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行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 成果報告

台灣溫泉旅館產業之消費者導向研究

計畫類別: 個別型計畫 計畫編號: NSC94-2213-E-110-016- 執行期間: 94 年 08 月 01 日至 95 年 07 月 31 日 執行單位: 國立中山大學企業管理學系(所) 計畫主持人: 盧淵源 報告類型: 精簡報告 處理方式: 本計畫可公開查詢

中 華 民 國 95 年 9 月 11 日

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行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫

█ 成 果 報 告

□期中進度報告

A Customer-Oriented Study in Taiwan Spa Hotel Industry

台灣溫泉旅館產業之消費者導向研究

計畫類別:■ 個別型計畫 □ 整合型計畫

計畫編號:

NSC94-2213-E-110-016

執行期間: 94 年 08 月 01 日至 95 年 07 月 31 日

計畫主持人:盧淵源 國立中山大學企管系教授

共同主持人:

計畫參與人員:許育文 國立中山大學企管系 博士班研究生

林廷軒 國立中山大學企管系 博士班研究生

成果報告類型(依經費核定清單規定繳交):■精簡報告 □完整報告

本成果報告包括以下應繳交之附件:

□赴國外出差或研習心得報告一份

□赴大陸地區出差或研習心得報告一份

□出席國際學術會議心得報告及發表之論文各一份

□國際合作研究計畫國外研究報告書一份

處理方式:除產學合作研究計畫、提升產業技術及人才培育研究計畫、

列管計畫及下列情形者外,得立即公開查詢

□涉及專利或其他智慧財產權,□一年□二年後可公開查詢

執行單位:國立中山大學企管系

中 華 民 國 95 年 07 月 31 日

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中文摘要 台灣地處板塊交界地帶,在各地擁有許多 的溫泉資源,在於溫泉旅館間彼此的激烈競爭 下,消費者如何從其中選擇適合自己的溫泉旅 館?有哪些關鍵因素影響消費決策的行為?將 是本研究的主要重心。所謂客戶價值是指消費 者針對產品或服務所願意付出的金額,因此很 多公司無不致力於提升顧客價值以確保公司的 營運成功。過去二十年來一些主要的研究多探 討產品品質與價格兩個基本構念與顧客價值的 關係,本研究將進一步加入交易風險的構念以 探討台灣溫泉旅館產業顧客的消費決策模式。 關鍵字:顧客價值、品質、價格、交易風險、 溫泉旅館產業 Abstract

Taiwan was located on juncture of strata, so there are lots of hot springs in everywhere. How consumers choose a particular spa hotel which is appropriate for themselves under such intensely competition among spa hotels and what are the key factors that affect consumers’ purchasing decisions will be the cores of this study.

As customer value refers to everything done by product suppliers that the customer is prepared to pay for, many leading companies now feel that the creation of outstanding consumer value is the only secure route to achieving sustainable financial and market success. A model has been developed by which it is possible to identify the factors which customers look for when they make purchasing decisions. The traditional factors studied in the last two decades of the 20th century have been mainly limited to two basic functions of product quality and price. We seek in this research to determine whether these two should be enhanced by the construct of transaction risk. This study attempts to include previous research on perceived

customer value within a model and examine the antecedents and outcomes of perceived customer value in the spa hotel industry in Taiwan.

Key words: customer value, quality, price,

transaction risk, spa hotel industry.

Introduction

Both marketing practitioners and scientists have come to recognize the major influence that perceived value has on consumer behavior. This identification has evolved to the point where control over the provision of value to customers has become a strategic imperative for the 1990s, rivaling satisfaction for management attention. Many leading companies now feel that the creation of outstanding consumer value is the only secure route to achieving sustainable financial and market success (Coopers and Lybrand, 1988)

Despite the strength of this concept, managers who must deliver superior customer value still raise questions as to how consumers measure value and the activities their organizations should implement in order to secure a value advantage (Woodruff. 1997)

In this research, we like to examine four important issues of major significance to management of spa hotels in Taiwan:

This study will extend previous research on perceived value by including the construct of perceived risk within a model of the antecedents and consequences of perceived value. A perceived value model will be tested in Taiwan spa hotel industry by the empirical survey. The research will complete the objectives as follows:

(1) Set up conceptual model of perceived value to examine the hypotheses.

