臺中市國小特教教師對新修訂特殊教育課程綱要認知與態度之研究

全文

(1)୯ҥᆵύ௲‫ػ‬εᏢ௲‫ػ‬Ꮲ‫س‬ፐำᆶ௲Ꮲᅺγ੤ፕЎ. ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻླྀሌᑫ റγ. ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥঅु੝ਸ௲ ‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐࣴ‫ز‬. ࣴ‫ز‬ғǺෞ൤∸ ኗ. ύ๮҇୯ 102 ԃ 5 Д.

(2)

(3) ᖴᜏ! Ȩ࣬೹΋‫ـ‬ϼццǴਠϣᕷ޸൳ࡋआǶᐚፉதӸሲფ္Ǵుৱ҉‫ךד‬ЈύǶȩ πђၰᓪෞৣৱᜤ‫ב‬ρΖ໦ऩค॥Ǵবૈ໦ၯѤੇǹങऩคНǴবૈ஽ၯԾӧǶ! २Ӄ၈ኑ‫ޑ‬གᖴࡰᏤ௲௤ླྀሌᑫറγǴவᆶᏢғ૸ፕᒧᚒ‫ډ‬ၗ਑ᇆ໣Ǵ߃ය ፕЎ‫ޑ‬ගᆜǴύයፕЎ‫ޑ‬ኗቪǴࡕයፕЎ‫ޑ‬অፓ฻Ӛঁᕉ࿯ǴΏԿ‫ܭ‬ፐ୸ΠፕЎ ቪբ‫מ‬ѯ‫܈‬಍ीБ‫ݤ‬௦Ҕᆶϩ‫݋‬Ǵ೿ࢂൻൻ๓ᇨǵόս๏ϒࡰᏤǴԶᝄᙣ‫ݯޑ‬Ꮲ ᄊࡋ‫ک‬ᆒ੻‫؃‬ᆒ‫زࣴޑ‬բ॥ǴᡣᏢғᕇ੻ঘభǴ࣬ߞࢂҁጇፕЎளаӵԜِೲб ఌ‫ޑ‬ЬाԋӢǶ! ੝ձགᖴ‫ٿ‬Տα၂‫ہ‬঩Ǵ΋Տࢂᆵύ௲‫ػ‬εᏢ੝௲Ꮲ‫سس‬ЬҺࢫᄪྣ௲௤Ǵ ќ΋Տ߾ࢂᄆϯৣጄεᏢ੝௲Ꮲ‫سس‬ЬҺ஭ܹ᜻௲௤Ǵҗ‫ٿܭ‬Տৣߏᆒ៘‫ࡌޑ‬᝼ ᆶࡰᏤǴ٬ளҁጇፕЎૈ୼‫׳‬ᑪᝄᙣᆶֹ᏾ǶќѦǴ‫܍‬ᆾҁਠ௲‫ػ‬Ꮲ‫ޑॺߏৣس‬ ྣ៝ᆶගឫǴӆԛҗ૱‫ޑ‬གᖴாॺǶԶ‫س‬ᒤ᜽Ў‫ޑۊ‬ႴᓰᆶᔅԆǴΨதᡣ൤∸७ གᆂЈǶ!! Ӏ഍૞बǴӣ៝೭٤ВηǴፏՏӕᏢǵᏢ‫ޑۂ׌‬Ӆӕઉ᝝ᆶᔅԆǴ΋ၡ΢Ԗ գȐ‫ی‬ȑॺ‫ޑ‬ഉՔǴᡣόൽϐԃωӆࡋᏼҺࣴ‫ز‬ғ‫ךޑ‬Ǵғࢲᡂள‫׳‬кჴԶӭறǶ གᖴᙦচ୯λ‫ޑ‬੝௲უՔॺǴЀ‫ۓࢂځ‬୯ಔߏᆶ‫ࠆك‬ЬҺǴ൩ᡣ΋Ϫᅰӧό‫ق‬ύ փǼ྽ฅӃғખ჏ӧङࡕ‫ޑ‬ᓨᓨЍ࡭‫߻ךࢂ׳‬຾‫୏ޑ‬ΚǴؒԖд‫ޑ‬ᡏፊᆶх৒Ǵ ࣬ߞ೭ 711 ӭϺ‫ޑ‬ғࢲǴஒ཮ࢂࡐό΋ኬ‫ޑ‬ӀඳǶനࡕǴᙣаԜЎǴ᝘๏‫ޑך‬ᚈ ᒃǴགᖴ೭ࢤਔВாค࡜ค৷‫ޑ‬брǴζ‫ٽ‬όॄයఈஒ‫ڗ‬ளᏢՏǶ! ࠄ॥ᇸᇸ֌ଌǴ࣬ᆫਔӀццǴΞ‫ډ‬Αስ୉޸໒‫ۑޑ‬࿯Ǵϩᚆࢂ௃གᏉᆫ‫ޑ‬ ໒‫ۈ‬ǴᚆձࢂٰВ࣬ᆫ‫ޑ‬ଆᗺǴᇸᇸᇥᖂӆ཮Ǵ೭ኬ‫ޑ‬ऊ‫҉ۓ‬ᇻ๏‫਻߿ך‬Ƕ!. !ෞ൤∸!ᙣᇞ 213/16/17!.

(4) ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ ፐำᆜाᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐࣴ‫ز‬. ᄔा! ҁࣴ‫ز‬ԑӧ௖‫ز‬୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाȐаΠᙁᆀཥፐᆜȑ ϐᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋǶࣴ‫ޣز‬аԾጓୢ‫ࣁڔ‬ፓࢗπ‫ڀ‬Ǵଞჹᆵύѱ 785 Տ୯λ੝௲௲ৣ ຾ՉදࢗǴԌନႣ၂ 285 ҽࡕǴ҅Ԅୢ‫ ڔ‬611 ҽǴӣԏ 4:5 ҽǴӢ҂ֹӄӣԏǴ ৮Ԗж߄‫܄‬ό‫ى‬ϐဤǴၱ௦Ҕ಍ीБ‫ݤ‬Ԗᐱҥኬҁ u Եᡍǵୗඁ੝ѭ V ࠠԵᡍǵ ൂӢηᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᆶҜᅟᇽᑈৡ࣬ᜢ಍ीϩ‫݋‬ǴᕇठӵΠ่ፕǺ! ΋ǵ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫ࣁ׎‬ද೯Ƕ! Βǵ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᄊࡋ໼ӛࣁᢀఈǶ! Οǵ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬Ǵӧ‫܄‬ձǵനଯᏢᐕǵ௲ৣ‫ي‬ϩၗ਱ǵ੝௲ᜪ! !!!!ձǵ‫ي‬Јምᛖᜪ੤ձǵၗ፟ᓬ౦ᜪ੤ձǵ၂ᒤᏢਠᆶց‫ک‬ᏢਠӦ୔ᡂ໨ϐ೽! !!!!ϩቫय़Ԗᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ! Ѥǵ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᄊࡋ໼ӛǴӧനଯᏢᐕǵ௲ৣ‫ي‬ϩၗ਱ǵ੝௲ᜪձǵ‫!ي‬ !!!!Јምᛖᜪ੤ձǵ၂ᒤᏢਠᆶց‫ک‬ᏢਠӦ୔ᡂ໨ϐ೽ϩቫय़Ԗᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ! ϖǵ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐ᏾ᡏᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶ᏾ᡏᄊࡋև҅࣬ᜢǴЪӧ೽ϩᇡ‫ޕ‬ϩໆ߄ᆶ! !!!!೽ҽᄊࡋϩໆ߄և҅࣬ᜢǶ! Ϥǵຬၸ 61ʘ੝௲௲ৣᇡࣁჴࡼཥፐᆜёૈय़ᖏϐ֚ᜤᆶሡ‫؃‬ӵΠǺ Ȑ΋ȑёૈ཮ၶ‫ޑډ‬ୢᚒԖȨόӕ‫ޑ‬Ꮲࣽሦୱ໔όܰ಍᏾ȩ ǵ Ȩ࠹Ꮴό‫ى‬ȩ ǵ Ȩલ Ю஑ৎᏢ‫ޑޣ‬஑཰ࡰᏤȩ‫ک‬ȨᏢਠ‫ޑ‬ՉࡹЍජό‫ى‬ȩ Ƕ ȐΒȑനॐϪሡाග‫ޑٮ‬໨ҞࣁȨӚᏢಞሦୱፐำ೛ीጄ‫ٯ‬ȩ ǵ Ȩጓ‫ڋ‬௲ৣჴ୍ Ћнȩ‫ک‬Ȩᒤ౛ਠϣѦ௲ৣ຾অࣴಞȩ Ƕ ȐΟȑᑼΕന֚ᜤሦୱࣁȨԾฅᆶࣽ‫מ‬ሦୱȩ Ƕ ȐѤȑᑼΕന֚ᜤ᝼ᚒࣁȨ୯ሞ௲‫ػ‬ȩᆶȨੇࢩ௲‫ػ‬ȩ᝼ᚒǶ I.

(5) Ȑϖȑཥፐᆜᆛઠᔈቚу໨ҞࣁȨᓬ‫ؼ‬௲Ꮲ೛ीБਢ‫܈‬ጄ‫ٯ‬ȩ ǵ ȨӚሦୱ࣬ᜢፐ ำ‫ޑ‬ೕჄጄԄȩ ǵ Ȩጕ΢ᒌ၌‫ ܈‬Q&A ྎ೯ѳѠȩ ǵ Ȩጕ΢ࣴಞ‫܈‬຾অၗૻȩ ‫ک‬Ȩཥፐᆜ‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢЎകȩ Ƕ നࡕǴ٩่ፕග‫ٮ‬௲‫ػ‬ՉࡹЬᆅᐒᜢǵৣၗ୻‫ػ‬ᐒᄬϷࡕុࣴ‫ޣز‬Ǵ‫ڀ‬ᡏࡌ ᝼‫ୖ܈‬ԵǶ!. ᜢᗖຒǺཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाǵ੝௲௲ৣǵᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ!. II.

(6) A Study on Cognition and Attitude toward Newly Revised Curriculum Guidelines of the Special Education about Elementary School Special Education Teachers in Taichung City AdviserΚYang, Ying-Hsing Graduate studentΚYou, Fu-Mei. Summary The study aimed to understand the cognition and attitude toward newly revised curriculum guidelines of the special education about elementary school special education teachers in Taichung City. The research method of this study was questionnaire survey. The formal questionnaire was sent to 500 elementary school special education teachers, and 394 copies was return. The statistical methods were t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, one way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation. The conclusions of this study were belowΚ 1. Special education teacher’s cognition with newly revised curriculum guidelines of the special education was Median. 2. Special education teacher’s attitude with newly revised curriculum guidelines of the special education was Hesitate. 3. There were some significant differences in demographic variables with the special education teacher’s cognition toward the newly revised curriculum guidelines of the special education. 4. There were some significant differences in demographic variables with the special education teacher’s attitude toward the newly revised curriculum guidelines of the III.

(7) special education. 5. There were positively correlated between cognition and attitude toward newly revised curriculum guidelines of the special education teachers. 6. More than 50% of teachers thought that there might be difficulties and needs toward newly revised curriculum guidelines as followΚ There might be difficulties in “integration between learning fields”, “lack of professional guidance of experts”, “lack of administrative support in schools”, and believed that the most urgent needs were to provide curriculum design paradigm or handbook for teachers. k The most difficulties field to practice was Nature and Science technology, so were two issues: International education and Marine education. The special education teachers thought the websites should increase items such as “excellent teaching design or example”, “curriculum planning paradigm among fields”, “online consultation or communication platform for Q&A”, “online learning or advanced learning information”, and “related articles about newly revised guidelines”. Based on the results and conclusions, there were some suggestions for educational administration authorities, teacher training institutes, and researchers in the future.. Key WordΚnewly revised curriculum guidelines of the special education, special education teacher, cognition and attitude. !. !. IV.

(8) Ҟ!!ԛ! ಃ΋ക!. ᆣፕ………..……………………………………………….……........1. !!!!!!ಃ΋࿯! !!!!!!ಃΒ࿯! !!!!!!ಃΟ࿯!. ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳᆶ୏ᐒ……………………………………………………..…1 ࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫……………………………………………………………ޑ‬..…5 ࡑเୢᚒ……………………………………………………………..…5. !!!!!!ಃѤ࿯! !!!!!!ಃϖ࿯!. Ӝຒញက……………………………………………………………..…6 ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ᆶज़‫………………………………………………ڋ‬..............7. ಃΒക! !!!!!!ಃ΋࿯! !!!!!!ಃΒ࿯! !!!!!!ಃΟ࿯! !!!!!!ಃѤ࿯!. ಃΟക!. Ў᝘௖૸……………………………………..……………………...9 ᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐཀ఼Ϸ‫ޣٿ‬໔ᜢ߯………………………………..……9 ΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆶ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำϐᆒઓᆶϣ఼‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯……..…..……11 ཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜा………………………………………..…..15 ᆶ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜा࣬ᜢϐࣴ‫……………………………ز‬..……..26. ࣴ‫ز‬೛ीᆶჴࡼ…………………………………………............37. !!!!!!ಃ΋࿯!. ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬ………………………………………………………..….….37. !!!!!!ಃΒ࿯! !!!!!!ಃΟ࿯! !!!!!!ಃѤ࿯!. ࣴ‫ز‬ჹຝᆶ‫ܜ‬ኬБ‫…………………………………………ݤ‬..….….38 ࣴ‫ز‬π‫………………………………………………………ڀ‬..….….42 ჴࡼำ‫………………………………………………………ׇ‬..….….53. !!!!!!ಃϖ࿯!. ၗ਑ೀ౛ᆶϩ‫………………………………………………݋‬..….….54. ಃѤക!. ࣴ‫่݀ز‬ᆶ૸ፕ……...………………………..………………...57. !!!!!!ಃ΋࿯! !!!!!!ಃΒ࿯! !!!!!!ಃΟ࿯!. ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬Ϸৡ౦ϩ‫…………݋‬...….57 ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ӛϷৡ౦ϩ‫…………݋‬...….79 ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐ࣬ᜢ‫…………܄‬...….99. !!!!!!ಃѤ࿯!. ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹჴࡼཥፐᆜёૈय़ᖏϐ֚ᜤᆶሡ‫…؃‬......106. ಃϖക!. ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼……………………………………..……………….113. !!!!!!ಃ΋࿯!. ่ፕ……………………………………………………………...…...113. !!!!!!ಃΒ࿯!. ࡌ᝼……………………………………………………………...…...118. !!ୖԵЎ᝘!. …………………………………………………………………....123. !!!!!!ߕᒵ΋! !!!!!!ߕᒵΒ!. ፎૼ‫…………………………………………………………ڄ‬.….....129 ஑ৎቩᚒୢ‫…………………………………………ڔ‬...…………...131. !!!!!!ߕᒵΟ! !!!!!!ߕᒵѤ! !!!!!!ߕᒵϖ!. ஑ৎቩᚒୢ‫༼ڔ‬᏾ᄔा……………………………………………..141 Ⴃ၂ୢ‫…………………………………………………ڔ‬...………...151 ҅Ԅୢ‫…………………………………………………ڔ‬...………...157 V.

