• 沒有找到結果。

童年的蛻變:以生命史觀看幼師角色的形成

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "童年的蛻變:以生命史觀看幼師角色的形成"

Copied!
28
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)17 ~W1iffj.G~fU m.li+iH,f~[9M. 20041:j:: 12 Jj. J{. 17-44. .~Q(J• • :. Pl1: '$ £ llfitJJ IliIiPJ fg Q(J ~ J& {)l ~~ W. foo. ~. YJJ~~gijjl¥J.M1:j::*~~iHm1UJ{E@lIUM1:mt!:tW)(H~~-r. ' 1JE~1:rfP±m~l:.. YJJ~;L~? *liffj'Gt)1!!~ 80 1ff~1£A.:XHttr4~cpJQ.Illi;L1:1l'PVJJ~c.liffJi:Jf)l~' ~. mffcttt~:g F. SchUtze PJT~~I¥J~mtIDJ~bUJll.~9im7HJT:1J~. , ~1T1i~YJJ~~ gffi1r~.M1f*~!Mt&.~~ft1{gIDm)l'Hjl¥J~~7t;fJT' ~~*~mt:X*;L ¥j:9itl ' irlljzjl;t±:\ I X:~Ji!~~~t~l¥Jllfi!J. J ' '1~~.M1:j::l¥JfJWIII J ' I JI~*mfitt)~~J1.t J W I ~* e~~gijjE<.~gijje~I¥J)(~J [9~YJJ)G~gijj~~~JI1:I¥JIlfi!J.J!ffj tt~®J!ffjcp , YJJ)G~gijjl¥J±lm!l~~ffcttt:X:1{)~~cp , 1ilftWffcttt ' 1ilAW~MEjlfJ:gl¥J)(tt ' f]e:Att~~~~ft1{gI¥J~fjcp~1:JJJJJ ' $!~~NfljUug@]±lmEl~Wj , ~m71:1l'P lmftl¥JmJJ .M1fm~*~,~tt1:1l'PI¥J!l6\~W'h~d{~~)(~-r ' ~ff~±a~Rt±:\1:1l'P 0. 0. ~~I¥J~~'~~I¥J~Btt1:1l'P~m~mcp~~~~YJJgijjW~ft1{gI¥J**o ~_~:~~. •• Itl,.~~~,a.~.. &~.'~~4~A.M~.T~~fflMff.~. 'it +~1t- ~ : [email protected] .fi#; EI J,jj : 2004 .{f- 7 JI 31 EI ; 1~.iE EI. 'Jj :2004 .{f- 10 JI 1 EI ; -i*Jfl EI 'Jj :2004 .{f- 11 JI 12 EI.

(2) 18. Bulletin of Educational Research December, 2004, Vol. 50 No.4. pp. 17-44. The Transformation of Childhood: A Study of Preschool Teachers' Professional Role Forma­ tion from a Biographical Perspective Ming-Shiang Ni Abstract This research project's purpose was to characterize the professional disposition of preschool teachers. It examined the oral biographies of preschool teachers in order to analyze the relationship between their childhood experiences and their professional role formation. The method of data collection was the narrative interview; the method of data analysis was based on the theory of construction analysis. Thus far the findings indicate that these teachers have undergone four different modes of occupational so­ cialization. They were motivated and have learned to become a preschool teacher: (I )as a result of their father's love and care in early childhood; (2)due to the effects of re­ ceiving little love from their parents in early childhood; (3)after coming to accept the limitations in their own abilities and early environment; (4)through their natural incli­ nation to enact the role ofteacher-as-mother.. Keywords: preschool teachers' professional disposition, biography research, narrative interview Ming-Shiang Ni, Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Early Childhood Education, National Chengchi University E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: July 31,2004; Modified: Oct. 1,2004; Accepted: Nov. 12,2004.

