「聞聲救苦」或「濫用靈性」？職場靈性影響組織行為之實證研究—以文官靈性為中介變項

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(1)ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය Ȥࣴ‫ز‬ፕЎȥ ҇103ԃ9Д ।73-107 ୯ҥࡹ‫ݯ‬εᏢϦӅՉࡹᏢ‫س‬. ĶჷᓏାࡴķٕĶᑿϡីّķĉ ᖚಞីّᇆᜩ௡ᖐҖࠎ̝၁ᙋࡁտ. ęͽ͛‫̬̚ࠎّីء‬តี ӓ‫؟‬ጳ. **. Ƞᄔाȡ ၸ۳ࣴ‫ز‬᛾ჴǴ౜жҾ཰ಔᙃЇ຾ᡫ‫܄‬Ǵ‫ޑ‬ዴૈԖਏගϲ঩π‫҅ޑ‬ӛ ಔᙃՉࣁǴฅԶᡫ‫܄‬ჹ‫دܭ‬೽ߐёૈ೷ԋ‫ޑ‬໾্Ǵӵᏹ௓঩πউ౛аϷம ॐ౦ρ‫ےׯ‬฻ୢᚒǴࠅ໻ԖϿኧЎ᝘ϒа҅ຎǶԶ඘ፏࡹ‫ݯ‬ўǴคፕӧࡹ ‫ݯ‬ণᏢ‫ࡹޣ܈‬฼୺Չय़Ǵচҁᡫ‫ޑ܄‬ሽॶߡࢂ‫ת‬ᄽख़ा‫ف‬Յ‫ޑ‬ǴӢԜ߻ॊ ᏹ௓ᡫ‫܄‬ᆶ‫ޑےׯ‬ୢᚒǴ཮٬Ў‫۔‬ӧ୺Չࢌ٤ၰቺࡹ฼ਔǴౢғ‫׳‬ᝄख़‫ޑ‬ ୋբҔǴฅԶǴ࣬ᜢᏢೌ᝼ᚒӧၸ۳Ȩࡹ௲ϩᚆȩ໺಍ΠǴᒧ᏷ᗉԶό ፋǶ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ᆶၸ۳ࣴ‫ز‬όӕ‫ޣ‬Ǵନஒᔠ᎙ᡫ‫҅܄‬ӛਏҔЎ᝘ѦǴΨ‫س‬಍‫܄‬ ᏾౛ᡫ‫ॄ܄‬ӛୢᚒϐЎ᝘Ǵ٠Ъஒࣴ‫ز‬ჹຝҗ‫د‬೽ߐᙍ঩ᙯ౽ࣁࡹ۬Ў ‫۔‬Ǵ٠ஒၸ۳җঁਢࣴ‫܌ز‬ளр‫ॄޑ‬ӛউ౛ՉࣁፕॊǴаໆϯࣴ‫ز‬຾Չᡍ ᛾ǴനࡕǴࣴ‫่݀ز‬ஒᇥܴᡫ‫܄‬ჹЎ‫۔‬ಔᙃՉࣁౢғ‫ޑ‬ፄᚇ‫ٿ‬य़‫܄‬ᜢ߯Ƕ [ᜢᗖຒ]Ǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ǵಔᙃ‫܍‬ᒍǵπբᅈཀࡋǵউ౛،฼ǵঁΓᡫ‫܄‬. ‫׫‬ዺВයǺ103 ԃ 8 Д 11 Вǹௗ‫ڙ‬тฦВයǺ103 ԃ 12 Д 15 ВǶ. **. բ‫ߚޣ‬தགᖴ‫ٿ‬Տ୓ӜቩࢗΓ‫܌‬ග‫ޑٮ‬ᝊ຦ቩࢗཀ‫ـ‬ǴோЎೢϝҗբ‫ޣ‬ԾॄǶբ‫ޣ‬ӕਔ གᖴࣽ‫מ‬೽ӧҁࣴ‫ز‬ਢ࿶຤΢‫ံޑ‬շȐጓဦǺMOST 103-2010-H-024-001ȑǶ ֆ‫ے‬Ꮶࣁ୯ҥᆵࠄεᏢՉࡹᆅ౛‫س‬ୋ௲௤Ǵe-mail: [email protected]Ƕ Ʉ73Ʉ.

(2) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ൧ȃࠊّ 役⸜Ἦ炻大㕡℔⎠䳬䷼徸㻠冰崟Ḯᶨ偉㕘䘬ˬ℠䭬˭炻䧙䁢ˬ曰⿏忳≽˭炻䳬 ䷼⇣シ⻟⊾借⟜曰⿏䘬朊⎹炻⊭㊔徥㯪シ佑ˣ䚖䘬ˣ䣦佌倗䳸ˣ䯉╖䓇㳣ˣ冯崭冒䃞䘬倗专䫱炷Marques, Dhiman, & King, 2007炸炻侴㓧⹄ἄ䁢䳬䷼栆✳ᷳᶨ炻冒䃞 ḇ⏡忚Ḯ忁偉曰⿏忳≽桐㼖炻楔劙ḅ䷥䴙㚦⛐ 2009 ⸜⃫㖎℔攳堐䣢炻ⶴ㛃➡梲㭷 ỵ℔⊁⒉℟㚱奨ᶾ枛厑啑ˬ倆倚㓹劎˭䘬ヰず⽫炻᷎⮯㬌䱦䤆㓦忚㔯⭀侫㟠㊯㧁炷Ⓒἑ⏃炻2009炸炻⎬悐攨ḇ攳⥳⛐妻䶜ᷕ⺽忚ˬ曰⿏ㆸ攟婚䦳˭炻⊭㊔墄≑⍫冯 ἃ⬠婚䦳炷Butler, 2011炸ˤ 䚠庫㕤䥩悐攨⬠埻冯⮎⊁ᶲ徸㻠䘤⯽崟Ἦ䘬䳬䷼曰⿏忳≽炻℔ℙ埴㓧䞼䨞⌣ᶵ ⣂夳炻℞⍇⚈㚱Ḵ炻⽆䳸㥳䘬奺⹎Ἦ婒炻℔ℙ埴㓧⍇㛔ὧ⇣シ⻟婧ˬ㓰䌯䎮⿏˭ 奨炻ἧ⼿ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬嬘柴炻ㅱ娚炷⍲ḳ⮎ᶲ炸⤪ỽ⼙枧㔯⭀➟埴㓧䫾䘬妶婾炻ὧㆸ 䁢ᶨᾳ㴰⣙⛐℔ℙ埴㓧⬠埻ᷕ䘬嬘柴炷Bruce, 2000: 464; Houston, Freeman, & Feldman, 2008炸ˤ Ữ㍮媠䎦⮎炻役⸜⚈曰⿏ᾉẘ忈ㆸ䘬ΐ䎮䇕嬘᷎ᶵ⮹夳炻ἳ⤪烉℔ˣ䥩悐攨 ᷕ炻姙⣂Ṣ悥㚱塓䳬䷼炷ㆾᷣ䭉ˣ⎴ḳ炸⋲⻟従⒉ⶍ⍫≈⽫曰ㆸ攟婚䦳䘬屈朊䴻槿炻䓂军㚱曰⿏䳬䷼ˬ㖍㚰㖶≇˭⚈㬌䘤䓇嗸⼭⍲农␥䘬㱽⼳ḳẞ炷喳㝄㖍⟙炻 2013炸炻䃞侴炻⌛ὧ曰⿏嬘柴⶚䃞⼙枧℔ℙ埴㓧䘬䘤⯽炻⚳ℏ䚠斄䞼䨞⌣ṵ⌈⮹ 㔠炻䚖⇵ㆹ㓧⹄⛐℔⊁Ṣ⒉䭉䎮㨇⇞䔞ᷕ炻ḇ㛒⮵㔯⭀䘬曰⿏ᾖ埴䫱忚埴夷䭬炻㛒 Ἦ劍㫚⮵㬌嬘柴㍸↢㓧䫾⺢嬘炻⽭䃞暨天曰⿏ᾉẘ⼙枧㔯⭀埴䁢䘬⮎嫱䞼䨞炻忁ὧ ⼊ㆸ㛔䞼䨞䘬≽㨇ᷳᶨˤ ⛐⮎⊁䘬⚘⠫ᷳᶳ炻⏦Ṣ忚ᶨ㬍㩊教⬠埻婾㔯ᷕ曰⿏⚈䳈⮵䳬䷼埴䁢䘬⼙枧炻崓䃞䘤䎦㬋⍵⬴ℐ⮵䩳䘬ℑ䧖䞼䨞䳸婾ˤ㬋朊䞼䨞婯⇘炻德忶借⟜曰⿏䘬➡梲炻⎗ ⺽䘤⒉ⶍ㬋⎹䳬䷼埴䁢炻ẍⷞἮ℔⎠㓰䙲炷Guillory, 2001: 40; Gasparski, 2004: 126炸炻⚈㬌劙䈡䇦ˣ⎗⎋⎗㦪ˣ㲊枛⍲大䇦㕗䫱⣏℔⎠炻悥⶚⮯ˬ曰⿏˭䲵ℍ借 ⟜ⶍἄˣ䫾䔍⍲㔯⊾䘬ᶨ悐↮炷Karakas, 2010: 90炸炻㓭㓧⹄劍傥⻟⊾㔯⭀䘬曰⿏炻⮯㚱≑㕤℔ℙḳ⊁䘬㍐≽炷㛶ὲ忼ˣ湫㛅䚇炻2010炸ˤỮḇ㚱屈朊䞼䨞娵䁢炻䥩悐攨劍㾓䓐借⟜曰⿏炻⎗傥忈ㆸˬ⣙㍏㬋朊⿅侫˭炻⡻㈹㮹ᷣ䱦䤆炻䃉夾㕤䳬䷼ ᷕ㝸ṃㆸ⒉㇨怕⍿䘬ᶵ℔⸛嗽⠫炷Ehrenreich, 2010炸炻侴℔悐攨⽭枰㚜㍸旚栆Ụ⓷ 柴炻ᶨ㕡朊㗗⚈䁢⽆ḳ℔ℙḳ⊁炷⊭㊔㈽䤐ˣ冒栀㚵⊁炸庫䥩悐攨㚜⭡㖻⏠⺽⇘℟. Ʉ74Ʉ.

(3) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. 曰⿏䘬借⒉炻℞㰢䫾Ṏⷠ冯㰢䫾侭䘬ᾉẘ〗〗䚠斄炷Dionne, Elshtain, & Drogosz, 2004; Lam, 2002; Putnam, 2000炸炻⎎㕡朊⇯㗗㔯⭀ㇳᷕ㌴㚱㪲≃炻劍℔悐攨⭀⒉冒娵䁢ˬ忻⽟˭⛘ˬ德忶㓧⹄≃慷炻⮯冒幓䘬₡ῤ奨⻟≈⇘℞ṾṢ幓ᶲ˭炷Meier, 1994: 4-8炸炻ὧ巘崲Ḯ㮹ᷣ⇞⹎ᷕ℔㮹㌰Ḱ㪲旸䘬䓴䶂炻䓊䓇ˬ⎎栆ẋ䎮Ṣ⓷柴˭ 炷⏛⬿ㅚ炻2012炸ˤ㗗㓭炻㛔䞼䨞≽㨇ᷳḴ炻ὧ㗗德忶⮎嫱䞼䨞炻慸㶭ỽ䧖䉨㱩ᶳ ˬ曰⿏˭⮵㔯⭀䳬䷼埴䁢䓊䓇㬋朊⼙枧炻ỽ㗪䘤䓇屈朊⼙枧ˤ 㬌⢾炻晾⽆ᶲᶾ䲨㛓炻⊿伶ὧ攳⥳㚱⬠侭妶婾崟借⟜曰⿏嬘柴炷Ashmos & Duchon, 2000; Cavanagh, 1999; Giacalone & Jurkiewicz, 2003a炸ˤ䃞侴炻晾䃞㴱⍲借 ⟜曰⿏䘬⮎⊁冯䞼䨞ᶵ㕟⡆≈炻Ữ℞ἄ䁢䥹⬠䞼䨞䘬⎰㱽⿏⌣⯂㛒䡢䩳炷Giacalone & Jurkiewicz, 2003a; Giacalone, Jurkiewicz, & Fray, 2005炸炻⊭㊔⛐㤪⾝ˣ⭂佑ẍ⍲ 堉慷㕡㱽ᶲ悥怬⬀⛐䇕嬘炷Ashmos & Duchon, 2000; Giacalone & Jurkiewicz, 2003a; Hicks, 2003炸炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞ⶴ㛃傥⛐慸㶭曰⿏㇨ⷞἮ䘬㬋ˣ⍵㓰㝄䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻德忶 ⮎嫱䞼䨞姕妰炻▿娎⿏⛘慸㶭曰⿏䳬䷼䞼䨞ᷕ䘬㝸ṃ㕡㱽婾䇕嬘炻㬌䁢䞼䨞≽㨇ᷳ ᶱˤ 侴䁢慸㶭⇵徘借⟜曰⿏⮵㕤㔯⭀䳬䷼埴䁢䘬⼙枧炻䫮侭ᷫ憅⮵冢⊿ⶪ㓧⹄屈屔 ⋨ˣ㇞㓧䘬➢Ⰼ㔯⭀炻忚埴Ḯ慷⊾䘬⮎嫱䞼䨞ˤ䞼䨞䳸㝄䘤䎦炻㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏⛐℞ ᷕ㈖㺼Ḯᷕṳ嬲枭䘬ἄ䓐炻ἧ⼿借⟜曰⿏⮵㕤㔯⭀埴䁢䘬⼙枧炻⏰䎦㬋⍵ℑ朊䘬䳸㝄ˤᶨ㕡朊炻劍借⟜曰⿏傥⺽崟㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬㍸⋯炻⇯⮯ἧ⼿㔯⭀䓊䓇檀ΐ䎮㰢䫾埴䁢炻忁⯙栆Ụ⇵徘ˬ倆倚㓹劎˭䘬㬋⎹埴䁢炻Ữ㬌㗪㚫旵Ỷ㷈䫱䘬䳬䷼㈧媦烊 ⛐⎎㕡朊炻劍借⟜曰⿏䃉㱽⺽崟㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬㍸⋯炻⇯㚫䓊䓇Ỷΐ䎮㰢䫾䘬埴䁢炻Ữ⎴㗪Ṏ䘤䎦㬌㗪䳬䷼㈧媦⌣シ⢾⛘ᶵ㷃⍵⋯炻侴忁⯙⎗傥⯙㗗⇵徘ˬ㾓䓐曰⿏˭屈朊埴䁢䘬Ἦ㸸ˤ忁ᾳ䘤䎦炻ὧ㗗㛔䞼䨞㚨慵天䘬届䌣ˤ ẍᶳ䫔ᶨ悐↮⮯ṳ䳡ˬ曰⿏˭⛐℔ℙ埴㓧䞼䨞䔞ᷕ䘬㬋䔞⿏婾嫱炻䫔Ḵ悐ấ⇯ 㗗㔜䎮℔ℙ埴㓧ᷕ㴱⍲ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭ˣˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬䚠斄䞼䨞炻㍍临叿䫔ᶱ悐↮ 䘬䞼䨞姕妰炻㍸↢㛔䞼䨞㇨㫚㩊⭂䘬⎬ᾳ`姕炻㇨䘤䎦䘬䳸㝄⮯ℵ䫔⚃悐↮忚埴妶婾炻㚨⼴⛐䫔Ḽ悐↮炻㛔䞼䨞⮯㍸↢䞼䨞䘤䎦ˣ㓧䫾⺢嬘炻᷎↮㜸㛒Ἦ䘬䞼䨞㕡 ⎹ˤ. Ʉ75Ʉ.