(9) ߄!!ԛ! ߄ 3.2!. ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᏢಞሦୱ໘ࢤჄϩ………………………………………...17. ߄ 3.3! ߄ 3.4! ߄ 3.5! ߄ 3.6!. ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ‫ڬ؂‬Ꮲಞ࿯ኧ……………………………………………...18 ӚᏢಞሦୱᕴᏢಞ࿯ኧԭϩКϩଛୖԵ………………………………...19 ΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆜा࣬ᜢࣴ‫ز‬ᄔा………………………………………...26 ΐԃ΋ೣፐำ᝼ᚒӧᇡ‫ޕ‬Бय़࣬ᜢࣴ‫ز‬ᄔा…………………………...28. ߄ 3.7! ߄ 3.8! ߄ 4.2! ߄ 4.3!. ΐԃ΋ೣፐำ᝼ᚒӧᄊࡋБय़࣬ᜢࣴ‫ز‬ᄔा…………………………...31 ௲ৣჹΐԃ΋ೣፐำӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ࣬ᜢࣴ‫ز‬ᄔा……………………...33 ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲੤ᜪձᄤ੤ભኧ………………………………………...38 ҅Ԅୢ‫ڔ‬Ԗਏኬҁϐ୷ҁၗ਑ϩ‫…………………………݋‬...................40. ߄ 4.4! ߄ 4.5! ߄ 4.6! ߄ 4.7!. ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲੤ೕኳ…………………………………………………...41 ஑ৎቩᚒୢ‫ڔ‬ϐ஑ৎᏢ‫ޣ‬Ӝൂ…………………………………………...45 ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᕴᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ໆ߄ϐߞࡋϩ‫…………………………݋‬...47 ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᕴᆜᄊࡋໆ߄ϐ໨Ҟϩ‫…………………………݋‬...49. ߄ 4.8! ߄ 4.9! ߄ 5.2!. ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᕴᆜᄊࡋໆ߄ϐӢનϩ‫…………………………݋‬...51 ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᕴᆜᄊࡋໆ߄ϐߞࡋϩ‫………………………݋‬.......52 ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜ᏾ᡏᇡ‫ޕ‬ϐளϩ኱ᄤ಍ी่݀………...58. ߄ 5.3! ߄ 5.4! ߄ 5.5!. ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧӚቫय़ᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐளϩ኱ྗ………...59 ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧӚቫय़ᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐᄔा……………...59 όӕ‫܄‬ձϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐ t ᔠ‫…………ۓ‬60. ߄ 5.6!. όӕനଯᏢᐕϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬΢ӚಔΓኧǵ ѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔………………………………………………...............62 όӕനଯᏢᐕϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐൂӢηᡂ ౦ኧϩ‫…………………………………………………………݋‬...............63 όӕ௲ৣҺ௲‫ي‬ϩၗ਱ᜪձϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ ΢ӚಔΓኧǵѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔………………………………...............65. ߄ 5.7! ߄ 5.8! ߄ 5.9! ߄ 5.:!. όӕ௲ৣҺ௲‫ي‬ϩၗ਱ᜪձϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃ ‫׎‬ϐൂӢηᡂ౦ኧϩ‫………………………………………………݋‬.......66 όӕ୍ܺԃၗϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬΢ӚಔΓኧǵ ѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔………………………………………………...............68. ߄ 5.21!. όӕ୍ܺԃၗϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐൂӢη. ߄ 5.22! ߄ 5.23!. ᡂ౦ኧϩ‫…………………………………………………………݋‬...........69 όӕ੝௲ᜪձϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐ t ᔠ‫……ۓ‬70 όӕ‫ي‬Јምᛖϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬΢ӚಔΓኧǵ ѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔………………………………………………...............72. ߄ 5.24!. όӕ‫ي‬Јምᛖᜪϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐൂӢ ηᡂ౦ኧϩ‫……………………………………………………………݋‬...73. ! VI.

(10) ߄!!ԛ! ߄ 5.25!. όӕၗ፟ᓬ౦ϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐୗඁ੝. ߄ 5.26! ߄ 5.27!. ѭ U Եᡍϩ‫………………………………………………………݋‬.…….75 ၂ᒤᏢਠᆶցϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐ t ᔠ‫……ۓ‬76 όӕᏢਠӦ୔ϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬΢ӚಔΓኧǵ ѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔………………………………………………...............77. ߄ 5.28! ߄ 5.29! ߄ 5.2:!. όӕᏢਠӦ୔ϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬ϐൂӢη ᡂ౦ኧϩ‫………………………………………………………………݋‬...78 ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜ᏾ᡏᄊࡋϐளϩ኱ྗᄤ಍ी่݀……...79 ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧӚቫय़ᄊࡋ໼ӛϐளϩ኱ྗ………...80. ߄ 5.31! ߄ 5.32! ߄ 5.33!. ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧӚቫय़ᄊࡋ໼ӛϐᄔा……………...81 όӕ‫܄‬ձϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ӛϐ t ᔠ‫…………ۓ‬82 όӕനଯᏢᐕϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᄊࡋ΢ӚಔΓኧǵ ѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔………………………………………………...............83. ߄ 5.34!. όӕനଯᏢᐕϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ӛϐൂӢη ᡂ౦ኧϩ‫………………………………………………………݋‬...............84 όӕ௲ৣҺ௲‫ي‬ϩၗ਱ᜪձϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᄊࡋ. ߄ 5.35! ߄ 5.36! ߄ 5.37! ߄ 5.38! ߄ 5.39! ߄ 5.3:! ߄ 5.41! ߄ 5.42!. ΢ӚಔΓኧǵѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔…………………………………….......86 όӕ௲ৣҺ௲‫ي‬ϩၗ਱ᜪձϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ ӛϐൂӢηᡂ౦ኧϩ‫………………………………………………݋‬.......87 όӕ୍ܺԃၗϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᄊࡋ΢ӚಔΓኧǵ ѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔…………………………………………………...........89 όӕ୍ܺԃၗϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ӛϐൂӢη ᡂ౦ኧϩ‫…………………………………………………………݋‬...........90 όӕ੝௲ᜪձϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ӛϐ t ᔠ‫……ۓ‬91 όӕ‫ي‬Јምᛖϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᄊࡋ΢ӚಔΓኧǵ ѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔…………………………………………………...........92 όӕ‫ي‬Јምᛖᜪϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ӛϐൂӢ ηᡂ౦ኧϩ‫……………………………………………………………݋‬...93 όӕၗ፟ᓬ౦ϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ӛϐୗඁ੝ ѭ U Եᡍϩ‫…………݋‬.………………………………….........................95. ߄ 5.43! ߄ 5.44! ߄ 5.45!. ၂ᒤᏢਠᆶցϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ӛϐ t ᔠ‫……ۓ‬96 όӕᏢਠӦ୔ϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᄊࡋ΢ӚಔΓኧǵ ѳ֡ኧ‫ߞک‬ᒘ୔໔…………………………………………………...........97 όӕᏢਠӦ୔ϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᄊࡋ໼ӛϐൂӢη ᡂ౦ኧϩ‫………………………………………………………………݋‬...98. ! VII.

(11) ߄!!ԛ! ߄ 5.46!. ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐ࣬ᜢϩ‫݋‬ᄔा………….100. ߄ 5.47! ߄ 5.48! ߄ 5.49! ߄ 5.4:!. ཥፐᆜӧ௢୏ਔёૈय़ᖏϐୢᚒϐඔॊ಍ीᄔा…………………….106 ӢᔈཥፐᆜჴࡼനॐϪሡाϐ໨Ҟϐඔॊ಍ीᄔा………………….107 Ӣᔈཥፐᆜჴࡼ௲Ꮲၨ֚ᜤϐሦୱϐඔॊ಍ीᄔा………………….109 ӢᔈཥፐᆜჴࡼᑼΕၨ֚ᜤϐ᝼ᚒϐඔॊ಍ीᄔा………………….110. ߄ 5.51!. ཥፐᆜ࠹Ꮴᆛઠᔈуம‫܈‬ቚуϐ໨Ҟϐඔॊ಍ीᄔा……………….111. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! VIII.

(12) კ!!ԛ! კ 4.2!. ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬ……………………………………..................................................37. IX.

(13) ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ ཥঅुଯભύ฻аΠᏢਠ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाȐаΠᙁᆀཥፐᆜȑஒु‫ ܭ‬102 Ꮲԃӄय़ࡼՉǴ‫ځ‬౛‫ࢂۺ‬ᆶ౜Ԗ‫ޑ‬ΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆜाǵද೯ଯύፐำᆜाаϷᙍ ཰Ꮲਠဂࣽፐำᆜाࢂ࣬ϕௗॉǴԶፐำϣ৒ϐፓ᏾Ǵ߯ࣁૈ፾ᔈ‫ܭ‬ӚᜪምᛖϷ ၗᓬғǴа಄ӝ੝ਸᏢғϐሡ‫؃‬Ƕҁࣴ‫ز‬ԑӧ௖૸ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜ ᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋǴࢂаǴҁകӅϩϖ࿯Ǻಃ΋࿯ᇥܴࣴ‫ز‬ङඳᆶ୏ᐒǹಃΒ࿯‫ک‬ಃΟ ࿯ϩᗺ௶ॊࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ϷࡑเୢᚒǹಃѤ࿯ଞჹҁࣴ‫ز‬஑ԖӜຒуаឍញǹಃϖ࿯ ഋॊҁࣴ‫܌ز‬௦ՉϐБ‫ݤ‬ᆶज़‫ڋ‬Ƕ. ಃ΋࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳᆶ୏ᐒ. ҁ࿯ᇥܴࣴ‫ޑز‬ङඳǴ٠ឍॊࣴ‫ޑޣز‬ϖ໨ࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒǴ૟ϩॊᇥܴӵΠǶ. ΋ǵࣴ‫ز‬ङඳ ߈൳ԃٰද೯௲‫ػ‬மፓȨ஥ӳ‫ঁ؂‬Ꮲғȩ‫ۺߞޑ‬ᆶ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬Ȩ႟‫๊ܔ‬ȩ‫ޑ‬চ ߾ࢂόᒉԶӝ‫ޑ‬Ƕӧ‫ׯ‬ॠ‫ޑ‬ၸำύǴද೯௲‫ػ‬ፐำ߯аΐԃ΋ೣፐำࣁЬǴᙖҗ ᇟЎǵ଼நᆶᡏ‫ػ‬ǵ‫཮ޗ‬ǵ᛬ೌᆶΓЎǵኧᏢǵԾฅᆶғࢲࣽ‫מ‬Ϸᆕӝࢲ୏฻Ύ εሦୱϐᏢಞǴ٠ஒ‫܄‬ձǵᕉნǵၗૻǵৎࡹǵΓ៾ǵғఱว৖ǵੇࢩ௲‫کػ‬୯ ሞ௲‫ػ‬฻Ζε᝼ᚒ೸ၸᑼΕፐำϐБԄǴаၲԋϩࢤૈΚࡰ኱Ǵ຾Զ୻ᎦᏢғΜ ε୷ҁૈΚࣁҞ኱ǶԶӧᆜाߕ߾ύೕ‫ۓ‬Ǻ Ȩ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬੤ϐፐำჴࡼǴΏ٩Ᏽ੝ਸ ௲‫ݤػ‬ϐ࣬ᜢೕ‫ۓ‬ᒤ౛ȩ Ȑ௲‫ػ‬೽Ǵ2003ȑ Ƕཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ݤػ‬ಃΜΐచύҭೕ‫ۓ‬Ǻ ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ϐፐำǵ௲‫׷‬Ϸ௲‫ݤ‬Ǵᔈߥ࡭ቸ‫܄‬Ǵ፾ӝᏢғ‫ي‬Ј੝‫܄‬ϷሡाȐ੝ਸ௲ ‫ݤػ‬Ǵ2009ȑ ǹӆ‫ޣ‬Ǵ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ௲‫׷‬௲‫ݤ‬ϷຑໆБԄჴࡼᒤ‫ݤ‬ǴΞܴु੝ਸ௲ ‫ػ‬ፐำεᆜǴҗύѧЬᆅᐒᜢຎሡाु‫ۓ‬Ǵ٠‫ۓ‬යᔠ૸অ҅Ȑ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ௲‫׷‬ ௲‫ݤ‬ϷຑໆБԄჴࡼᒤ‫ݤ‬Ǵ2010ȑ Ƕ ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ϐፐำᆜाǴനԐႧѲᆶჴࡼྍ‫҇ܭ‬୯ 72 ԃ 3 ДǴ߯ࣁ௴ᖃᏢғु ‫ޑۓ‬ǹௗ๱ӧ҇୯ 77 ԃǴ௲‫ػ‬೽ᗎፎᏢ‫ޣ‬஑ৎǴጓुፐำ኱ྗǴයаග‫ٮ‬፾ӝඵ 1.

(14) ૈምᛖǵຎ᝺ምᛖǵ᠋᝺ምᛖǵަᡏምᛖ੝ਸᏢғᏢಞϐፐำ኱ྗǹԶ୯҇ύλ Ꮲፐำ኱ྗΨ‫҇ܭ‬୯ 82~83 ԃഌុঅुวթǹௗ๱ӄ୯‫ي‬Јምᛖ௲‫཮ػ‬᝼‫҇ܭ‬୯ 84 ԃǴ،‫ׯۓ‬຾౜ՉӚᜪ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाǴ‫ࢂܭ‬ӧ҇୯ 85 ԃ೯ၸ੝ਸ௲‫ݤػ‬Ǵ Ψமፓ‫ׯ‬຾੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ϐፐำǶࢂаǴ҇୯ 86 ԃ௲‫ػ‬೽Ǵᗎፎ࣬ᜢΓ঩໒཮୘ፋፐ ำᆜाϐቚঅǴΞ‫҇ܭ‬୯ 87 ԃଆ‫ૼہ‬Ꮲ‫ޣ‬஑ৎЬ࡭੝ਸᏢਠȐ੤ȑඵૈምᛖȐଯ ύᙍȑǵຎ᝺ምᛖǵ᠋᝺ምᛖǵަᡏምᛖӚᜪፐำᆜाϐቚঅπբǴӆ‫҇ܭ‬୯ 89 ԃֹԋ੝ਸᏢਠȐ੤ȑඵૈምᛖǵຎ᝺ምᛖǵ᠋᝺ምᛖǵަᡏምᛖѤᜪፐำᆛा ϐቚঅ٠ႧѲᆶჴࡼȐ௲‫ػ‬೽Ǵ1999aǴ1999bǴ2000aǴ2000bȑ Ƕ ᠙‫ܭ‬Ҟ߻୯Ѧ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำว৖ϐᖿ༈֡Ь஭ᑼӝ௲‫ػ‬ǴԶ୯ϣΨा‫؃‬ᔈࣁ Ԗ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғǴᅰໆ௦Ҕද೯௲‫ػ‬ϐፐำǴҭा‫؃‬௲ৣሡ‫ڀ‬ഢፓ᏾ද೯ፐำϐ ૈΚǴӢԜǴ݅‫ڷ‬ᔾȐ2004ȑ‫ ک‬Hoover ᆶ PattonȐ1997ȑᇡࣁჹ‫ܭ‬Ԗ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲ ғӧද೯௲‫ػ‬ፐำǴ༈Ѹሡा଺࣬྽ำࡋ‫ޑ‬ፓ᏾ǶΞද೯੤ϐΐԃ΋ೣፐำ߯Ծ 90 ᏢԃࡋଆǴவλ΋໒‫ۈ‬ჴࡼǴ‫ځ‬ᐕ࿶҇୯ 92 ԃǵ95 ԃǵ97 ԃᆶ 100 ԃঅ҅ᆶ ༾ፓǴࡺࣁ٬Ԗ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғǴૈкϩୖᆶද೯௲‫ػ‬ፐำϐᐒ཮ǴӢԜǴஒӚ໘ ࢤ‫ي‬Јምᛖፐำբ಍᏾ᆶሒௗǴࢂаǴҞ߻ჴࡼϐӚᜪ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫܈‬Ӛ໘ࢤϐ‫ي‬Ј ምᛖፐำᆜाǴჴᔈӢᔈਔжϐ‫܌‬ᖿǴ଺অ҅ϐѸाȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2008ȑǶ. Βǵࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒ җᆵ᡼ৣጄεᏢ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ύЈ‫܍‬ᒤϐȨଯભύ฻аΠᏢਠ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำว৖ Ӆӕচ߾Ϸፐำᆜाȩᇥܴ཮ǴӧᆵύӦ୔୯ύǵλ੝௲௲ৣ໔Ǵ௪ଆ΋൑‫ݢ‬᝔Ǵ ЪཥፐᆜΞᔕ‫ ܭ‬102 Ꮲԃӄय़ࡼՉǴࢂаǴჹ‫ܭ‬ཥፐᆜӧϣ৒ǵ఼ᇂጄൎǵ୷ҁ ૈΚ‫ۓ‬ՏǵᏢಞሦୱჄϩǵ΢ፐ࿯ኧ‫ޑ‬Ӽ௨ᆶК‫ޑٯ‬ϩଛǵፐำҞ኱೛ीǵჴࡼ চ߾฻Бय़Ǵ‫ࣁي‬΋ጕ੝௲௲ৣࢂց੿ૈܴධᕕှǻӢԜǴట௖૸ᆵύѱ୯λ੝ ௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᇡ‫ޕ‬Ǵջҁࣴ‫ز‬ಃ΋ঁࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒǶ ௲ৣࢂȨፐำ‫ׯ‬ॠ‫ޑ‬Ь‫ف‬ȩȐБቺໜǴ2010ȑǴவၸѐද೯੤௲ৣჹΐԃ΋ೣ. 2.

