水稻健康管理基本上是導入「預防勝於治療」及「滾動調整」觀念，對於病 蟲害及肥份管理，可恰到好處，進而減少用藥及肥料量的物力及人力成本。預防 及滾動的策略，如在苗期及水稻生育期間病蟲害預警發佈，提早進行病蟲害防治。
秧苗經枯草桿菌處理者，第 1 期作稻熱病罹病率低於慣行法 6.4%，約減少 26.4%
發生程度。第 2 期作於插秧後 35~40 天施用培丹，防治蟲害；插秧後 40~50 天施 用枯草桿菌或克枯爛預防白葉枯病。另如颱風不斷，日照低及雨量多情況下，水 稻植株對氮素吸收較緩慢，此時以滾動調整肥料用量，可強健植株而間接減少病
蟲害的發生。調整的方式，氮素肥料施用量可減少 10%，鉀肥量增加 10~15%。例 如穗肥 (插秧後約 55 天) 每公頃施用硫銨 2.5 包，氯化鉀 1.8 包；施用前灌水，施 用後停止灌溉水流出。穗肥除施用量要注意外，施用時間點也很重要，以水稻剛 進入幼穗形成期最為恰當。以上整理論述，提供農委會推行作物健康管理體系之 參考。最終目標以整合性環境友善的管理方式生產農作物，進而期望達到三少 (少 用藥、少肥料、少成本) 及三高 (高品質、安全性高、好價高) 的境界。
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Developing Techniques and Demonstration of Health Management in Rice
Min-Shin Lai1,*, Shan-Chi Chu2, Zhi Wen Zheng2, Charng-Pei Li1, Woei-Shyua Jwo1, Chen Hsie Tsai2, and Su-Jein Chang2,**
1 Associate Researcher (M. S. Lai), Assistant Researcher (C. P. Li), and Assistant Researcher (W. S. Jwo), respectively, Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
2 Assistant researcher (S. C. Chu), Contract assistant (Z. W. Zheng), and Assistant Researcher (C. H. Tsai), respectively, Crop Environment Section, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.
3 Researcher, Secretary General Office, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.
* Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]
** Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The basic philosophy of crop healthy management (CHM) is based on integrated management of environment-friendly method to product safe and good food. The goal of this study was to be established the system of healthy management on rice from seedling stage to ripen stage. Firstly, seeds were treated antagonistic microorganism to disinfect against seed-bored diseases at seedling stage or pre-transplanting which was isolated and identified by Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station have been multiplied. Then the amount of seeds in one pieces was decreased from 300 g to 230~240 g. At transplanting, modified the plant density as 30*24 cm was recommended while the conventional density was 30*15 cm. The results showed that infection of blast reducing 12%, 5% reduction in grain yield and eating quality of rice increased by 3% in health management. In conclusion, health management can create ventilation environment by healthy seedlings, wide planting, and appropriate amount of fertilizer, so a less pesticide application, relative net income can be increased by 4%. The most important thing is to reduce environmental pollution by health crop management as well as a kind of environment-friendly production management.
Keyword: rice (Oryza sativa L.), antagonistic microorganism, plant density.