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(2) Collect reliable measurements in the past researches for the constructs defined in the model.

(3) Confirm the results in objective (1) by empirical survey data.

(4) We use LISREL to build up the full relations model of all variables involved in this study, which will contain product quality, service, risk and perceived value. This will also be illustrated in Figure 1. . β12(-) β6(+) β2(+) β3(+) β7(+) β4(+) β8(-) β11(+) β5(-) β12(+) β9(-) β1(-) FIGURE 1

Conceptual Model of Perceived Value

Questionnaire design and survey 一.問卷設計 第一部份,量測溫泉旅館的服務品質重要程 度;第二部份,量測溫泉旅館的相關價格與 財務績效風險重要程度;第三部份,量測溫 泉旅館的價值與消費意願重要程度。總題項 30 題,依經驗法則,樣本數約為題項五倍。 二.抽樣過程 本研究針對台灣北、中、南、東部的溫 泉旅館消費者進行問卷調查,全數回收 200 份。針對研究架構與假設擬定問題, 針對正在溫泉旅館消費的消費者,以人員 發放問卷方式進行量測。

Outcome and conclusion

一.因素分析 本研究針對各構面之量表進行因素分 析 以 檢 驗 問 卷 之 建 構 效 度 (construct validation)。首先對各量表的輸入資料進 行主成分分析,再將分析結果以最大變異轉 軸法(varimax)進行直交轉軸萃取。取捨標 準依 Hair et al.(1995)之建議,取特徵值 (eigenvalue)大於 1,因素負荷量(factor loading)大於 0.5 以上。 表一 各構面因素分析結果 構 面 因 素 內 容 因素 負荷量 特徵值 解釋 變異量 累積變 異量 溫泉種類很重要 (ex.碳酸泉、硫磺 泉) .739 溫泉療效很重要 .685 泡湯時可同時欣賞 風景是很重要 .663 冬天泡湯可防寒、 暖身 .585 功 能 服 務 品 質 泡湯時可與親友連 絡感情 .725 6.222 13.295 13.295 我很在意業者的設 備是否先進 .934 泡湯的衛生很重要 .695 技 術 服 務 品 質 泡湯時隱密性很重 要(ex.個人池) .838 4.567 12.233 25.528 溫泉水源很重要 .632 泡湯的地點很重要 .661 溫泉旅館的餐點與 飲品的美味很重要 .531 認 知 產 品 品 質 溫泉旅館的情調很 重要 .791 3.340 11.024 36.552 我很在意溫泉旅館 的價格 .848 我在泡湯時會多找 幾家比較價格 .810 我通常只在有打折 的時間去泡湯 .820 民宿的興起不會影 響到去溫泉旅館消 費 .764 關 連 價 格 交通的成本不會影 響到去溫泉旅館消 費 .842 2.373 9.913 46.465 財 務 住溫泉旅館是一種 奢侈的享受 .936 1.959 8.901 55.367 ENCOUNTER SPECIFIC TECHNICAL SERVICE QUALITY PERCEIVED PRODUCT QUALITY PERRCEIVED RELATIVE PRICE PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE FINACIAL RISK PERCEIVED VALUE FOR MONEY WILLING -NESS TO BUY ENCOUNTER SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL SERVICE QUALITY