(15) ፐำࣴ‫ز‬ύว౜Ǵቹៜΐԃ΋ೣፐำࡼՉ‫ޑ‬ӢનǴхࡴǺ௲ৣ‫ޑ‬ሽॶᢀǵղᘐΚǵ ཀᜫǵૈΚᆶਔ໔Ǵҭջऩ௲ৣᇡӕΐԃ΋ೣፐำǴЪΨ‫ڀ‬Ԗଯࡋ‫ޑ‬ଛӝཀᜫǴ ߾Ԗճ‫ܭ‬ΐԃ΋ೣፐำϐ௢ՉȐЦӄᑫǴ2010ȑ Ƕද೯੤௲ৣӧΐԃ΋ೣፐำࡼՉ ࢂӵԜǴࢂցΨ፾Ҕӧ੝௲௲ৣ‫ي‬΢‫ګ‬ǻࢂց੝௲௲ৣ‫ڀ‬ഢ҅ӛǵᑈཱུ‫ޑ‬ᄊࡋǴ ᜫཀЍ࡭ཥፐᆜϐ౛‫ۺ‬ǵᕕှ‫ځ‬೛ी‫ޑ‬ϣ఼ᆶ੝ՅǴ٠ჴሞୖᆶӚᜪࣴಞࢲ୏Ϸ ০ፋ཮᝼……฻ǴΨ཮Ԗշ‫ࡹܭ‬฼ԋф‫ޑ‬௢Չ‫ګ‬ǻӢԜǴటᕕှᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲ ௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᄊࡋࣁՖǴࣁҁࣴ‫ز‬ಃΒঁࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒǶ ӆ‫ޣ‬Ǵჹྣ୯Ѧ௲ৣჹፐำ‫ׯ‬ॠᆶ୯ϣද೯੤௲ৣၸѐჹΐԃ΋ೣፐำӧ௲ ৣϷᏢਠङඳᡂ໨ٰ࣮ǴԖᜢቹៜፐำӧ‫ׯ‬ॠᆶჴࡼБय़ϐᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ࣬ᜢࣴ ‫ز‬Ǵ࿶ࣴ‫༼ޣز‬᏾ӵΠǶ Ȑ΋ȑ൩‫܄‬ձԶ‫ق‬ǺЦਁᗶȐ2000ȑ฻Γࡰрӭኧ‫ت‬Դৣӧ୺Չཀᜫଯ‫ܭ‬ζ ԴৣǴՠԢ‫҅ד‬Ȑ2002ȑ฻ΓǴ߾ࡰрζ‫܄‬௲ৣ߄౜ၨᓬ‫ؼ‬ǹԶ୯ѦᏢ‫ ޣ‬Corwin Ȑ1975ȑ‫ ک‬CarrȐ1985ȑ࣮‫ࠅݤ‬Ӛό࣬ӕǶ ȐΒȑ൩നଯᏢᐕԶ‫ق‬ǺЦਁᗶȐ2000ȑ ฻Γ‫ک‬୯ѦᏢ‫ ޣ‬CarrȐ1985ȑᆶ CorwinȐ1975ȑࣣࡰрᏱԖࣴ‫܌ز‬а΢Ꮲᐕङඳ ϐ௲ৣǴჹ‫ܭ‬ፐำ‫ׯ‬ॠӧᇡ‫ޕ‬΢ǴදၹКۘ҂‫܌زࣴډ‬຾অϐ௲ৣٰளଯǶ ȐΟȑ ൩୍ܺԃၗԶ‫ق‬ǺЦਁᗶȐ2000ȑ฻ΓࡰрǴ௲ৣ୍ܺԃၗᆶ௲ৣᄊࡋ߯ԋ҅Кǹ ՠ୯ѦᏢ‫ ޣ‬WangenǵSederberg ‫ ک‬HendrixȐ1982ȑࣴ‫ز‬ว౜ࠅᆶ ClarkeǵEllettǵ Bateman ᆶ RuguttȐ1996ȑε࣬೵৥ǶȐѤȑவୖᆶ࣬ᜢ০ፋ‫ࣴ܈‬ಞԶ‫ق‬Ǻ‫׵‬ൺඁ Ȑ2002ȑ฻Γࣴ‫ࡰز‬рǴςୖу࣬ᜢ஑཰‫ࣴૈޕ‬ಞǵ০ፋ‫ୖ܈‬ᆶΐԃ΋ೣፐำϐ ၂ᒤ‫ޣ‬Ǵεठ΢Ԗၨ٫‫ޑ‬ӢᔈᄊࡋǶ ȐϖȑаᏢਠೕኳԶ‫ق‬Ǻֆ‫ޱٵ‬Ȑ2002ȑࡰр ೕኳཇλ‫ޑ‬ᏢਠǴёૈӢ௲ৣঋҺၨӭ‫ޑ‬ՉࡹπբǴԶคཨѐᕕှᆶଛӝࡼՉǴ ՠԢ‫҅ד‬Ȑ2002ȑ฻ΓǴࠅ࡭࣬ϸϐፕᗺǶ ȐϤȑаᏢਠ‫܌‬ӧӦ୔Զ‫ق‬Ǻֆ‫ޱٵ‬Ȑ2002ȑ ฻ΓࡰрǴ೿཮ࠠᏢਠǴคፕӧࡹ฼௢Չǵᇥܴ཮‫ޑ‬Ӽ௨‫܈‬຾অࣴಞ΢ǴёૈӢ ᎃ߈ѱ୔Զ‫ڙ‬ज़ӢનၨλǴՠԢ‫҅ד‬Ȑ2002ȑ߾ࡰрǴୃᇻӦ୔Ꮲਠϐ௲ৣ‫ځ‬ௗ ‫ࡋڙ‬ଯ‫ܭ‬ໂᙼӦ୔Ƕ 3.

(16) ᆕ΢ࣴ‫ز‬Ǵࣣࢂа௲ৣჹ୯Ѧ΋૓௲‫ׯػ‬ॠ‫ک‬୯ϣද೯௲‫ػ‬ჴࡼΐԃ΋ೣፐ ำᆜाБय़ϐว౜ǴӢԜǴ‫ࢂځ‬ցᆶ௢ՉǴཥፐᆜࡹ฼‫܌‬य़ᖏ‫ݩރޑ‬ႜӕǻࡺట ௖૸όӕङඳᡂ໨ϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ΢ϐৡ౦௃‫׎‬Ǵ ջ‫׎‬ԋҁࣴ‫ز‬ಃΟঁࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒǶ ΐԃ΋ೣፐำ‫ޑ‬ჴࡼࢂჄਔж‫ޑ‬௲‫ػ‬ᡂॠǴமፓаᏢғࣁЬᡏǴ‫ځ‬ᆶ‫ي‬Јም ᛖ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ΋ӛமፓ‫ޑ‬ᆒઓόᒉԶӝȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2003aȑЪ‫ޣٿ‬໔ϐ࣬ӕೀǴ֡ࢂ аቶୱԶߚϩࣽፐำࣁрวᗺǴҭ೿மፓᏢғ‫ૈޑ‬ΚҁՏǹЬ஭ፐำ᚞࿹ǹа಍ ᏾ፐำǵ‫ڐ‬ӕ‫܈‬ЬᚒԄ௲ᏢࣁЬǹҭ௢஖аӭϡ‫ޑ‬БԄٰ຾ՉᏢғϐຑໆǶԶȨᇡ ‫ޕ‬ȩ߯ঁΓჹ٣‫ނ‬Αှǵ‫ޕ‬᛽ำࡋᆶ࣮‫ݤ‬Ǵҭջᕇள‫ޕ‬᛽ϐᐕำǴᖐΥ‫ޕ‬᝺ǵགྷ Ⴝǵᒣᇡǵ௢౛ǵղᘐ฻ፄᚇ‫ޑ‬Ј౛ࢲ୏֡ឦϐȐ஭ࡾᑫǴ2011ǹླྀ୯ኰǵЎ஖ ΋ǵֆᖃ፣ǵ‫׵‬ҭ༜Ǵ1978ȑ ǹΞȨᄊࡋȩ߯ࡰঁᡏჹ‫ڬ‬ᎁ٣‫ނ‬ຑሽᆶ഻ൾ‫߄܌‬౜ ‫ޑ‬΋ᅿ࡭Φ‫ޑ܄‬Չࣁ໼ӛǴ‫ځ‬Ԗ੝‫ۓ‬ჹຝҭ‫ڀ‬ᜪϯ໼ӛȐ஭ࡾᑫǴ2011ǹHorne, 1985ǹWeber, 1995/1997ȑǶਥᏵ໳က‫ؼ‬Ȑ1999ȑ฻Γࣴ‫ز‬ᡉҢǺ୯ύλ௲ৣჹȨΐ ԃ΋ೣፐำȩᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋև҅࣬ᜢǴҭջ୯ύλ௲ৣჹཥፐำᇡ‫ޕ‬ำࡋၨଯ‫ޣ‬Ǵ ‫࡭ܤ܌ځ‬ϐᄊࡋၨ໼ӛࣁȨᇡӕȩǴϸϐǴ߾ၨ࡭Ȩϸჹȩ‫ޑ‬ᄊࡋǶࢂаǴᆵύ ѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫کޕ‬ᄊࡋ΢ǴࢂցΨӸӧ๱٤೚ᜢ߯‫ګ‬ǻࢂցჹཥ ፐᆜ‫ڀ‬Ԗଯࡋᇡ‫ޕ‬ϐ௲ৣǴ‫ځ‬ᄊࡋΨၨᑈཱུǵ҅ӛ‫ګ‬ǻӢԜǴట௖૸ᆵύѱ୯λ ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ໔ϐ࣬ᜢ‫܄‬Ǵջԋࣁҁࣴ‫ز‬ಃѤঁࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒǶ Ξཥፐᆜࡹ฼ϐჴࡼǴࢂց‫ک‬ද೯੤ჴࡼΐԃ΋ೣፐำ‫܌‬य़ᖏ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒ‫֚܈‬ᜤ ࣬ӕǻҭջࢂցΨሡाᏉᆫӅ᛽ǵว৖Ӛᅿଛ঺௛ࡼǴӵவৣၗન፦ගϲǵ௲‫׷‬ ጓᒧǵຑໆаϷՉࡹЍජ‫س‬಍‫ޑ‬ଛӝǴЪᔈᒿਔ‫ݙ‬ཀёૈౢғϐୢᚒǴӆଞჹୢ ᚒϒа፾ਔှ،ǴӵԜωૈჴ౜੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ӧ௲‫ׯػ‬ॠҞ኱ϐၲԋ‫ګ‬ǻӢԜǴట௖ ૸ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹჴࡼཥፐᆜ‫܌‬ёૈय़ᖏϐ֚ᜤᆶሡ‫ࣁ؃‬ՖǴջԋࣁҁࣴ ‫ز‬ಃϖঁࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒǶ. 4.

(17) ᆕӝҁ࿯‫܌‬ॊǴཥፐᆜஒ‫ ܭ‬102 Ꮲԃӄय़ჴࡼǴЪҞ߻ӭᑜѱ௲‫ֽػ‬Ǵς‫ہ‬ ፎ྽Ӧ୯ύλ੝௲੤‫܈‬੝ਸᏢਠ๱Ћ຾Չፐำ၂ᒤǴӢԜ‫߻ࣁي‬ጕ‫ޑ‬੝௲௲ৣǴ ӧଯࡋ‫ޑ‬ᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶ҅ӛᑈཱུ‫ޑ‬ᄊࡋΠǴ‫ת‬ᄽ๱ཱུᜢᗖ‫ف‬ՅǶࣴ‫ޣز‬Ҟ߻୍ܺ‫ܭ‬ᆵύ ѱ໣ύԄ੝௲੤Ǵҭࣁ၂ᒤᏢਠϐ௲ৣǴჹ‫ܭ‬ᆵύѱ௲‫ֽػ‬ஒ‫ ܭ‬102 Ꮲԃ 8 Дҽ ҅ԄࡼՉϐཥፐᆜǴҁ๱ଯࡋ٬‫ڮ‬གǴ‫׆‬Ꮗᙖҁࣴ‫ز‬аᕕှǴᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋаϷჴࡼཥፐᆜ‫܌‬ёૈय़ᖏϐ֚ᜤᆶሡ‫؃‬Ǵයග‫ٮ‬௲‫ػ‬Չ ࡹЬᆅᐒᜢǵৣၗ୻‫ػ‬ᐒᄬϷࡕុࣴ‫ޣز‬ϐୖԵǶ. ಃΒ࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬. ୷‫ܭ‬΢ॊࣴ‫ز‬ङඳᆶ୏ᐒǴҁࣴ‫ز‬ϐЬाҞ‫ޑ‬ԖϖǺ. ΋ǵʳᕕှᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬Ƕ Βǵʳᕕှᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᄊࡋ໼ӛǶ Οǵʳ௖૸όӕङඳᡂ໨ϐᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐ໔‫ޑ‬ৡ౦ ௃‫׎‬Ƕ. Ѥǵʳ௖૸ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐ໔‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢ‫܄‬Ƕ ϖǵʳᇆ໣ჴࡼཥፐᆜ௲ৣ‫܌‬ёૈय़ᖏϐ֚ᜤᆶሡ‫؃‬ϐၗૻǴග‫ٮ‬௲‫ػ‬ՉࡹЬᆅᐒ ᜢǵৣၗ୻‫ػ‬ᐒᄬϷࡕុࣴ‫ޣز‬Ǵ‫ڀ‬ᡏࡌ᝼‫ୖ܈‬Ե٩ᏵǶ. ಃΟ࿯. ࡑเୢᚒ. ਥᏵࣴ‫ز‬ङඳǵ୏ᐒᆶҞ‫ޑ‬Ǵҁࣴ‫ز‬ట௖૸ϐୢᚒϩϖঁय़ӛǴ૟ᇥܴӵΠǶ. ΋ǵʳᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫ࣁ׎‬Ֆǻ Βǵʳᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᄊࡋ໼ӛࣁՖǻ Οǵʳόӕङඳᡂ໨ϐ‫ܭ‬ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐ໔‫ޑ‬ৡ౦௃ ‫ࣁ׎‬Ֆǻ. Ѥǵʳᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐ໔‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢ‫ࣁ܄‬Ֆǻ ϖǵʳᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹჴࡼཥፐᆜ‫܌‬ёૈय़ᖏϐ֚ᜤᆶሡ‫ࣁ؃‬Ֆǻ 5.