(4) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ະȃНᝧᔯᎨ Κȃᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᇅঐ΢᡺‫ܓ‬ġ 㛔㔯㇨⭂佑䘬借⟜曰⿏炷workplace spirituality炸䁢ˬ㝸䧖ⶍἄ借⟜䘬㯃⚵炻傥 ἧ借⒉䓊䓇ⶍἄ䘬シ佑ˣ␴䳬䷼圵䁢ᶨ橼䘬デ≽炻᷎䘤䎦䓇␥䘬䳪㤝₡ῤ˭炻忁ᾳ ⭂佑䈡⇍`⭂借⟜㚱℞䌐䈡䘬曰⿏㯃⚵炻⚈侴傥⣈德忶䓙ᶲ⼨ᶳ䘬㕡⺷⁛怆䴎䳬䷼ ㆸ⒉ˤ冯ᷳ䚠⮵䘬炻⇯㗗ᾳṢ德忶冒ㆹ崭崲侴⼿Ἦ䘬ᾳṢ曰⿏炻⬫㗗ˬᶨ䧖冒ㆹℏ ⛐冯军檀侭ˣ冒䃞叔䈑ˣ䓂军崭崲冒ㆹᷳ怈⣏䚖㧁ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ˭炻侴忁䧖冒䘤䘬ᾳ Ṣ曰⿏炻⇯㚫䓙ᶳ⼨ᶲ⛘⼙枧⇘䳬䷼䘬忳ἄ炻ℑ侭ᷳ攻ⷠ⏰䎦⮵䩳ᶼḺ墄䘬斄Ὢˤ 军㕤㛔㔯䁢ỽ⤪㬌⭂佑炻ℑᾳ㤪⾝㚜䳘䶣䘬㵝佑炻ẍ⍲⬠埻䓴䘬彗嫱炻嫡忚ᶨ㬍婒㖶⤪ᶳ烉. ȞΚȟᙜൠ᡺‫ޠܓ‬ϲోġ 役⸜炻借⟜曰⿏䘬⭂佑⯂⛐⼊ㆸℙ嬀ᷕ炷Huston, 2000; Rubenstein, 1987炸ˤ⛐ 䫮侭㩊教ᶵ⎴㔯䌣ᷳ⼴炻䲬䔍㬠䲵↢ℑ䧖ᶵ⎴䘬⭂佑䫾䔍ˤ䫔ᶨ䧖䫾䔍㗗⮯ˬ借⟜ 曰⿏˭夾䁢ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭⛐借⟜ᶲ䘬冒䃞⯽䎦炻ἳ⤪烉Geroy炷2005炸娵䁢曰⿏㗗冒⸤⯙攳⥳䘤⯽䘬炻ᷳ⼴≈ẍ⺞Ỡ⯙嬲ㆸ借⟜曰⿏炻⚈㬌ᶨᾳ℟㚱曰⿏䘬Ṣ⛐忚ℍ 借⟜ᷳ⇵㚫ᷣ≽䧵㤝娊⓷媠⤪ẍᶳ䘬ᶨṃ⓷柴炻⊭㊔烉㬌ⶍἄ傥⏎㍸⋯Ṣ栆曰⿏烎㬌ⶍἄ㗗⏎傥堐䎦ㆹ䘬曰⿏烎ㆹ䘬曰⿏㗗⏎傥⣈⍿⇘䳬䷼⮲慵烎Ƀ䫱炷GarciaZamor, 2003: 360炸ˤ 䚠⮵䘬炻⮵㕤ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭䘬䫔Ḵ䧖⭂佑䫾䔍炻⇯㗗⮯慵⽫㒢⛐℞≇傥炻ⶴ㛃啱䓙借⟜曰⿏炻傥⣈⍾ẋ奒⍳ˣ惘⯭ㆾ㔁㚫䘬奺刚炻ㆸ䁢ᾖ䃱曰⿏䘬忻⟜ 炷Ashmos & Duchon, 2000炸炻傥⣈⛐媨䓇ᷳ⢾炻䘤㎖冒ㆹ㼃傥炻䘤奢ῤ⼿ᾳṢ届䌣䘬ねデ冯デ≽炷Mitroff, 2003炸⍲䓇␥䘬䳪㤝₡ῤ炷Milliman, Czaplewski, & Ferguson, 2003炸炻⚈㬌炻䳬䷼⎗ẍᷣ≽德忶⎬䧖㕡㱽炻Ἦ㍸⋯⒉ⶍ䘬曰⿏炻媠⤪ 俾䴻ˣ⎌嗕䴻ˣ冲䲬⼳㱽嬨㚠㚫ˣ冒栀䣰䥙⛀ˣⶖ䔘ᾉẘ⮵娙⛀橼ˣ⍵⿅㚫ˣ⅍゛䶜佺ˣ⁽Ṣ柀⮶㕡㟰䫱炻忶⍣悥㚦塓ἧ䓐炷Karakas, 2010: 90炸ˤ 侴䁢ἧ⼿借⟜曰⿏傥⣈Ḱẍ⮎嫱䞼䨞炻劍⸚⬠侭㚦⮯ᶲ徘⭂佑㑵ἄ⊾䁢⎗㷔慷䘬慷堐炻⤪ Houston 冯 Cartwright炷2007炸德忶ˬ崭槿⬀⛐䘬ᾉẘ˭ˣˬッ冯⎴ね⽫˭ˣˬḺ岜忋䳸˭ˣˬ䓇␥䘬シ佑˭䫱 4 ᾳ㥳朊䘤⯽↢ 7 忻柴䚖烊侴 Duchon 冯 Ʉ76Ʉ.

(5) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. Plowman炷2005炸⮯ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭⋨↮䁢ˬℏ⛐䓇␥˭ˣˬ㚱シ佑䘬ⶍἄ˭ẍ⍲ ˬ䣦佌˭䫱 3 ᾳ朊⎹炻䘤⯽↢ 21 忻柴䚖ˤ ⏦Ṣ劍Ṽ䳘↮㜸忁ṃ慷堐炻ᶵ暋䘤䎦 Houston 冯 Cartwright炷2007炸㇨姕妰䘬 4 ᾳ朊⎹炷ℙ 7 ᾳ柴䚖炸炻ẍ⍲ Duchon 冯 Plowman炷2005炸⓷⌟ᷕ䘬ˬℏ⛐䓇 ␥˭朊⎹ 5 ᾳ柴䚖炻悥㗗䓐ἮḮ妋ᾳṢ䘬ᾉẘ⻟⹎炻᷎朆ˬ䳬䷼≇傥˭䘬柴枭炻⍵ ᷳ炻Duchon 冯 Plowman炷2005炸⓷⌟ᷕ䘬ˬ㚱シ佑䘬ⶍἄ˭ẍ⍲ˬ䣦佌˭2 ᾳ朊 ⎹ℙ 16 忻柴䚖炻⇯⎗䓐Ἦ㷔慷ᾳṢ㇨デ⍿⇘䘬ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭ˤ忁ḇ⯙㗗婒炻忶⍣ 䘬⬠侭⛐⭂佑ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭㗪炻℞⮎ⷠ㶟䓐Ḯ䓙ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭↢䘤冯䓙ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭↢䘤䘬ℑ䳬⭂佑䫾䔍ˤ 䃞侴炻Milliman et al.炷2003: 427炸㚦婯⇘炻忁㧋䘬㶟䓐㚫⮶农ℑ枭⚘⠫炻椾 ⃰炻忁㧋䘬ἄ㱽⮯䃉㱽㚱㓰⋨⇍䳬䷼曰⿏⮎晃ᶲ⮵㕤借⒉ᾳṢ曰⿏䓊䓇䘬⼙枧烊℞ 㫉炻䓙㕤ᾳṢ曰⿏㚱崭崲䘬⿏岒炻忁㧋䘬㬋⎹⿏岒劍冯借⟜曰⿏㶟䓐炻㚫ἧ⼿借⟜ 曰⿏䘬屈朊㓰㝄塓㍑味崟Ἦˤ⚈㬌炻䓙㕤㛔䞼䨞㇨㫚Ḯ妋侭炻Ὢˬ借⟜曰⿏˭䁢䳬 ䷼埴䁢ⷞἮ䘬㬋∗ἄ䓐炻ẍ⍲㔯⭀ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭⛐℞ᷕ㇨㈖㺼䘬ᷕṳ奺刚炻⚈㬌炻⽭枰⮯ℑ㤪⾝忚埴㖶䡢䘬⋨↮ˤ ḇ⚈㬌炻䫮侭⛐㛔䞼䨞ᷕ䘬ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭炻⻟婧䘬㗗䳬䷼≇傥朊䘬⭂佑炻⭂佑䁢ˬ㝸䧖ⶍἄ借⟜䘬㯃⚵炻傥ἧ借⒉䓊䓇ⶍἄ䘬シ佑ˣ␴䳬䷼圵䁢ᶨ橼䘬デ≽炻᷎ 䘤䎦䓇␥䘬䳪㤝₡ῤ˭炻军㕤℞㚜䳘䶣䘬ℏ㵝炻⇯⍫侫 Milliman et al.炷2003炸䘬 ᶱ↮㱽烉ˬ㚱シ佑䘬ⶍἄ˭ˣˬ佌橼デ˭⍲ˬ₡ῤ䘬ᶨ农⿏˭炻慵溆⛐⻟婧䳬䷼⮵ ᾳṢデ⍿䓊䓇䘬⼙枧炻㌺昌ḮᾳṢἄ䁢ᷣ橼侴䓊䓇崭崲⿏ᾉẘ䘬Ⰼ朊ˤ. ȞΡȟঐ΢᡺‫ޠܓ‬ϲోġ ⛐ᾳṢ曰⿏㕡朊炻㟡㒂 Karakas炷2010: 91炸䘬䞼䨞炻䳬䷼䞼䨞ᷕ斄㕤ˬ曰⿏˭ 䘬⭂佑ὧ檀忼ᶫ⋩⸦䧖炻Ữ军Ṳ㛒傥㚱⍾⼿ℙ嬀䘬⭂佑炻⚈侴ḇ㗗⃭㺧Ḯ⭂佑㶟㵮炷definitional muss炸炷Garcia-Zamor, 2003: 355炸ˤLaabs炷1995炸ὧデ▮忻烉ˬ曰⿏䘬㤪⾝炻晾䃞䱦䶣ˣ伶渿Ữ墯暄暋彐炻⁷⣑ἧᶨ㧋暋ẍ㋽㋱˭ˤ 侴⛐⭂佑ᾳṢ曰⿏㗪炻㚨ⷠ䓊䓇彗婾䘬炻ὧ㗗℞冯⬿㔁ᾉẘ攻䘬斄Ὢˤ㇨⸠炻役Ἦ⬠䓴⶚徸㻠⼊ㆸℙ嬀炻ᶨ凔娵䁢炻⛐ 1950 ⸜ẋ炻⬿㔁䳬䷼䔞ᷕ䘬㔁佑⍲⇞ ⹎炻䘬䡢㹳梲ḮᾳṢ曰⿏炻ℑ侭⎗夾䁢⎰ᶨ炻Ữ㗗 1960 ⸜ẋᷳ⼴炻ˬ⭂㕤ᶨ嗽䘬曰⿏˭奨炻徸㻠嬻ỵ䴎ˬ嬲≽⿏䘬曰⿏˭奨炻䓂军㕤⇘Ḯ 1970 ⸜ẋᷳ⼴炻㚜冰崟 Ḯᶨ偉ˬ⮎⊁⮶⎹䘬曰⿏˭奨溆炷Wuthnow, 1998炸炻曰⿏⽆⬿㔁ˣ䳬䷼⿏ˣ㖶䡢㔁佑夷䭬⮶⎹炻廱⎹䁢䃉⼊ˣᾳṢ炻ᷣ奨娵䞍⍾⎹炻⚈㬌炻ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬㵝佑⮯㭼⬿ Ʉ77Ʉ.

(6) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 㔁Ἦ⼿⺋敲炻⇵侭Ⱄ㕤Ṣ䘬ℏ⛐㛔岒炻℞娵⎴䘬₡ῤ⎗ẍ㗗὿ᶾ䘬炻侴⬿㔁ᾉẘ炻 ⇯㗗忁ṃᾳṢ曰⿏䘬℞ᷕᶨᾳ朊⎹侴⶚炷Pargament & Mahoney, 2003: 649; King, 2007炸ˤ 侴㛔䞼䨞⮯㍉⍾㘂役䘬ἄ㱽炻⮯⬿㔁冯曰⿏㤪⾝≈ẍ⋨↮炻娵䁢⬿㔁㚜慵夾䈡 ⇍䘬㔁佑⍲䳬䷼炻䚠⮵⛘炻曰⿏⇯㚜䁢崭崲冯⮔⺋⊭⭡炻⚈㬌炻㝸Ṣ⎗ẍ䚠ᾉᶾ䓴 ᶲ⬀⛐叿忈䈑ᷣ炻ỮṾ⌣ᶵⰔ㕤ảỽᶨᾳ㔁㳦炷Bruce, 2000: 462炸ˤ ⤪㬌ᶨἮ炻曰⿏⭂佑䘬慵溆炻ᶵℵ冯✳⺷⊾䘬⬿㔁䚠斄炻Ữ℞㚜慵天䘬䱦䤆⯙ 㗗ˬ冒ㆹ崭崲˭冯ˬ冒ㆹ⍵䚩˭炷Lowery, 2005炸ˤ⛐忁㧋䘬⇵㍸ᶳ炻ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬㤪⾝ὧ傥徸㻠㶭㘘炻Fabry炷1980炸ὧᷣ⻝炻曰⿏㗗⮳㯪䓇␥シ佑䘬シ⽿ˣ䚖㧁⍾ ⎹ˣ∝忈≃Ƀ䓐Ṣ栆㇨Ⱄ䘬䈡岒炻冒ㆹ崭崲ㆾ斄⽫ㆹᾹ㇨ッ䘬Ṣ⍲ᾉ⾝䚠斄䘬⓷ 柴烊㜿䪹炷2000炸⇯㍸⇘炻曰⿏㗗ᾳṢ⛐Ṣ䓇忶䦳ᷕ冒ㆹ崭崲傥≃䘬堐䎦炻ᾳṢ德忶冒ㆹˣṾㆹˣ䤆ㆹᶱ䧖斄Ὢ炻ẍ冒ㆹ崭崲䘬⼊⺷炻橼㚫⇘Ṣ䓇シ佑冯₡ῤ䘬忶䦳ˤ ḇ⚈䁢⛐忁䧖冒ㆹ崭崲䘬䱦䤆ᷳᶳ炻冒䃞ἧ⼿ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭㇨徥㯪ᷳˬℏ ⭡˭炻ᶵℵ⁭⭂㕤ᶨ⮲炷⤪⬿㔁ᾉẘ炸炻侴傥ㆸ䁢⣂⃫₡ῤ䘬徥㯪炻ˬ曰⿏⊭㊔Ḯ ⶴ㛃ˣᾉẘˣᾉ⾝ˣ⬿㔁₡ῤ奨˭炷㜄㖶⊛炻2003炸炻⎒天傥冒ㆹ崭崲䘬₡ῤ炻⊭ ㊔ᶾ὿⛘Ὣ忚䣦㚫忚㬍ˣㆾ侭冯⣏冒䃞␴媏ℙ嗽炻ᷫ军㕤ᾉẘ崭冒䃞≃慷炻悥Ⱄᾳ Ṣ曰⿏䘬ᶨ悐↮ˤ 㒂㬌炻㛔䞼䨞⮵ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬⭂佑炻⮯㈧多ᶲ徘䱦䤆炻㍉⍾ Ross炷1997炸䘬⭂佑烉ˬ曰⿏㗗ᶨ䧖冒ㆹℏ⛐冯军檀侭ˣ冒䃞叔䈑ˣ䓂军崭崲冒ㆹᷳ怈⣏䚖㧁ᷳ 攻䘬斄Ὢ˭ˤ. Ρȃ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈಣᙒ՘࣐‫ޠ‬ҔӪਞ‫ݏ‬ġ 曰⿏⮵㕤䳬䷼傥䓊䓇䘬㬋⎹㓰㝄炻ᶨ䚜悥㗗㍸Έ借⟜曰⿏㍒㕥侭㇨⻟婧䘬慵溆炻⚈侴䳬䷼䞼䨞ᷕ炻᷎ᶵ᷷曰⿏冯㬋⎹䳬䷼埴䁢䘬䚠斄㔯䌣炻℞ᷕ姙⣂怬㗗䴻忶 ⮎嫱槿嫱䘬䞼䨞ˤẍᶳ炻䁢傥䲣䴙⊾ṳ䳡忁ṃ䞼䨞䘬ㆸ㝄炻⮯㍉⍾ Long 冯 Mills 炷2010炸䘬↮栆炻⮯曰⿏⮵䳬䷼埴䁢䘬ἄ䓐↮䁢ˬ㓰䓐炷utility炸˭ẍ⍲ˬシ佑炷sense-making炸˭ℑᾳ朊⎹忚埴婒㖶ˤ. ȞΚȟ᡺‫ܓ‬Ӷȶਞңȷ८Ӫα౱Ң‫ޠ‬ҔӪಣᙒ՘࣐ġ 曰⿏⮵㕤䳬䷼埴䁢䓊䓇䘬㓰䓐炻⎗ℵ䳘↮䁢⮵䳬䷼ℏ悐ㆸ⒉䘬㓰䓐炻ẍ⍲⮵䳬. Ʉ78Ʉ.

(7) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. ䷼⍲℞㚵⊁⮵尉䘬㓰䓐ˤ⛐⮵䳬䷼ℏ悐ㆸ⒉䘬㓰䓐ᶲ炻䞼䨞䘤䎦烉曰⿏⎗ẍ旵Ỷ⒉ ⶍ䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃炷Edward, 2005; Faver, 2004; Wasner, Longaker, Fegg & Borasio, 2005炸炻⡆≈⒉ⶍ䘬ⶍἄ㺧シ炷Wasner et al., 2005炸炻Ṏ⎗⡆≈䳬䷼ㆸ⒉嗽䎮墯暄 ḳ⊁䘬㉥尉傥≃炷㤪⾝㈨傥炸炻Ữ⌣䃉㱽㍸⋯ㆸ⒉䘬㈨埻㈨傥炷㛶ὲ忼ˣ湫㛅䚇炻 2010烉214炸烊侴⛐⮵䳬䷼⍲℞㚵⊁⮵尉䘬㓰䓐ᶲ炻䞼䨞ḇ䘤䎦烉曰⿏䑘⠫⍲⒉ⶍ ⎗ẍ旵Ỷ暊借䌯炷Conlin, 1999炸ˣ㍸⋯ⶍἄ堐䎦炷Garcia-Zamor, 2003: 360炸ˣ⡆ ≈䓇䓊≃炷Fry, 2005; Garcia-Zamor, 2003; Giacalone & Jurkiewicz, 2003a, 2003b; Giacalone et al., 2005炸ˣ⡆忚䷦㓰炷Bell & Talyor, 2003; Benefiel, 2005; Fry, 2005; Giacalone & Jurkiewicz, 2003a烊㛶ὲ忼ˣ湫㛅䚇炻2010烉214炸炻⡆忚䣦䤷ㆾ慓䗪䄏嬟㨇㥳㚵⊁⮵尉䘬㺧シ⹎炷Dane & Moore, 2005; Grant, 2004炸ˤ. ȞΡȟ᡺‫ܓ‬Ӷȶཏဏȷ८Ӫα౱Ң‫ޠ‬ҔӪಣᙒ՘࣐ġ 䎦ẋ屯㛔ᷣ佑䣦㚫䔞ᷕ炻䵲㷲䷩䐋䘬ⶍἄ屈匟炻ᶵ㕟⡆≈ⶍἄ㗪㔠ˣ⶚䴻⡻䷖ Ḯ⭞⹕䓇㳣炻埵䓇䘬䓇䎮⍲䱦䤆䕦䕭炻Gull 冯 Doh炷2004炸⯙ẍˬ仢᷷㶙⹎䘬ᶾ 䓴˭Ἦ䧙␤忁䧖屯㛔ᷣ佑忶⹎䘤⯽䘬䣦㚫炻侴忁㧋䘬䘤⯽℞⮎⶚䴻䓊䓇Ḯ⍵㓰㝄炻姙⣂屈⎹䘬䳬䷼埴䁢炻⤪嘃‥ˣ㔟埵ˣΐ䎮慄倆ˣ℔⎠䉗伒ˣら⿏塩⒉ˣ⿸⾾ḳ ẞˣⶪ⟜⣙曰ˣ屉⊁⌙㨇䫱ᶵ㕟䘤䓇炷Karakas, 2010: 93炸炻忁䧖檀⹎⮰㤕⊾⼊ㆸ 䘬⽫䎮ㆾΐ䎮∗ἄ䓐炻⌣ᶵ塓䳬䷼㇨慵夾炻嬲ㆸᶨ䧖ˬ塓㬋䔞⊾䘬䱦䤆↮塪䕯˭ 炷legitinized schizophrenia炸炷Neal, 2000炸ˤ ➢㕤㬌炻姙⣂䞼䨞侭娵䁢炻德忶曰⿏䘬斄㲐炻⎗ẍ⛐借⟜ᷕ㍸ὃ㬋⎹₡ῤ冯シ佑デ炻⃳㚵忁ṃ₡ῤ屏᷷ˣ忽側ΐ䎮䘬埴䁢ˤ侴⛐シ佑朊⎹ᶲ䘬㬋≇傥炻⸦ỵ⬠侭 ⮯ᷳ䓙Ỷ侴檀↮䁢ᶱⰌ㫉䘬妶婾炷Benefiel, 2005; King, 2007: 108; Karakas, 2010: 98炸炻ẍᶳ⮯ὅ Karakas炷2009: 98炸䘬↮栆炻䓙Ỷ侴檀ὅ㒂Ṣ≃屯㸸䭉䎮奨溆ˣṢ 晃Ḻ≽奨溆⍲⒚⬠奨溆忚埴婒㖶ˤ 2/!΢Ωၦྜᆔ౪ᢏᘉ! 㬌栆䞼䨞⽆ᾳṢ䘬奺⹎↢䘤炻䘤䎦烉⤪㝄ᾳṢㆾ䳬䷼℟㚱曰⿏炻傥⣈䨑⭂⒉ⶍ ᾳṢね䵺炷Heaton, Schmidt-Wilk, & Travis, 2004炸炻ἧ⒉ⶍ⮵⎬䧖⎗傥⿏㉙㊩攳㓦ン⹎炻ḇ傥⣈䓊䓇䱦䤆ᶲ䘬㓗㊩≃慷炻⯌℞㗗⁷䣦㚫ⶍἄ侭忁ṃ䈡⇍暨天⽫䎮傥慷䘬ⶍἄ炷Canda & Furman, 1999; Faver, 2004炸ˤ 3/!΢ርϤ୞ᢏᘉ! 㬌栆䞼䨞⇯⽆Ṣ晃䚠嗽䘬奺⹎↢䘤炻䘤䎦烉⤪㝄ᾳṢㆾ䳬䷼℟㚱曰⿏炻⇯⎗ẍ. Ʉ79Ʉ.