(3) i: -4'-E!iJ~~ :. 1R. ",f;~. -=-=r. Yl. ;f\ tE.1-f;f\%f1j-t: -A. +~. J:A 1. 4fr 5tlili:t WJ grp ~. E. E!iJ% J&. 19. ~. ....lL.L.. 'nu. I=t. "\1tjf~A. +~3&~. ~flj-t:/"\1Lt. :f;T ~ -t:+~ ~1tjf~~:1fflT;t1;tt~:f; ~E1 e..::f:1t~~~ 3!~1Lt ~~~~ fIJ+~Jj~*+J~ 1Lt-l{it~~?~3!it iLt-l{it llLt~1f"jJj(, Jj~1ft+ 11t! 11t!~:f ~ :f%%11:t! ~+J~Jit:.. *. q,t ~ 1t 1-f Jj~ ft 'rR- 1Lt ::f: - :t! "¥ ~~:1f 1:£- 1'1 fA ~~:1f 1:£- 1'1 ~ {Ji 1~ q,t ~!.W..1l: q,t ~ 1Lt -'- M~, fIJ 'rRfIT J:A fIT ~A -t!!. i" / ;f\ ;f\ 1~ i"~, ti 1t jf ;f\ 1ru& 1HLt J~ -r 1±. - ~ 1; ~ 1; ~ Jj~ a:H* 3!::f: 7k j! fA ~11* ::f: i"1t 1-f 9f ~ ~ ~ ~ - .tAr Jj~ ft fp ~ i" 1l: 1-f ~ ~ fA ~ -r 1Lt -l {it ;f\1f"j ~ fl;f\ -t!!. 9f loA llLt ~ 1r, Jj(, fl ~ ~ ~ ~. *. *-. *-. fIJ~~~~~%%1±.~~~Jj(,(.~)1tjf~~:1f • • fA~. M i" 1t1-f "\ 11 ~ 1Lt:1f ;t.$ fIT loA 1; ~ 1~ *- it 11100 it flj Wrtt fA 4JU.~ f!. 00 "-t!!. ~ 1t 1-f "\ 1t jf 1Lt -'- M~. q,t ~ ~ ttllLt ~ + Jj(,1Lt. -rR-* Ui'~ 127-138). 1. (PJ"TJlgf'iJlffijiJJgm) B~~*±$i!oOJm, :mT~/f~i&fI:JmB~ 0:m TW);bgmi¥J~m1*~±~~fX ' ffijL~gm~1m1* ~gm±~m1*ff!/f{JLLl:-Jj~iFr±~fFli3 i¥JRIh ' '81l;l. :p.~±$W±$Fa~i¥JjM;i18WfflG~ PD5IH~~?6JEfR''3tW'Rtifffwil~*1& ' tmPJfflG~);bgm, ~~#~~ff~±$fflG~tp8~ I ElfZ715fflG'i'i J ~f,!fffrr~7T~ifiUg{1.~M~7t ~i¥JMJ1Wgffl~ , {l;l.'f·-tt!.aJA~~3I~ElfZffi~~AfflG:BtB~flfU ~rt:DElfZffi~8~ ~fj , ~cj::rm:~®rpJ~{lIDm~~~AIl**fl'li3B~~~&IjJmiBtp , IlU~~~l£~±$PD f6T1j£ret{¥B~j;J!iBtpOO~I±lElJ~~~B~{ilti: ' ll:t~~jtt~~~{l\II#:f\t~ , [2S!Ilt I fl'li3 7f3fflG J :I~~U~$t~rt:D.±m'±!Mj\Tfl'li3~~B~~l~ , liot~l£~jtll:t~l~i& ,::t~~ tt~tff~tppJT~m?.±z±$ElJ~.J~B~Jl~fflGtt~l~ , ~tm~~UB~~?65l 7js:ti1fjtt*t~ :tE);b7t.~~gjfj. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 4i'~ ~ ;$.h1f 1E E!iJ h1f 1E 1t ~:t.. -. ft-.f. 138ft­. 0. , Jl:t.J'~ 0 1!:X. ~ {~iidl. Jt ~ tHJi, 0 1!1-# ;tc. :X.;$. E!iJ. 127.