(18) ಃѤ࿯. Ӝຒញက. ҁࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫߯ޑ‬ӧ௖૸ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋǶ૟൩࣬ᜢ ख़ाӜຒǴхࡴȨཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाȩǵȨཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩ ᆶȨཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᄊࡋȩᇥܴϷࣚ‫ۓ‬ӵΠǶ. ΋ǵཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜा ҁࣴ‫܌ز‬ᆀȨཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाȩ Ǵ߯ࡰ௲‫ػ‬೽‫ ܭ‬2008 ԃǴࣁӢᔈ੝ ਸ௲‫ػ‬ᆶද೯௲‫ػ‬ௗॉ‫ک‬ᑼӝᖿ༈Ǵ‫܌‬຾ՉঅुϐፐำεᆜᕴᆜǴ‫ځ‬ጄൎ఼ᇂ୯ λԿଯύȐᙍȑΟঁ໘ࢤǴமፓ೛ी੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғፐำǴ२ाԵໆද೯௲‫ػ‬ፐำǴ ख़ຎঁΓૈΚҁՏǵᏢਠҁՏፐำǴ٠௦ፐำϷ௲‫׷‬᚞࿹‫୺ޑ‬ՉБԄǴаයૈ೛ ीр಄ӝ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғ‫܌‬ሡϐံ௱‫܈‬фૈ‫܄‬ፐำǶӢԜǴ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำεᆜᕴᆜ ϐϣ৒х֖Ȩঅुङඳᆶ୷ҁ౛‫ۺ‬ȩǵȨ୷ҁૈΚᆶፐำҞ኱ȩǵȨ፾ҔჹຝȩǵȨᏢ ಞሦୱᆶ࿯ኧȩ ǵ Ȩΐԃ΋ೣፐำፓ᏾ȩ ǵ ȨIEP ᆶፐำᜢ߯ȩᆶȨჴࡼ೯߾ȩӅΎε ೽ϩǶԶȨჴࡼ೯߾ȩΞӆಒϩࣁȨፐำ೛ीȩǵȨ௲‫׷‬ጓᒠǵቩࢗϷᒧҔȩǵȨ௲ ᏢȩǵȨຑໆȩǵȨ௲ৣ஑཰ԋߏȩᆶȨՉࡹଛӝȩϤঁ໨ҞǶ. Βǵཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᇡ‫ޕ‬ ҁࣴ‫܌ز‬ᆀȨᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩ߯ࡰঁᡏа‫ޕ‬᝺ǵղᘐǵ௢౛ǵࡘԵϷ‫ځ‬ჹѦࣚ‫࡭܌‬ϐ ຑሽᆶ࣮‫ݤ‬ǴҔаᇡ᛽Ӛᅿ٣‫܈ނ‬౜ຝǴ຾Զᕕှ‫ځ‬ᜢ߯‫܈‬ՉࣁǴԶȨཥঅु੝ ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩ߯ࡰ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧȨ୷ҁ౛‫ۺ‬ȩǵȨ୷ҁૈΚᆶፐำ Ҟ኱ȩ ǵ Ȩ፾Ҕჹຝȩ ǵ ȨᏢಞሦୱᆶ࿯ኧȩ ǵ Ȩΐԃ΋ೣፐำፓ᏾ȩ ǵ ȨIEP ᆶፐำᜢ߯ȩ ᆶȨჴࡼ೯߾ȩ‫࡭܌‬ϐຑሽᆶ࣮‫ݤ‬ǶΞаࣴ‫ޣز‬ԾՉጓᇙϐȨ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥ ፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋୢ‫ڔ‬ȩύಃΒ໨೽ϩǴ௲ৣჹȨཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩ ϩໆ߄ύளϩǴளϩཇଯǴ߄Ңཇᕕှཥፐᆜϐϣ৒Ƕ. 6.

(19) Οǵཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᄊࡋ ҁࣴ‫܌ز‬ᆀȨᄊࡋȩ߯ࡰঁΓჹ‫ڬ‬ᎁ٣‫ޑނ‬ག‫ڙ‬ǵ഻ൾᆶჹ‫࡭܌ځ‬ϐ໼ӛǴ ԶȨཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᄊࡋȩ߯ࡰ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧȨ୷ҁ౛‫ۺ‬ȩǵȨ୷ ҁૈΚᆶፐำҞ኱ȩ ǵ Ȩ፾Ҕჹຝȩ ǵ ȨᏢಞሦୱᆶ࿯ኧȩ ǵ Ȩΐԃ΋ೣፐำፓ᏾ȩ ǵ ȨIEP ᆶፐำᜢ߯ȩᆶȨჴࡼ೯߾ȩ‫࡭܌‬ϐག‫ڙ‬ǵ഻ൾᆶ໼ӛǶΞаࣴ‫ޣز‬ԾՉጓᇙϐ Ȩ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋୢ‫ڔ‬ȩύಃΒ໨೽ϩǴ௲ৣჹȨཥঅु੝ਸ ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᄊࡋȩϩໆ߄ύளϩǴளϩཇଯǴ߄Ңᄊࡋཇᖿ‫҅ܭ‬ӛǶ. ಃϖ࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ᆶज़‫ڋ‬. ΋ǵࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ ҁࣴ‫ࣁز‬ӧอයϣᇆ໣εໆ੝௲௲ৣǴჹᆵύѱ 102 Ꮲԃᔕஒӄय़ࡼՉϐཥ ፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ΢ϐၗ਑ǴӢԜǴ߯௦ୢ‫ڔ‬ፓࢗ‫ݤ‬Ǵᙖදࢗ‫ޑ‬БԄ௖‫ز‬ᆵύѱ ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋǴаග‫ٮ‬௲‫ػ‬ՉࡹЬᆅᐒᜢǵৣၗ୻‫ػ‬ᐒᄬϷ ࡕុࣴ‫ޣز‬Ǵ‫ڀ‬ᡏࡌ᝼‫ୖ܈‬Ե٩ᏵǶ ΞᄒԿҞ߻ࣁЗǴ୯ϣӧԜЬᚒ΢๱ᏀࣗϿǴӢԜǴࣴ‫ޣز‬ӧБ‫ޑݤ‬ၮҔБ य़ǴନਥᏵࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ᆶࡑเୢᚒѦǴќᇆ໣ᆶද೯੤ჴՉΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆜा࣬ᜢ Ў᝘ၗ਑ǵ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำว৖Ӆӕচ߾Ϸ‫ځ‬ፐำᆜाᕴᆜǴаϷ‫ځ‬ӧӚ໨ፐำϣ ৒ϷၮҔচ߾ǴᙖҗЎ᝘ǵϣ৒ϩ‫݋‬Ǵ຾Չၗ਑‫ޑ‬ᘜયǵ಍᏾Ǵ٠ᇶаԾՉጓᇙ ϐȨ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋୢ‫ڔ‬ȩ຾ՉፓࢗǴനࡕਥᏵ‫܌‬ᇆ໣ϐၗ਑ ϩ‫݋‬ǵᘜયᆶว౜Ǵග‫ڀٮ‬ᡏϐࡌ᝼Ƕ. 7.

(20) Βǵࣴ‫ز‬ज़‫ڋ‬ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ϐ຾ՉǴ‫࠼࡭ޚ‬ᢀ‫ک‬ᝄᙣ‫ޑ‬ᄊࡋǴோϝёૈԖᒪᅅ‫܈‬ό‫ى‬ϐೀǴ૟൩ ࣴ‫ز‬ᡂ໨ǵࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ᆶࣴ‫่݀ز‬ϐज़‫ڋ‬Ǵ၁ॊᇥܴӵΠǶ. Ȑ΋ȑࣴ‫ز‬ᡂ໨ ࣴ‫ޣز‬໻௦Οঁय़ӛǴջȨΓαᏢᡂ໨Ϸ୍ܺᏢਠȩǵȨཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ ᆜाᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩ‫ک‬Ȩཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᄊࡋȩ Ǵٰ௖‫ز‬ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥ ፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋǴЪҗ‫ܭ‬ਔ໔ǵΓΚ฻ӢનǴԶค‫ݤ‬௖‫܌ز‬Ԗ࣬ᜢᡂ໨ǶࢂаǴ ࣁᗉխԜ΋ज़‫ڋ‬Ǵჹ‫ځܭ‬д҂ӈΕᡂ໨Եቾϐ໨ҞǴࡕុԖᑫ፪ϐࣴ‫ޣز‬ό֫у Ε‫ځ‬дᡂ໨ᝩុᘉк٠уаᡍ᛾Ƕ. ȐΒȑࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ ҁࣴ‫߯ز‬௦ୢ‫ڔ‬ፓࢗ‫ݤ‬ǴᙖදࢗБԄ௖‫ز‬ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ ᆶᄊࡋǶฅԶǴୢ‫ڔ‬ᗨёӧอයϣِೲᇆ໣ໆϯၗ਑ǴࠅёૈόճుΕ௖‫ز‬٣ჴ ङࡕϐ੿҅চӢǴЪ༤เ‫ޣ‬ёૈࠞ‫཮ޗܭ‬ය೚ϐೕጄǵ྽Π༤เ௃ნ‫ځ܈‬дυᘋ Ӣન฻ቹៜǴԶౢғჹୢᚒԖ‫ߥ܌‬੮‫܈‬Ԗ༤เ΢‫ޑ‬ᇤৡǶӢԜǴࣴ‫ޣز‬ᔕ‫ܭ‬ୢ‫ڔ‬ ύуຏȨҁࣴ‫ز‬પឦ௲‫زࣴػ‬ϐҔȩ ǵ٠ஒӣԏϐୢ‫ڔ‬Ԗᒪᅅ༤เΟᚒа΢Ǵ‫܈‬ӄ ೽༤เӧӕ΋ঁᒧ໨‫ޣ‬Ǵӈࣁคਏୢ‫ڔ‬ǴЪ௨ନӧҁࣴ‫ز‬ϩ‫݋‬ጄൎϐѦǴᙖа෧ եԜᇤৡр౜ϐᐒ౗Ƕ. ȐΟȑࣴ‫่݀ز‬ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ϐࣴ‫่݀ز‬໻፾Ҕ‫ܭ‬ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐ௃ ‫׎‬Ǵঃऩा௢ፕ‫ځډ‬дᑜѱǴёૈค‫ܫݤ‬ፏѤੇࣣྗǴҭջሡӆ଺຾΋‫؁‬ϐፓࢗ ᆶ௖‫ز‬Ƕ. 8.

(21) ಃΒക Ў᝘௖૸ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ԑӧ௖‫ز‬ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋǴࡺЎ᝘௖૸Ӆϩ Ѥ࿯Ǻಃ΋࿯ᇥܴᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐཀ఼Ϸ‫ޣٿ‬໔ᜢ߯ǹಃΒ࿯ϩ‫݋‬ΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆶ ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำϐᆒઓᆶϣ఼‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯ǹಃΟ࿯ϟಏཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाǹಃѤ ࿯ᇥܴᆶཥፐᆜ࣬ᜢϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǵ૟ϩձᇥܴӵΠǶ. ಃ΋࿯. ᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐཀ఼Ϸ‫ޣٿ‬໔ᜢ߯. ҁ࿯૟൩ᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋϐཀ఼Ϸ‫ޣٿ‬໔ᜢ߯Ǵբࣁ௖૸Ȩᆵύѱ੝௲௲ৣჹཥ ፐᆜᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋȩӧୢ‫ڔ‬ว৖ϐ୷ᘵǶ. ΋ǵᇡ‫ޕ‬ཀ఼ Ȩᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩȐCognitionȑྍԾ܎΍Ў Cognoscere ǴԖȨᕕှȩᆶȨᒣ᛽ȩϐཀǶ ୯ϣᏢ‫ޣ‬ഋ‫׵‬ᆞȐ1999ȑࡰр‫ঁࡰ߯ځ‬ᡏаག᝺ǵ‫ޕ‬᝺ǵ૶ᏫǵགྷႽǵղᘐǵ௢ ౛ǵࡘԵϷ‫ځ‬д‫ޑޕ‬ᐒૈ‫ک‬ѦࣚวғբҔǴаᇡ᛽Ѧࣚ‫܌‬Ӹӧ‫ޑ‬Ӛᅿ٣‫܈ނ‬ඳຝ ‫܄ޑ‬፦ǵ‫ރ‬ᄊǴ຾Զᕕှ೭٤٣‫ނ‬ඳຝ໔‫܌‬Ӹӧ‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯‫߾ݤ܈‬ϐբҔϷՉࣁǶԶ ஭ࡾᑫȐ2011ȑࡰрȨᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩ߯ঁᡏᕇள‫ޕ‬᛽ϐᐕำǴᖐΥ‫ޕ‬᝺ǵགྷႽǵᒣᇡǵ ௢౛ǵղᘐ฻ፄᚇ‫ޑ‬Ј౛ࢲ୏֡ឦϐǶΞླྀ୯ኰ฻ΓȐ1978ȑΨࡰрȨᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩࢂ ঁΓჹ٣‫ނ‬Αှǵ‫ޕ‬᛽ำࡋᆶ࣮‫ݤ‬ǴԶЪ‫ځ‬ჹ٣‫଺ނ‬ຑሽ‫܄‬ϐᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶ࣮‫ݤ‬Ǵࢂ཮ ᏤठόӕϐᄊࡋǶ୯ѦᏢ‫ ޣ‬BiggeȐ1971ȑаࣁȨᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩࢂঁᡏᕕှԾρᆶѦӧᕉ ნǴ٠ᆶᕉნౢғᜢ߯‫ޑ‬΋ᅿՉ୏ǴԶ HilgardȐ1980ȑ‫׳‬຾΋‫؁‬Ь஭Ȩᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩࢂ ঁᡏ‫ޑޕ؃‬ᐕำǴќ RobbinsȐ1993ȑҭࡰрȨᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩ߯ঁᡏჹࢌ΋Ҟ኱‫܈‬٣ҹϐ ߞ‫ۺ‬ǴԶԜߞ‫ٰࢂۺ‬Ծঁᡏҁ‫ي‬ϐࡘགྷǵ‫ޕ‬᛽ǵᢀ‫܈ۺ‬ᏢಞǶ ᆕӝ୯ϣѦᏢ‫ޣ‬ϐᢀᗺǴҁࣴ‫ޑࡰ܌ز‬Ȩᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩ߯ࡰঁᡏа‫ޕ‬᝺ǵղᘐǵ௢ ౛ǵࡘԵϷ‫ځ‬ჹѦࣚ‫࡭܌‬ϐຑሽᆶ࣮‫ݤ‬ǴҔаᇡ᛽Ӛᅿ٣‫܈ނ‬౜ຝǴ຾Զᕕှ‫ځ‬ ᜢ߯‫܈‬ՉࣁǶࢂаǴᙖԜа௖‫ز‬ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜ‫ޑ‬ᇡ‫ޕ‬௃‫׎‬Ǵբࣁ ࣴ‫ز‬ϩ‫݋‬ϐ٩ᏵǶ 9.