(8) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ⡆忚Ṣ晃攻䘬㈨傥炷㛶ὲ忼ˣ湫㛅䚇炻2010烉214炸炻⛐冯⎴ḳ攻䚠嗽㗪㚜℟㚱⻰⿏䨢攻炷Harrington, Preziosi, & Gooden. 2001; Wasner et al., 2005炸炻⚈侴傥Ὣ忚⎴ ₂攻䘬ケ〭斄Ὢ炷Garcia-Zamor, 2003: 360炸ˤ 4/!লᏱᢏᘉ! 㬌栆䞼䨞⇯㗗⽆䳬䷼㛔幓䘬₡ῤデ↢䘤炻䘤䎦烉曰⿏ᾳṢ㚫⮵䳬䷼䓊䓇檀⹎シ佑デ炷Vaill, 1998炸炻ἧᾳṢ䘬䓇␥德忶䳬䷼侴䓊䓇シ佑炻⚈㬌炻⡆≈⒉ⶍ⮵㕤䳬 ䷼䘬㈧媦冯⎹⽫≃炷Dehler & Welsh, 1994; Heaton et al., 2004; Pfeffer, 2003炸ˣ佑⊁ デ冯⾈婈炷Rego & Cunha, 2008炸⚈侴⮵䳬䷼⃭㺧㬋⎹傥慷䘬ⶍἄン⹎炷Conger, 1994炸ˤ ᶲ徘䞼䨞ᷫ㗗⽆ˬ㓰䓐˭⍲ˬシ佑˭ℑᾳ朊⎹婒㖶曰⿏⎗傥䘬㬋⎹㓰䓐炻侴䁢 Ḯ㚜㶭㘘⛘婒㖶忁ṃ㓰䓐䘬䚠Ḻ斄Ὢ炻⎎⢾㚱⸦ỵ⬠侭炻⇯德忶ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬婧䭨↮㜸曰⿏䓊䓇䘬㬋⎹䳬䷼埴䁢ˤ㷈䫱䘤䎦劍⛐借⟜曰⿏⮵ⶍἄ㺧シˣⶍἄ㴱ℍ⍲ 䳬䷼㈧媦䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢ➢䢶ᶲ炻ℵ⎎⢾≈ᶲˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭ἄ䁢婧䭨嬲枭炻㚫䓊䓇㚜䳘䶣䘬嬲⊾烉䔞䳬䷼ᾳṢㆸ⒉℟㚱庫檀䘬曰⿏炻⇯借⟜䴎Ḱ曰⿏㍒㕥㗪炻⮯㚫䓊䓇㭼 ỶᾳṢ曰⿏侭炻㚜䧵㤝䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢ炷Pawar, 2009; Piryaei & Zare, 2013炸ˤ. ήȃ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈಣᙒ՘࣐‫॓ޠ‬Ӫਞ‫ݏ‬ġ 䚠庫㕤㬋⎹埴䁢炻㚱斄曰⿏⮵䥩悐攨䳬䷼䓊䓇䘬屈⎹埴䁢䘬䚠斄䞼䨞炻叿慵䘬 ᷎朆⇵徘䘬㓰䓐ㆾ侭シ佑朊⎹炻侴㗗普ᷕ⛐䳬䷼ΐ䎮朊ᶲ䘬妶婾ˤ曰⿏ⷞἮᾳṢ䘬シ佑デ炻忚侴䓊䓇㬋⎹ΐ䎮埴䁢炻ḇ䘬䡢㗗ᶨ凔Ṣᶵ`⿅䳊䘬➢㛔⌘尉炻䃞侴炻役 Ἦ⌣攳⥳㚱姙⣂⬠侭婾⍲曰⿏⛐℔⎠䳬䷼䘬ΐ䎮㰢䫾ᷕ䓊䓇䘬屈⎹㓰㝄炻姙⣂䞼䨞侭㤝䁢㶙ℍ⛘婾⍲曰⿏㇨忈ㆸ䘬ℑ䧖屈⎹ΐ䎮埴䁢炻⊭㊔ˬ曰⿏㑵䷙˭ẍ⍲ˬ⻟従㓡⬿˭䘬⓷柴ˤ⛐曰⿏㑵䷙㕡朊炻Long 冯 Mills炷2010: 331炸ẍ⍲ Bell 冯 Taylar 炷2003炸悥⼰♜倭⛘婾⍲炻䳬䷼檀Ⰼ劍傥⇣シ⛘⼊⟹㬋⎹䘬シ佑デ炻ὧ㚱⎗傥䓊䓇䌐塩㔯⊾炻德忶借⟜曰⿏ⶍ℟Ἦˬ㑵䷙˭⒉ⶍ炷Fornaciari & Dean, 2001: 336; Porth, Steingard, & McCall, 2003; Polley, Vora, & Narasimha, 2005炸炻⒉ⶍ⮯ᶵℵ傥⣈橼槿 ᷎冒ㆹ⇌㕟炻⚈侴䃉㱽⛐⣂⃫䪞䇕₡ῤᷕ炻冒ᷣ⛘ ↢怠㑯炷Long & Mills, 2010: 335炸炻忁䧖㑵㍏⿏⌙㨇ḇ橼䎦⛐䎦ẋ䔞䲭䘬㬋⎹⽫䎮⬠ㆸ㝄ᷕ炷Lips-Wiersma, Dean, & Fornaciari, 2009: 290炸ˤ ⎎⢾炻Karakas炷2010: 99炸昌Ḯᶲ徘℔⎠德忶借⟜曰⿏㑵䷙⒉ⶍ炻ẍ㺧嵛℔⎠. Ʉ80Ʉ.

(9) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. 䓇䓊≃䘬⚘⠫⢾炻1 㷈䫱Ṏ㍸↢曰⿏忈ㆸ䘬䫔Ḵᾳ⚘⠫ʇ⻟従ˬ㓡⬿˭ 炷proselytism炸炻㊯㴱ẍᶳ忁䧖䎦尉炻⌛⛐℔⎠㇨ᷣ⮶䘬曰⿏₡ῤᶳ炻℞Ṿ曰⿏₡ ῤ侭⮯嬲ㆸ䁢ˬ曰⿏䔘⶙˭炻劍朆怠㑯㓡⬿炻嬲ㆸ䁢㔜倭䔘⶙䘬⮵尉ˤ ⮵㕤ᶲ徘ˬ㑵䷙˭⍲ˬ㓡⬿˭ℑ朊⎹忈ㆸ䘬曰⿏⚘⠫炻ẍ Lips-Wiersma 䫱炷2009炸㇨㍸↢䘬⚃↮栆㧉✳㚨䁢德⽡炷⤪堐ᶨ炸炻㷈䫱德忶ˬ㍏⇞⿏˭炷借⟜㗗 ⏎ẍ曰⿏䁢ⶍ℟䌚⼿⇑㼌炻⌛ˬ㑵䷙˭炸ẍ⍲ˬⶍ℟⿏˭炷借⟜㗗⏎⻟従⒉ⶍ㝸䈡 ⭂ᾉ⾝炻⌛ˬ㓡⬿˭炸ℑ朊⎹炻⮯䥩悐攨借⟜曰⿏↮䁢⚃栆ˤ⛐ˬ婀べ˭ 炷seduction炸㧉✳ᷕ炻䳬䷼⭡姙ㆸ⒉℟㚱⣂⃫曰⿏ᾉẘ䘬⎗傥炻᷎ᶼṎᶵ㗗゛德忶曰⿏忼ㆸ䳬䷼䘬⇑㼌䚖㧁炻忁䧖㧉✳ᶳ炻⎗傥ἧ⼿䳬䷼䓊䓇暊⽫≃㔯⊾烊⍵ᷳ炻䳬 ䷼劍⻟従ㆸ⒉㍍⍿㝸䧖ᾉ㡅炻᷎ẍ㬌忼ㆸ䳬䷼⇑㼌炻ὧ㗗ˬ⼩㚵˭炷subjugation炸㧉✳炻ᶨᶵ䔁シ⯙ㆸ䁢曰⿏䌐塩䘬䳬䷼ˤℵἮ炻劍䳬䷼㍉⍾⣂⃫㝼⿏䘬借⟜曰⿏炻 Ữ⌣ṵ㗗䁢忼ㆸ䳬䷼⇑㼌䚖㧁炻忁⯙㗗ˬ㑵㍏˭炷manipulation炸㧉✳炻 2 ℞仢溆㗗䘤䓇⇑㼌冯ᾳṢ曰⿏堅䨩䘬⌙㨇烊㚨⼴炻劍䳬䷼᷎ᶵ㗗䁢Ḯ⇑㼌䚖㧁炻Ữ⌣⮵借 ⟜曰⿏㚱㔁㡅䘬夷䭬炻⯙嬲ㆸˬ⁛忻˭炷evangelization炸㧉✳炻忁䧖㧉✳䘬仢溆炻 ⇯㗗ἧẩ㤕䳬䷼ῷ暊⇑㼌⮶⎹炻䓊䓇䴻䆇䘬⓷柴ˤ 堐ᶨ ㈡⇌⿏借⟜曰⿏㓰㝄㧉✳ ˬⶍ℟⿏˭. ˬ㍏⇞⿏˭. Ỷ. 檀. Ỷ. ˬ婀べ˭㧉✳. ˬ㑵㍏˭㧉✳. 檀. ˬ⁛忻˭㧉✳. ˬ⼩㚵˭㧉✳. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉嬗冒 Lips-Wiersma et al.炷2009炸ˤ. 1. 2. Karakas炷2010: 99炸娵䁢⮯曰⿏ἄ䁢䳬䷼䞼䨞䘬ℏ㵝炻㚱⚃枭⚘⠫烉昌Ḯ㔯ᷕ㇨㍸䘬 ˬ㑵䷙⒉ⶍ˭ẍ⍲ˬ㓡⬿˭䘬⚘⠫⢾炻⯂㚱䆇⇑℔⎠冯曰⿏㤪⾝㟤㟤ᶵℍ炻ẍ⍲曰⿏⛐ 䳬䷼䞼䨞䔞ᷕ䘬⎰㱽⿏ᶵ嵛䫱ℑᾳ⓷柴ˤょ⚈⼴ℑ侭冯㛔䞼䨞慵溆ᶵℐ䃞䚠斄炻⮯ᶵ䈡 ⇍㕤㔯ᷕ忚埴ṳ䳡ˤ 䈡 ⇍ 枰㊯ ↢ 䘬㗗炻 ⛐ Lips-Wiersma 䫱炷 2009 炸䘬 ⚃ ↮ 栆㧉⺷ ᷕ 炻 ˬ 㑵㍏ ˭ 㧉 ✳ 炷manipulation炸㊯䘬㗗䳬䷼㍉⍾⣂⃫㝼⿏䘬借⟜曰⿏炻Ữ⌣ṵ㗗䁢忼ㆸ䳬䷼⇑㼌䚖㧁炻 ℞佑㵝㗗⛐ᶵ⻟従㓡⬿䘬䉨㱩ᶳ炻ṵ德忶借⟜曰⿏䘬䆇忈炻㑵㍏⒉ⶍ忼ㆸ℔⎠䘬⇑䙲炻 ⚈侴℞㤪⾝庫 Long 冯 Mills炷2010: 331炸⍲ Bell 冯 Taylar炷2003炸㇨㍸䘬ˬ㑵䷙˭㤪⾝㚜䁢䳘䶣炻⚈㬌炻晾䃞⍇㔯⛯䁢 “manipulation”炻ょ䫮侭⮯ℑ侭䴎Ḱᶵ⎴ᷕ㔯侣嬗炻ᶨ ⇯䁢ˬ㑵㍏˭炻⎎ᶨ䁢ˬ㑵䷙˭ˤ Ʉ81Ʉ.

(10) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ѳȃ᡺‫ܓ‬ӶϵӔಣᙒ౪፤Ϝ‫ޠ‬ᚗ८ਞ‫ݏ‬ġ 䚠庫㕤⬿㔁⬠ˣ䓇㬣⬠ˣ⒚⬠ˣ嬟䎮⬠ˣ媖⓮庼⮶ˣ喅埻㔯⬠ˣẩ䭉ˣ㔁做 ⬠ˣ䣦㚫ⶍἄˣ㱽⬠䫱⬠埻柀➇炷Houston & Cartwright, 2007: 88; Houston et al., 2008: 429烊㛶ὲ忼炻2011炸炻℔ℙ埴㓧⸦᷶性婯曰⿏嬘柴炷King, 2007: 103炸炻➢ 㕤┇呁㗪ẋẍἮ䘬忚㬍ᷣ佑ˣⶍ℟䎮⿏⁛䴙炻大㕡䘬℔ℙ埴㓧⬠埻天㯪㔯⭀⽭枰ᾅ ㊩⭊奨₡ῤˣ㓰䌯ẍ⍲朆Ṣね⊾炷Bruce, 2000: 464; Houston & Cartwright, 2007: 88, 90; Houston et al., 2008: 428-429炸ˤ 䃞侴炻媠⣂⬠侭᷎ᶵ娵⎴㬌䧖⮯℔ℙ埴㓧⽆曰⿏₡ῤ↮暊↢⍣䘬⁛䴙炻椾⃰炻⽆⮎䃞朊侴妨炻䃉婾⤪ỽ⛯䃉㱽⮯ℑ侭冯ẍ↮暊炻䞼䨞婒㖶㔯⭀䚠庫㕤℞Ṿ䥩悐攨 Ṣ⒉炻⮵㕤曰⿏₡ῤ㚜䁢䍵夾炷Bruce, 2000; Freeman & Houston, 2010烊㛶ὲ忼ˣ湫㛅䚇炻2010烉190炸炻᷎ᶼ曰⿏₡ῤ檀⹎⛘⼙枧Ḯ㔯⭀䘬ΐ䎮ン⹎ˣ忻⽟㍐䎮ẍ⍲ 䭉䎮埴䁢炷Houston et al., 2008: 428; King, 2007: 103-104炸炻㔯⭀屈屔㓧䫾➟埴炻㚜㗗暋ẍ冯ᾳṢ₡ῤ⇌㕟忚埴↮√炷Houston et al., 2008: 428炸炻⚈㬌炻䠔⮯曰⿏⃫ 䳈䓙℔ℙ㚵⊁柀➇ᷕ∫↢炻⎒㚫ἧ⼿䔞ẋ伶⚳㓧㱣婾徘ㆸ䁢ˬ崌墠䘬℔ℙ⟜➇˭ 炷naked public square炸炷Neuhaus, 1984炸ˤ ⎎⢾炻⽆ㅱ䃞朊侴妨炻⮯ℑ侭↮暊⎗傥㚫䓊䓇ˬẍ䳬䷼㓰䌯䁢⎵埴₡ῤ䌐塩ᷳ ⮎˭䘬⚘⠫ˤ⤪㝄℔悐攨ᷣ䭉䁢Ḯ䳬䷼䘬㓰䌯炻⇣シẍ⇵徘ˬ曰⿏㑵䷙˭ẍ⍲ˬ⻟従㓡⬿˭䘬㕡⺷炻德忶ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭䓊䓇檀⹎䘬䳬䷼ℏ悐シ佑デ冯ↅ倂≃炻⇲⻙悐 Ⱄ冒幓ΐ䎮⇌㕟䘬傥≃炻ὧ⎗⛐䳬䷼ℏ悐㧡䩳ᾉẘ₡ῤ䘬ᶨ⃫⿏炻ἧ⒉ⶍ⛐➟埴㓧䫾㗪䓊䓇ˬ⎴ṯ㔝ユ˭ˣˬ⩱ら⤪ṯ˭䘬ね䵺炻忁㧋䘬ἄ㱽炻䃉䔹⛘⎗⡆≈䳬䷼䘬 ䷦㓰炻䃞侴炻Meier炷1994: 4-8炸㚦⮵ˬ忻⽟㓧䫾˭䘬埴㓧➟埴炻㍸↢Ṿ䘬ㄪㄖ炻 Ṿ娵䁢䓙㕤姙⣂忻⽟㓧䫾嬘柴㗗䚠䔞ᷣ奨䘬炻⚈㬌劍埴㓧ᷣ䭉⛐➟埴䣦㚫ᶲ⬀⛐䘬 ⣂⃫₡ῤˬ忻⽟㓧䫾˭㗪炻ˬ冒ẍ䁢㬋佑˭⛘ˬ德忶㓧⹄≃慷炻⮯冒幓䘬₡ῤ奨⻟ ≈⇘℞ṾṢ幓ᶲ˭炻ὧ㚫⼊ㆸᶨ䧖忻⽟₡ῤ䘬䌐塩ˤ冱ἳ侴妨炻屈屔䣦㚫㤕⊁䘬ᷣ 䭉劍㚱Ḯˬ借⟜曰⿏˭䘬庼≑炻㷈ὧ傥姜㯪䣦ⶍㅱˬヰず˭⮲慵䓇␥䘬₡ῤ炻忚侴天㯪⮵⻙⊊侭㱽⢾㕥】炻⤪㬌⮯㚫忈ㆸ䣦㚫墄≑䘬児僡ˤ⍵ᷳ炻屈屔䦣㮹㤕⊁䘬ᷣ 䭉劍㚱Ḯˬ借⟜曰⿏˭䘬庼≑炻㷈ḇ傥⍵忶Ἦ姜㯪䦣㮹⮑㟠侭ㅱ℟㚱ˬッ⚳シ嬀˭炻㍸檀䦣㮹⮑㟠䘬暋⹎炻忈ㆸ䦣㮹㓧䫾䘬䵲䷖ˤ䘤䓇⛐Ẳ㉱⃳䘬嗸⚂ḳẞ炻ὧ 冯⇵徘⚈⻟⊾ッ⚳シ嬀忈ㆸ䘬⚘⠫劍⎰䫎䭨炻Ữ℞♜慵䦳⹎⶚嬲ㆸ伒ら䘬埴䁢炷Collins & Kakabadse, 2006: 110; Houston & Cartwright, 2007: 88; Houston et al., 2008: 438; Zimbardo, 2008炸ˤ Ʉ82Ʉ.