(4) ~ 1980 !rf1~~*$~Z!EifJ1-igc.1itfJi:Jf~rPJ ,ji1=rYj]giP!EifJ*,xm$:m!rf*~,~W~*. jEJ~JBg\G~~z~~t11itfJi:. ' :if:!Il9l.~* ±ffd:1tx1tpg~zW*ffifB~. ' :$fL~giP~~1=r1f] , ~g:1J '. ~giP1itf~-TIl~¥X~f~1itfJi:B"J;f~{Aj{B_. .JB.i~D~WW*~Im~~~~t~B"J1itfJi:ifJJi!1I 9l}'[W*ffd:MfIJ{g:M1~pg~. 0. 0. 1~~. ,. [email protected]~ 1 ~giPfIJ{g J B"J~g1f!;jrPJ. , Np~~mn~MJ1:f~giPjEJ{g?fTooJ:l.'fiiB"JW*~D~g , :if:. !Il9l}'[-@m~~~fi~*!Il.'~W~fi.~W~~1tm~~~B"J.m~~. (Kelchtermans, 1990: 321; Ni, 2001: 9) ; ~-1JIID. '. 1j£~giP~Wr1t1itf~B"JW~~1::fj. , 5m~ffr±1t1t~-;fiAW~:tj!3ZR{'Fm~~B"Ji@f~ , ::t~~1J§[Y'~~W!E1JI~1m B"J7tfJT ' 1H1~±~giPl:E~WW*1m~ $ , ~1~Wr5~DfJg , 7fjg\Gw*mlji8&pg1t~giP xft~:tj!~.B"J~f~ , m{J\~~l:E 1 ~-'f-/.~~giP/:fJJ{:f~giP J ~A 1 ~giPjEJ {g J B"J~f~WIH1{*1itfJi: ~\\j~JT$!EifJ{J.nC.1itf~1*~B"J7fjg\G , ~W~$IH1~~giP ~. 0. ~*!Em1itf~B"JI&rPJ&$ifJJZJt~~ili1:r7}[1m ~ 1970 !rf{~t!::W~:J:~~~WxiWJ 0. MtI::fjJ~~tp~ tJ-!EiP ~W*1itfM~giP~*1=r1f]~1itfJi:W@ffifB Wt~IH~Ull~m~~B"J1H11*. '. 1PJ(f-f-tQMI~±~giP*!t~!Em~. ' ~$ , ::f.RMI~±@]lm 0. Kelchtermans (1990:. 321-322) M~ 1980-1990 !rfra'~m!EiP~W1-igc.z1itf~1JDtJ-~@7t~H1:r. : ~giP~2. ~OJj]fJg. , ~giP~*ffd:Wr1tr~~Ji!1I ' ~~t&lJ ' ~f~ffd:Wr~&~~~ , :Mz::t*~giP~ *1itfJi: ' :EfJgl:E*5ir~~' :r~l:E&**W~~~ , :::.t1~.L-~1:r~)1:B"J@M Terhart (1995: 0. 234-256) 1:E~ (~giP1-igc.) (Lehrerbiographien) -X$JU~l::fjli@]l£lit1itfJi:'Pj~ $B"J{~~{'F. ' 7t3U~ : A. Combe ( ~B"Jij [If]. : !rf,~~giP!EifJ:!£!IlW!EifJ~ ) (Alles. Schone kommt danach); P. Sikes ~A (¥)(giP!E1JI$B"JM'.tt.WfB~ > (Kontinuitat und Krisen im Lehrerleben) ; M. Hubeman (~giPW*!EiP1J§~ > (Der berufliche Lebenszyklus von Lehrem) ; G. Hirsch. (~giPB"J1-igc.W&'6IPJ). (Biographie und. Identitaet des Lehrers ) ; K. Flaake ( ~fi1f'B"J~*I&rPJ > ( Berufliche Orientierungen von Lehrerinnen und Lehrem). 0. ~giP~*!Em1itfJi:1:E1~~~W~1itfJi:$$~~ 1960 !rf1~' ~ml:E~~~~@.