(22) Βǵᄊࡋཀ఼ ȨᄊࡋȩȐAttitudeȑྍԾ܎΍Ў AptusǴԖȨ፾‫ޑە‬ȩǵȨӝ፾‫ޑ‬ȩϐཀǶ஭ ࡾᑫȐ2011ȑǵHorneȐ1985ȑᆶ WeberȐ1995/1997ȑࡰрȨᄊࡋȩ߯ࡰঁᡏჹ‫ڬ‬ ᎁ٣‫ނ‬ϐຑሽᆶ഻ൾ‫߄܌‬౜‫ޑ‬΋ᅿ࡭Φ‫ޑ܄‬Չࣁ໼ӛЪԖ੝‫ۓ‬ჹຝȐ‫ڀ‬ᡏ‫ޑ‬Γ٣ ‫ڀߚ܈ނ‬ᡏ‫ޑ‬ᢀ‫ۺ‬ǵࡘགྷȑǶȨᄊࡋȩёவѦᡉՉࣁ௢ෳ‫ڀ‬ᜪϯ໼ӛǴջჹࢌ΋ჹ ຝ࡭҅य़ᄊࡋǴ߾ჹᜪ՟ჹຝΨ໼ӛ࡭҅य़ᄊࡋǶӭኧᏢ‫ޣ‬ȐЦЎࣽǵЦඵѶǴ 2004ǹ‫׵‬ऍ݄Ǵ1983ǹ஭ࡾᑫǴ2012ǹAntonak ᆶ Livneh, 1988ȑᇡࣁȨᄊࡋȩх ࡴΟԋϩǴ२Ӄࢂ௃གԋϩǴջঁΓჹ٣‫ޑނ‬ག‫ڙ‬ǹௗ๱ࢂᇡ‫ޕ‬ԋϩǴջঁΓჹ ٣‫ޕ܈ۺߞޑނ‬᛽ǹനࡕࢂՉࣁԋϩǴջঁΓჹ٣‫ނ‬৖៛੝ਸ߄౜‫ޑ‬໼ӛǶ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ԑӧ௖‫ز‬੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᄊࡋ໼ӛǴΞᏵЎ᝘ᡉҢᄊࡋϐཀ఼х ֖ᇡ‫ޕ‬ԋϩǴࡺஒȨᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩ௨ନӧȨᄊࡋȩཀ఼ϐѦǶӢԜǴᆕӝ୯ϣѦᏢ‫ޣ‬ϐ ᢀᗺǴҁࣴ‫ޑࡰ܌ز‬Ȩᄊࡋȩ߯ࡰঁΓჹ‫ڬ‬ᎁ٣‫ޑނ‬ག‫ڙ‬ǵ഻ൾᆶჹ‫࡭܌ځ‬ϐ໼ ӛǶࢂаǴᙖԜа௖‫ز‬ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜ‫࡭܌‬ϐᄊࡋ໼ӛǴаբࣁࣴ ‫ز‬ϩ‫݋‬ϐ٩ᏵǶ. Οǵᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ໔ᜢ߯ ঁᡏჹ٣‫ޑނ‬ᇡ‫཮ޕ‬Ѱѓঁᡏჹ၀٣‫ޑނ‬ᄊࡋǴࢂаǴᇡ‫ޕ‬ёૈቹៜᄊࡋϐ ‫׎‬ԋǴЪᄊࡋёૈ཮ቹៜѦᡉՉࣁȐླྀ୯ኰ฻ΓǴ1978ȑ ǶFestingerᆶCarlsmithȐ1959ȑ Ь஭Ǵᄊࡋ‫ׯޑ‬ᡂΏӢঁΓჹᄊࡋჹຝ‫ޑ‬ᇡ‫܄ޕ‬ᆶՉࣁ‫܄‬ԋϩѨѐ‫ڐ‬ፓǴ྽ঁΓ ‫ޑ‬Չࣁᆶচᄊࡋ࣬‫ܢ‬᝻ਔǴচᄊࡋࢂց‫ׯ‬ᡂǴᜢᗖӧ‫ঁܭ‬ΓࢂցԵቾཥቚᇡ‫ޕ‬Ӣ નǶΞWeberȐ1995/1997ȑᇡࣁȨᄊࡋȩёૈࣁՉࣁϐ่݀ǴߚႣෳՉࣁϐࡰ኱Ǵ ٠ࡰр‫׎ځ‬ԋࢂࣁᄔॊ࿶ᡍϷᙁϯՉࣁϐᒧ᏷ࢂவ࿶ᡍว৖Զٰ‫ޑ‬ǴЪ཮ᏤЇ҂ ٰ‫ޑ‬ՉࣁǴᕴ‫ق‬ϐǴᄊࡋᆶՉࣁ໔ϐᜢ߯٠ߚൂӛǴԶࢂ࣬ϕቹៜ‫ޑ‬Ƕ ӆ‫ޣ‬Ǵᜢ‫ܭ‬ΐԃ΋ೣፐำӧᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ࣬ᜢჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬Ȑશ୯ϡǴ2010ǹഝమ ᆢǴ2003ǹ໳က‫ؼ‬Ǵ1999ǹ໳ԟ‫ذ‬Ǵ2009ȑᡉҢǴ௲ৣჹȨΐԃ΋ೣፐำȩӧᇡ 10.

(23) ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ΢ࢂև౜҅࣬ᜢǴҭջ௲ৣჹፐำᇡ‫ޕ‬ำࡋၨଯ‫ޣ‬Ǵ‫࡭ܤ܌ځ‬ϐᄊࡋ߾ ၨ໼ӛȨᇡӕȩǴϸϐǴ‫ځ‬ᄊࡋၨ໼ӛȨϸჹȩǶҁࣴ‫ز‬ԑӧ௖‫ز‬ᆵύѱ୯λ੝ ௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋǴࢂаǴȨᇡ‫ޕ‬ȩᆶȨᄊࡋȩ‫ޣٿ‬໔ϐᜢ߯ჹࣴ‫ز‬ ϐϩ‫ڀ݋‬ख़ाǵᜢᗖϐቹៜǶ. ಃΒ࿯. ΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆶ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ ϐᆒઓᆶϣ఼‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯. ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬നಖϐҞ‫ޑ‬Ǵࢂ‫׆‬ఈ੝ਸᏢғૈӣᘜ‫཮ޗ‬ǴԶȨᑼӝ௲‫ػ‬ȩᆶȨӣ ᘜЬࢬȩࢂਔΠᖿ༈ǴӢԜǴ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬౛྽ค‫ݤ‬ᐱҥ‫ܭ‬ද೯௲‫ػ‬ϐѦȐЦ୯๮Ǵ 2000ǹ݅‫ڷ‬ᔾǴ2004ȑǹΞ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ߯а஑཰ԾЬǵό‫ڙ‬Ꮲਠ຾ำज़‫ڋ‬ǵமፓ Ꮲғঁձৡ౦Ǵ‫ځ‬౛‫ۺ‬ᆶΐԃ΋ೣፐำϐ୷ҁᆒઓࢂ࣬಄ᔈ‫ޑ‬Ȑ஭ᇅಹǴ2001ǹ ᐽѠ๮Ǵ2003aȑǶҁ࿯૟൩‫ޣٿ‬໔ϐᜢ߯଺ӵΠᇥܴǶ. ΋ǵΐԃ΋ೣፐำϐᆒઓᆶϣ఼ Ȩΐԃ΋ೣፐำȩࢂද೯௲‫ׯػ‬ॠύȨ஥ӳ‫؂‬ՏᏢғȩ‫ޑ‬ᖂੁύᔈၮԶғ‫(ޑ‬௲ ‫ػ‬೽Ǵ1998)Ǵ၀ፐำϐᆒઓ߯а୻ᎦᏢғ୷ҁૈΚǵғࢲ௲‫ࣁػ‬ύЈǵख़ຎፐำ ಍᏾ǵமፓΐԃ΋ೣᢀ‫ۺ‬ǵᏢਠҁՏፐำว৖ᆶख़ຎཥᑫ᝼ᚒ௲ᏢࣁЬा੝Յ(໳ ࡹണǴ1999ǹಷܴृǴ1999)Ǵ‫ځ‬ᜬᙟၸѐаϩࣽፐำࣁЬ‫ޑ‬೛ीǴᙯࣁаᇟЎǵ ଼நᆶ௲‫ػ‬ǵ‫཮ޗ‬ǵ᛬ೌᆶΓЎǵኧᏢǵԾฅᆶғࢲࣽ‫מ‬ᆶᆕӝࢲ୏Ύεሦୱࣁ Ь‫ޑ‬ቶୱፐำǴаᗉխᏢғӢᏢಞࣽҞ݅ҥǵ‫ޕ‬᛽ᏢಞЍᚆઇ࿗Ǵ٠යࣰᙖҗӚ ሦୱ໔ᖄᛠᆶ᏾ӝǴߦ٬௲‫ػ‬უՔ຾Չი໗ӝբǴቚу‫ڐ‬ӕ௲Ꮲᐒ཮Ǵӆаӭϡ ຑໆБԄǴ᏾ӝᏢಞᐕำǴ‫׎‬ԋ΋ᡏೱೣϐၸำᆶ಍᏾ፐำ‫ک‬௲ᏢǶࢂаǴΐԃ ΋ೣፐำϐϣ఼Ьाࣁว৖ᏢғǺȐ΋ȑᕕှԾ‫ך‬ᆶว৖ወૈǹȐΒȑ‫ݒ‬፞ǵ߄౜ ᆶബཥǹ ȐΟȑғఱೕჄᆶಖ‫ي‬ᏢಞǹȐѤȑ߄ၲǵྎ೯ᆶϩ٦ǹ Ȑϖȑ൧ख़ǵᜢᚶ ᆶი໗ӝբǹ ȐϤȑЎϯᏢಞᆶ୯ሞᕕှǹ ȐΎȑೕჄಔᙃᆶჴ፬ǹ ȐΖȑၮҔࣽ‫מ‬. 11.

(24) ᆶၗૻǹȐΐȑЬ୏௖઩ࣴ‫ز‬ǹȐΜȑᐱҥࡘԵᆶှ،ୢᚒ฻Μ໨୷ҁૈΚǴᙖа ෧ᇸၸѐୃख़૶Ꮻ௲ᏢǴ‫ׯ‬மፓғࢲ‫ޑ‬ჴҔ‫܄‬ǵ୻ᎦᏢғȨ஥๱‫و‬ȩ‫୷ޑ‬ҁૈΚ(௲ ‫ػ‬೽Ǵ1998)Ƕ. Βǵ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำϐᆒઓᆶϣ఼ ҇୯ 73 ԃനԐႧѲᆶჴࡼ‫௴ࢂޑ‬ᖃᜪ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाǴԶ௲‫ػ‬೽ќ‫҇ܭ‬୯ 77 ԃᗎፎᏢ‫ޣ‬஑ৎጓुፐำ኱ྗᆶፐำᆜाǴයࣰග‫ٮ‬፾ӝඵૈǵຎ᝺ǵ᠋᝺ᆶ ަᡏምᛖᜪ੝ਸᏢғᏢಞϐፐำ኱ྗᆶፐำᆜाǶҞ߻୯ϣ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬௲‫ػ‬ϐፐ ำǴӭ٩Ᏽ‫ځ‬ӚԾምᛖᜪձϐԾՉঅु‫ޑ‬ፐำᆜाࣁЬȐхࡴ௴ᖃǵ௴ܴǵ௴Ϙǵ ௴ඵ฻ᜪፐำᆜाȑ Ƕӆ‫ޣ‬Ǵ٩੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ௲‫׷‬௲‫ݤ‬ϷຑໆБԄჴࡼᒤ‫ݤ‬Ȑ2010ȑ ಃ 3 చೕ‫ۓ‬Ǻଯભύ฻аΠᏢਠჴࡼ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำǴᔈԵໆ‫س‬಍‫܄‬ǵሒௗ‫܄‬ᆶ಍ ᏾‫܄‬Ǵаი໗ӝբБԄӢᔈᏢғঁձৡ౦ϐ፾‫܄‬ፐำǴߦ຾όӕૈΚǵόӕሡ‫؃‬ ᏢғԖਏᏢಞǶࢂаǴග‫ٮ‬੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғ፾‫܄‬ፐำǴ٬‫ૈځ‬፾ᔈჴሞғࢲ௃ნǴ ຾ԶԖᐒ཮ᑼΕ‫཮ޗ‬ᆶΓဂǴΏ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำϐᆒઓǶԶ‫ي‬Јምᛖ௲‫ػ‬ϐ፾‫܄‬ፐ ำǴନᏢ཰ᏢಞѦۘхࡴǺғࢲᆅ౛ǵԾ‫ך‬ਏૈǵ‫מ཮ޗ‬ѯǵ௃ᆣᆅ౛ǵᏢಞ฼ ౣǵᙍ཰௲‫ػ‬ǵᇶշࣽ‫מ‬ᔈҔǵ୏բᐒૈ૽ግǵྎ೯૽ግǵ‫ۓ‬ӛՉ୏Ϸᗺӷ฻੝ ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำǹၗ፟ᓬ౦௲‫ػ‬ϐ፾‫܄‬ፐำǴନᏢғ஑ߏሦୱϐуుǵуቶ‫܈‬уೲᏢ ಞѦǴᔈуம୻Ꭶ‫ץ‬ղࡘԵǵബ೷ࡘԵǵୢᚒှ،ǵᐱҥࣴ‫ز‬ϷሦᏤ฻ૈΚǹΞ ӧಃ 14 చҭೕ‫ۓ‬Ǻଯભύ฻аΠᏢਠჴࡼ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำǴᔈ٩Ꮲғঁձሡ‫؃‬Ǵቸ ‫܄‬ፓ᏾ፐำϷᏢಞਔኧǴ࿶Ꮲਠ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬௢Չ‫ہ‬঩཮ቩ᝼೯ၸࡕࣁϐǶ. Οǵΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆶ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำϐᆒઓᆶϣ఼‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯ ΐԃ΋ೣፐำ‫҇ܭۈ‬୯ 87 ԃǴ௭኱ྗ‫ڗ‬ᆜाǵமፓᏢғࢂЬᡏǵख़ૈΚҁՏ ᆶғࢲ௲‫ػ‬ǵЬፐำᆶ௲Ꮲ಍᏾ǵ௦፾‫܄‬ᏢಞᆶӭϡຑໆǴ೸ၸЬᚒ‫܈‬εൂϡǵ ӝբᏢಞ‫ڐ܈‬ӕ௲Ꮲ฻БԄ௲ᏢǴ‫يکځ‬Јምᛖ௲‫ػ‬ፐำமፓϐᆒઓ൳Яࠨӝ (݅ ‫ڷ‬ᔾǴ2004ǹ஭ᇅಹǴ2001ǹᐽѠ๮Ǵ2003a)ǶԶ௲‫ػ‬೽Ȑ1999aȑ‫܌‬ႧѲϐȨ୯ 12.

(25) ҇௲‫ػ‬໘ࢤඵૈምᛖᜪ੝ਸᏢਠ(੤)ፐำᆜाȩ߯ࣁᆶද೯Ꮲғሡ‫؃‬ৡ౦നε‫ޑ‬ᜪ ձᏢғύග‫ډ‬ፐำጓᇙᔈаȨᑼӝচ߾ȩ Ǵமፓሡග‫ٮ‬੝ਸᏢғǴӧද೯௲‫ػ‬ᕉნ Ꮲಞࢲ୏ϐкϩୖᆶᐒ཮Ƕӆ‫ޣ‬Ǵߕ߾ҭೕ‫ۓ‬Ǻ Ȑ΋ȑ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬Ꮲғϐፐำሡ٩੝ ਸ௲‫࣬ݤػ‬ᜢೕ‫ۓ‬ᒤ౛ǹ ȐΒȑӚሦୱ௲Ꮲϐჴࡼಒ࿯ǴᔈୖྣӚᏢಞሦୱᆜाܴ ӈϐჴࡼाᗺᒤ౛(௲‫ػ‬೽Ǵ2003)ǶᏵࣴ‫ز‬ᡉҢȐЦ‫ەݒ‬Ǵ2000ǹЦਁቺǴ2002ǹ ஭ᇅಹǴ2001ǹ່ЎमǴ2002ǹᐽѠ๮Ǵ2003aǹᐽѠ๮Ǵ2003bȑǴΐԃ΋ೣፐำ ‫ޑ‬೛ी‫ک‬ჴࡼᆶ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำࢂ࣬߈‫ޑ‬Ǵ૟բӵΠ༼᏾ᆶഋॊǶ. Ȑ΋ȑ࣬ӕᗺ 1.மፓૈΚࣁЬǵᏢਠҁՏǵ‫୔ޗ‬੝ՅᆶᏢғሡ‫؃‬ ΐԃ΋ೣፐำமፓᏢਠҁՏፐำǴϢ೚Ꮲਠᆶ௲ৣ٩Ꮲғ੝፦ǵሡ‫؃‬ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ ੝‫܄‬Ǵว৖Ꮲਠፐำ‫ک‬௲ᏢीฝǴԜፕᗺᆶӛٰࣣаୖԵ‫܈‬Ծጓ௲‫ࣁ׷‬Ьϐ‫ي‬Ј ምᛖ‫ޣ‬௲‫ࢂػ‬ႜӕ‫ޑ‬ǴЪ‫ࣣޣٿ‬ा‫؃‬௲ৣሡଞჹ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғϐঁձৡ౦Ǵ೛ी ঁձϯፐำᆶ௲‫׷‬ǴӢԜǴ‫ޣٿ‬ӧፐำ೛ी΢‫ת܌‬ᄽϐ‫ف‬Յ൳Яࢂ࣬ӕ‫ޑ‬Ƕ 2.ፐำࢎᄬ߯аቶୱፐำࣁрวᗺ ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ϐፐำǴନΑຎምᜪፐำ‫ޑ‬ᗺӷᆶ‫ۓ‬ӛՉ୏ǵ᠋ምᜪፐำύ‫ྎޑ‬೯ ૽ግǵަምᜪፐำ‫ޑ‬ғࢲᆶ፾ᔈ‫ک‬ൺ଼୍ܺаѦǴ‫ځ‬дᜪፐำ‫ک‬ΐԃ΋ೣፐำϐ ΎεᏢಞሦୱࣣ‫ڀ‬౦Ԕӕπϐ֮Ƕа௴ඵᜪፐำᆜाࣁ‫ٯ‬ǴନȨᙍ཰ғࢲȩ‫ޑ‬΢ ፐ࿯ኧᆶሡ‫؃‬ၨΐԃ΋ೣፐำϣ৒ӭѦǴ୷ҁ΢Ǵ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ϐϤεሦୱ‫఼܌‬ᇂ‫ޑ‬ ፐำϣ఼ǴεӭࢂૈᑼΕӧΐԃ΋ೣፐำϐΎεሦୱ྽ύ‫ޑ‬Ƕ 3.Ь஭᚞࿹ፐำᆶ௲‫׷‬ ΐԃ΋ೣፐำࣁ‫ڀ‬ᡏჴ౜ᏢਠҁՏፐำǴӧᕴᆜύ੝ձೕ‫ۓ‬Ȩቸ‫܄‬௲Ꮲ࿯ ኧȩǵӼ௨ȨᒧঅፐำȩǴќӧȨ௤ፐຼኧȩᆶȨԃࢤȩ΢ҭ଺ቸ‫܄‬ፓ᏾Ƕӆ‫ޣ‬Ψ Ϣ೚‫ي‬ЈምᛖᏢғǴӧᑼӝ੤ભύԖቸ‫ޑ܄‬Ꮲಞਔ໔ᆶᏢಞϣ৒Ǵ‫׳‬๏ϒ௲ৣк ϩ஑཰ԾЬǴа಄ӝ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғ‫ޑ‬੝‫܄‬ᆶሡाǶࢂаǴ‫ޣٿ‬ӧ௲‫׷‬ว৖΢֡Ь. 13.