(11) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. ୥ȃः‫ف‬೪ॏ Κȃ࢈‫ۻ‬ᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᇅНۣಣᙒ՘࣐ȈНۣঐ΢᡺‫ܓ‬ձ࣐ϜϮᡑ໷ġ ⛐⇵徘㔯䌣㩊教⼴ᶵ暋䘤䎦炻忶⼨曰⿏⮵㔯⭀䳬䷼埴䁢䘬䞼䨞炻⯂⬀⛐ᶨᾳ仢 ⎋炻仢⎋䘬ᶨ怲⛐⮎嫱䞼䨞ᶲ炻㇒军䚖⇵炻ẍ曰⿏ἄ䁢冒嬲枭䘬䚠斄⮎嫱䞼䨞炻䘮 ẍ䓊䓇㬋⎹䳬䷼埴䁢ἄ䁢䞼䨞䘬`姕炻℞ᷕ Pawar炷2009炸⍲ Piryaei 冯 Zare 炷2013炸晾䃞㚜䳘䶣⛘⮯借⟜曰⿏冯ᾳṢ曰⿏⋨↮炻Ữ㷈䫱ṵẍ㬋⎹䳬䷼埴䁢ἄ䁢 `姕䘬㕡⎹ˤ 仢⎋䘬⎎ᶨ怲⇯⛐曰⿏䘬屈朊ΐ䎮埴䁢ᶲ炻晾䃞㚱⬠侭㲐シᶵㅱ⎒婯曰⿏䘬㬋 ⎹㓰䓐侴⾥䔍屈朊ΐ䎮埴䁢炷Lips-Wiersma et al., 2009: 296炸炻ょㆾ姙⚈屈朊ΐ䎮埴䁢庫暋德忶慷堐忚埴⮎嫱炻忁ṃ妶婾⣂⋲㍉怷廗婾徘庼ẍᾳ㟰婒㖶䘬㕡㱽Ἦ忚埴炷Collins & Kakabadse, 2006; Strauss & Sawyerr, 2009: 2626炸炻䷙ἧ娎⚾⺢㥳䱦䳘䘬↮栆⬠炷Lips-Wiersma et al., 2009炸炻Ữ㔯⭀曰⿏冯ΐ䎮埴䁢ᷳ攻䘬⮎嫱↮㜸⯂ Ẁᷳ敽⤪ˤ 䓙㕤⬠䓴᷎㛒娎⚾⮯曰⿏忈ㆸ䘬屈朊䳬䷼埴䁢忚埴慷⊾䞼䨞炻⚈侴⌛ἧ姙⣂䘬䞼䨞炷Karakas, 2010: 92; Long & Mills, 2010炸娵䁢炻ᾳ⇍ㆸ⒉ᷳ㇨ẍ傥⣈䨩䟜䳬䷼ 普橼ᶵΐ䎮⓷柴炻姙⣂㗗⚈䁢ᾳṢ曰⿏₡ῤ䘬➭㊩㇨农炷⤪㗪ẋ暄娴 2002 ⸜㧁娴䘬ᶱỵ桐暚Ṣ䈑炸炻Zimbardo炷2008炸␴ Ehrenreich炷2010炸ḇ㍸⇘炻㫚⃳㚵ˬ䚚䚖㚵⽆㪲⦩˭䘬ˬ嶗大㱽㓰ㅱ˭炷The Lucifer Effect炸炻ㆾ侭ˬ䚚䚖䘬㦪奨ᷣ 佑˭炻㚱岜嗽㕤䳬䷼㬋⎹㯃⚵ᷕỮṵ℟冒ㆹ奢⮇傥≃ˣ傥忚埴微⎹⿅侫ˣ㈡⇌⿅侫䘬ˬ忻⽟劙晬˭炻Ữ⬠䓴ẍ⼨᷎㛒娎⚾⮯ᾳ橼冯普橼Ⰼ㫉䘬曰⿏㤪⾝↮⇍嗽䎮炻䎮妋℞⮵䳬䷼埴䁢䘬ᶵ⎴ˤ ⮵ẍᶲℑ朊仢⎋䘬䷓墄炻ὧ㗗㛔䞼䨞㇨㫚䨩䟜ᷳ嗽ˤᶨ㕡朊炻㬋⤪⇵徘䳬䷼ΐ 䎮⬠侭㇨`姕䘬炻⏦Ṣᶵ娚⁷忶⍣慷⊾⮎嫱䞼䨞ᶨ凔炻忶⹎㦪奨⛘`姕借⟜曰⿏⽭䃞䓊䓇㬋朊䘬䳬䷼埴䁢炻侴ㅱ娚㚜ᷕ⿏⛘䚳⼭⎗傥䓊䓇䘬㬋ˣ屈㓰㝄ˤ侴㬋⚈䁢㛔䞼䨞㫚忚埴㬋屈朊㓰㝄䘬槿嫱炻㓭䫮侭娎⚾⮯借⟜曰⿏冯ᾳṢ曰⿏↮⇍䚳⼭炻`姕劍借⟜曰⿏䘬忳䓐炻᷎㛒Ờ晐ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬㍸⋯炻⇯借⟜曰⿏䘬⮎㕥炻⍵侴㚫⮵㔯⭀ 䘬ΐ䎮㰢䫾䓊䓇屈朊⼙枧ˤ⎎㕡朊炻䓙㕤⁛䴙借⟜曰⿏㇨䓊䓇䘬屈朊㓰㝄䘬↮㜸㳩㕤ΐ䎮⬠侭ᾳṢ䘬゛⁷ㆾ㍷徘炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞ᷫ䈡⇍德忶慷⊾䞼䨞↮㜸炻侴朆ᾳ㟰䘬. Ʉ83Ʉ.

(12) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ㍷徘炻ⶴ㛃傥䓊䓇㚜㚱婒㚵≃䘬嫱㒂ˤ 侴㫚忼㬌䚖㧁炻⽭枰⮵ᶲ徘㍸⇘䘬⎬嬲枭忚埴㚜䳘䶣䘬姕妰炻ẍ䫎⎰ᶲ徘㇨㫚槿嫱䘬`姕ˤ⛐ᾳṢ曰⿏⤪ỽṳℍ⼙枧借⟜曰⿏冯䳬䷼埴䁢攻䘬斄Ὢᶲ炻䎮婾ᶲ侴妨炻ṳℍ㓰㝄⎗↮䁢ℑ栆炻ᶨ㗗ˬ婧䭨㓰㝄˭炻⌛ṳℍ䘬婧䭨嬲枭冯冒嬲枭ˣὅ嬲枭䃉ᾳ⇍䚠斄烊Ḵ㗗ˬᷕṳ㓰㝄˭炻⌛ṳℍ䘬ᷕṳ嬲枭炻ḇ⍿冒嬲枭㇨⼙枧炻᷎㚫⼙枧ὅ嬲枭ˤ侴㍮媠䳬䷼䘬⮎晃忳ἄ炻ᶵ暋䘤䎦炻⏦Ṣ㤝暋嫱㖶ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭冯 ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭ᷳ攻㮓䃉䚠斄炻Ữ䚠⍵⛘炻ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭䘬㍒㕥炻⼰㚱⎗傥㚫Ờ晐㔯 ⭀ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬㍸檀炻ᶨ㕡朊⎗傥Ἦ冒㕤借⟜曰⿏䘬ˬ㔁做㿴廠˭㓰㝄炻⎎㕡朊 ḇ㚱⎗傥Ἦ冒㕤借⟜曰⿏䓊䓇䘬ˬ䒬墄㶀㰘˭㓰㝄炻侴㖊䃞ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭㚫⼙枧⇘ ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬䘤⯽炻⏦Ṣ⮯ᷳ夾䁢ᷕṳ嬲枭炻侴朆⤪忶⼨䞼䨞侭炷Pawar, 2009; Piryaei & Zare, 2013炸⮯ᷳ夾䁢婧䭨嬲枭炻Ụ᷶庫䁢⎰䎮ˤ 军㕤㇨㫚䞼䨞䘬ὅ嬲枭怠㑯炻㛔䞼䨞㇨㫚Ḯ妋侭炻Ὢ借⟜曰⿏䘬⮎㕥㗗⏎㚫⚈ 䁢㑵䷙冯㓡⬿㓰㝄炻⼊ㆸ普橼䚚⿅炻侴⮵㚵⊁⮵尉䓊䓇屈朊䘬ΐ䎮埴䁢炻ẍ⍲忁䧖屈朊ΐ䎮埴䁢㗗⏎㚫⚈ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬ᷕṳ炻侴㚱㬋朊⼙枧ˤ䓙㕤忶⍣䞼䨞䘤䎦炻ˬ借 ⟜曰⿏˭䘬⮎㕥炻劍䃉ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬ᷕṳ炻⎗傥ἧ⼿䳬䷼䓊䓇普橼䚚⿅炻䁢Ḯ䝕妋普橼䚚⿅㗗⏎䘤䓇炻㛔䞼䨞⮯德忶ˬ䳬䷼㈧媦˭⍲ˬΐ䎮㰢䫾˭ℑᾳὅ嬲枭Ḱẍ 槿嫱炻劍㗗ˬ䳬䷼㈧媦˭㍸檀炻Ữˬΐ䎮㰢䫾˭⌣⍵侴ᶳ旵炻㬌㗪ὧ娵䁢䓊䓇Ḯ普橼䚚⿅䎦尉ˤ䃞侴炻䁢傥㚱℞Ṿ䳬䷼埴䁢ᷳὅ嬲枭ἄ䁢㭼庫炻㛔䞼䨞⎎怠㑯ˬⶍἄ 㺧シ⹎˭ἄ䁢槿嫱䘬ὅ嬲枭ˤ 军㕤䞼䨞`姕䘬槿嫱䦳⸷炻椾⃰炻䫮侭⮯槿嫱忶⼨䞼䨞䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢ㗗⏎⬀⛐— ⌛借⟜曰⿏⮵㕤ˬ䳬䷼㈧媦˭ˣˬΐ䎮㰢䫾˭⍲ˬⶍἄ㺧シ⹎˭ˣ悥㚱㬋⎹斄Ὢˤ ℵἮ炻䓙㕤仢᷷㔯⭀ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭㗪炻㚫ἧ⼿䳬䷼䘤䓇普橼䚚⿅炻⚈侴炻㛔䞼䨞` 姕炻借⟜曰⿏⮵ˬ䳬䷼㈧媦˭忈ㆸ䘬㬋朊⼙枧炻㚫⚈䁢ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭ἄ䁢ᷕṳ嬲枭⼴炻℞⻟⹎㚫㚜≈⻟炻Ữˬ借⟜曰⿏˭⮵ˬΐ䎮㰢䫾˭䘬㬋朊⼙枧炻㚫⚈䁢ˬᾳṢ 曰⿏˭ἄ䁢ᷕṳ嬲枭⼴炻侴䓊䓇屈朊䘬⼙枧炻侴ˬⶍἄ㺧シ⹎˭冯普橼䚚⿅䃉斄炻 ⚈侴ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭冯℞攻䘬斄Ὢ炻ᶵ㚫⚈ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬ᷕṳ侴㚱嬲≽ˤ. Ρȃः‫࢝ف‬ᄻІ୆೪ġ ὅ㒂⇵䭨婒㖶炻嫡⮯㇨㫚槿嫱ᷳ䞼䨞㝞㥳丒墥⤪ᶳ⚾ᶨ炻晐⼴婒㖶䚠斄䘬䞼䨞 `姕ˤ. Ʉ84Ʉ.

(13) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. ᾳṢ曰⿏. ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎ 借⟜曰⿏䳬䷼㈧媦. ΐ䎮㰢䫾 ⚾ᶨ 㛔㔯䞼䨞㝞㥳屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒埴丒墥ˤ. `姕 1烉借⟜曰⿏㬋朊⼙枧ⶍἄ㺧シˤ `姕 2烉借⟜曰⿏㬋朊⼙枧䳬䷼㈧媦ˤ `姕 3烉借⟜曰⿏㬋朊⼙枧ΐ䎮㰢䫾ˤ `姕 4烉借⟜曰⿏㬋朊⼙枧ⶍἄ㺧シ䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢ炻⛐㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏ᷕṳ⼴ᶵ㚫⼙枧ˤ `姕 5烉借⟜曰⿏㬋朊⼙枧䳬䷼㈧媦䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢ炻⛐㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏ᷕṳ⼴㚫㚜≈㍸檀ˤ `姕 6烉借⟜曰⿏㬋朊⼙枧ΐ䎮㰢䫾䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢ炻⛐㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏ᷕṳ⼴ㆸ䁢屈⎹ 斄Ὢˤ. ήȃᡑ໷Іข໕Ϗ‫ڏ‬ġ 䓙㕤㛔䞼䨞⎬⓷⌟柴㛔⛯䓙侣嬗侴Ἦ炻䓂军℞ᷕ㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ˣ㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏ ẍ⍲ΐ䎮㰢䫾䫱ᶱ⓷⌟炻忶⼨⛯䃉ᷕ㔯侣嬗炻䁢䡢ᾅᾉˣ㓰⹎炻䫮侭昌Ḯ⮯㇨㚱慷堐⽝㯪ᶱỵ℔ℙ埴㓧柀➇⮰⭞ᷳᾖ㓡シ夳ẍ⢾炻Ṏ䓙㛔䞼䨞㭵橼䔞ᷕ㉥↢ 1 ╖ỵ 炷ᷕ㬋㇞㓧ḳ⊁㇨炸炻䓙娚㇨ℵ㉥↢ 50 ỵ㔯⭀忚埴⇵㷔⼴炻ᾅ䔁℟㚱㓰⹎䘬⓷⌟ 柴䚖炻ἄ䁢㛔䞼䨞⮎晃㕥㷔㗪䘬⓷⌟ⶍ℟ˤ⛐⇵㷔⼴炻昌Ḯ㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏枰䓙⍇慷堐 17 柴⇒䁢 14 柴ẍ⢾炻℞检慷堐⛯䵕㊩⍇㚱柴䚖ˤ Ʉ85Ʉ.

