埔里鎮曹姓農友自 2012 年起配合本場茭白筍健康管理生產體系示範計畫，進 行茭白筍健康管理第一期作之生產成本分析，第一期作自 2012 年 11 月至 2013 年 5 月採收結束止，第二期作自 2012 年 6 月至同年 10 月採收結束止，田區皆以 0.1 ha 之慣行管理區與健康管理區為試驗範圍，紀錄 2013 年茭白筍一期作生產成本效益 並比較慣行管理區與健康管理區之差異。
將農戶記帳資料整理建檔，生產成本分為「第一種生產費」及「第二種生產 費」，其計算方法說明如下：
1. 第一種生產費＝直接費用＋間接費用
2. 第二種生產費＝第一種生產費＋地租＋資本利息 3. 粗收益＝產量×單價
4. 直接費用＝種苗費＋肥料費＋病蟲害防治費＋能源費＋材料費＋機工費＋人 工費
5. 農家賺款＝粗收益－總生產成本 (第二種生產費) ＋自家工＋自給地租＋資 本利息
分析結果，第一期作健康管理區之第二種生產費為 56,821 元/0.1 ha，慣行管 理區為 61,271 元/0.1 ha，健康管理區較慣行管理區節省 4,450 元/0.1 ha。從各項目 成本進行比較，發現健康管理區節省之成本為人工費 3,300 元/0.1 ha 及肥料費 1,106 元/0.1 ha，健康管理區施用肥料次數比慣行管理區少 3 次，相對地也影響到人工費。
在產量部分，健康管理區茭白筍的產量為 1,168 kg/0.1 ha，而慣行管理區茭白筍的 產量僅 1,076 kg/0.1 ha，健康管理區茭白筍的產量較慣行管理區增加 8.6%。換算結 果，第一期作健康管理區農家賺款為 30,744 元/0.1 ha，慣行管理區為 25,514 元/0.1 ha，健康管理區因節省肥料及人工費，且產量高於慣行管理區，故較慣行管理區 多賺 5,230 元/0.1 ha (表 4)。
分析茭白筍第二期作生產費用，健康管理區的肥料施用量比慣行管理區少 1.06 倍，故肥料費節省 1,230 元/0.1 ha，相對地也反應在人工費上，健康管理區較慣行 管理區節省 947 元/0.1 ha，健康管理區第二種生產費為 44,937 元/0.1 ha，慣行管理 區為 47,144 元/0.1 ha，健康管理區較慣行管理區節省 2,207 元/0.1 ha。產量方面，
健康管理區茭白筍的產量為 2,086 kg/0.1 ha，而慣行管理區茭白筍的產量僅 1,838 kg/0.1 ha，健康管理區茭白筍的產量較慣行管理區增加 13.5%。結果顯示，第二期 作農家賺款健康管理區為 96,565 元/0.1 ha，慣行管理區為 81,695 元/0.1 ha，健康
Table 4. The cost and benefit analysis of waterbamboo health management in Puli township in
2013 (Unit: NT$/0.1 ha)
Item
First cropping season Second cropping season Customary
Health area (D)
Differ.
(D-C)
Seedling 4,200 4,200 0 2,000 2,000 0
Fertilizer 4,990 3,884 -1,106 3,070 1,840 -1,230 Pest Control 1,811 1,811 0 1,930 1,930 0
Energy 2,094 2,094 0 2,334 2,334 0
Materials of Equipment 201 217 16 251 251 0
Mechanization 2,200 2,200 0 0 0 0
Labor 37,650 34,350 -3,300 29,625 28,678 -947 (Family Labor) 34,350 31,050 -3,300 23,925 22,978 -947
Direct Cost 53,146 48,756 -4,390 39,210 37,033 -2,177 Farming Tools Depreciation 4,110 4,110 0 4,110 4,110 0 Indirect Cost 4,110 4,110 0 4,110 4,110 0 Primary Production Cost 57,256 52,866 -4,390 43,320 41,143 -2,177 Land Rents 3,228 3,228 0 3,228 3,228 0
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Establishment of the Production System for Waterbamboo (Zizania latifola Turcz.) Health Management
Chung-Ta Liao1,*, Yi-Fong Tsai2, Jeng-Hong Tsai3, Ben-Yuan Tsai4, and Chien-Chih Kuo1
1 Associate Researcher (C. T. Liao) and Assistant Researcher (C. C. Kuo), respectively, Crop Environment Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.
2 Researcher and Branch Director, Puli Branch, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Nantou, Taiwan, ROC.
3 Assistant Researcher, Crop Improvement Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.
4 Assistant Researcher, Agricultural Extension Section, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.
* Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]; Fax:(04)8527455.
Abstract
Waterbmboo (Zizania latifola Turcz.) is a high economic value cash crop in Puli area.
Waterbamboo has been planted more than two decade at the same field and has continuously flooded during the cultivated period. As the high water level in the field, farmers have considered more fertilizers application for waterbamboo need. Otherwise, leaf spot, Helminthosporium zizaniae, of waterbamboo was a seriously disease from the middle to end of cultivated period and let yield loss drastically. Taichung district agricultural research and extension has focused on the major problems as facing the waterbamboo cultivation and raised the opposite resolved strategies. We have considered four directions, included crop, environment, producers and consumers, to build the new situation of waterbamboo industry. The health management area was set up in Puli township, Nantou County in 2013, and customary area as blank. Before waterbamboo seedling planted, the soil had been sampled for soil fertility diagnosis. Results showed that pH value of acidic soil was 4.85, and the amount of Ca was lower than reference value. To resolve the condition, 2,500 kg/ha lime material and 3,000 kg/ha silicon material were applied to soil of health management area to let pH value was adjustment from 4.85 to 5.5, and many soil characters had comeback to normal values. The amount of N-P2O5-K2O was 398 - 398 - 398 kg/ha in health management, less than 1,313 - 620 - 756 kg/ha in customary area, which reduced 915 - 222 - 358 kg/ha application. The number of fertilizer application had decreased 3 times and the amount of fertilizer had reduced 65.4%. Furthermore, the yield of waterbamboo was 32,540 kg/ha in health management area, more than 29,140 kg/ha in customary area, which increased 340 kg/ha, enhanced 11.7% approximately. Otherwise, the older and residue leaves had erased to improvement the airy capacity between waterbamboo plants. The silicon materials had added into soil to enhance the resistant for plant to pests and non-pesticide materials had used to control pest, which had decreased the damage caused by Uromyces coronatus, H. zizaniae, and Saccharosyden procerus, and achieve the goal of non-pesticide residue. The cost of fertilizers and labor in health management area was saving and the yield of harvest was higher than customary area. According the analysis of cost and benefit, the farmer earning was NT$ 127,309/0.1ha in health management area, and NT$
107,209/0.1ha in customary area. The farmer earning was increased 20,100 NT$/0.1ha, approximately 18.7% in health management area.
Key words: Waterbamboo, Health management, Technique integration, Cost-benefit analysis.