(5) ........ 1Jt.p.~W. :t~{I-J~~. , {'Fmgffi~t{r~I¥Jj:!§~. ~~gflHf~~. 0. l-:.t.:£. 4p-t.liJi:tWJtiji ~ ~{I-J%~. 21. 1970 iF{~~~f§IUJZ~gffi~1lI~!iUtf~. , PI. :. PJ~~~gffjffr±~1tutf~~1g¥U 1980 iF{~~lfPj:&l$.gcutf~~iBI¥JHHoo. ' I RXm~. m J ~ff~m-OOt§&ooJjUttl¥J~JF~~?1~~f~ , '8::f~-OOJl~ffj , 1';itfrl=l'Ml:I¥J~ :ij'E"tg.t~fr3-ES"~ , fu::f~EI3pff~~Z7}1:Effr±~{t~t~*ec5E 13.. I RXm~gffi J ~~-OO • • OOA~~ttl¥J?1~~@,~~~~~.m~M.~~~li~. (Terhart, 1995: 228) ~Dt ' !f.Wlf~~~~g;j~m~~~1.1~~~ttl¥Jutf~ , §j:r!i lIl\;lW&1:E~mHJlt~ , 8I*JtltJi:~EI3fijjffGrOJ~.~$OO~1I3t1¥J~~ , ~tzDW6~ , f$gc&~$~~1J~~A~ml¥Jutf~~J[~t:p , B~Wr±~f4~"rOJ:±:.tt~£~~ifHz ?1~~~:ilft~ , ~:tJm-:±:.±I1.IH!~~~~$i!tW~*I5I¥Jf!!M ' ~mA~.tjtlimv zmvt~ffr±~1tutf~i1:A~lfPB~r~'~1f.5C~ , t:fH!t~~Wr±~ P9ffr±~1t~~ t:p:±:• .Ifi~ 0. 0. ttl¥J~~. 0. ~tzD1!~ffr±~~~~ Bude ( 1984: 8-9). 1~~lfP.Ifi~ t:pffr±1tmf@~~*UI¥Jf!!m. 1t*WJl¥Jfl~. '. pff § , ~~f$.gclitf~::ff~PI~. [PJ~PI~1~~lfP~~ekJ~it&~lfP.lfif~ifr±~. 0. ' ~~I¥J:±:~§1~9iIDi1l1 ~mfr3-ES J pff~A , tzo1!~1JOOI¥J?1~ , 1£1iiI~:lr-f!!~~mlll\;*IiiI{~ ,. ~P9tfIUJJJJgffilitf~ 1970 iF{~=tilliti7. ViiI¥JW*tm:tJ '. JD~P9~. PJ {'Fmgffi~tffff~ifr±1tf~f~l¥J~lWi*ME. 0. I\I~ 1980 if-1~1&Wlgffi~t{fj~f*UNI¥J"~. (mfl1GRX:lr[9iF*Um~J{fff~f~) , !¥JT~f~l¥Jmmv. ( 1*J1i~t[iz~~f~A) ~;f§lUJutf. , '~~I¥JRXmJJJ)l~Wutf~~J[~t:pl¥Jm~ lfPMl: {R~Ji~~ ( 1999 : 4-20) @lti <lli+if- (1990-1999) JJJ:¥!zm~utf~z~ i=t'[1:7HfT-J;Jmf4~MWJ&~IfJ~m:±:) , pff~ffl¥J 61 .rufH)(:5ttfTM~ , JJJm utf~:±:~I¥J~Ml:§f5 : :¥!zmlll\;t~t:p{l\f!!~~~g1 (-a-~~lUJi1: ' :¥!Z~J1.J!m ' ~~ §§~ , JJJfl~.m~~ , I1'Fmm& §j ~~*) , :¥!zmW~RX~ ( §1.R~N.m-*)]{£~,~ 'l'~~gffim:±:) , :¥!z~W;3:&~~ffm ' :¥!zgffiz~WI1.~'l'~JO~ , @rll~tffW~1:E ~pffI¥JRXJL. '. 1:E~*+~if-JJJme"Jutf~. 0. ~~.~:¥!zml¥J&~ttm~olUJm-JJJmW~fr3-ESIDRX&JJJmW~W6[PJ~@l¥Jutf. ~. , fu~t~utf~$I¥J~N.mU ' ~4illzAJjj:fi Wm-JJJgffiiii±~fr3~IDRXI¥JI1.~ti ' :±: ~PJ8RXm I JJJm J zfr3-ESmlitf~m~~ , 1tJ[rOJEI3fr3-ESf!!§ifHt:pI¥Jfr3-ESWlT~JL~~~ 0. 1f!!~zW~IiiI~J'~*~IDi1l~lfPOO~~mv*~ifr±1t~5EI¥Jfr3-ES.Ifi@'fu~~ ~ ,I fr3~J ~)f[;m-13..~.lLm-~lfP{~.z7}l¥Jffr±1tff1:E. ' ~lfPf~.JOjf]E*~ffr±~.