(14) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ȞΚȟ࢈‫ۻ‬ȶᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ȷġ 㟡㒂⇵䭨↮㜸炻ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭㗗ˬ㝸䧖ⶍἄ借⟜䘬㯃⚵炻傥ἧ借⒉䓊䓇ⶍἄ䘬シ佑ˣ␴䳬䷼圵䁢ᶨ橼䘬デ≽炻᷎䘤䎦䓇␥䘬䳪㤝₡ῤ˭炻㛔䞼䨞ᷫ㒂㬌⮳㈦怑⎰ ἧ䓐䘬⓷⌟炻䓙㕤㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⓷⌟᷎䃉ᷕ㔯㛔炻㛔䞼䨞Ὢ侣嬗 Rego 冯 Cunha 炷2008炸ᷳ䞼䨞慷堐⼴忚埴婧㞍炻 3 14 ᾳ柴䚖䴻⚈䳈↮㜸⼴炻KMO炷KaiserMeyer-Olkin炸ῤ䁢 0.936炻㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏䘬 3 ᾳᷣ天⚈䳈Ṏ⍿⇘䡢娵炻㛔䞼䨞㇨㫚㷔慷ᷳ㓧⹄曰⿏借⟜䈡岒炻䴻䓙 3 ᾳ⚈䳈ℙ 14 忻柴枭≈䷥侴ㆸ炻℞ Cronbach’s Į Ὢ㔠䁢 0.942ˤ. ȞΡȟНۣঐ΢᡺‫ܓ‬ġ 㟡㒂⇵䭨↮㜸炻ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭㗗ˬᶨ䧖冒ㆹℏ⛐冯军檀侭ˣ冒䃞叔䈑ˣ䓂军崭崲冒ㆹᷳ怈⣏䚖㧁ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ˭炻㛔䞼䨞ᷫ㒂㬌⮳㈦怑⎰ἧ䓐䘬⓷⌟炻⚈ᾳṢ曰⿏ ⓷⌟Ṏ䃉ᷕ㔯㛔炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞⓷⌟Ὢ⍫侫 Liu 冯 Robertson炷2011炸㇨ἧ䓐䘬柴䚖侣嬗侴ㆸ炻4 娚慷堐㇨慵夾䘬ᾳṢ曰⿏ℏ㵝炻⌛㛔㔯㇨枸㷔慷䘬ᾳṢ⍵䚩冯冒ㆹ崭崲䘬傥≃炻忁ṃ崭崲䘬傥≃䓙Ỷ侴檀Ⰼ㫉⊭㊔烉冯℞ṾṢ栆Ḻ岜ˣ⣏冒䃞⍲䓇␥䘬 Ḻ岜ẍ⍲崭冒䃞≃慷䘬Ḻ岜䫱 3 朊⎹ 14 忻柴䚖炻㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏䈡岒ᷳ堉慷炻䓙 14 忻柴枭≈䷥侴ㆸ炻忚埴⚈䳈↮㜸⼴炻㚨⼴⼿↢ KMO ῤ䁢 0.897炻㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬 3 ᾳᷣ天⚈䳈⍿⇘䡢娵炻侴㛔䞼䨞㇨㫚㷔慷ᷳ㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏炻Ὢ䴻䓙 3 ᾳᷣ天⚈䳈ℙ 14 忻柴䚖≈䷥侴ㆸ炻Cronbach’s Į Ὢ㔠䁢 0.899ˤ 3. 4. 娚⮎嫱婧㞍㇨㍉⍾䘬ḇ㗗 Milliman et al.炷2003炸䘬ᶱ朊⎹↮栆炻ょ娚䞼䨞⸜ẋ庫役炻ᶼ Milliman et al.炷2003炸䘬䞼䨞᷎ᷕ㛒㶭㤂㔀㖶⓷⌟柴䚖ℏ⭡炻㓭㛔䞼䨞怠㑯 Rego 冯 Cunha炷2008炸ᷳ柴䚖ἄ䁢侣嬗ᷳ⍫侫➢㸾ˤ ᾳ Ṣ 曰⿏䘬堉慷炻䚖 ⇵ ⚳ ⢾ 㔯䌣 ⣂ 䓐 Underwood 炷 2006 炸㇨䘤 ⯽ 䘬 Daily Spiritual Experience Scale炷DSES炸慷堐ἄ䁢㷔慷䘬ὅ㒂炻䃞侴炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ㇨ẍ㍉䓐 Liu 冯 Roberson炷2011炸㇨䘤⯽䘬⓷⌟炻㚱ẍᶳ⸦ᾳ⍇⚈烉椾⃰炻㛔⓷⌟Ὢ䵄⎰忶⍣媠⣂㤪⾝慷堐⼴炻㚨㕘䘤⯽↢Ἦ䘬㕘⓷⌟炻℞㫉炻㬋⤪ℑỵἄ侭冒徘炻㛔⓷⌟傥⃳㚵忶⍣慷堐䘬 5 枭仢溆烉炷1炸䓙㕤⓷⌟㚱ˬ曰⿏崭崲˭Ⰼ㫉ἄ䁢➢䢶炻⚈侴傥⮯忶⍣㍷徘✳ 炷descriptive炸䘬⓷⌟炻ㆸ䁢妋慳✳炷explanatory炸䘬⓷⌟烊炷2炸忶⍣䘬⓷⌟㶟䓐Ḯΐ 䎮ˣ⬿㔁ˣᾉẘ⍲⾈婈䘬㤪⾝炻᷎㛒傥∝忈↢⮰Ⱄ曰⿏㤪⾝䘬⓷⌟烉炷3炸忶⍣䘬⓷⌟㗗䓙℞Ṿ柀➇ῇ䓐侴Ἦ炻᷎朆⮰䁢䭉䎮柀➇侴姕妰烊炷4炸忶⍣⓷⌟䘬㓰ᾉ⹎槿嫱忶䦳ᷕ炻㚱崭忶ᶨ⋲ẍᶲ㗗ẍ⮷夷㧉䘬⣏⬠䓇ㆾ侭 MBA ⬠䓇ἄ䁢㷔娎⮵尉烊炷5炸忶⍣䘬⓷⌟天 ᶵ㗗仢᷷⺢㥳㓰⹎槿嫱䘬㍊䳊⿏↮㜸炷EFA炸炻⯙㗗晾㚱槿嫱⿏⚈䳈炷CFA炸↮㜸炻Ữ 仢᷷⣂⃫㧋㛔䘬嶐㓰⹎堉慷炻Ữ㛔䞼䨞傥⮯ᶲ徘⓷柴⻴墄崟Ἦ炻⚈侴℞⓷⌟ᾉ㓰⹎ㅱ庫㝄⼨慷堐䁢Ἓˤ. Ʉ86Ʉ.

(15) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. ȞήȟϏձᅗཏ࡚ġ ⶍἄ㺧シ ⹎ 㤪⾝崟㸸㕤 Mayo 炷1927-1932 炸䘬暵㟹⮎ 槿 ˤ㛔㔯㍉ ⍾ Price 炷2001炸䘬⭂佑炻⮯ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎⭂佑䁢ˬⶍἄ㺧シ⹎㗗ᾳṢ⮵㔜橼ⶍἄ䘬デ奢䦳 ⹎炻⊭㊔⮵℞ⶍἄ╄⤥ㆾᶵ╄⤥˭ˤ侴䁢Ḯ堉慷ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎炻㛔䞼䨞⍫侫Ḯ姙⣂℔ ℙ埴㓧䞼䨞ᷕⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䘬慷堐炻䘤䎦㔯⭀ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䘬慷堐悥普ᷕ⛐㷔慷ℏ⛐朆慹拊婀⚈䘬䈡岒炻⊭㊔ㆸ⯙デˣ⮰㤕䘤⯽⿏ˣⶍἄ㛔幓䘬シ佑䫱炷Deleon & Taher, 1996; Ellickson, 2002; Wright & Davis, 2003炸ˤ㛔䞼䨞ḇ㟡㒂忁㧋䘬䱦䤆炻姕妰Ḯ 5 ᾳ柴枭䘬慷堐炻䓐Ἦ堉慷㔯⭀⮵㕤ㆸ⯙デˣ⼿⇘娵⎗ˣ屔ả屈㑼ˣシ佑デẍ⍲㛒Ἦ 䘬䘤⯽ˤⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䈡岒ᷳ堉慷炻䓙 5 忻柴枭≈䷥侴ㆸ炻䴻⚈䳈↮㜸⼴䘤䎦柴枭⛯ Ⱄ㕤⎴ᶨᾳ㥳朊炻KMO ῤ䁢 0.891炻ℵ䴻䓙ᾉ⹎↮㜸炻⼿↢ Cronbach’s Į Ὢ㔠䁢 0.932ˤ. Ȟѳȟಣᙒ‫ܜ‬ᒜġ 䳬䷼㈧媦䘬⭂佑炻ᶵ⎴䘬䞼䨞侭憅⮵ᶵ⎴䘬䞼䨞䚖䘬␴慵溆侴㚱ᶵ⎴䘬⭂佑炻㛔䞼䨞㍉⍾㈧媦 PorterˣSteersˣMowday 冯 Boulian炷1974炸䘬⭂佑烉ˬ䳬䷼䁢ᾳ Ṣ⮵䈡⭂䳬䷼娵⎴冯㈽ℍ䘬䚠⮵䦳⹎˭ˤ侴㛔䞼䨞㇨㫚㷔慷䘬䳬䷼㈧媦ᷳ柴枭炻Ὢ ⍫侫 Rego 冯 Cunha炷2008炸⛐䞼䨞ᷕ㇨ἧ䓐䘬柴䚖侣嬗侴ㆸˤℙ㚱 11 ᾳ柴枭Ἦ㷔慷䳬䷼㈧媦炻忚埴⚈䳈↮㜸⼴炻KMO ῤ䫱㕤 0.819炻䳬䷼㈧媦䘬 3 ᾳᷣ天⚈䳈⍿⇘ 䡢娵炻㛔䞼䨞㇨枸㷔慷ᷳ䳬䷼㈧媦䈡岒炻Ὢ䴻䓙 3 ᾳᷣ天⚈䳈ℙ 11 忻柴枭≈䷥侴 ㆸ炻㚨⼴⼿↢ Cronbach’s Į Ὢ㔠䁢 0.857ˤ. Ȟϥȟঘ౪‫๋؛‬ġ 㛔㔯㍉⍾ RobinˣReidenbach 冯 Forrest炷1996炸䘬⭂佑炻⮯ΐ䎮㰢䫾⭂佑䁢 ˬᾳṢシ嬀⇘ᶨ枭嬘柴ㆾ侭埴≽㗗ᶵΐ䎮䘬䦳⹎˭炻5 军㕤㫚㷔慷䘬ΐ䎮㰢䫾ᷳ柴枭炻⇯Ὢ⍫侫⛐ Fernando 冯 Chowdhury炷2010炸䞼䨞ᷕ㇨ἧ䓐䘬柴䚖侣嬗侴ㆸˤ ℙ㚱 15 ᾳ柴枭Ἦ㷔慷ΐ䎮㰢䫾炻忚埴⚈䳈↮㜸⼴䘤䎦炻KMO ῤ䫱㕤 0.872炻ΐ䎮㰢䫾䘬 2 ᾳᷣ天⚈䳈⍿⇘䡢娵炻㛔䞼䨞㇨枸㷔慷ᷳΐ䎮㰢䫾䈡岒炻Ὢ䓙 2 ᾳᷣ天⚈ 䳈ℙ 15 忻柴枭≈䷥侴ㆸ炻⼿↢ Cronbach’s Į Ὢ㔠䁢 0.854ˤ. Ȟϳȟ௢‫ښ‬ᡑ໷ġ 㛔䞼䨞㟡㒂ᶨ凔㔯⭀灖䁢䞼䨞ᷳㄋ瀃炻⮯⿏⇍ˣ濜漉ˣ⬠濚ˣ㚰㓞ℍˣ㓧⹄ⶍ 5. ⍇㔯⤪ᶳ烉the degree to which an individual perceives an issue or action to be unethicalˤ Ʉ87Ʉ.

(16) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ἄ濜屯ˣ借⊁㓦ℍ㍏⇞嬲枭烊⎎㔯䌣㊯↢⬿㔁ᾉẘ㚫⮵ΐ䎮㰢䫾㚱ᶨ⭂䦳⹎䘬⼙枧炷Fernando, Dharmage, & Almeida, 2008; Karande, Rao, & Singhapakdi, 2002炸炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞Ṏ⮯⬿㔁㓦ℍ㍏⇞嬲枭ᷕ炻⛐㍏⇞嬲枭ᷳ㵝味朊庫⺋䘬↮㜸ᶳ炻傥ἧ冒嬲枭ˣὅ嬲枭ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻潏≈㸾䡢ˤ 㛔䞼䨞㇨㚱䘬⓷⌟⛯㍉䓐 5 䫱↮䘬㛶⃳䈡慷堐炷5-point Likert style scale炸忚埴㷔慷炻℞ᷕ 1 ẋ堐朆ⷠᶵ⎴シ炻2 ẋ堐ᶵ⎴シ炻3 ẋ堐㘖忂炻4 ẋ堐⎴シ炻5 ẋ堐朆 ⷠ⎴シˤ. ѳȃୱ‫ڣ‬።ࢦᇅϸ‫ݚ‬ġ ȞΚȟ‫ܫ‬ኻႇโġ 䓙㕤㛔䞼䨞ᷳ慵溆ᷫ䁢㍊䞍借⟜曰⿏冯㔯⭀䳬䷼埴䁢ᷳ斄Ὢ炻⚈㬌⤪ỽ⮳⼿⎬ 䳬䷼嬲枭⃀慷栆Ụᷳ⎴栆㨇斄炻Ữ℞攻檀Ỷ借⟜曰⿏℟⍵ⶖ侭炻℞㨇斄ℏ㔯⭀⮯㗗庫怑⎰䘬㕥㷔⮵尉ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻晾ㆹ㓧⹄᷎䃉憅⮵⎬㨇斄㇨忚埴ᷳ借⟜曰⿏婧㞍炻ょ䴻㞍炻堃䓇䤷⇑悐⚳㮹‍⹟会忶⍣⶚㍐≽‍⹟借⟜冒ᷣ娵嫱炻ⶴ㛃㍸ὃᶨ⣿ ⬴┬䘬‍⹟妰䔓ẍ⺢䩳䳬䷼㬋⎹斄㆟䘬⼊尉᷎㍸⋯⒉ⶍ⢓㯋ˣ旵Ỷ⒉ⶍ暊借䌯炻娚娵嫱Ụ庫䫎⎰㛔䞼䨞㫚㍊妶ᷳ㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏嬘柴ˤ⛐℞ᷕ炻忂忶‍⹟┇≽冯‍⹟Ὣ 忚㧁䪈娵嫱侭炻ẍ冢⊿ⶪ⯭⣂炻ᷣ天↮ⶫ㕤⎬⋨℔㇨冯㇞㓧╖ỵ炻⚈㬌炻ẍ冢⊿ⶪ ⋨℔㇨⍲㇞㓧ḳ⊁㇨㔯⭀ 䁢婧㞍⮵尉炻⎗䫎⎰㛔䞼䨞ᷳ暨㯪ˤ ⛐㉥㧋忶䦳ᷕ炻䁢忼⇘ℐ冢⊿ⶪ⋨℔㇨⍲㇞㓧ḳ⊁㇨㬋⺷䶐⇞⒉柵䘬ẋ堐⿏炻 ὅ㒂冢⊿ⶪ⎬⋨℔㇨⍲㇞㓧ḳ⊁㇨䶐⇞⒉柵㔠䷥妰 2400 Ṣ炻᷎↮⇍ẍ⎬⋨℔㇨⍲ ㇞㓧ḳ⊁㇨Ḱẍ↮Ⰼˤ 㟡㒂䴙妰℔⺷ Dillman炷2000: 206炸㇨⺢嬘䘬㉥㧋℔⺷炻⛐㛔䞼䨞㭵橼夷㧉 2,400 Ṣ䘬ね㱩ᶳ炻㫚忼 95% ᾉ岜㯜㸾炻⛐㬋屈 5% ㉥㧋婌ⶖᶳ炻㉥㧋㔠ㅱ忼 331 Ṣˤ⛐⼿↢ㅱ㉥㧋Ṣ㔠⼴炻ὅ㒂⎬⋨℔㇨⍲㇞㓧ḳ⊁㇨䶐⇞⒉柵㭼ἳ⼿↢㭵橼⎬Ⰼ 䘬㭼ἳ炻ℵẍ㫚忼ㆸ䘬㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠 331 Ṣ㒂ẍ妰䬿⎬↮Ⰼㅱ忼ㆸ䘬枸⭂㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠ˤ 昌㬌ᷳ⢾炻䁢旚㬊⓷⌟婧㞍⣙㓿⎗傥炻㛔䞼䨞⍫侫㳒㯠㲘炷2004炸㍸↢䘬児僡㧋㛔㤪⾝炻ḳ⃰⮯㉥㧋Ṣ㔠児僡䁢枸⭂㚱㓰㧋㛔㔠䘬 1.2 ᾵炻᷎㊱㭼ἳ㕤⎬↮Ⰼᷕ 惵伖⮵ㅱ㧋㛔㔠炻㚨⼴⼿↢ㅱ㉥⍾䘬児僡㧋㛔Ṣ㔠ˤ㛔䞼䨞㟡㒂児僡㧋㛔㔠忚埴㉥㧋⼴炻⼿ㅱ㉥㧋Ṣ㔠䁢 396 Ṣ炻䫮侭ℵὅ㒂╖ỵἄ䁢㉥㧋➢㸾炻ẍ SPSS 庇橼ᷕ晐㨇㉥㧋㕡⺷炻䓙㭵橼⎵Ⅎᷕὅ䄏ㅱ㉥Ṣ㔠㉥⍾嵛柵㔠炻㚨⼴⎹塓㉥⍾ᷳ㔯⭀䘤㓦⓷ Ʉ88Ʉ.