(26) ஭௲ৣё٩ᏢਠғᄊǵᏢғሡ‫؃‬ǴᒧҔǵୖԵǵ‫ׯ‬ጓ‫܈‬ԾՉጓᒠ௲‫׷‬Ǵᙖҗ᚞࿹ ፐำᆶ௲‫׷‬БԄǴၲ‫ډ‬ӚᏢಞ໘ࢤૈΚࡰ኱‫܈‬੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғঁձϯᏢಞҞ኱Ƕ 4.மፓǵ‫ݙ‬ख़ӭϡᆶ‫׎‬ԋ‫܄‬ຑໆ ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ϐຑໆЬ஭߯٩Ꮲғϐঁձϯ௲‫ػ‬ीฝ(Individualized Education Plan or ProgramȨIEPȩ)ٰჴࡼǴЪຑໆхࡴᏢғ‫ޑ‬ଆᗺՉࣁǵ‫׎‬ԋ‫܄‬ຑໆǴ٠٩ Ᏽ‫ߏځ‬යҞ኱բᕴ่‫܄‬ຑໆǴԶຑໆБԄፏӵǺፐำҁՏຑໆǵ୏ᄊຑໆǵᔞਢ ຑໆǴख़ᗺࣣаᏢғϐᏢಞ߄౜ǵወૈ‫܈‬ᐕำٰຑ‫ۓ‬ǶԶΐԃ΋ೣፐำϐຑໆ߯ җύѧǵӦБࡹ۬‫ک‬Ꮲਠ௦ϩπӝբǴӚ٩៾ೢჴࡼǹຑໆБ‫ݤ‬௦ӭϡ٠ঋख़‫׎‬ ԋ‫܄‬ᆶᕴ่‫܄‬ຑໆǶࢂаǴΐԃ΋ೣፐำຑໆࢂ๱ख़ӧᏢғ୷ҁૈΚ‫ޑ‬ຑໆǴᗨ ҂ӧᆜाύԖܴዴೕጄǴՠ‫܌ځ‬ഋॊ‫ࣣޑ‬ᆶ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғ‫܌‬ሡϐຑໆሥࣁ΋ठǶ 5.а‫ڐ‬ӕǵЬᚒԄ௲Ꮲ‫ک‬ፐำ಍᏾ࣁЬ ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ӛٰமፓሡа࣬ᜢǵሦୱ‫܈‬ਡЈፐำϐБԄǴᡣᏢғஒ‫܌‬Ꮲ಍᏾ၮ Ҕӧჴሞғࢲ௃ნϐύǴ٠Ъமፓ‫ڐ‬ӕǵεൂϡ‫܈‬ЬᚒԄ‫ޑ‬௲ᏢǶԶද೯੤ၸѐ ߯а໺಍ϩࣽፐำ௲ᏢࣁЬǴՠ࿶ჴࡼΐԃ΋ೣፐำࡕǴคፕࢂӧፐำǵ௲Ꮲᆶ բ‫ݤ‬΢Ǵࣣᆶ੝ਸ௲‫࡭ޚ܌ػ‬ǵЬ஭‫ࢂޑ‬όᒉԶӝ‫ޑ‬Ƕ. ȐΒȑ࣬౦ᗺ 1.੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬Ӛᜪምᛖፐำᆜा֡а௲‫׷‬ϣ৒ࣁрวᗺǴЬाа௲ৣࣁҁՏ‫ޑ‬Б ԄٰኗቪǴၨமፓ୷ᘵᇡ‫ૈמکޕ‬ᏢಞǴՠϸᢀΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆜाǴЬाаᏢғ ૈΚࡰ኱ٰኗቪǴ‫཮ޗ‬ሡ‫ࣁ؃‬ЬǴமፓΜε୷ҁૈΚᆶ୻ᎦᏢғ஥๱‫ૈޑو‬ΚǶ 2.੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬Ӛᜪ‫ي‬Јምᛖፐำ໻ϩ୯ύǵ୯λ 2 ໘ࢤǴЪ௴ඵᜪፐำҭ҂ϩҺ Ֆ໘ࢤǶՠΐԃ΋ೣፐำ߾ԖܴዴჄϩ 3~4 ঁ໘ࢤٰ೛ҥᏢғӚ໨ૈΚࡰ኱Ƕ 3.੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाନ௴ᖃᜪаѦǴ‫ځ‬дᜪϐፐำᆜा٠҂ӈрቸ‫ޜ܈܄‬қ௲ Ꮲਔ໔Ǵՠΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆜा߾Ԗܴዴӈрቸ‫܄‬ᆶ‫ޜ‬қਔ໔Ƕ 4.ΐԃ΋ೣፐำ҂Եໆ‫ډ‬ӚᜪምᛖᏢғ‫܌‬ሡϐൺ଼‫ံ܈‬௱ፐำǴ‫ٯ‬ӵǺຎምᜪ. 14.

(27) ‫ޑ‬ᗺӷᆶ‫ۓ‬ӛՉ୏ǵ᠋ምᜪ‫ྎޑ‬೯૽ግǵަምᜪ‫ޑ‬ғࢲᆶ፾ᔈᆶൺ଼୍ܺǶ ᆕ΢‫܌‬ॊǴ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬௲ৣԖѸाΑှȨΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆜाȩϐϣ఼Ǵϩ‫ځ݋‬ ᆶ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬໔ϐ౦ӕǵ௖૸ᜢᖄ‫܄‬Ǵҭᔈᆶද೯௲‫ػ‬௲ৣ΋ଆଞჹόӕ੝፦ϐ੝ ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғϐঁձ௃‫ݩ‬ǴӅӕӝբǵೕჄᏢಞፐำǶӆ‫ޣ‬Ǵ௲ৣᔈଞჹ੝ਸᏢғ ϐሡ‫؃‬Ǵ٠ਥᏵΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆜा଺፾ࡋ‫ޑ‬ፓ᏾ᆶঅ҅ǴനࡕǴӆᇶаᏢғঁձ ‫܌‬ሡϐ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ፐำǴаᅈ‫ى‬ᆶ‫ڐ‬շ‫ځ‬ԖਏᏢಞǶӢԜǴԜҭ಄ᔈࣴ‫ޣز‬ట௖૸ ᆵύѱ୯λ੝௲௲ৣჹཥፐᆜϐᇡ‫ޕ‬ᆶᄊࡋ‫୏ޑ‬ᐒ‫ک‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬Ƕ. ಃΟ࿯. ཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜा. аΠ૟ϩձ൩ཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाȐᙁᆀཥፐᆜȑϐঅुङඳǵ୷ҁ౛ ‫ۺ‬ᆶ੝Յǵ୷ҁૈΚᆶፐำҞ኱ǵ፾ҔჹຝǵᏢಞሦୱᆶ࿯ኧǵΐԃ΋ೣፐำፓ ᏾ǵIEP ᆶፐำᜢ߯ᆶჴࡼ೯߾ӅΎ೽ϩٰᇥܴǶ. ΋ǵཥፐᆜϐঅुङඳǵ୷ҁ౛‫ۺ‬ᆶ੝Յ ΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆜाமፓ஥ӳ‫؂‬ՏᏢғᆶ୻Ꭶ஥๱‫ૈޑو‬ΚǴᆶ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬౛‫ۺ‬ όᒉԶӝǴЪࣁૈᡣ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғǴԖкϩୖᆶද೯௲‫ػ‬ፐำϐᐒ཮ǴӢԜǴஒ Ӛ໘ࢤϐ‫ي‬ЈምᛖፐำǴ଺಍᏾ᆶሒௗǴаံ‫ى‬౜ԖӚᜪ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाϐલ ѨǴࢂаǴཥঅु੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाջᔈၮԶғǴԜΏঅुϐङඳǶԶཥፐᆜϐ ୷ҁ౛‫ࣁࢂۺ‬Ӣᔈᑼӝ௲‫ػ‬ᆶද೯௲‫ػ‬ϐௗॉǴӢԜǴፐำ೛ी߯௦ံ௱‫܈‬фૈ ‫܄‬ፐำǴа಄ӝ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғϐሡ‫؃‬Ǵ຾ԶပჴૈΚǵᏢਠϷ‫୔ޗ‬ҁՏϐፐำǶ ‫܌‬аǴख़ຎፐำᆶ௲Ꮲϐ᚞࿹Ǵауుǵуቶǵख़᏾ǵᙁϯǵ෧ໆǵϩှ‫܈‬ඹж ฻БԄǴቸ‫܄‬ፓ᏾ΐԃ΋ೣፐำࡰ኱Ǵ٠மϯᆶᏢғ IEP բ่ӝǴԜΏཥፐᆜϐ ୷ҁ౛‫ۺ‬Ƕӆ‫ޣ‬ǴନӚ໘ࢤද೯௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाϐᏢಞሦୱᆶࣽҞѦǴќѦу੝ਸ ሡ‫؃‬ፐำаӢᔈᏢғሡाǴЪΞаᇡ‫܈ޕ‬ᏢಞфૈલཞำࡋǴբࣁቸ‫܄‬ೕჄ੝ਸ ௲‫ػ‬Ӛ໘ࢤፐำᆜाࣁচ߾Ƕջаද೯௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाࣁЬືǴຎᏢғঁձৡ౦Ϸ ሡ‫؃‬Ǵቸ‫܄‬ፓ᏾Ӛ໨ፐำǹख़ຎᏢғ໔ঁਸ‫܄‬Ǵ٠а‫ ځ‬IEP ଺ࣁፓ᏾ϐচ߾ǹ੝ 15.

(28) ਸ௲‫ػ‬Ꮲਠᔈԋҥፐำว৖‫ہ‬঩཮ǴЪ௲ৣᔈቚӈࣁද೯Ꮲਠፐำว৖‫ہ‬঩཮ಔ ᙃԋ঩ǴЬा੝Յࣁ಍΋୯҇௲‫ػ‬ǵଯύǵଯᙍ௲‫ػ‬Ο໘ࢤ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำεᆜᕴ ᆜϐࢎᄬȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2008ȑǶ. Βǵཥፐᆜϐ୷ҁૈΚᆶፐำҞ኱ ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ೛ीϐҞ኱߯аᏢғࣁЬᡏǵғࢲ࿶ᡍࣁख़Јǵ୻Ꭶΐԃ΋ೣ ፐำᆜा‫܌‬ගϷᏢғ‫܌‬ሡϐΜε୷ҁૈΚǴӅхࡴǺ Ȑ΋ȑቚ຾Ծ‫ך‬ΑှǴว৖ঁ ΓወૈǹȐΒȑ୻Ꭶ‫ݒ‬፞ǵ߄౜ǵቩऍϷബբૈΚǹȐΟȑගϲғఱೕჄᆶಖ‫ي‬ ᏢಞૈΚǹȐѤȑ୻Ꭶ߄ၲǵྎ೯‫ک‬ϩ٦‫ૈޕޑ‬ǹȐϖȑว৖൧ख़дΓǵᜢᚶ‫ޗ‬ ཮ǵቚ຾ი໗ӝբǹȐϤȑߦ຾ЎϯᏢಞᆶ୯ሞΑှǹȐΎȑቚ຾ೕჄǵಔᙃᆶ ჴ፬‫ૈޕޑ‬ǹȐΖȑၮҔࣽ‫מ‬ᆶၗૻ‫ૈޑ‬ΚǹȐΐȑᐟวЬ୏௖઩‫ޑزࣴک‬ᆒઓǹ ȐΜȑᐱҥࡘԵ‫ک‬ှ،ୢᚒǶӢԜǴаᏢғВதғࢲ࿶ᡍрวǴҗեԶଯ௦೴‫؁‬ ೛ीᆶፓ᏾ፐำϐቫԛǴ٠ख़ຎ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғᆶද೯ᏢғϐҬࢬᆶϕ୏ǴբࣁӢ ᔈӚᜪ‫ي‬ЈምᛖᏢғϐምᛖำࡋᆶૈΚ΢ϐৡ౦ȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2008ȑǶ. Οǵཥፐᆜϐ፾Ҕჹຝ ૟൩ཥፐᆜϐ፾ҔჹຝǴϩȨᇡ‫܈ޕ‬ᏢಞфૈคલཞȩǵȨᇡ‫܈ޕ‬Ꮲಞфૈᇸ ༾લཞȩᆶȨᇡ‫܈ޕ‬Ꮲಞфૈᝄख़લཞȩᏢғȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2008ȑǴᇥܴӵΠǶ. Ȑ΋ȑᇡ‫܈ޕ‬ᏢಞфૈคલཞᏢғ хࡴ໻‫ڀ‬Ԗག‫ަ܈۔‬ᡏምᛖϐຎምǵ᠋ምǵᇟም฻પག‫۔‬Ϸ΢ǵΠަምᛖᆶ ඵΚ҂‫ڙ‬ཞϐတ‫܄‬ഞ࿄฻પަᡏምᛖǵ‫ي‬ᡏੰ১ϷΎεሦୱύҺ΋ሦୱ‫ڀ‬Ԗၗ፟ ᓬ౦੝፦Ꮲғ‫܈‬ᗨࣁၗ፟ᓬ౦ǴՠՔᒿԖ‫ځ‬д‫ي‬ЈምᛖၗᓬᏢғǴ‫ځ‬ፐำೕჄᔈ ᆶද೯Ꮲғ࣬ӕࣁচ߾Ǵё٩‫ঁځ‬ձሡाǴග‫ٮ‬Ꮲಞ֚ᜤሦୱϐፐำፓ᏾ᆶံ௱ ௲ᏢǵᏢಞᓬ౦ሦୱϐкჴ௲ᏢǴаϷ࣬ᜢЍජ୍ܺ฻‫ڐ‬շǴ٠ଞჹᏢғϐ IEPǴ ቸ‫܄‬໒೛੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ሦୱፐำǶ. 16.

