• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第二節 研究限制與建議

壹、未來研究

本研究工具是採用黃惠玲與吳英璋(1992)所編製的量表來取得幼兒 依附分數,然而該量表距今已有二十多年,此外,檢視量表內容,發現有 部份題目與依附因素的內涵有不一致之處,因此未來若有專家重新建構良 好信效度,並符合現代家長所填寫的依附關係量表,那麼建議欲從事相關 人員,可以使用更合宜的量表來探討幼兒依附關係與親子情緒言談的相 關。

本研究由於僅探討幼兒依附關係與親子情緒言談這兩個變項的關係,

因此建議未來欲從事相關研究人員,也可控制不同家庭社經背景、母親教 育程度、幼兒性別,或者蒐集更多背景資料,如親子平時對話的相關經驗。

此外,本研究是蒐集親子負面情緒言談的語料,建議未來也可以蒐集其他 親子對話語料,如親子繪本共讀或親子餐桌對話等,也許會有不同的研究 發現。

本研究所分析的情緒言談品質內涵皆是參考國外相關研究之編碼架 構,然而有些編碼的內涵,其實並不適用於我國文化下的親子言談形式,

例如在本研究中母親與孩子在皆甚少使用「情緒肯定」、「情緒引發的行為 結果」;而值得深入探討的是,在本研究中發現母親與幼兒在討論情緒時,

經常會在談話提醒孩子「不要」產生某特定情緒,例如「媽媽就是去幾天而 已啊,然後就回來了啊,本來就是都要工作的啊,不要傷心了,沒有關係」「所以姑姑 是嚇你的好不好?那你不要害怕好不好?」,「不要」產生某特定情緒的對話形式普 遍出現在不同依附程度的親子對話中,換句話說,安全依附程度較高的幼 兒,其母親雖然在情緒言談中會提供很多的情緒化解策略,但依然會在談 話結束前,提醒孩子「不要…有某特定情緒」,這種在言談中刻意的叮囑,

是本研究發現我國母親特有的情緒討論習慣,而這與幼兒依附關係的相關

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又為何呢,建議未來欲從事相關研究的人員可以再深入探討,並修訂適合 我國文化下,母親與孩子會使用的言談品質內涵,也期待會有不同的研究 發現。

最後,本研究因考量研究對象參與意願,因此僅採錄音方式蒐集語料,

沒有進行錄影,所以無法獲得親子在言談過程中的肢體互動,此外,本研 究也未分析語料中的口氣部份,然而親子對話中的肢體互動或是語調等,

都是編碼時,重要的參考訊息,因此建議未來相關研究在分析語料時,能 多加參考這些有關資訊,以增加編碼的準確性。

貳、實務部份

一、對家長與推行親子教育人員之建議

本研究發現,不同程度的依附關係,親子情緒言談品質也會有不同程 度的表現,由此可知,母親在依附關係中的敏感度,對孩子的影響是長久 且深遠的,因為孩子從母親身上所建立的安全感,會延伸到後來親子情緒 言談的內涵。因此父母不可輕忽安全依附關係建立的重要性,而建議親子 教育人員也要廣為推廣。

另一方面,幼兒依附關係與親子情緒言談是一種雙向關係(bidirection),

即依附會影響親子情緒言談的內涵,而親子情緒言談亦會促進依附關係的 建立(Farrar et al, 1997),換句話說,當安全依附程度較高的孩子,其親子 能產出較有品質的情緒言談時,其實在言談過程中,亦會促進幼兒的安全 依附關係,因此建議家長與孩子在平日共構情緒言談是重要的,因為同時 也能增進幼兒與家長的依附關係。

二、對幼兒園教師之建議

幼兒在一日生活中,經常可見其情緒表達,本研究顯示安全依附程度 較高的幼兒,會提供較多的「情緒解釋」,因此當老師在聆聽幼兒表達情 緒時,可從其言談內涵,進一步了解幼兒的依附關係。

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