(17) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. ⌟炻㚨⼴⚆㓞䘬ấ㔠䁢 369 ấ炷⚆㓞䌯䁢 89.7%炸炻悐↮↮Ⰼ⚆㓞ấ㔠崭↢⎬↮Ⰼ 惵伖⮵ㅱ㧋㛔㔠炻㓭䫮侭㚨⼴⮵⚆㓞崭↢暨天㧋㛔㔠ᷳ↮Ⰼ炻ℵ㫉忚埴晐㨇㉥㧋炻 ἧ㛔䞼䨞㚨⼴䓐㕤↮㜸ᷳ⓷⌟㔠炻䫎⎰枸⭂ᷳ㉥㧋䳸㥳炻⤪㬌㕡ᶵ军㕤⛐忚埴㍐婾㭵橼㗪䓊䓇ῷ婌ˤ. ȞΡȟၦਠึܺᇅᇕ໲ġ 㛔䞼䨞⛐ 2013 ⸜ 8 㚰 6 㖍军 9 㚰 26 㖍攻炻德忶⓷⌟婧㞍㕡⺷忚埴㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏䉨㱩ᷳ婧㞍ˤ⛐⓷⌟⌘墥⬴ㆸ⼴炻ὅᾳ⇍Ṣ⒉ᷳ⥻⎵ẍᾉ⮩墅伖炻⥼䓙⎬╖ỵ椾攟廱䘤ˤ⓷⌟⚆㓞㕡⺷⇯䓙⠓䫼侭⮯⠓⥍ᷳ⓷⌟⻴⮩㕤ℏ旬ᾉ⮩ℏ炻ℵṌ䓙椾攟⚆ 㓞炻⤪㬌⎗旵Ỷ⍿㷔侭⠓䫼㗪ᷳ䔹ㄖˤ. Ȟήȟၦਠϸ‫ݚ‬ġ 屯㕁⚆㓞⼴炻㛔䞼䨞德忶 SPSS20.0 䇰忚埴屯㕁䴙妰炻⮵㕤怢㺷ῤ悐↮䘬嗽䎮炻䴻㩊㞍䘤䎦㛔䞼䨞䘬怢㺷㗗晐㨇怢㺷炻⚈㬌㍉⸛⛯㔠㍺墄㱽炻⎎⢾炻㛔䞼䨞⚆ 㓞⓷⌟⎬柴䴙妰ῷンῤ⮷㕤 2炻Ⲙ⹎⮷㕤 7炻䫎⎰⣂⃫ⷠン⿏↮惵炻怑䓐徜㬠↮㜸炷Kline, 2005炸ˤ 㛔䞼䨞㍉䓐昶Ⰼ徜㬠↮㜸借⟜曰⿏ˣᾳṢ曰⿏⮵㔯⭀ⶍἄ堐䎦䘬⼙枧炻᷎槿嫱 ᾳṢ曰⿏⮵借⟜曰⿏冯㔯⭀ⶍἄ堐䎦䘬ᷕṳ㓰㝄ˤ㟡㒂 Baron 冯 Kenny炷1986炸䘬奨溆炻冒嬲枭冯ὅ嬲枭ᷳ攻劍⬀⛐ᷕṳ嬲枭炻⽭枰㺧嵛ᶱᾳ㡅ẞ烉炷1炸冒嬲枭⮵ ᷕṳ嬲枭㚱栗叿䘬㓰㝄烊炷2炸冒嬲枭冯ὅ嬲枭ᷳ攻㚱栗叿㓰㝄炷3炸⎴㗪⮯冒嬲枭冯ᷕṳ嬲枭≈ℍ徜㬠㧉⺷ᷕ㩊㷔⮵ὅ嬲枭䘬㓰㝄炻劍冒嬲枭⮵ὅ嬲枭䘬㓰㝄㚫⚈䁢 ᷕṳ嬲枭䘬≈ℍ栗叿㷃⻙炻⇯ẋ堐㚱ᷕṳ㓰㝄ˤ. နȃः‫ف‬๗‫ݏ‬ Κȃ࢈‫ۻ‬ᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈϛӤ੬፵Нۣϟኈ៫ৰ౵ġ 㛔䞼䨞婧㞍䘬⮵尉炻℞㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⏰䎦䓂檀䘬嵐⊊炻⎬枭Ṣ⎋䈡岒⛐ 14 柴枭⸛⛯ᷕ炻㚨Ỷ⼿⇘ 44.143 ↮ẍᶲ䘬⸛⛯㔠炷℞Ṿ⬿㔁ᾉẘ䳬炸炻㚨檀⸛⛯㔠㚜忼⇘ 52.526 ↮炷㚰㓞ℍ 29,999 ⃫ẍᶳ䳬炸炻Ṏ⌛㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏慷堐ᷕ炻㭷柴䘬⚆ 央悥⛐ᶨ凔炷3 ↮炸⇘⎴シ炷4 ↮炸ᷳ攻ˤ䓙㬌⎗夳炻㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏㘖念䵕㊩⛐ᷕ 檀㯜㸾ᷳᶲˤ⎎⢾炻㔯⭀ᶵ⎴➢㛔䈡岒冯㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏䘬斄Ὢ炻䫮侭德忶 t 㩊⭂冯 Ʉ89Ʉ.

(18) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. F 㩊⭂↮㜸ᷳˤ嫡ẍ堐Ḵ⍲堐ᶱ婒㖶㛔䞼䨞㔯⭀⎬枭Ṣ⎋䈡岒ᷳ㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⸛⛯ 㔠ˣ㧁㸾ⶖẍ⍲㗗⏎⮵㕤㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏㚱㇨ⶖ䔘ˤ 堐Ḵ 㔯⭀䈡岒炷ℑ䳬㗪炸⛐㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ᶲ䘬ⶖ䔘嬲枭. 栆⇍炷Ṣ㔠炸 1. 䓟炷205炸⿏⇍ 2. ⤛炷464炸 1. ᷣ䭉炷53炸 ᷣ䭉ㆾ朆ᷣ䭉 2. 朆ᷣ䭉炷600炸. ⸛⛯㔠 50.2 46.9 51.6 47.6. 㧁㸾ⶖ 8.9 8.7 4.7 9.1. tῤ. pῤ. ⶖ䔘㭼庫. 3.042**. 0.003. 1烍2. 3.564**. 0.001. 1烍2. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒埴丒墥ˤ姣烉**堐 p烋0.01. 䓙堐Ḵ⼿䞍炻㔯⭀䘬⿏⇍ẍ⍲㗗⏎㑼ảᷣ䭉借⊁⛐㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ᶲ㚱栗叿ⶖ 䔘ˤ℞ᷕ炻䓟⿏⛐㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ᶲ檀㕤⤛⿏炻㑼ảᷣ䭉借℞㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ḇ㭼朆ᷣ 䭉借Ἦ⼿檀ˤ 堐ᶱ 㔯⭀䈡岒炷ᶱ䳬ẍᶲ㗪炸⛐㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ᶲ䘬ⶖ䔘嬲枭. 栆⇍炷Ṣ㔠炸 1. ἃ㔁炷215炸 2. 忻㔁炷117炸 3. ➢䜋㔁炷43炸 ⬿㔁ᾉẘ 4. ⣑ᷣ㔁炷10炸 5. 䃉炷254炸 6. ℞Ṿ炷15炸 1. 30 㬚ẍᶳ炷142炸 2. 31-40 㬚炷213炸 ⸜漉 3. 41-50 㬚炷198炸 4. 51 㬚ẍᶲ炷111炸 1. 檀ᷕ炷借炸ẍᶳ炷50炸 ⬠㬟 2. ⣏⮰炷552炸 3. 䞼䨞㇨ẍᶲ炷59炸 1. 29,999 ⃫ẍᶳ炷40炸 2. 30,000-49,999 ⃫炷434炸㚰㓞ℍ 3. 50,000-69,999 ⃫炷175炸 4. 70,000 ẍᶲ炷19炸 1. 1-5 ⸜炷230炸 2. 6-10 ⸜炷138炸㓧⹄ⶍἄ⸜屯 3. 11-15 ⸜炷94炸 4. 16-20炷94炸 5. 20 ⸜ẍᶲ炷107炸. ⸛⛯㔠㧁㸾ⶖ Fῤ p ῤ ⶖ䔘㭼庫 48.9 7.3 47.8 9.1 45.7 11.9 0.894 0.485 46.3 19.5 47.4 9.0 44.1 9.9 46.9 8.5 1烋4 45.0 10.3 2烋3 9.571*** 0.000 49.2 7.5 2烋4 52.2 6.4 52.1 6.8 47.5 9.0 2.385 0.094 47.8 8.2 52.5 8.4 1烍2 46.4 9.2 6.232*** 0.000 2烋3 50.2 7.3 51.8 4.5 46.6 9.4 45.8 9.6 1烋5 49.4 8.2 3.946** 0.004 2烋5 49.7 7.9 50.8 6.6. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒埴丒墥ˤ姣烉**堐 p烋0.01炻***堐 p烋0.001 Ʉ90Ʉ.

(19) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. 䓙堐ᶱ⼿䞍炻㔯⭀䘬⬿㔁ᾉẘ冯⬠㬟炻⛐㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ᶲ㰺㚱ⶖ䔘ˤ䃞侴炻⸜ 漉ˣ㚰㓞ℍˣẍ⍲⛐㓧⹄ⶍἄ䘬⸜屯㚫忈ㆸ㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏䘬ⶖ䔘ˤ䴻忶ḳ⼴㭼庫炻䘤䎦⛐⸜漉ᶲ炻41-50 㬚䳬ẍ⍲ 51 㬚ẍᶲ䳬⛯庫 31-40 㬚䳬Ἦ⼿檀炻℞ᷕ炻51 㬚 ẍᶲ䳬ḇ檀㕤 30 㬚ẍᶳ䳬烊⛐㚰㓞ℍᶲ炻29,999 ⃫ẍᶳ䳬ẍ⍲ 50,000-69,999 ⃫䳬䘬㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⛯檀㕤 30,000-49,999 ⃫䳬烊⛐㓧⹄ⶍἄ⸜屯ᶲ炻20 ⸜ẍᶲ䳬ᷳ㓧 ⹄借⟜曰⿏庫 1-5 ⸜䳬冯 6-10 ⸜䳬Ἦ⼿檀ˤ䓙㬌⎗夳炻ᶨ凔⸜漉Ỷ侭ˣ㚰㓞ℍᷕ 䫱侭冯⸜屯Ỷ侭炻℞㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏庫Ỷˤ. Ρȃࣻᜱ‫ܓ‬ϸ‫ݚ‬ġ 䁢性⃵徜㬠↮㜸㗪ℙ䶂⿏⓷柴炻㛔䞼䨞⛐徜㬠↮㜸⇵⃰忚埴冒嬲枭攻䘬䚠斄↮ 㜸炻⽆堐⚃奨⮇䘤䎦炻借⟜曰⿏冯ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬䚠斄Ὢ㔠䳽⮵ῤ⛐ 0.40 ẍᶲ炻⮷㕤 0.70炻堐䣢ℑ侭ᷳ攻䘬䚠斄䦳⹎䁢ᷕ⹎䚠斄炻⚈㬌ᶵ㚫䘤䓇♜慵䘬ℙ䶂⿏⓷柴炷⏛ 㖶昮炻2011烉6-30炸ˤ 堐⚃ 䞼䨞嬲枭ᷳ⸛⛯㔠ˣ㧁㸾ⶖ冯䚠斄Ὢ㔠 ⸛⛯㔠. 㧁㸾ⶖ. 1. 借⟜曰⿏. 47.9. 8.9. 2. ᾳṢ曰⿏. 53.1. 7.2. 0.439**. 3. ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎. 17.1. 3.8. 0.650**. 0.272**. 4. 䳬䷼㈧媦. 32.1. 5.9. 0.529**. 0.135*. 0.578**. 5. ΐ䎮㰢䫾. 56.4. 7.6. 0.269**. 0.413**. 0.205**. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 0.179**. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒埴丒墥ˤ姣烉*堐 p烋0.05炻**堐 p烋0.01. ήȃ࢈‫ۻ‬ᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈНۣಣᙒ՘࣐ϟኈ៫ġ 㟡㒂⇵㔯䘬䞼䨞姕妰炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ昶Ⰼ徜㬠↮䁢ℑᾳ㧉⺷炻䫔ᶨ昶Ⰼ⮯㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒㈽ℍ冒嬲枭炷㧉⺷ᶨ炸炻ℵ㓦ℍ㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏䁢冒嬲枭炷㧉⺷Ḵ炸炻ὅ嬲枭⇯ ↮⇍㈽ℍⶍἄ㺧シ⹎ˣ䳬䷼㈧媦ˣΐ䎮㰢䫾ˤ⎎⢾炻䓙㕤㛔䞼䨞㇨婧㞍ᷳ㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒ὪⰔ⎵佑嬲枭炻⛐忚埴徜㬠↮㜸ᷳ⇵炻䫮侭ḳ⃰⮯㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒嬲枭Ḱẍ嘃㒔 ⊾炻⤪㝄冒嬲枭䁢攻㕟嬲枭炷⎵佑嬲枭ㆾ㫉⸷嬲枭炸炻⛐㈽ℍ徜㬠㧉⺷㗪ㅱ⃰廱䁢 ˬ嘃㒔嬲枭˭炷dummy variable炸炻ẍἧ攻㕟嬲枭℟⁁忋临嬲枭䘬䈡⿏炻ℵ⮯廱⊾ ⼴䘬嘃㒔嬲枭䁢⣂⃫徜㬠ᷳ枸㷔嬲枭ᷳᶨ炷⏛㖶昮炻2011炸ˤ. Ʉ91Ʉ.

(20) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ȞΚȟ࢈‫ۻ‬ᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈϏձᅗཏ࡚ϟኈ៫ġ ⽆堐Ḽ↮㜸⼿䞍炻⛐㌺昌㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒⮵ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䘬⼙枧炻㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⮵ 㔯⭀ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎㚱㬋⎹䘬⼙枧ˤ㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒冯㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ℙ⎗妋慳㔯⭀ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䘬 49.2% 䘬嬲䔘慷炻⣂⃫䶂⿏徜㬠↮㜸㔜橼侫槿䘬 F ῤ䁢 13.434炷P烌0.000 烋0.001炸炻忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炻㧁㸾⊾徜㬠Ὢ㔠䘬 Beta ῤ䁢 0.668炻徜㬠Ὢ㔠栗叿⿏侫槿䘬 t ῤ䁢 14.391炷P烌0.000烋0.001炸炻忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炻䓙㕤 Beta ῤ䁢㬋炻堐䣢㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⮵㔯⭀ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䘬⼙枧䁢㬋⎹炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞`姕 1 䌚⼿嫱⮎ˤ. ȞΡȟ࢈‫ۻ‬ᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈಣᙒ‫ܜ‬ᒜϟኈ៫ġ ⽆堐Ḽ↮㜸⼿䞍炻⛐㌺昌㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒⮵䳬䷼㈧媦䘬⼙枧炻㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⮵㔯 ⭀䳬䷼㈧媦㚱㬋⎹䘬⼙枧ˤ㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒冯㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ℙ⎗妋慳㔯⭀䳬䷼㈧媦䘬 34.0% 䘬嬲䔘慷炻 ⣂ ⃫ 䶂⿏徜㬠 ↮ 㜸㔜橼侫槿䘬 F ῤ 䁢 7.149 炷 P 烌 0.000 烋 0.001炸炻忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炻㧁㸾⊾徜㬠Ὢ㔠䘬 Beta ῤ䁢 0.508炻徜㬠Ὢ㔠栗叿⿏侫槿䘬 t ῤ䁢 9.771炷P烌0.000烋0.001炸炻忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炻䓙㕤 Beta ῤ䁢㬋炻堐䣢㓧 ⹄借⟜曰⿏⮵㔯⭀䳬䷼㈧媦䘬⼙枧䁢㬋⎹炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞`姕 2 䌚⼿嫱⮎ˤ. Ȟήȟ࢈‫ۻ‬ᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈঘ౪‫๋؛‬ϟኈ៫ġ ⽆堐Ḽ↮㜸⼿䞍炻⛐㌺昌㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒⮵ΐ䎮㰢䫾䘬⼙枧炻㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⮵㔯 ⭀ΐ䎮㰢䫾㚱㬋⎹䘬⼙枧ˤ㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒冯㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏ℙ⎗妋慳㔯⭀ΐ䎮㰢䫾䘬 17.1% 䘬嬲䔘慷炻 ⣂ ⃫ 䶂⿏徜㬠 ↮ 㜸㔜橼侫槿䘬 F ῤ 䁢 2.856 炷 P 烌 0.000 烋 0.001炸炻忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炻㧁㸾⊾徜㬠Ὢ㔠䘬 Beta ῤ䁢 0.249炻徜㬠Ὢ㔠栗叿⿏侫槿䘬 t ῤ䁢 4.188炷P烌0.000烋0.001炸炻忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炻䓙㕤 Beta ῤ䁢㬋炻堐䣢㓧 ⹄借⟜曰⿏⮵㔯⭀ΐ䎮㰢䫾䘬⼙枧䁢㬋⎹炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞`姕 3 䌚⼿嫱⮎ˤ. Ʉ92Ʉ.

(21) -0.164 -2.427* -0.119. 朆ᷣ䭉借. --. 1.861*. --. 0.113炷0.052炸. -2.329*. -1.769. -0.954. 207.097**. 13.434**. 0.380. 0.492炷0.456炸. 0.668 14.391**. -0.070. 0.068. 0.837. -0.085. tῤ. 2.066*. 2.009*. 0.405. tῤ. -0.080. 0.159. 0.187. 0.052. Beta. -0.151. 0.517 9.771**. -0.009. tῤ. Beta. tῤ. 㧉⺷Ḵ. 0.704. 1.353. 0.042. 0.132. 0.369. 1.230. 0.011 --. 0.163. 0.420 0.249 4.188**. 0.027. -0.269 -2.746* -0.230 -2.405*. -0.221 -2.309* -0.178 -1.896. 0.083. 0.150. -0.135 -2.314* -0.122 -2.143*. Beta. 㧉⺷ᶨ. ΐ䎮㰢䫾. --. 1.867*. --. 95.466**. 7.149**. 0.227. --. 1.966*. --. 17.540**. 2.856**. 0.052. 0.113炷0.053炸 0.340炷0.293炸 0.118炷0.058炸 0.171炷0.111炸. --. -0.043 -0.640. -1.381. -0.959. 1.558. 1.947. 1.018. tῤ. 㧉⺷Ḵ. -0.199 -2.023* -0.118. -0.171 -1.778. 0.243. 0.223. 0.024. Beta. 㧉⺷ᶨ. 䳬䷼㈧媦. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒埴丒墥ˤ*堐 p烋0.05炻**堐 p烋0.01ˤ 姣烉㛔䞼䨞ᷳ㍏⇞嬲枭䘮䁢⎵佑嬲枭炻嘃㒔⊾⼴嬲枭⡆≈炻䁢⏰䎦䱦䯉䘬徜㬠䳸㝄炻㓭⁭㊹怠⮵ᶱ䳬ὅ嬲枭䘮忼栗叿㯜㸾䘬嘃㒔嬲枭ˤ. ːF ῤ. Fῤ. ːR. 2. R 炷婧㔜⼴ R 炸. 借⟜曰⿏ --. -0.237 -2.412* -0.132. 䞼䨞㇨ẍᶲ. 2. -0.187 -1.947. 0.006. ⣏⮰. 0.976. 0.115. 0.070. 51 㬚ẍᶲ. 1.056. -0.004. Beta. 㧉⺷Ḵ. 0.117. 冒嬲枭. 2. tῤ. -0.040 -0.678. Beta. 㧉⺷ᶨ. 41-50 㬚!. !!℞Ṿ⬿㔁ᾉẘ!. ㍏⇞嬲枭. 嬲枭. ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎. 堐Ḽ 㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⮵ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎ˣ䳬䷼㈧媦⍲ΐ䎮㰢䫾ᷳ⼙枧徜㬠↮㜸堐. Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. Ʉ93Ʉ.

