時 小時 小時 小時
非運動類休閒Ⅱ: 時間:
空間型態 室內空間 街道廣場 都市綠地 鄉村與市郊 自然環境
小時
小時 小時 小時 小時 小時
同伴性質 無同伴 陌生 認識 熟識 親密
小時 小時 小時 小時 小時
7.請問您過去一個月中,每週所從事之休閒活動的差異為?
a.□每週幾乎一樣 b.□每週差異小 c.□每週差異大 d.□每週幾乎都不同
請翻頁繼續填答,謝謝!
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附錄二 原文摘錄
依論文中引用先後排序
Siegenthaler, K. L.(1997) Health benefits of leisure. Parks & Recreation, 32, 24-28.
P.24
Leisure's contribution to health has attracted attention since the early 1970s (Neulinger & Breit, 1971). Recent research has indicated a growing interest in identifying specific types of leisure activities that contribute to well-being and understanding how leisure contributes (Brown, Frankel, & Fennell, 1991; Carpenter, 1994). Evidence of this interest is found in a collection of papers edited by Driver, Brown and Peterson (1991) that describe the diverse benefits society and individuals receive from leisure, as well as, a compilation of papers specific to leisure and mental health (Compton & Iso-Ahola, 1994). In the review of the following studies, health is operationalized in various ways; in some instances it may be viewed as narrowly as mental health (Carpenter, 1994), in others as broadly as the combination of physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual well-being (Ragheb, 1993). However health is operationalized, it is viewed as important to overall quality of life. A common finding of the research presented here is that leisure enhances health because it serves as a buffer to life's stressful events.
行政院主計處:
http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/dgbas03/ca/society/Health-94/2-0.htm
摘要-一、國人失眠困擾情形
(一)二成四的民眾有失眠困擾的問題,比率較 4 年前增加。
15 歲及以上國人在 94 年 9 月間疑有失眠困擾者占 24.39%,較 4 年前增
15 歲及以上國人在 94 年 9 月間疑有失眠困擾者占 24.39%,較 4 年前增