(6) *~5EI¥JP3i:S1'F~taJ;) f'J!JJa"Jmi'B. ' ~fla"JW~r5fGZffr5t 7 ~1fi1@jm±!JJHj~WEIj1tfE3 i:Sa"Jm~g , ~t3EIj'@;fct~CPlfJffE3i:S ' :@Glt1tTmJttP3i:SmEIjI¥JJ7g~W~~ , :f3H~EI3 El~fE3i:S~~f=f ' JiA;fctttIm1*~~cp , .il¥U~1fi1El~a"Jft~ '£if-*~,~ J W 'IflMi~fE3i:SHj~J FI3~a"J~~H* ' -=f~D~£1tIfx~;LIflMI~~t~liff Yi: ' EimYJJgffifE3i:St§lmliffYi:;Lilli~r5~~1fi1~~'Ij:*~~mJi ' rm~1fi1*:X:~8l§Jf4;L~ Wlli~7HfT ' im~g~~1'±~~ - :x1t -Wr±~JW~cp!J.Mf~m±Wff~!!~*a.1¥J ffr5t~ , -=f xijgrVHlj1@jm£if-~1fi1*~,~~Ofar1'±f~AW~mt!tW5(1L~.-r ' !t;f~1M *fE3i:S~~1fff*~. ' ~a~?J]\-aJ~mitf:\£if-~1fi1*~~WIM*fE3i:SHj~FI3~ , -aJijgl¥J :X 1t;fct~nJlt~1m1*W~~ , f@1~1~A~Yi: 0. 0. if-illi~~~.Jif'J-=f~ij~~if-jl'YJJgffia"JIM*~1fi1*:X:31!l;IDJ~2 , 1'±~~&1tEl. 1993. §J::kffl))tYJJgffilM*~~~a"J*:x:§3tW:x*cp. , ~JJ!. ':g~/j\:m J ~:P-~~~~I¥JIM. *'I1:~£§JijJ ':g~/j\f~ J ~,**3lI:P-il!J.1tl¥JlM*!JJ~ , 1'±~a"JYJJ~~*)~,Mtcp 0. 1t£*fJ5tj{~. , ~~YJJgffi. ':g~ J a"J!JJ~fu*1W~¥H~L.ffJfflll. 0. Nr¥ 1997 if-WlFI3' ,. 1'±~1fi1*~,~*:x:~1li~7HfT~!jUI!ii7Jl¥Jm!JJ-r. ' m7~~~+111YJJgffi*:x:~cp , -=fir mi:fJ! ':g~!j\:m J I¥J~OfJ!!~'Ij: , w*il!J.'Ij:I¥J!VJ31!l; , ~~!t;f~.~8:J:;R~;L@j~1M *~8l§Jf4J7g~ , ~Ji~tvJif'Jiifj~fl(l~i]3~gffi£if-[Jx:tH~,~a"J*:x:31!l;gJJ~ , :MzW~1!~ ¥j(~~1w§c1iffYi:~~ R. Kokemohr a"J '~~.~m§lfH:5tfff J ~~~£if-~*~,~*:x:§3t!! ~a"J~ijI;fj'ij 1I~~*:X:~1frEa"JWJJi ' 1'±Mfff '~~YJJgffi J a"J~OfJ$}LlFtJli*ij l-r ' ~~ ~%~:tl1i1j]~*:x:§3t±m~~YJJgffi '-=f,¥:cpa"J::k'¥:J a"JEl~ft~~~!VJ31!l; (Ni, 2001: 116-144) ~1l8l§Jf4:5tffflli~ffHRcpm~i:tg~:fJ! ' ±m£if-*~,~1'±~YJJgffi~*fE3 i:SHj~nJlt~J7gf7}~~1R:5E'Ij:I¥J~. Jlmrm§ , ~~&fJ5tfGZffr5t;L*~*~,~mf*!J-fu 0. 0. 0. 2. '*iliff ~t~ik J 1f...;f.5C..bff" '}'[.:;? ik 4' 1f 1i! - ?V~aJj ~1uT 191t,;G ~t~ of a;ta!J~k -1il.*~ m.g~ 0- iLWJ~!II a!JtHifi ' t:.1f.WJti.:r-11JlIi 0. 3 i5}j. ~ 14 .if-~7-.. 0. 0.