(22) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. ήȃᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈಣᙒ՘࣐ϟኈ៫Ȉঐ΢᡺‫ܓ‬ձ࣐ϜϮᡑ໷ġ 㫚ἧ㛔䞼䨞㇨㫚妶婾䘬Ḽᾳ嬲枭炷⌛冒嬲枭ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭ˣὅ嬲枭ˬⶍἄ㺧シ ⹎˭ˣˬ䳬䷼㈧媦˭ˣˬΐ䎮㰢䫾˭⍲ᷕṳ嬲枭ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭炸╖䲼⊾炻㛔䞼䨞⃰ ẍ昶Ⰼ徜㬠䘬㕡⺷⮯㔯⭀➢㛔䈡岒䁢㍏⇞嬲枭ˤ 侴䁢Ḯ妋ᷕṳ嬲枭㗗⏎⮵㕤⍇㚱䘬冒ˣὅ嬲枭攻䘬斄Ὢ㚱⼙枧≃炻⽆怷廗ᶲἮ 婒炻䫔ᶨ㬍㚫⃰Ḯ妋⍇Ἦ冒ˣὅ嬲枭攻䘬斄Ὢ炻䫔Ḵ㬍ㇵ㗗⮯ᷕṳ嬲枭≈ℍ炻≈ℍ ᷳ⼴劍ᷕṳ嬲枭⍿⇘冒嬲枭⼙枧炻ᶼᷕṳ嬲枭⮵ὅ嬲枭Ṏ㚱⼙枧炻㬌㗪堐䣢ᷕṳ㓰㝄⬀⛐炻䫔ᶱ㬍⇯㗗⍣㭼庫⍇Ἦ䘬冒ˣὅ嬲枭攻䘬斄Ὢ炻⛐ṳℍ⼴䘬㔠ῤ䓊䓇䓂湤嬲⊾炻啱ẍḮ妋ᷕṳ嬲枭䓊䓇䘬㬋屈⼙枧⍲℞䦳⹎ˤ 侴㫚槿嫱ᶲ徘怷廗炻⛐䴙妰㕡㱽ᶲ䘬⏰䎦炻⽭枰㷔慷↢⸦䳬㔠㒂烉ᶨˣ冒嬲枭 ⮵ᷕṳ嬲枭䘬㓰㝄炷M1炸烊Ḵˣ冒嬲枭⮵ὅ嬲枭䘬㓰㝄炷M2炸烊ᶱˣ德忶徜㬠㧉 ✳炻㷔慷↢冒嬲枭冯ᷕṳ嬲枭⎴㗪⮵㕤ὅ嬲枭䘬㓰㝄炷M3炸炻⼿↢ᶲ徘⸦䳬㔠㒂⼴炻ℵ德忶怷廗㍐婾炻ἮḮ妋ᷕṳ嬲枭㗗⏎䓊䓇ἄ䓐ˤ䚠斄㔠㒂⍲㍐婾嫡婒㖶⤪ ᶳ烉. ȞΚȟ࢈‫ۻ‬ᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈϏձᅗཏ࡚ϟኈ៫ȈӶঐ΢᡺‫ܓ‬ձ࣐ϜϮᡑ໷ਣġ ⽆堐ℕᷕ⎗䚳↢烉炷1炸借⟜曰⿏⮵ᾳṢ曰⿏㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧炷Beta烌 0.455炻P烋0.001炸炷M1炸烊炷2炸借⟜曰⿏⮵ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧炷Beta 烌0.668炻P烋0.001炸炷M2炸烊炷3炸⮯借⟜曰⿏ˣᾳṢ曰⿏⎴㗪≈ℍ徜㬠㧉✳ᷕ炻䘤䎦ᾳṢ曰⿏⮵ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䘬⼙枧䃉栗叿䚠斄炷Beta烌0.004炻P烍0.05炸炻ᶼ借⟜ 曰⿏⮵ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎䘬栗叿㓰㝄ḇ㰺㚱旵Ỷ炷Beta烌0.666炻P烋0.001炸炷M3炸ˤ⚈ 㬌⎗Ḯ妋炻ᾳṢ曰⿏⮵借⟜曰⿏冯ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ᷎䃉ᷕṳ㓰㝄炻㛔䞼䨞` 姕 4 ㆸ䩳ˤ. ȞΡȟ࢈‫ۻ‬ᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈಣᙒ‫ܜ‬ᒜϟኈ៫ȈӶঐ΢᡺‫ܓ‬ձ࣐ϜϮᡑ໷ਣġ ⽆堐ℕᷕ⎗䚳↢烉炷1炸借⟜曰⿏⮵ᾳṢ曰⿏㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧炷Beta烌 0.455炻P烋0.001炸炷M1炸烊炷2炸借⟜曰⿏⮵䳬䷼㈧媦㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧炷Beta烌 0.517炻P烋0.001炸炷M4炸烊炷3炸⮯借⟜曰⿏ˣᾳṢ曰⿏⎴㗪≈ℍ徜㬠㧉✳ᷕ炻䘤䎦ᾳṢ曰⿏⮵䳬䷼㈧媦㚱栗叿䘬屈⎹⼙枧炷Beta烌-0.132炻P烋0.05炸炻ᶼ借⟜曰⿏ ⮵䳬䷼㈧媦䘬栗叿㓰㝄⍵侴㚜≈㍸⋯炷Beta烌0.577炻P烋0.001炸炷M5炸炻ḇ⯙㗗婒炻ᾳṢ曰⿏⮵借⟜曰⿏冯䳬䷼㈧媦ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ㚱ᷕṳ㓰㝄炻Ữ㭼庫⍵ⷠ䘬㗗炻ᾳ Ʉ94Ʉ.

(23) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. Ṣ曰⿏䓊䓇䘬ᷕṳ㓰㝄⛐㛔䞼䨞ᷕ⌣㗗屈朊䘬炻⍵侴㍐⋯Ḯ借⟜曰⿏⮵㕤䳬䷼㈧媦䘬㬋⎹⼙枧≃炻⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞`姕 5 ㆸ䩳ˤ. Ȟήȟ࢈‫ۻ‬ᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ᄈঘ౪‫๋؛‬ϟኈ៫ȈӶঐ΢᡺‫ܓ‬ձ࣐ϜϮᡑ໷ਣġ ⽆堐ℕᷕ⎗䚳↢烉炷1炸借⟜曰⿏⮵ᾳṢ曰⿏㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧炷Beta烌 0.455炻P烋0.001炸炷M1炸烊炷2炸借⟜曰⿏⮵ΐ䎮㰢䫾㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧炷Beta烌 0.249炻P烋0.001炸炷M6炸烊炷3炸⮯借⟜曰⿏ˣᾳṢ曰⿏⎴㗪≈ℍ徜㬠㧉✳ᷕ炻䘤䎦ᾳṢ曰⿏⮵ΐ䎮㰢䫾㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹⼙枧炷Beta烌0.324炻P烋0.001炸炻Ữ⌣ἧ借⟜ 曰⿏⮵ΐ䎮㰢䫾㰺㚱栗叿㓰㝄炷Beta烌0.101炻P烍0.05炸炷M7炸炻忁堐䣢ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬≈ℍ炻⬴ℐ⍾ẋḮ借⟜曰⿏⮵ΐ䎮㰢䫾䘬㓰㝄炻Ữ᷎㛒⚈㬌ἧ借⟜曰⿏⮵ΐ䎮㰢䫾䘬㓰㝄䓊䓇屈⎹⼙枧ˤ⚈㬌炻晾䃞㛔䞼䨞`姕 6 ᷎㛒ㆸ䩳炻Ữ⌣ḇ䘤䎦Ḯ炻⛐ᾳ Ṣ曰⿏䘬ᷕṳᶳ炻㚫ἧ借⟜曰⿏⼙枧ΐ䎮㰢䫾䘬㓰㝄⬴ℐ㴰昌炻ḇ⯙㗗婒炻劍㉥暊 ḮᾳṢ曰⿏炻℞⮎借⟜曰⿏⬴ℐᶵ⼙枧ΐ䎮㰢䫾ˤ 堐ℕ 㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏⮵㓧⹄借⟜曰⿏⼙枧㔯⭀䳬䷼埴䁢䘬ᷕṳ㓰㝄 ᾳṢ曰⿏炷M1炸㍏⇞嬲枭䃉⬿㔁ᾉẘ! -0.139* ℞Ṿ⬿㔁ᾉẘ! -0.022 41~45 㬚 0.182 51 㬚ẍᶲ 0.240* ⣏⮰ 0.041 䞼䨞㇨ẍᶲ -0.039 朆ᷣ䭉借 0.051 ⇵伖嬲枭借⟜曰⿏ 0.455** ᾳṢ曰⿏ R2 婧㔜⼴ R2 ːR2 Fῤ ːF. ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎ 炷M2炸炷M3炸. 䳬䷼㈧媦炷M4炸炷M5炸. ΐ䎮㰢䫾炷M6炸炷M7炸. -0.035 -0.040 0.117 0.115 -0.187 -0.237* -0.164*. 0.065 0.024 0.223* 0.243* -0.171 -0.199* -0.043. 0.073 -0.135* 0.150 0.083 -0.221* -0.269* 0.011. 0.003 -0.004 0.070 0.005 -0.070 -0.132 -0.119*. 0.076 0.049 0.211* 0.191 -0.075 -0.123 -0.002. 0.132* -0.115* 0.073 -0.036 -0.191* -0.217* 0.011. 0.668**. 0.666** 0.517** 0.577** 0.249** 0.101 0.004 -0.132* 0.324** 0.302 0.492 0.492 0.340 0.353 0.171 0.244 0.252 0.456 0.454 0.293 0.303 0.111 0.187 0.176 0.380 0.380 0.227 0.240 0.052 0.126 6.006** 13.434** 12.749** 7.149** 7.160** 2.856** 4.245** 69.806** 207.097** 103.180** 95.466** 51.062** 17.540** 22.943**. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ἄ侭冒埴丒墥ˤ*堐 p烋0.05炻**堐 p烋0.01 姣烉㛔䞼䨞ᷳ㍏⇞嬲枭䘮䁢⎵佑嬲枭炻嘃㒔⊾⼴嬲枭⡆≈炻䁢⏰䎦䱦䯉䘬徜㬠䳸㝄炻㓭⁭ ㊹怠⮵ᶱ䳬ὅ嬲枭䘮忼栗叿㯜㸾䘬嘃㒔嬲枭ˤ. Ʉ95Ʉ.

(24) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. Ӄȃः‫ึف‬౫І‫۾‬իଇ፤ Κȃᙜൠ᡺‫ܓ‬ਞңሰঐ΢᡺‫ܓ‬௪ࢋϟཧପġ ⇵㔯㚦㍸⇘炻忶⼨ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭䞼䨞ᷕ炻⎴㗪⊭㊔ḮˬᾳṢ曰⿏䘬⼘栗˭ẍ⍲ ˬ䳬䷼≇傥˭ℑᾳ朊⎹炻⚈侴忶⼨䞼䨞⏓㶟⛘槿嫱Ḯˬ借⟜曰⿏˭⛐媠⣂ˬ䳬䷼埴䁢˭䔞ᷕ䘬㬋⎹≇傥炻⌛ὧ㚱⬠侭娎叿⮯ᾳṢ曰⿏ἄ䁢婧䭨嬲枭炻Ữ⚈㷈䫱`⭂借 ⟜曰⿏⽭㗗㬋朊ἄ䓐炻⚈侴㛒傥⮵借⟜曰⿏䘬屈⎹≇傥㍸↢㩊槿炻侴㛔䞼䨞德忶⋨ 彐㔯⭀借⟜曰⿏冯ᾳṢ曰⿏ᷳ⼴炻傥⣈㚜䳘䶣⛘↮㜸ˬ曰⿏˭⛐䳬䷼埴䁢䔞ᷕ㇨䘤㎖䘬⎬䧖ἄ䓐ˤ ḇ⚈㛔䞼䨞傥⣈ἧ䎮婾⼨⇵㚜忚ᶨ㬍炻㇨ẍ⮵㕤㓧⹄Ṏ傥㍸↢㚜䳘䶣䘬䚠斄⺢嬘ˤ忶⼨䞼䨞⚈㶟䓐ḮℑᾳⰌ㫉䘬曰⿏㤪⾝炻⚈侴⛐㓧䫾⺢嬘㗪炻Ὣ忚ᾳṢシ佑徥 ⮳炷Fabry, 1980炸ˣ䴻槿橼ぇ炷Kolb, 1984炸ˣ冒ㆹ⍵䚩炷Lowery, 2005炸䫱炻Ἕ⎴ 䳬䷼Ⰼ㫉䘬㓗㊩⛀橼ˣ德忶₨⺷⁛忼₡ῤˣ⭋⁛䳬䷼㓭ḳ炷㛶ὲ忼ˣ湫㛅䚇炻 2010烉221炸䫱䫱炻⛯㗗䳬䷼䁢Ḯ㍸⋯㬋⎹埴䁢炻⎗⮎㕥㕤⒉ⶍᷳ㕡㱽ˤ䃞侴炻㛔䞼䨞⮎嫱䘤䎦炻ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭⮵ˬⶍἄ㺧シ⹎˭䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢ炻⸦᷶ᶵ⚈ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬ᷕṳ侴㚱⼙枧炻Ữˬ借⟜曰⿏˭⮵ˬ䳬䷼㈧媦˭⍇㚱䘬㚜檀䦳⹎䘬㓰㝄炻⌣ ⚈ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬ᷕṳ炻⚈侴⡻㈹Ḯ℞㓰㝄ˤỮ䚠⍵⛘炻ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭⮵ˬΐ䎮㰢䫾˭䘬㬋⎹㓰㝄炻⤪㝄⛐ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬ᷕṳᶳ炻忁ṃ㬋⎹䘬㓰㝄⯙⬴ℐ㴰⣙ˤ㎃ ⎍娙婒炻⛐⮎晃⟜➇ᷕ炻劍ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭㍒㕥䘬⮎埴炻᷎䃉㱽ⷞ≽ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭䘬㍸㖯炻⇯ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭傥ἧ⒉ⶍ㚱檀⹎䘬ⶍἄ㺧シ⹎炻䓂军䓊䓇朆ⷠ檀䘬䳬䷼㈧媦炻Ữ⌣ᶵ傥㍸⋯⒉ⶍˬΐ䎮㰢䫾˭䘬埴䁢ˤ 䃞侴炻㔯⭀ΐ䎮㰢䫾埴䁢炻⮵℔ℙ㓧䫾䘬➟埴ḳ斄慵⣏炻⚈㬌炻㚱ỽ㕡㱽⎗ẍ ㍸⋯㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏炻军斄慵天炻䃞侴炻㍸⋯ᾳṢ曰⿏䘬ㇳ㭝ᷕ炻⊭㊔∝ 崭崲炷Marques et al., 2007炸ˣ䥒ᾖˣ⍵⿅冯䥙⏲炷Milliman et al., 2003炸䫱炻劍朆檀⹎ ᾳṢ⿏炻ὧ㗗岎㚱㽫⍂䘬曰ᾖ刚⼑炻㓧⹄傥⏎炷ㆾㅱ⏎炸㍸ὃ栆Ụ䘬妻䶜ㆾ婚䦳炻䘬䡢⬀⛐䇕嬘炻⚈㬌㕡㟰⎗⮎㕥⏎炻⮯⍾㰢㕤℞䳘䶣␐ℐ⹎ˤ媠⤪ˬ㳦㕗媦㕗䈡柀凒⛀橼埴≽˭炷Paternoster pilot group initiative炸䘬⮎㕥䴻槿炻6 悥⶚䘣ᶲ℔ℙ埴㓧 6. ╔㱣❶⣏⬠䘬䤆⬠ᷕ⽫⛐ 1990 ⸜ẋ䘤崟烦oodstock ⓮㤕婾⡯炻怨普慵天䘬⓮㤕柀堾忚埴 ⛀橼妶婾炻慵溆㗗⤪ỽ德忶➢䜋㔁ᾉẘἮ⺽⮶⓮㤕ΐ䎮ˤ娚婾⡯▋⼴㺼嬲↢ˬ㳦㕗媦㕗. Ʉ96Ʉ.

