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國立台中教育大學九十五學年度研究所碩士班招生考試
輔導原理 科試題
一、選擇題（共 10 題，每題 2%，共計 20%）
1. Satir would have been least likely to borrow therapy techniques from which approach? (A) Gestalt therapy
(B) Psychodrama (C) Behavior therapy
(D) Person-centered therapy (E) Communication models
2. Triangles in family relationships can best be explained by which factor? (A) reducing anxiety and emotional tension in relationships
(B) a method of disengagement (C) a method of becoming enmeshed (D) an attempt to develop intimacy (E) both (C) and (D).
3. Personal therapy for therapists can be instrumental in assisting them: (A) to heal their own psychological wounds.
(B) to gain an experiential sense of what it is like to be a client.
(C) to understand their own needs and motives for choosing to become professional helpers. (D) to work through their own personal conflicts.
(E) all of the above
4. Confidentiality can be considered as:
(A) an absolute that guarantees clients that their disclosures will never be revealed. (B) central to developing trust in the therapeutic relationship.
(C) both an ethical and a legal issue.
(D) something that is regulated by professional judgment. (E) all but (A)
5. The techniques of psychoanalytic therapy are aimed at: (A) fostering insights into the client’s behavior.
(B) helping clients to resolve their competitive strivings with their siblings. (C) teaching people social skills such as assertive behavior.
(D) helping clients see how their thinking leads to certain emotional and behavioral patterns.
(E) all of the above
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6. The process of encouragement in Adlerian counseling includes: (A) helping clients use all their resources.
(B) transforming traits that can be liabilities into assets.
(C) helping clients recognize and accept their positive qualities. (D) all of the above
(E) all but (B)
7. Expanding awareness is:
(A) a basic goal of existential therapy. (B) possible only with a few clients.
(C) not given emphasis in existential therapy.
(D) not possible because of our unconscious resistance. (E) none of the above
8. According to the Gestalt view,
(A) awareness is by itself therapeutic.
(B) awareness is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for change. (C) awareness without specific behavioral change is useless
(D) awareness consists of understanding the causes of one’s problems. (E) all of the above.
9. A limitation of behavior therapy is
(A) its lack of research to evaluate the effectiveness of techniques (B) its deemphasis on the role of feelings in therapy
(C) its lack of clear concepts on which to base practice
(D) its lack of attention paid to a good client/therapist relationship (E) its overemphasis on early childhood experiences
10. Reality therapy rests on the central idea that:
(A) thinking largely determines how we feel and behave.
(B) we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel. (C) environmental factors largely control what we are doing.
(D) the way to change dysfunctional behavior is to reexperience a situation in which we originally became psychologically stuck.
(E) all of the above
二、何謂「諮商關係」？如何建立？（20%） 請以下列案例說明上述兩項問題 ㄧ位已婚的婦女告訴諮商員，她已結婚十年，育有一對兒女，婚姻還算美滿。不久 前，先生坦白告訴她，他是一位同志，現與一位同志密切交往，懇求太太能成全他追求 幸福。諮商員邀請她的先生同來，先生答應了，在晤談室的第一句話就問諮商員：「你了 解我多少？」之後手插於胸前，ㄧ付不屑的眼神。
3 三、解釋名詞與諮商技術實作（共 3 題，共計 20%） a. 閱讀下列情境後，試以適當的技術反應，並請說明其使用時機與目的。（10%） 當事人：「我多麼渴望家人能諒解我，其實一年多沒有工作我也很著急，我知道 家裡的生活費用需要我幫忙，可是目前社會上工作不好找，我每次碰壁 也失望透了，他們對工作者的要求都很高，但是我的學歷與專業又不怎 麼樣，看來根本沒有什麼適合的工作我能做，我該怎麼辦呢？」 諮商師反應：
b.「設限與妥協」（circumscription and compromise）（5%） c.「世界觀之概化」（generalization about the world ）（5%）
四、解釋名詞（共 4 題，每題 5%，共計 20%）
請說明下列核心概念名詞是屬於哪個諮商理論學派？創始者為何？並敘明主要內涵 a. 卡普曼戲劇三角形（Karpman Drama Triangle）
b. 夢的工作（dream work）
c. BCP 模式（Behavior-control-perceptions Model） d. 家庭雕塑（family sculpting）
五、以中文翻譯下列的短文（20%）
Previous studies have reported, but not explained, the reason for a robust association between reading achievement and antisocial behavior. This association was investigated using the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative 1994-1995 birth cohort of 5- and 7-year-olds. Results showed that the association resulted primarily from environmental factors common to both reading and antisocial behavior and was stronger in boys. Environmental factors also explained the relation between reading disability and conduct disorder. For boys the best explanation was a reciprocal causation model: poor reading led to antisocial behavior, and vice versa. In contrast, the relation between achievement and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was best explained by common genetic influences.
Resource: Trzensneiwski, K. H., Moffitt, T. E., Capsi, A., Taylor, A., & Maughan, B. (2006). Revisiting the association between achievement and antisocial behavior: New evidence of an environmental explanation from a twin study. Child Development, 77(1), 72-88.