(7) 1J?, a.~ t'. :t If- (iJ!kJt ~. :. 1-:). 1..1p- ~. -.:t WJ giji fFJ E. (iJ ff5 A. 23. i¥J1i1f.~iP~rPJ. ; ffiJft1f~Wr'i'U:lm~i¥J~f3(f.ftm~* -r' ~iPs::tttCPS"J.~ (f~:5t~$U1&-'t-FJI) Wff!~ O~~fI47t~) i¥Jf§1L~~ , 5i-ftjji±1!r.ffs"J~f.~fffU (Y;/Jf*f4i¥Jffft) iJ [ItT::ttl 'f:j~~~t<DfilJWffi-=rm J ~~$Jf3ZrPJ~~ , ~f&!ffr±1!r~mfllltflEZ.7t~~§Jti¥J~,~1& ' 1lJ}t)/I[l'jfUi¥J)iAgffi~ ±fff"f~f.:j:i~ 'Y;/Jgffi J i¥J~. ' !t~::ttl~iP~"CP 'fflG~Y;/Jgffi J i¥JQ\~tl~E I.<PfiEl3~Ajfr±1!r~f.:ti~~®. ' fJE~5t=ttl1i1f.j5JT9!f.i¥JY;/JgffiUif* ' ~EB 'OJt:ZNN ffi-=rm J "1t~~fflG '~~!ZWffi-=r J i¥J**Y;/JgffiUif* ' ffiJ lit-@tI~$~"cpfM -flm.;j's EI3 'fOffi-rm J. 0. ~w~~~.~m~.~i¥Jffl~'W.~~~~fflGffi~~~~fflGttffl~,mm. Kokemohr ( 1989: 338-342) ft~W-Utffiffi1itf§"C cpftm~pJT9!f.~wl\~Ht~wEZ.~ffB~. ~ s"J :5t fJT ~l ~ '~'l:1. iP 1'] ~ 'Y;/J gffi • ~ ~ 1['1 J (die berufsbiographische Disposition) (Ni, 2001: 9) ~f~r-g:~1itf§"C*,a~JV.l~T Y;/J@ffi. ~~'['1S"J~®. ' W9!f.~1i1f.~iP*~,~i¥J~MW~f3(~f.~Jrt~iHtf:,f~L\'M§g J. (Disposition) 4 ,. 0. 0. (~~Ui 1 ~~gffi1i1f.*~,~:Jt~Wm~::t~m) 1#l~~fi{lij~iP*~,~@*uff3tS"J*,a~. , 1i1f.~i¥J:5tfJT ' ::ffi.;j'T '1i1f. J. ' ZJ)\@]ff!T Kelchtermans (1990: 321) PJT::t,*~~!Zgffi .~1itf§"C , :Ef:j~ft*,5-§lf&!:t: ' fJ[ft&**ID\!~~~ , ::t1~t)1'f~j(i¥J:EI~~ Zeichner W Gore ( 1990: 333) @]1Irn~gffijji±1!r1tf§I#l)Z:.iIX ' 1j£{J\:EI:5tfJTID\!~~~%f B. Wright, S. Tuska EZ. S. Feiman-Nemser ~i¥J1itf§"CtJl!:tfj : ' fflGM~gffi J s"Jffd:tt1tf&!f¥ ' tt~$U fj~$fflG~~~~~i¥J:Elm. 0. Aristotle (iJ <j[,,*~) tf ' ;~H't;;tifi)jj;qH1.f~l:.-j[,,*, "r1.'if J ;t~~Jii*Jt~ - :f:4bJ-ko ~l:.i!~~ {iJ I3l 0' ;~H1. J ~ raJ ~#:JUx. ' ;;t -1f ~ ~~ fIJ (iJ,t1. 'if ' ~ ~f~l&. 4 1±-. '*. ~lf-JA.~AAA{iJ*~,~.~*00'.~~~*~~~~«A~oc~£'if(4 ~ f-. '. ~~c.j(;.~ ,. 2002 : 39). 0. iIfJ ifU§ )f-'{g- ~ ~~{iJttaJl ~ ):.A~ ~. , '~H1. 00 ,~ ~~. ~¥~#.~flJa~.{iJ£*~~~'~~~~~~~fffIJ~~iIfJ~~{iJ.~'i! ~~M~.I~I~{iJ.A*~.~o~~tt"I~J-~~~~~.~~~fIJ. {iJ#Jt~~'~~-~~~~~AT¥~~~'~*.~.~.~'1..~~~£~ a!;;t{iJ~. mi*Jt. (~i!.~tdf' 1976: 123-124)0 13l~l:.' m:tlf-~&.hJfJtWJgiji~*. 1~{iJ.A'4~~~A •• ~~*fFJ~~~%m~~1f~~flJh'.-~~AWJ ~~*. fFJ. E.t,~[iiJhJfJt~£. 0.

