從明代皇帝之即位詔及遺詔論明代政權之轉移(下)
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(26) ·26·. A Study on the Transmission of Political Power of the Ming. Dynasty from the Enthroning Edicts and Imperial Wills ofthe. Ming Emperors. Jer-Iang Chang Professor, Department of History. National Chengchi University. When the Ming emperor ascends the throne, as a rule, an edict for this occasion will be issued. When the emperor demises, also as a rule, a will is issued. This paper studies the relationship between imperial wills and enthroning edicts and the transfer of emperors' authority by death. Who are they that draw up those edicts and wills? Would they take those edicts and wills as an instrument to get rid of dissidents and protect their fellow-members? Furthermore, do these edicts and wills have any unusual meaning? Or they are simply cliche? The author suggests that, other than T'ai-tsu, Hui-ti, and Ch'eng-tsu, almost all edicts and will are written by the Grand Secretariats. Moreover, the ascending throne edicts and the will of demised emperor are written by the same person. Usually, the wills have only a few lines. The edicts, however, can be as long as tens ofthousands ofwords, pointing out malfeasance in the previous emperor's reign and suggesting improvements to be done. The latter can also be seen as the emperor's new policy. Nevertheless, except for a few, these edicts are mostly cliche. Due to that the leading member of the Grand Secretariats is usually the one who draws up the edict and will, the ascending and descending of his power also.
(27) .fS I!/J 1\1*.:t.. Be.{!t. -m .a.1t:m it I!/J 1\it;fJU:.#:f?Cf). • 27 •. influence of the power of the edict and will. Prior to mid Ming, because the system of the Grand Secretariats is still developing, its power is limited. The impact of the. edicts and wills toward the transfer of authority is not apparent. However, from the death of Wu-tsung to the enthronement of Shen-tsung, the power of the Grand Secretariats becomes more important, edicts and wills become the center of factional strife. Whoever draws up the edict and will, he would take the opportunity to get rid of dissidents and protect his fellow-members. However, after the Shen-Tsung's reign, the power of the Grand Secretariats diminishes and is taken over by the Board of Civil Service. The importance of edicts and wills thus reduces.. Key Words: Ming emperors, enthroning edicts, imperial wills, transfer of imperial authority.
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