(29) ȐΒȑᇡ‫܈ޕ‬Ꮲಞфૈᇸ༾લཞᏢғ хࡴඵૈǵᏢಞǵ௃ᆣምᛖϐᏢғϷύଯфૈԾഈੱᏢғǴ‫ځ‬ፐำೕჄᔈᆶ ද೯Ꮲғ࣬ӕࣁচ߾Ǵோϝё٩‫ঁځ‬ձሡाǴග‫ٮ‬Ꮲಞ֚ᜤሦୱϐ‫ܜ‬ᚆ‫܈‬ѦуԄ ϐံ௱௲ᏢǴаϷ‫ځ‬ӧচද೯੤‫܌‬ሡϐ࣬ᜢ୍ܺ฻‫ڐ‬շǴ٠ଞჹ‫ ځ‬IEP ቸ‫܄‬Ꮲಞ ࿯ኧ‫܈‬ஒ‫ځ‬дᏢಞ࿯ኧǴೕჄࣁ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ሦୱፐำϐ࿯ኧǶ. ȐΟȑᇡ‫܈ޕ‬Ꮲಞфૈᝄख़લཞᏢғ хࡴեфૈԾഈੱǵύख़ࡋඵૈምᛖ‫܈‬ύख़ࡋඵૈምᛖՔᒿԖག‫۔‬ǵަᡏ‫܈‬ ௃ᆣ฻‫ځ‬дምᛖϐӭख़ምᛖᏢғǴ‫ځ‬ፐำೕჄᔈୖྣΐԃ΋ೣፐำϐೕჄǴோё ٩ᏢғϐঁձሡाǴග‫࣬ٮ‬ᜢ୍ܺ฻‫ڐ‬շǴ٠٩Ꮲਠ੝‫܄‬ϷᏢғ IEP ቸ‫܄‬ፓ᏾Ꮲ ಞሦୱ‫܈‬ቚ෧Ꮲಞሦୱϣ৒Ϸ࿯ኧǶ. ѤǵཥፐᆜϐᏢಞሦୱᆶ࿯ኧ ཥፐᆜନ٩ൻΐԃ΋ೣፐำ‫܌‬ೕჄϐΎεᏢಞሦୱѦǴҭԖ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᏢ ಞሦୱ໘ࢤϐჄϩǴ၁௃ӵ߄ 2-1 ‫܌‬ҢǶ ߄ 2-1 ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᏢಞሦୱ໘ࢤჄϩ ԃભᏢಞሦୱ ᇟЎ ଼நᆶᡏ‫ػ‬ ኧᏢ. ΋. Β. ҁ୯ᇟЎ. ኧᏢ ғࢲ. Ծฅᆶғࢲࣽ‫מ‬. ᆕӝࢲ୏ ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬. Ѥ. ϖ. Ϥ. ҁ୯ᇟЎ/मᇟ ҁ୯ᇟЎ/मᇟ. ଼நᆶᡏ‫ػ‬. ‫཮ޗ‬ ᛬ೌᆶΓЎ. Ο. Ζ. ΐ. ҁ୯ᇟЎ/मᇟ. ଼நᆶᡏ‫ػ‬. ଼நᆶᡏ‫ػ‬. ኧᏢ. ኧᏢ. ኧᏢ. ‫཮ޗ‬. ‫཮ޗ‬. ‫཮ޗ‬. ᛬ೌᆶΓЎ. ᛬ೌᆶΓЎ. ᛬ೌᆶΓЎ. Ծฅᆶғࢲࣽ‫ מ‬Ծฅᆶғࢲࣽ‫מ‬. ᆕӝࢲ୏. Ύ. ᆕӝࢲ୏. Ծฅᆶғࢲࣽ‫מ‬. ᆕӝࢲ୏. ੝ ਸ ሡ ‫؃‬Ȑ٩ፐำᜪձϩࢤȑ. ຏǺЇԾᐽѠ๮Ȑ2008ȑǴ୯҇௲‫ػ‬໘ࢤ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᕴᆜǶ. 17. ᆕӝࢲ୏.

(30) ЪӚਠள٩Ꮲғሡ‫؃‬ǵIEP ᆶ௲‫ػ‬೽‫܌‬ጓुϐȨ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ሦୱፐำᄤૈΚࡰ ኱ȩǴ௦ȨѦуȩፐำБԄ໒೛಄ӝ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғሦୱϐፐำǴхࡴȨᙍ཰௲‫ػ‬ȩǵ ȨᏢಞ฼ౣȩǵȨғࢲᆅ౛ȩǵȨ‫מ཮ޗ‬ѯȩǵȨ‫ۓ‬ӛՉ୏ȩǵȨᗺӷȩǵȨྎ ೯૽ግȩǵȨ୏բᐒૈ૽ግȩǵȨᇶշࣽ‫מ‬ᔈҔȩǵȨሦᏤωૈȩǵȨബ೷Κȩǵ Ȩ௃ཀፐำȩ฻ࣽҞǶԶᏢғϐᏢಞᕴ࿯ኧ߯ჄϩࣁȨሦୱᏢಞ࿯ኧȩᆶȨቸ‫܄‬ Ꮲಞ࿯ኧȩǴԖᜢӚԃભ‫ຼ؂‬ϐϩଛ௃‫׎‬Ǵӵ߄ 2-2 ‫܌‬ҢǶ ߄ 2-2 ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำ‫ຼ؂‬Ꮲಞ࿯ኧ ԃભ. Ꮲಞᕴ࿯ኧ. ΎεሦୱᕴᏢಞ࿯ኧ. ቸ‫܄‬Ꮲಞ࿯ኧ. ΋. 22-24. 20. 2-4. Β. 22-24. 20. 2-4. Ο. 28-31 28-31 30-33. 25 25 27. 3-6 3-6 3-6. 30-33 32-34. 27 28. 3-6 4-6. 32-34. 28. 4-6. 33-35. 30. 3-5. Ѥ ϖ Ϥ Ύ Ζ ΐ. ຏǺЇԾᐽѠ๮Ȑ2008ȑǴ୯҇௲‫ػ‬໘ࢤ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᕴᆜǶ ќᏢਠፐำว৖‫ہ‬঩཮ᔈ‫؂ܭ‬Ꮲԃ໒Ꮲ߻Ǵ٩Ꮲਠ੝‫܄‬ϷᏢғ IEP ቸ‫܄‬ቚ෧ ӚሦୱᏢಞ࿯ኧԭϩКǴՠӚԃભᏢಞᕴ࿯ኧόள෧ϿǴЪᏤৣਔ໔ǵϱҶǵమ ௟ਔࢤǴόёӈӧᏢಞᕴ࿯ኧϣǴோᏢғऩԖሡ‫؃‬Ǵ߾ϝё௦ѦуԄፐำߥም‫ځ‬ ‫ڙ‬௲៾ǴԖᜢӚᏢಞሦୱᕴᏢಞ࿯ኧԭϩКϩଛϐୖԵǴӵ߄ 2-3 ‫܌‬ҢǶ. 18.

(31) ߄ 2-3 ӚᏢಞሦୱᕴᏢಞ࿯ኧԭϩКϩଛୖԵ Ꮲಞሦୱ. ԭϩК. ᇟЎ ଼நᆶᡏ‫ػ‬. 20ʘ-30ʘ 10ʘ-15ʘ. ኧᏢ ‫཮ޗ‬ ᛬ೌᆶΓЎ Ծฅᆶғࢲࣽ‫מ‬. 10ʘ-15ʘ 10ʘ-15ʘ 10ʘ-15ʘ 10ʘ-15ʘ. ᆕӝࢲ୏. 10ʘ-15ʘ. ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬. 0ʘ-20ʘ. ຏǺЇԾᐽѠ๮Ȑ2008ȑǴ୯҇௲‫ػ‬໘ࢤ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᆜाᕴᆜǶ. ϖǵཥፐᆜӢᔈΐԃ΋ೣፐำϐፓ᏾ ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำᔈਥᏵ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғᏢಞሡाᆶΐԃ΋ೣፐำ໔ϐৡ౦Ǵ،‫ۓ‬ ፐำϐፓ᏾চ߾Ǵջӧፓ᏾߻ǴӃຑ՗੝ਸᏢғ੝፦ᆶሡ‫؃‬ǴΑှ‫ځ‬ଆᗺՉࣁ‫ک‬ ӃഢૈΚǹௗ๱ϩ‫ૈ݋‬Κࡰ኱ᆶᏢғሡ‫ૈک؃‬Κ໔፾ଛ‫܄‬ǹനࡕǴӆ຾ՉᏢಞϣ ৒ǵᏢಞᐕำǵᏢಞᕉნϷᏢಞຑໆѤεӛࡋϐፓ᏾ǶԶᏢಞϣ৒ፓ᏾ϐচ߾ᆶ բ‫ݤ‬ǴᔈຎӚᜪ੝ਸᏢғϐሡ‫؃‬௦ȨуుȩǵȨуቶȩǵȨᙁϯȩǵȨ෧ໆȩǵ Ȩϩ ှȩǵȨඹжȩϷȨख़᏾ȩБԄፓ᏾‫ځ‬Ӛ໨ૈΚࡰ኱ǴӆਥᏵፓ᏾ࡕࡰ኱Ǵаፐ ำᆶ௲‫׷‬᚞࿹ϐБԄٰ،‫ۓ‬ǶԖᜢᏢಞᐕำϐፓ᏾চ߾ᆶբ‫ݤ‬Ǵᔈຎ੝ਸᏢғঁ ձሡ‫؃‬Ǵ๓Ҕ௲Ꮲ฼ౣǴ௦πբϩ‫݋‬ǵӭϡག‫۔‬ǵ‫ޔ‬ௗ௲Ꮲǵӭቫԛ௲Ꮲǵӝբ Ꮲಞ฻௲ᏢБ‫ݤ‬Ǵᐟว٠ᆢ࡭Ꮲғ‫ޑ‬Ꮲಞᑫ፪ᆶ୏ᐒǹჹၗ፟ᓬ౦Ꮲғ߾୻Ꭶ‫ځ‬ ှ،ୢᚒǵബ೷ᆶ‫ץ‬ղ‫܄‬฻ଯቫԛࡘԵૈΚǶќѦӧᏢಞᕉნፓ᏾চ߾ᆶբ‫ݤ‬΢Ǵ ᔈග‫ٮ‬੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғӼӄǵӼЈЪคምᛖ‫ޑ‬ᏢಞᕉნǴЪ٩ঁձᏢғሡ‫؃‬Ǵ຾Չ ௲࠻Տ࿼ǵ୏ጕೕჄǵᏢಞ୔Ϸ০ՏӼ௨฻ᕉნፓ᏾Ǵ٠ග‫܌ٮ‬ሡϐΓΚǵᇶ‫ڀ‬ ᆶՉࡹၗྍϷԾฅЍ࡭ǶനࡕӧᏢಞຑໆፓ᏾চ߾ᆶբ‫ݤ‬΢Ǵ௲‫ػ‬ຑໆхࡴᏢғ ଆᗺՉࣁຑ՗ǵ࡭ុ‫܄‬ᆶ‫׎‬ԋ‫܄‬ຑໆ‫ک‬ᕴ่‫܄‬ຑໆǶӧБԄ΢ё௦୏ᄊǵᔞਢǵ. 19.

(32) ჴբǵғᄊᆶፐำҁՏຑໆБԄǴакϩᕕှӚᜪ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғϐᏢಞᐕำᆶԋ ਏǴբࣁፐำ೛ीϷ‫ׯ‬຾௲ᏢϐୖԵȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2008ȑǶ. ϤǵᏢғঁձϯ௲‫ػ‬ीฝᆶཥፐᆜϐᜢ߯ ঁձϯ௲‫ػ‬ीฝȐIEPȑࢂࣁΑዴߥ‫ي‬ЈምᛖᏢғǴᕇள፾‫܄‬௲‫ޑ୍ܺػ‬٣Ӄ ीฝǵၸำ୺Չᆶԋਏᔠ૸ϐ٩ᏵǴҭࢂࣁᏢғᔕ‫ۓ‬ϐ᏾ঁ௲‫ػ‬БਢǴаբࣁ᠘ ‫ۓ‬ǵӼ࿼ᆶ௲ᏢᇶᏤ฻ϐ௲‫ػ‬Չࡹ‫ک‬௲Ꮲᆅ౛‫ޑ‬π‫ڀ‬ǶӢԜǴ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғ‫ ځ‬IEP ϐᔕ‫ۓ‬Ǵ໪࿶ၸი໗ӝբБԄ຾Չຑ՗ᆶ᠘‫ۓ‬ǴҗᏢਠՉࡹΓ঩ǵ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬௲ৣǵ ද೯੤௲ৣǵৎߏаϷ࣬ᜢ஑཰ი໗Γ঩฻ж߄ǴӅӕୖᆶ IEP ཮᝼૸ፕǴዴҥ ᏢғૈΚ౜‫کݩ‬ӃഢૈΚǴനࡕ،‫܌ځۓ‬ሡϐ௲‫ػ‬ᆶ࣬ᜢ୍ܺϣ఼Ȑ੝ਸ௲‫ݤػ‬ ࡼՉಒ߾Ǵ2012ȑǶԶፐำࢂҗϣ৒ǵᐕำǵౢࠔΟय़΋ᡏ‫׎܌‬ԋ‫ޑ‬Ǵࡺ੝ਸሡ ‫؃‬Ꮲғϐ IEP ،‫ࡕۓ‬Ǵ௲ৣሡ٩‫ঁځ‬ձ‫ݩރ‬ᆶද೯ፐำϐሡ‫؃‬ৡ౦Ǵ຾Չፐำೕ ჄǶӢԜǴӧᔕ‫ۓ‬Ӛሦୱ௲ᏢҞ኱ਔǴሡୖԵ၀ғϐԃࡋᆶᏢයҞ኱ǴаϷ‫ځ‬ӧ ද೯ᕉნᏢಞज़‫ڋ‬ǵӧද೯੤Ꮲಞ‫ک‬ғࢲ‫ޑ‬ёૈ‫܌܈‬ሡϐၗྍ฻Ǵаբࣁ຾Չϩ ಔ‫܈‬ӭቫԛ฻ፐำ‫ک‬௲ᏢӼ௨ϐ٩ᏵǶᕴ‫ق‬ϐǴᔈᅰໆ௦Ҕද೯௲‫ػ‬ፐำǹ೛ी ӄБՏ‫܈‬ፓ᏾ද೯௲‫ػ‬ፐำБԄǹჹ‫ܭ‬ค‫ݤ‬௦Ҕ೽ϩǴёଞჹᏢғሡ‫؃‬Ǵ೛ी‫܌‬ ሡϐΎεሦୱᆶ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ሦୱፐำǹҭё௦ፓ᏾ྎ೯ᆶ߄౜БԄፐำǴаቚ຾ৣ ғ௲ᏢᆶᏢಞԋਏȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2008ȑǶ. Ύǵཥፐᆜϐჴࡼ೯߾ Ԝ೽ϩ߯ୖԵΐԃ΋ೣፐำᆜा‫܌‬ӈ໪ᒥӺϐ೯߾ǴЪҭਥᏵ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғ ϐ‫ي‬Ј੝፦ᆶሡाǴଞჹᔈ‫ݙ‬ཀ٣໨ᆶჴࡼচ߾ϩϤεӛࡋǴ૟ᇥܴӵΠǶ. Ȑ΋ȑፐำ೛ीБय़ ଛӝ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬Ӽ࿼௛ࡼᆶว৖ᖿ༈ǴБߡ੝ਸᏢਠ(੤)ᆶද೯Ꮲਠ(੤)໔ᙯ ሒǴᆢៈᏢғӧനϿज़‫ڋ‬ᆶᑼӝᕉნύǴௗ‫ڙ‬խ຤ᆶ፾‫܄‬௲‫ػ‬ᐒ཮‫੻៾ޑ‬Ǵ٠Ӣ ᔈᏢғሡ‫؃‬໒೛੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ፐำǴЪᅰໆᆶද೯୯ύλፐำᆜाଛӝǴ୻ᎦᏢғᏱ 20.