(8) j!1f~WlWm~{mA (tlO£.J:~~. , ~~~ , ::tgffi). 1m1*Jfp'l!fi¥J~~. , ;ttm~::tgffi;lik~. fnI{$ , ;lik-fl~lJiJm~~j!1f~WlWm~{mAIm{*i¥J~fi ' ~~-fl~lJiJ~~ £f.Wlj!1f~Wli¥J1m1* ~II:tWlf.~ , @1ft£f.WlWm~filiAi¥JIm{*m7;tt111~A~1m 1*i¥JJ]U~ (prototypes) , ~ @1ftffm~Oll~-~~i¥J~gffi ' ZJt)t¥Uj!1f~WlZAt~ 0. ijt.i¥J~.. 0. 1£~gilHjtf5"GCP r ~BffiIM~1'T1JJ~)t£f.M*~~;fD**Wlf.~i¥J~~ J. e. , fur~l±\71itf5"G~Bffij!1fi¥JIU~j (Nfffif~ , 1989 : 16 ; Kelchtermans, 1990: 321; Woods, 1993: 4) lZ9I1:t ' :2fi:1itf5"G~{$i!iJj~1Bf2,1]Bffi{li!I~1itf5"G f*~-o]J1-$~2.:tft.:tWflIl.~1fB1itf5"Gl{SlrPJ ' HIi*fi:2fi:~fft-f r 2,1]gffilM~~JI1:IIfiJJ. Ifffi J i¥J~~ ~ftfffi§i , :2fi:1itf5"Gi¥J § i¥J1£~PJ~-o]JR:W~~i2,1]gffi r j!1f*~~ J tlOfilJ1£@1ftW~mt!tW3t~~~T ' ~lf~f~-o]J.:tftle~Lt2,1]~Z~? ~lJiJ~~2,1] Bffit-f;ttj!1f*~~WIM~~~*~Iffi¥J~~m1ijt.cp , Mijt.2,1]gffi~~~ mz.:tftff1§ ~i§::1JOO~4!§-i¥J~~. 0. *B* '. 0. ~~lJiJ~o [~1'XmK~ J. r---+t--i1"O-=;fI-W3f$.-~--I. __. r~:f==~:1. [................................................. ~. (-~/l~Bifj). jt1f.*~~[11~. if/ri<W ~z. r-···;;:~~~~·····l rl-_'"''''_''_'---1--+ i·····j~·~·~jii····l. [~l¥JmM! J. '----+I. § EB. L................................................1. [*E~*~J. =:. ~7GBJ§iIJ~. ----. : {--t~~~5t:i(*r:pm}~UIEIDfBJ5JT~~i¥J~~.

(9) j: Sf- fI-J!l#. ~ : ~J.1:.. 5t ai- ~'Mi\i. ~Q.~t'-. ill. e. fI-J 1tj J&. 25. "'Tif1E1it! Jm~1:ffP1frEf~a~Fs'. , 11~;Y;I¥JJm1* ' Rij~1£~;pf.i*~I¥J.~::tJ$L*~1~ ~ ;$:L ' f-t@]eiTIiJ~~pg~s~~M ' t£$1:ffP{JJ§21itf~1Jjf~Z1itf~1tftf~~ , m3 ~$~~JtUiJ1t1J~JtiT,}]gJ&~ tp*:EIMI¥J ' 0 mJ;~w~{JJ§2I¥Jtt;pf.[E]JtJHIi~~ ~ffP*~~~"S~~Jt ' pJTtJ '8::f1~ijgf!fft1:ffP@]eWffr±tf:x1t1LliJgJ&~tp pJT9tfflj Zffl£I¥JEliZ~~WEliZS"Jffr±tf~~ , [Q]~l£~Fs'i!l5:~lt~JtS~$S I~ , mf!fft 1itf~1tfI[~ffr±wri!l5:$f't~~9t~S"JZP:. fj1~mff~S~~ , ~ffP1~§21itf~l£t~~ gg'I;1(~~1m ' ffr±wr~* F. Schtitze 1£ 1970 if1~pJT~ImS"J1:ffPDmJ;f~§2i*~1* '~,x m!;W~ J (Das narrative Interview) f:fr~~;f§lltm~S"JftJ~ , ~ !f.Bl£Jt'I:11itf~ $tpJU~1:ffPf~§21itf~~j!~~mlS"Jfl;pf.i*~$ , *0g£~:l&lf5& ' :l&m~S"J::tJ$ 0. 0. (Schulze, 1993: 26 ). 0. - , ~*3j.1*~ : *~jill~JJ~~ ;$:1itf~±~i*ffl ~1;;~~1tS"J§JJffik. I. ~,xmJ;gJJffik1* J. *J!iTmgffiDmJ;{JJ§2I¥Jii;pf.i*!t ' Jtlf53U~. ' §JJg~~B"J I ijij]Fo5 J. ftJ~,,~ I f!;j~ J S"JftJ~. (Hennanns, 1984:. 