(25) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. 慵天⬠埻↲䈑炷Collins & Kakabadse, 2006炸炻㓧⹄Ṣḳ悐攨ㅱ攳⥳吸普ㆸ≇婚䦳㟰 ἳ炻ὃ㛒Ἦ㕥㓧⍫侫ˤょ劍㓧⹄ᶵ㍸ὃᾳṢ曰⿏ㆸ攟㨇⇞炻䓙⢾悐⺽忚℟檀⹎ᾳṢ 曰⿏ᷳ㔯⭀炻ỤṎ䁢⎗埴ᷳ㕡㱽炻ょ⤪⇵㔯㇨妨炻ᾳṢ曰⿏慵⛐ˬ冒ㆹ崭崲˭炻䚠庫㕤℞Ṿ⽫䎮傥≃炷媠⤪烉㘢傥ˣね䵺㘢⓮䫱炸炻㚜≈暋ẍ㷔慷炻晾䃞⬠䓴⶚䘤⯽ ↢㝸ṃ㷔慷ˬ曰⿏⓮㔠˭炷spiritual quotient炸ᷳ慷堐炷King & Decicco, 2009; Tirri, Nokelainen, & Ubani, 2006炸炻ょ⤪ỽ姕妰↢怑⎰ㆹ⚳㔯⭀曰⿏㷔槿慷堐炻Ṏ枰㓧⹄ 枸䁢ᷳ媨ˤ. Ρȃᙜൠ᡺‫ޠܓ‬ᚗ८μਞ‫ݏ‬ІНۣᆔ౪೤ጓϟ೪ॏġ 㖊䃞㛔㔯嫱⮎Ḯ㓧⹄ℏ悐㔯⭀㚱℞曰⿏暨㯪炻䳬䷼埴䁢Ṏ⍿曰⿏⼙枧炻⚈㬌炻 ⌛ὧ㓧⹄㫚性⃵㓧㔁斄Ὢ䇕嬘炻⇣シ徜性㝸ṃẩ⚾德忶曰⿏㍒㕥Ἦ⼙枧䳬䷼埴䁢䘬⺢嬘炻Ữṵ枰旚䭬⇵㔯㇨㍸⍲ˬ曰⿏㑵㍏˭冯ˬ⻟従㓡⬿˭䘬ΐ䎮⓷柴ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻㨇斄ᷣ䭉ᷣ≽⟹忈借⟜曰⿏䘬㯃⚵炻劍傥枮⇑⺽䘤㔯⭀冒ㆹ崭崲䘬ᾳṢ曰⿏炷ㆾ㔯⭀㛔幓ὧ℟㚱ᾳṢ曰⿏炸炻⇯娚㔯⭀䘬ΐ䎮㰢䫾⮯Ḱ⻟⊾炻Ữ㚱⎗傥⚈㬌旵 Ỷ䳬䷼㈧媦ˤ⍵ᷳ炻㨇斄ᷣ䭉ᷣ≽⟹忈借⟜曰⿏䘬㯃⚵炻劍䃉㱽⺽䘤㔯⭀冒ㆹ崭崲䘬ᾳṢ曰⿏炷℞㛔幓Ṏᶵ℟ᾳṢ曰⿏炸炻⇯娚㔯⭀晾䃞⮵䳬䷼㈧媦㍸檀炻Ữ㚫ἧ℞ 㰢䫾ᶵℵ℟㚱ΐ䎮侫慷炻侴忁ὧ㚱⎗傥忈ㆸ普橼䚚⿅ˤ䓙㬌⎗夳炻ᷣ䭉⮵㕤借⟜曰⿏㍒㕥䘬⮎㕥炻⛐䳬䷼㈧媦⍲ΐ䎮㰢䫾ℑ侭攻炻⮯䓊䓇暁朊↫㓰㝄ˤ ⚈侴炻ᷣ䭉䁢Ḯ㍸⋯䳬䷼㈧媦炻㗗⏎㚱炷ㆾ㚱⣂⮹炸㪲旸傥⣈德忶⭋⁛曰⿏ᷣ ⻝Ἦ忼ㆸ烎㓧⹄㗗⏎㚱炷ㆾ㚱⣂⮹炸㪲旸傥旸⇞ᾳṢ曰⿏ᾉẘ烎ᶲ徘⓷柴炻⺢嬘㓧 ⹄Ụ⎗⍫侫℞Ṿ⃰忚⚳⭞ᷳἄ㱽炻⛐䚠斄Ṣḳ夷䭬ᷕḰẍ䳘䶣⛘夷䭬ˤ. ήȃНۣ‫ق‬ಜϜ‫ޠ‬ȶϛᇮȷ‫ܐ‬Ω༅ઢ་Ӫġ ⬠侭㚦忚埴㔯⭀曰⿏婧㞍⼴䘤䎦炻ㆹ⚳㔯⭀⛐ˬ冯䤆䘬斄倗⿏˭ᶲ炻⯌℞⛐ ˬ䚠ᾉ䤆㖶ㆾᶲⷅ䘬䦳⹎˭ᶲ㷔慷㇨⼿㔠ῤ⼰Ỷ炻᷎ᶼ⮎嫱䘤䎦炻ˬ冯䤆䘬斄倗⿏˭㥳朊炻᷎ᶵ㚫⼙枧䳬䷼䘬䷦㓰炷㛶ὲ忼ˣ湫㛅䚇炻2010烉211炸炻忁ṃ䞼䨞Ụ ᷶䘤䎦⛐⼙枧㔯⭀䳬䷼埴䁢ᶲ炻⬿㔁␴曰⿏㚱ᶵ⎴䘬㓰㝄炻⮵㬌炻ℑỵἄ侭⛐⎎ᶨ 䈡柀凒⛀橼埴≽˭炻德忶⭂㛇倂㚫ˣ⚢⭂䘬₨⺷炷⊭㊔䣰䥙ˣ⚆゛ἧ␥⭋妨ˣ䴻㔯⮶ 嬨炸ẍ⍲䈡⭂嬘柴䘬妶婾炷⤪ỽ㓡┬ᶾ䓴ᶲ䘬屏䩖ˣ曰⿏柀⮶ˣ∝忈橼䎦➢䜋₡ῤ䘬℔ ⎠ ˣ ⻟ ⊾ ⓮ 㤕 ΐ 䎮炸䫱炻㚱㓰 ⛘ ㍸ ⋯ ℔ ⎠ 䘬㬋 ⎹ 忳 ἄ ˤ 䚠斄 ℏ ⭡ 婳夳 Collins 冯 Kakabadse炷2006炸ˤ Ʉ97Ʉ.

(26) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΎය ҇103ԃ9Д. 䭯㔯䪈ᷕ䋄㷔炻忁⎗傥㗗⚈䁢⭀⟜㔯⊾ᷕᶨ⎹㚱ˬ⫸ᶵ婆⿒≃Ḫ䤆˭ᷳ䤩⽴炷湫㛅䚇ˣ㛶ὲ忼炻2011炸炻侴忁䋄㷔⛐㛔䞼䨞ᷕỤ⼿⇘忚ᶨ㬍䘬⮎嫱炻⛐㛔䞼䨞ᷕ炻 ˬ㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏˭嬲枭ᷕ䘬ˬ崭≃慷忋䳸˭㥳朊炻℞⮎㇨㫚㷔慷侭炻⌛㗗ˬ冯䤆䘬斄倗⿏˭炻ょ⚈℞䓐婆⇣シ性⃵ˬ䤆㖶˭冯ˬᶲⷅ˭⫿䛤炻㓭㇨㷔⼿↮㔠ὧ㚱㓰㍸檀炷5 柴⸛⛯䁢 3.692 ↮炸炻᷎ᶼ䴻㛔䞼䨞⮎嫱䘤䎦炻劍⮯㔯⭀ΐ䎮㰢䫾ἄ䁢ὅ嬲枭伖ℍ炻⇯℞⍿ᾳṢ曰⿏嬲枭⼙枧䓂懭炻⚈侴⎗⼿ᷳ炻㇨媪ˬᶵ婆⿒≃Ḫ䤆˭炻℞ ᷕ䘬ˬᶵ婆˭炻㗗ˬᶵ婆˭⬿㔁炻侴朆ˬᶵ婆˭曰⿏ˤ 栗䃞⛘炻⽆⮎嫱䞼䨞ᷕ炻ˬ⬿㔁˭冯ˬ曰⿏˭䘬娆⼁䘬忳䓐炻㚫⮵䳸㝄䓊䓇卓 ⣏䘬ⶖ䔘炻䃞侴炻劍⽆㤪⾝ᶲ侴妨炻⬿㔁冯曰⿏ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻᷎朆⤪㬌㇒䃞∫↮炻 ⚈㬌炻䫮侭娵䁢炻㛒Ἦ㫚㷔慷栆Ụ⬠埻㤪⾝炷⤪曰⿏炸炻⽭枰㕇惴怠㑯怑䔞䘬䓐婆炻⏎⇯劍姕妰↢仢᷷㓰⹎䘬慷堐炻℞㷔慷䳸㝄⎗傥䓊䓇拗婌䘬妋慳ˤẍ㛔䞼䨞䁢 ἳ炻ᾳṢ曰⿏慷堐ᷕ⮯⬿㔁⫿䛤䦵ἄ廱⊾炻㇨㷔⼿䳸㝄ὧ庫傥婒㖶⮎㱩ˤ. ѳȃࡤ៊ः‫࡛ف‬ឋġ 㛔㔯㚨⇅⛐⭂ỵᶲὧ⇣シ⮯ˬ⬿㔁˭冯ˬ曰⿏˭忚埴⋨昼炻⁭妶婾曰⿏⮵䳬䷼ 埴䁢ᷳ⼙枧炻侴⛐䴙妰䳸㝄ᶲ炻ḇ䡢⮎䘤䎦Ḯˬ⬿㔁˭冯ˬ借⟜曰⿏˭᷎䃉䚠斄⿏炻㬌⢾炻䫮侭Ṏ㕤⇵㔯婯⇘炻⽆忶⼨䘬⓷⌟婧㞍ᷕ䘤䎦炻㔯⭀㚱⇣シ徜性⬿㔁⫿ 䛤䘬ン⹎炻ᶲ徘ḳ⮎悥⛐⛐栗䣢炻ℑ㤪⾝ᷳ攻䘬䡢㚱ᶨṃⶖ嶅ˤỮ劍㒂㬌ὧ㕟⭂㔯 ⭀⮵⬿㔁㘖念㉙㊩屈朊ン⹎炻ㆾ侭⬿㔁ᶵ㚫⮵䳬䷼埴䁢䓊䓇㓰㝄炻Ṏ忶㕤㬎㕟炻⼴临䞼䨞侭Ụ⎗䓙㬌↢䘤炻忚埴㚜㶙ℍ䘬㍊䳊ˤ 㬌⢾炻㛔㔯枰嗽䎮Ữ㛒傥嗽䎮䘬⓷柴㗗炻㛔䞼䨞晾䃞⻟婧ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭檀Ỷ⮵ 㕤ˬΐ䎮㰢䫾˭檀Ỷ㚫忈ㆸ⼙枧炻䃞侴忁䔊䪇⁭㗗⼙枧ˬ慷˭䘬㍷徘炻仢᷷ᾳṢ曰⿏⮵ᶵ⎴ˬΐ䎮₡ῤ˭䘬奨⮇ˤ⚈䁢⛐㛔䞼䨞䔞ᷕ炻䓐ẍ㷔慷ˬᾳṢ曰⿏˭冯ˬΐ 䎮㰢䫾˭䘬慷堐炻㇨㷔慷䘬⛯Ὢˬ忶䦳˭㤪⾝䘬慷炻⇵侭⻟婧䘬㗗ᾳṢ傥⣈ˬ崭崲冒幓⇑䙲˭炻侴廱⎹徥⮳ˬ佌ㆹ忋䳸˭ˣˬ叔䈑䘬忋䳸˭冯ˬ崭冒䃞忋䳸˭傥≃䘬䦳⹎炻侴⼴侭⇯㗗ᾳṢ⛐㰢䫾忶䦳ᷕ炻㗗⏎㚫⮯ˬΐ䎮˭侫ㄖἄ䁢㰢䫾䘬㧁㸾ˤ⛐ 大㕡䘬䞼䨞ᷕ炻⶚䴻徸㻠娎叿妋攳㬌ᶨ媶⛀炻ἳ⤪烉Hart 冯 Brady炷2005炸⇯⮯ᾳ Ṣ曰⿏ẍᶱ䧖ᶵ⎴䘬╣尉Ἦ↮⇍堐䣢曰⿏㇨⻟婧䘬ᶱ䧖ᶵ⎴䘬₡ῤ炻⊭㊔烉ẍˬ曰櫪˭炷anima炸Ἦ晙╣曰⿏ᷕ䘬䓇␥傥慷ˣẍˬ侩Ṣ㘢侭˭炷wise old man炸Ἦ晙╣ 曰⿏ᷕ䘬䦑⸷㘢ㄏ炻ẍ⍲ẍˬ昘⼙˭炷shadow炸Ἦ晙╣曰⿏ᷕ䘬┬ら⮵䩳烊侴 Giacalone 冯 Jurkiewicz炷2003b炸㚜德忶⮎嫱婧㞍䘤䎦炻℟檀曰⿏䘬借⒉炻⮵㝸栆. Ʉ98Ʉ.

(27) Ȩᆪᖂ௱धȩ‫܈‬ȨᔲҔᡫ‫܄‬ȩǻᙍ൑ᡫ‫܄‬ቹៜಔᙃՉࣁϐჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ȋаЎ‫۔‬ᡫ‫ࣁ܄‬ύϟᡂ໨!. ✳ᶵΐ䎮埴䁢炷⤪嶐⚳⓮⑩䓇䓊㧁㸾ᶵᶨ农炸䘬⍕らデ㚫檀㕤℞Ṿ栆✳䘬ᶵΐ䎮埴䁢炷ἧ䓐䚄䇰庇橼炸烊㬌⢾炻Gotsis 冯 Kortezi炷2008炸Ṏ德忶⮎嫱䘤䎦炻曰⿏₡ῤ 檀䘬借⒉㇨⁦⎹㕤娵⎴㝸ṃ㰢䫾₡ῤ炷佑⊁婾炸侴朆℞Ṿ䘬₡ῤ炷㓰䓐婾炸ˤ 㛒Ἦ䞼䨞劍傥⯙㬌嬘柴忚埴㶙ℍ䞼䨞炻⮯傥⣈㚜䱦䡢⛘枸㷔㍸⋯㔯⭀曰⿏⎗傥忈ㆸ䘬⼴临ᶵΐ䎮㰢䫾埴䁢炻⯌℞㗗㴱⍲⻙⊊侭㓧䫾䘬ΐ䎮⇌㕟炻ἳ⤪烉㔯⭀ᾳṢ 曰⿏庫檀侭炻㚫⏎㚱ᶵ栏㱽Ẍ旸⇞炻➟シ⡆≈䣦㚫䤷⇑䘬⁦⎹烎㔯⭀ᾳṢ曰⿏庫檀侭炻㚫⏎㚱⇣シ㚜♜㟤➟埴䦣㮹㱽夷䘬⁦⎹烎䫱䫱䘬⓷柴炻⤪㬌⮯傥⣈⮵㔯⭀䭉䎮 ⇞⹎㍸↢㚜䳘䶣䘬⺢嬘ˤ 㬌⢾炻㛔䞼䨞㇨㍸⇘䘬⛐ㆹ⚳埴㓧Ṣ⒉幓ᶲ㇨䘤䎦䘬暁朊↫㓰㝄炻㗗㤝䁢䈡㬲䘬䎦尉炻㗗⏎㚱嶐㔯⊾⍲䳸㥳䘬䴻槿䎦尉炻⯂⼭槿嫱ˤ冱ἳ侴妨炻㜙㕡䘬普橼ᷣ佑 ⭡㖻ẍˬ⸛堉˭ˣˬ␴媏˭ἄ䁢曰⿏䱦䤆䘬Ἦ㸸炻㬌䃉䔹␴大㕡ᾳṢᷣ佑ᷕ炻慵夾 ᾳ橼䎮⿏⮑ヶ⍵䚩䘬㔯⊾䲣䴉ᶵ⎴烊㬌⢾炻℔悐攨䘬㓧㱣ḳ⊁炻℞ᾳṢΐ䎮⇌㕟㴱 ℍ䦳⹎炻䃉䔹庫䷦㓰⮶⎹䘬䥩悐攨㚜檀烊⛐ẍᶲ䧖䧖ᶵ⎴䘬㔯⊾ね⠫ᷕ炻暁朊↫㓰㝄㗗⏎㚫炷⍲⤪ỽ炸䘤䓇炻䘤䓇ᷳ⼴ㅱ⤪ỽ妋㰢烎⛯⯂⼭⼴临䞼䨞侭忚埴妋媶ˤ. ୥Մਫҭ ϜНਫҭġ Butler, D.炷2011炸ˤ䲵䦭Ṣ屯≑℔⊁⒉⍫≈ἃ㔁桐㟤䘬㷃⡻婚䦳炻2014 ⸜ 3 㚰 21 㖍炻⍾冒烉http://goo.gl/RNIfFmˤ ⏛⬿ㅚ炷2012炸ˤ冢⋿ⶪ㓧⹄㔯⭀℔ℙ㚵⊁≽㨇冯ⶍἄ㺧シˣⶍἄ≒≃シ栀ᷳ⮎嫱䞼䨞ȹẍᾳṢɬ䳬䷼惵怑⹎ἄ䁢婧䭨嬲枭ˤ࢈τ՘࢈Ᏹൣ炻43炻91-126ˤ ⏛㖶昮炷2011炸ˤSPSS 䴙妰ㅱ䓐⬠佺⮎⊁ˤ冢⊿烉㖻佺↢䇰䣦ˤ 㛶ὲ忼炷2011 ⸜ 5 㚰炸ˤණЁϵഌߟಣᙒᆡઢΩϟः‫ف‬ˤ2011 ⸜冢䀋℔ℙ埴㓧冯 ℔ℙḳ⊁䲣㇨倗⎰㚫⸜㚫㙐ˬ⺢⚳ᶨ䘦⸜℔ℙḳ⊁䘬⚆栏冯⯽㛃˭⚳晃⬠ 埻䞼妶㚫炻冢⊿ˤ 㛶ὲ忼ˣ湫㛅䚇炷2010炸ˤ䳬䷼䱦䤆≃冯ⶍἄ䷦㓰ᷳ䞼䨞烉ẍ冢⊿ⶪ㓧⹄ᷕ檀昶㔯 ⭀䁢ἳˤ‫ݾ࢈֕ݎ‬Ᏹൣ炻28炷3炸炻187-233ˤ 㜄㖶⊛炷2003炸ˤ婯䱦䤆≃ˤៗ౪ᚖᇭ炻50炷1炸炻81-85ˤ 㜿䪹炷2000炸ˤ䱦䤆≃䄏嬟冯Ṣ⿏斄㆟ˤᄹᖃៗ౪炻17炷2炸炻153-157ˤ. Ʉ99Ʉ.

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