(33) ԖΜε୷ҁૈΚࣁЬाਡЈǶΞፐำว৖‫ہ‬঩཮ᔈ‫ܭ‬Ꮲය΢ፐ߻ǴֹԋᏢਠፐำ ीฝೕჄǵ،‫ۓ‬ӚԃભᆶᏢಞሦୱᏢಞ࿯ኧǵቩࢗԾጓ௲ࣽҔਜϷ೛ी௲ᏢЬᚒ ᆶ௲Ꮲࢲ୏Ǵ٠ॄೢፐำᆶ௲Ꮲ‫ޑ‬ຑ᠘ǶԶፐำว৖‫ہ‬঩཮ԋ঩ᔈхࡴᏢਠՉࡹ Γ঩ǵԃભϷሦୱ௲ৣǵ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬௲ৣǵৎߏϷ‫୔ޗ‬ж߄฻ǴѸाਔளငፎᏢ‫ޣ‬ ஑ৎӈৢᒌ၌ǴҭёԵໆᏢਠӦ୔੝‫܄‬ǵೕኳϷ୯ύλ໘ࢤϐೱೣ‫܄‬Ǵᖄӝԋҥ ਠሞፐำว৖‫ہ‬঩཮‫܈‬λࠠᏢਠаӝ‫ٳ‬ኧঁሦୱλಔǴ‫׎‬ԋၠሦୱፐำλಔǶӆ ‫ޣ‬ǴᏢਠፐำว৖‫ہ‬঩཮ᔈԵໆᏢਠచҹǵ‫୔ޗ‬੝‫܄‬ǵৎߏයఈᆶᏢғሡा฻Ǵ ่ӝ௲ৣϷ‫୔ޗ‬ၗྍǴว৖ᏢਠҁՏϷ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ፐำǴ٠ೕჄӄਠᕴᡏፐำीฝǴ Ъ‫ܭ‬໒Ꮲ߻Ǵஒᕴᡏፐำीฝଌ‫܌‬ឦЬᆅᐒᜢഢࢗǴள‫ܭ‬ಃΒᏢය໒Ꮲ߻ൔፎঅ ҅ǵፓ᏾Ǵ٠ӧ໒ᏢΒຼϣஒ੤ભ௲Ꮲࢲ୏ϐϣ৒ᆶೕჄ֋‫ޕ‬ৎߏǶќჹӚᜪ‫ي‬ ЈምᛖᏢғǴᏢਠᔈа஑཰ი໗БԄຑໆᏢғᓬ༈ǵሡ‫؃‬ϷምᛖำࡋǴୖԵፐำ ᆜाϣ৒Ǵஒ‫ځ‬યΕᇶᏤीฝǴ೛ी፾ӝᏢғૈΚϐ IEP аճ௲ᏢǴ٠ᔈԵໆᏢ ғԾ‫ي‬ᏢΚำࡋϷሦୱ໔֡ᑽ‫܄‬ǶΞሡঅಞ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ሦୱፐำᏢғǴ‫ځ‬ᒧঅϐፐ ำᔈа੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ሦୱፐำඹжǶࢂаǴӚሦୱϐૈΚࡰ኱Ϸ௲Ꮲ࿯ኧሡ٩Ꮲғም ᛖᜪձǵำࡋǵሡ‫؃‬ϷૈΚǴख़ཥೕჄᆶፓ᏾Ǵ٠ຎ‫ځ‬Ꮲಞሡ‫؃‬ᆶૈΚǵᏢಞБ Ԅǵೲࡋᆶ౛ှำࡋ฻Ǵჹ‫܌‬ᒧ௲‫׷‬ϣ৒຾Չፓ᏾Ǵаၲፐำᆶ௲‫׷‬ቸ‫܄‬᚞࿹ࣁ চ߾Ƕᇡ‫܈ޕ‬ᏢಞфૈคϷᇸ༾લཞᏢғǴёୖԵ௲‫ػ‬೽ጓᇙϐȨΐԃ΋ೣፐำ ӧᇡ‫܈ޕ‬ᏢಞфૈᇸࡋલཞᏢғϐᔈҔЋнȩǹᇡ‫܈ޕ‬Ꮲಞфૈᝄख़લཞᏢғҭ ёୖԵ௲‫ػ‬೽ጓᇙϐȨΐԃ΋ೣፐำӧᇡ‫܈ޕ‬Ꮲಞфૈᝄख़લཞᏢғϐᔈҔЋ нȩǹၗ፟ᓬ౦Ꮲғᔈаၨ‫ࡷڀ‬Ꮿ‫܄‬௲‫܈׷‬ӭϡϯᏢಞБԄ೛ीፐำǹӭख़ምᛖ Ꮲғ߾ຎ‫ੋ܌‬ϷምᛖᜪձϷ‫ځ‬ำࡋǴୖԵፐำᆜाϐൂ΋ምᛖᜪձፓ᏾চ߾Ǵ຾ Չ᏾ӝǵೕჄᆶፓ᏾ȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2008ȑǶ. 21.

(34) ȐΒȑ௲‫׷‬ጓᒠǵቩࢗϷᒧҔБय़ 1.௲‫׷‬ϣ৒ Ӛሦୱ௲‫׷‬ϣ৒‫ە‬மፓ࣬ϕᜢೱ‫܄‬ᆶᔈҔ‫܄‬Ǵ٬Ꮲғૈಞள᏾ᡏཷ‫ۺ‬ᆶ‫س‬಍ ϯ‫ޕ‬᛽ǴЪᔈঋ៝ᇡ‫ޕ‬ǵ௃ཀϷ‫ૈמ‬ϐᏢಞǴ٠ᆶғࢲ࿶ᡍբ፾ࡋᖄ่Ǵ๓Ҕ‫ޗ‬ ୔ၗྍǵӭ൞ᡏ೛ഢϷᆛၡၗྍǴගଯᏢғᏢಞᑫ፪Ϸ‫ޕ‬᛽‫ޑ‬ᔈҔǶӆ‫ޣ‬ǴΎε ᝼ᚒᔈִ๓ೕჄ‫ܭ‬ፐำीฝύǴҭё٩Ꮲғԃសᆶሡ‫؃‬፾ࡋᑼΕӚሦୱ࣬ᜢ௲‫׷‬ ύǴ‫܈‬ᔈҔᒧঅᆶቸ‫܄‬ፐำਔ໔Ǵ຾ՉѦуԄϐံ௱‫܈‬кჴ௲ᏢǶќѦǴપަᡏ ምᛖᏢғё௦ᙁϯǵ෧ໆ‫܈‬ඹж‫ޑ‬БԄǴቸ‫܄‬ፓ᏾೽ϩᏹբ‫܄‬ፐำϷ௲‫׷‬ϣ৒Ǵ ග‫ٮ‬ၨεࢲ୏‫ޜ‬໔ϷԖճ‫ޑ‬Ꮲಞ୏ጕǹપຎ᝺ምᛖᏢғё௦ᗺӷ‫׷‬਑ǵᇶ‫ڀ‬Ϸ‫ܫ‬ εӷᡏ฻БԄ‫ڐ‬շᏢಞǹપ᠋᝺ምᛖᏢғᔈԵໆ᠋᝺ᇶշᏔ‫܈‬ᇶ‫ڐޑڀ‬շǴа෧ ໆ‫܈‬ඹж‫ޑ‬БԄፓ᏾௲‫׷‬ϣ৒ǹ௃ምǵᏢምϷԾഈੱᏢғԵໆᏢғᇡ‫ޕ‬Ϸ‫཮ޗ‬ว ৖΢‫ޑ‬ज़‫ڋ‬Ǵ௦ᙁϯǵϩှǵख़᏾‫܈‬ඹжБԄፓ᏾ȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2008ȑǶ 2.௲‫׷‬ቩࢗᆶጓᒧ ୯҇ύλᏢ௲ࣽਜጓᒠ‫ە‬а஑཰ࣁ୷ᘵǴӧᚒ‫׷‬Ϸ௃ნ΢ঋ៝ҁβ‫܄‬ᆶ୯ሞ ‫܄‬ǴЪᔈ٩ᏵፐำᆜाጓᒠǴ٠٩‫ݤ‬җቩࢗᐒᜢȐൂՏȑቩ‫ۓ‬೯ၸࡕǴӆҗද೯ Ꮲਠ‫܈‬੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ᏢਠȐ੤ȑᒧҔǶΞ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ᏢਠȐ੤ȑளӢӦ୔੝‫܄‬ǵᏢғ੝ ፦ᆶሡ‫؃‬ǴԾՉᒧ᏷‫܈‬೛ीӝ፾ϐ௲‫׷‬ǶӄਠǵԃભǵᏢය٬ҔϐԾՉጓᒧ௲‫׷‬ ᔈଌȨፐำว৖‫ہ‬঩཮ȩቩࢗǴቩࢗ೯ၸࡕӆଌȨ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬௢Չ‫ہ‬঩཮ȩഢࢗǶ Ξ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ᏢਠȐ੤ȑ௲‫׷‬ጓᒧǴሡख़ຎᏢғӧԋߏᆶᏢಞύৡ౦Ǵᔈ‫ڀ‬ഢ፾྽ ‫ޑ‬ቸ‫܄‬ᆶӭቫԛ‫܄‬ǴаӢᔈόӕᏢғϷᕉნሡ‫؃‬Ƕӆ‫ޣ‬ǴӧӚሦୱ௲‫׷‬ϐϩໆϷ ᜤࡋǴᔈଛӝሦୱ௲Ꮲ࿯ኧϷᏢғૈΚᆶሡ‫؃‬Ǵ‫ڐ‬շ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғլܺԾ‫ي‬ምᛖ ϐज़‫ڋ‬Ǵаᕇठԋф‫ޑ‬Ꮲಞ࿶ᡍǶࢂаǴ௲‫׷‬ጓᒧᆶᇙբᔈаᑼӝᆶനϿज़‫ࣁڋ‬ চ߾Ǵ٩ᏢғᏢಞచҹᆶሡ‫؃‬Ꮓໆᆶ΋૓Ꮲғ࣬՟а௲‫׷‬᚞࿹БԄٰၲԋȐᐽѠ ๮Ǵ2008ȑǶ. 22.

(35) ȐΟȑ௲ᏢБय़ ௲Ꮲᔈ٩ஒҞ኱ǵጓᒧ௲‫׷‬ǵ೛ी௲Ꮲࢲ୏ǵ᏾ӝ௲Ꮲၗྍ຾Չ௲ᏢϷჴࡼ ௲Ꮲຑໆ‫؁ޑ‬ᡯൻ‫ׇ‬ჴࡼǴа‫؃‬௲Ꮲ‫س‬಍ϯ٠ඓඝ௲ᏢᕮਏǶӆ‫ޣ‬Ǵ௲ৣᔈӃຑ ໆ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғ‫ޑ‬ᏢಞำࡋϷሡाǴӆୖԵፐำᆜाচ߾ᆶೕጄǴаᔕ‫ۓ‬፾ӝᏢ ғૈΚᆶሡ‫؃‬ϐ IEPǶҭёᆶৎߏϷᙍૈ‫ݯ‬ᕍ‫ނ܈‬౛‫ݯ‬ᕍৣǵᙴৣ฻஑཰Γ঩Ӆӕ ӝբǴଞჹ‫ي‬ЈምᛖᏢғ‫ݩރ‬ᆶჹӚ໨ࢲ୏ሡाǴӅӕᔕ‫ ۓ‬IEPǴ٠ஒ࣬ᜢ஑཰ܺ ୍ᑼΕ௲Ꮲаပჴঁձϯ௲ᏢǶΞ௲ᏢёຎঁձᏢғ‫ي‬Ј‫ݩރ‬ǵሡ‫؃‬ǴᅰໆӧԾ ฅᆶ੿ჴ௃ნύ຾ՉǴၮҔჴ‫ނ‬Ϸ‫ف‬Յ‫ת‬ᄽ฻БԄᡣᏢғჴሞᏹբግಞǹऩሡճ Ҕኳᔕ௃ნ௲ᏢǴᔈΚ‫؃‬ᆶ੿ჴ௃ნᜪ՟Ƕ௲ৣ‫ە‬ග‫ٮ‬നϿගҢ‫ޑ‬௲Ꮲচ߾ǴЇ วᏢғЬ୏Ϸ፾྽ϸᔈǴ٠ჹᏢғ‫ޑ‬ϸᔈ፾ਔуаႴᓰǴаගϲ‫ځ‬Ꮲಞਏ݀Ƕၸ ำύᔈԵቾࢲ୏ϣ৒Ϸ௲Ꮲᕉნ‫ޑ‬Ӽӄ‫܄‬ǴаӢᔈёૈౢғཀѦ‫ޑݩރ‬ೀ౛ᆶٛ ጄ௛ࡼǶӢԜǴᔈ٩੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғϐምᛖᜪձϷલཞำࡋǴѲ࿼፾྽‫ޑ‬௲ᏢᕉნǴ ᏃໆӼ௨ӧคምᛖ‫ޑ‬ᕉნύᏢಞǴ٬‫ځ‬Ԗкϩግಞ‫ޑ‬ᐒ཮ǴࢂԖշ‫ܭ‬ዕಞਠϣѦ Ӛ໨ΓΚǵ‫ނ‬ΚၗྍϷၗૻᆛၡǴҭૈᙖ௲Ꮲ࣬ᜢᒌ၌ǵ‫ڐ‬շǵӝբᆶЍජٰቚ ຾௲Ꮲਏ݀ǴமϯᏢғԾЬᏢಞǵ‫ץ‬ղᆶബ೷ࡘԵ‫ૈޑ‬ΚǴЇᏤ‫ځ‬ᏢಞӵՖᏢಞǵ ࡘԵӵՖࡘԵǴ຾Զ୻Ꭶಖ‫ي‬ᏢಞϷ‫཮ޗ‬፾ᔈ‫ૈޑ‬ΚȐᐽѠ๮Ǵ2008ȑǶ. ȐѤȑຑໆБय़ ௲Ꮲຑໆᔈ಄ӝϦѳǵ፾‫܄‬চ߾ǴЪᔈਥᏵঁձ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ꮲғϐምᛖज़‫ڋ‬Ϸ ำࡋǴ௦ന፾ӝᏢғྎ೯Ϸ߄౜БԄຑ՗Ǵ٠ග‫ٮ‬፾྽‫ޑ‬ຑໆ୍ܺ௛ࡼǶϣ৒ᔈ ঋ៝ᇡ‫ޕ‬ǵ‫ૈמ‬ᆶ௃ཀय़ӛǹБ‫ݤ‬ᔈӭϡǹၸำᔈঋ៝‫׎‬ԋ‫܄‬ຑໆᆶᕴ่‫܄‬ຑໆǴ ٠ஒᏢғϐᏢಞᄊࡋǵ୏ᐒϷՉࣁયΕຑໆ‫ޑ‬ጄൎǶ೽ϩሦୱ௦ӄ೽‫ܜ‬ᚆᏢಞϐ ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬ᏢғǴё௦ቚմද೯੤ભϐຑໆᚒ໨฻ϣ৒ፓ᏾ǴЪ‫ي‬ЈምᛖᏢғԋᕮ ϐຑໆᔈ಄ӝঁձϯຑໆচ߾Ǵ௲Ꮲຑໆ‫่݀ޑ‬ନբࣁ௲ৣ‫ׯ‬຾௲ᏢϷᇶᏤᏢғ ᏢಞѦǴҭёբࣁᏢਠ‫ׯ‬຾ፐำϐୖԵ٩ᏵǶԿ‫ܭ‬҂೯ၸຑໆϐᏢғǴ௲ৣᔈϩ 23.