第四節 第四節 未來建議 未來建議 未來建議 未來建議
本研究雖然從部分指標中得知，知覺負載、語意一致性／類別一致性、跑馬燈位置 對於注意力與記憶的主要效果與交互作用，但在跑馬燈位置上幾乎未達成功的預測方向。
其主要是因為研究者在加入跑馬燈位置為自變項時，並非同樣以知覺負載下的假設概念
進行推論。而在過去研究中也僅止於目標物位置（Lavie, 1995）、干擾物在中央凝視點或 周邊（Beck & Lavie, 2005）是否會影響個人在知覺負載下的注意力表現。如能補足知覺 負載與空間位置相關文獻的探討，較能夠確實預測納入位置為變項的結果。
而在刺激物的控制上，由於本研究多以鏡頭切換作為主要操作動態影片的標準，但 若在研究時間與刺激物許可之下，仍可同過去研究發現所述，操作平滑運鏡、人數、物 件的移動、橫搖和變焦，如此一來才能夠達到確實的控制。此外，在新聞的操作上，需 考量閱聽人的偏好，甚至，若要操作類別一致性，則需先對新聞內容的類別、跑馬燈新 聞標題的類別進行檢測才行。
此外，本研究在自變項上所操作之語意一致性及類別一致性中可發現，閱聽人較容 易在高知覺負載情境下，一眼就注意到類別不一致的周邊干擾物。因此，未來研究除了 可操作單一新聞標題的語意一致性干擾效果外，也可深究語意一致性及類別一致性檢視 干擾物的注意力配置情況。
從分析結果說明，本研究以首次凝視時間、總凝視時間代表資訊處理難度；總凝視 次數、視線返回次數代表搜尋次數與重要性；平均凝視時間、平均視線返回時間代表注 意力投注程度。但兩個眼動指標所代表的一個注意力概念在分析上，往往無法達到一致 的結果。除了搜尋次數與重要性未得確切說明外，資訊處理難度、注意力投注程度在各 指標下所代表的概念經文獻推導如下，以提供未來研究參考。
一、資訊處理難度：Rayner 和 Duffy（1986）指出，首次凝視時間所指的是早期的再認 過程，其所包含的有只會被看一次的凝視點，在該次凝視過程中，觀者幾乎能夠在 後續再認該物，以及可能會需要再次凝視才能夠了解的凝視點。而在總凝視時間中 所指的是晚期的凝視時間，其包含了首次凝視時間中，第一次觀看就能夠完成後續 再認作業的凝視點，以及需經多次凝視才能夠完成再認作業的凝視點。故此二指標 所指涉的資訊處理難度範圍有所不同，首次凝視時間指的是早期的資訊處理難度，
而總凝視時間則是指晚期的資訊處理難度。若欲使首次凝視時間具解釋意義，則須 與再認正確率相關，才得以驗證相關假設。
二、注意力投注程度：Kliegl、Olson 和 Davidson （1983）指出，在過去研究中，透過
平均凝視時間所檢測的是，個人平均在每一次的凝視點當中，所能接收的資訊量多 寡。若平均凝視時間越長，則表示個人在每一次凝視點中，所接收的資訊越多，注 意力的投注程度便越高。然而，平均視線返回時間主要說明，個人平均每一次的視 線返回次數中，該刺激物的可讀性程度。但實際上，可讀性高低與注意力投注程度 不一定呈正相關，其主要因為經由總觀察時間所得之的可讀性僅說明，該區域具有 解讀空間（Baloh, et al., 1975），但不一定與再認正確率呈正相關。就注意力投注程 度而言，當個人的注意力投注程度越高，所耗用的認知資源容量較多，於物件上的 再認正確率也會提高。故平均視線返回時間在此僅能說明，平均每次的視線返回，
該區域是否具有意義，而無法全然代表注意力的投注程度。
最後，在本章第二節結果討論中所提及共存處理機制的觀點，則可經由未來研究中 深入探究。在控制處理機制與自動處理機制下，Awh 等人（2012）所提出非以此二分法 的模式說明，人們如何從複雜的環境中處理多重資訊。經控制處理機制下搜尋的目標與 相關特徵的物件，以及經自動處理機制所處理的突顯性物件，整合先前注意力選擇的經 驗，可替運用於媒體刺激物下的知覺負載理論作一延伸性的理論發展與實務應用。
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