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構 面 因 素 內 容 因素 負荷量 特徵值 解釋 變異量 累積變 異量 我很怕泡到假溫泉 .873 媒體報導的回收溫 泉令我不太敢去泡 湯 .821 風 險 我怕泡湯會得到傳 染病 .858 多花一點錢得到更 好的服務是值得的 .921 我常感到泡湯是一 種享受 .833 在溫泉旅館泡湯讓 我有幸福的感覺 .721 溫泉旅館泡湯比其 他溫泉區的感覺更 好 .570 金 錢 知 覺 價 值 住宿又泡湯是一種 人生的享受 .517 1.595 8.194 63.561 這次的泡湯經驗會 讓我下次想要再來 .515 我願意多花點錢 享受泡湯的感覺 .554 如果要泡湯我會 選擇到溫泉旅館 .705 購 買 意 願 泡湯價格不貴, 所以下次還會再 來泡 .866 1.315 7.675 71.236 二.信度分析 本研究對正式問卷調查進行 Cronbach's α 信度分析來檢驗其一致 性,根據以往探索性研究(Nunnally, 1978) 所採用的標準,該構面的 Cronbach's α 內部一致性大於 0.60 才保留,若未逹此標 準之變項,均酌予修正問項。 表二 各構面信度分析結果 構 面 問 項 內 容 Item to Total Cronbach's α 值 溫泉種類很重要(ex.碳酸 泉、硫磺泉) .5521 溫泉療效很重要 .5079 泡湯時可同時欣賞風景是很 重要 .5786 冬天泡湯可防寒、暖身 .4312 功 能 服 務 品 質 泡湯時可與親友連絡感情 .5483 .7508 我很在意業者的設備是否先 進 .9301 技 術 服 務 泡湯的衛生很重要 .5139 .8392 構 面 問 項 內 容 Item to Total Cronbach's α 值 我很怕泡到假溫泉 .873 品 質 溫泉水源很重要 .3751 泡湯的地點很重要 .6345 溫泉旅館的餐點與飲品的美 味很重要 .5332 認 知 產 品 品 質 溫泉旅館的情調很重要 .6692 .7532 我很在意溫泉旅館的價格 .7017 我在泡湯時會多找幾家比較 價格 .6939 我通常只在有打折的時間去 泡湯 .8205 民宿的興起不會影響到去溫 泉旅館消費 .7804 關 連 價 格 交通的成本不會影響到去溫 泉旅館消費 .8032 .9027 住溫泉旅館是一種奢侈的享 受 .9436 我很怕泡到假溫泉 .7883 媒體報導的回收溫泉令我不 太敢去泡湯 .7360 財 務 風 險 我怕泡湯會得到傳染病 .7702 .9167 多花一點錢得到更好的服務 是值得的 .8463 我常感到泡湯是一種享受 .7321 在溫泉旅館泡湯讓我有幸福 的感覺 .5630 溫泉旅館泡湯比其他溫泉區 的感覺更好 .4195 金 錢 知 覺 價 值 住宿又泡湯是一種人生的享 受 .5472 .8285 這次的泡湯經驗會讓我下次 想要再來 .5718 我願意多花點錢享受泡湯的 感覺 .6315 如果要泡湯我會選擇到溫泉 旅館 .4661 購 買 意 願 泡湯價格不貴,所以下次還 會再來泡 .5645 .7584 三.效度分析 效度分析時我們採主成份分析法並 透過 VARIMAX 進行正交轉軸,以特徵值 (eigen value)大於一者為變數構面的選 取依據,以瞭解量表的收斂效度與判別效度 是否合乎接受的標準。 四.結論 以 Cronbach α係數來衡量問卷的信 度,以便確認同一構面下的各個項目間有一 致性,信度分析(Reliability)的結果如表 二所示。從表二得知,功能服務品質構面的 Cronbach α值為 0.7508,技術服務品質構

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面α值為 0.8392,認知產品品質構面α值 為 0.7532,關聯價格構念α值為 0.9027, 財務風險構念α值為 0.9167,金錢知覺價 值構念α值為 0.8285,購買意願構念α值 為 0.7584 。 Guielford(1965) 指 出 , 當 Cronbach α大於 0.7 時,代表問卷的信度 相當高,若 Cronbach α介於 0.35-0.7 之 間,則表示信度尚可,若低於 0.35 則表示 信度相當低。由此可見,整體而言本問卷的 信度是可以接受的。 從表一得知,第二次分析共萃取出七個 特徵值大於一的因素,且七個因素的累積解 釋量提高為 63.561%,而且所選取的衡量 變數皆能收斂於相對應的構面中,因此顯示 該量表具備可接受的收斂效度與判別效度。 五. 未來研究目標 在確認本問卷具備可接受的信度與效 度後,接下來我們將利用結構方程模式的分 析進一步去檢驗在此研究所提出理論模型。 References

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