421), §JJffikS"J±~tJ¥~~A@]AB~1:m*~i!l~±' 1~J5U:B-fjM($&B~~m~ ~S"JID~. a. 1'F~ffr±wrf4~~;pf.i*~B"J::tJ$. A~~.k-.~.#. ••••. , Schiitze M~*,xmJ;§JJffik5E~~D~ :. #fI-J~*'~ • • • A_~~._. pq , Wf1~AalJl=14~Jll»"{tU~aIJ~HLt~ , ~lIIjp1t.i1!:?ll!p.Hi3!. 0. ... (Schutze,. 1987: 49). Jti!lf~±~5t -. Mt:*J!iT : (- )±~,xjz!!; (Haupterz1llung) : IlUfgMt:rngJJffik1tfF7fJ ~- I jij;~i:!Fo' ii] J ' ~D : I ;y-,t tt 1t -t-Vi ~ft + BH~ ;ff tL'tt MJ t~ it :i.i - 4 ;ilU/ul-] ~ -k J1I t£ J ' tJ fJEJ!*,x§Jt1tffi El iZ1:ffPf~§2S"J~,xjz!!; pg:&:~¥~~A Elc~~wMH3I=Jt1:ffP j1&$S"J±~~,xjz!!; , tp~::f~fjf , ::f:tT1i ' ~*,xmJ;1~tJf,HfJ!iT ' TI[¥U~,xm!;*5ffii:B :fJ!fYlJtm : I }l,.t@® , %7··· J ::tF7fJ~i:!J!iT~=ffG5tS"J@]Fo' (=)@]Fo' (Nachfrage) : ~3@fi±~,x~S"Jf!;Jt~ , @]Fo'tp§JJ~1tf~tfi§J§§B~~ , 1if!¥ti ' ~jij;*::fm~lf.jt~. *. a. a. 'II.

(10) , =fm~ , =ffJ~~B ' ~TJ§~:flE~f~fljJJB"Jtfu:1J~rp~ , ~¥~~A8"J*,xJI!!;mjJ*Iii *JItMfE )ZP:~J~f1t!.~fgf~ (Bilanzierungsphase) : :=t~~m:tt{JEji¥~~Ait!3fl(; ~rfP1!J~cD"J[jZf{3 ' lWW<:tf ~fJgtbhIi}]¥&~ AI*J~;ttf1t!.§lffiftB"JmfJ~ , 1f:z~maZf§lffi § ~. 0. (­. fl(;~tfpt&$B"J.*Wf1t!.§lffi~ ({~q~W ' 2004 : 28-30 ; Schutze, 1983: 284-285). lWW<*5*1t9tf.tf:l-{51)Ots~. , l~J~ffijJ,xIDt~tf;fq-. -Hf:ffiIi1~§li-s-{<±m L,+-'+'=li-S-+b -.9£ rall'ffiiJ;{QI::I i=iil'r:HI'} 't::!Jlr:::lpJ:l i=irs7]\11i't. (-frO ;< ?~1~ bD./,,,,,-. 0. 'fW"'"P:). '71V"T. 0. EEE~1iffJG5tfJT!1Hjrm:~-bJ:fflj l;1,=li~r. r-hJ'li5rs -7. TT.'/i!:~il'fl.. LX.PJ:l'l"t'l'~"YCK-/r'UIEJE x. '. IZ9Ilt ' PJT1'F§1JW<~fji£fj~if ' ]fd1Xret5EZ"~*ME{i:5Jjf ,- ~q: J !Ji~mdJOOm tlB"Jx::$: ::$:1iff~pJTt>R~B"JXbgffi~tfp*,xIDtx::$: , )[&[~:=t1'Jl~tfplJlEfjB"J1Wji , [7gEg~~1f£ 1iif::,*~*£f ,~~:tjjfgXmHl!r~~mXbgffiB"Jfjf£r~~~fj ,illzrr*,x§3l:gjg@j s!} , m:iWDfl(;~'£:${tt~:Rt:p , x*[7gEgm*~tf:lTl~t)~~1*,x§3l:=tm '-liif::*~,~ J W ,- XbgffifEJ1!tJ~~ J rs~e"JdJf'jg~m1* 0. 0. rt3~~{:ia,xJI!!;:=t1'JI~mr}l~*~,~e"Jj;~tl. ' @J151 DJI!!;1!J§CX::$:wrtz;J *,xJI!!;:=t 1'lI. ffi~~z$~~tt,&;ttsfl(;W~W.ffi~etf:lx::$:B"J~tt°::$:1iffJG:=t~.~. SchUtze ~~~tfp1!JilctiHJGZt>Rfif~A ' t)?~~~:1JA. ' El3Jl!~~fr~IJj~~{~t>RlW 5t11Jfta:~:fr:f:fuif::ji~ 15 if::t)J:zXbgffim~*4t>R~~t~ , 2002 if:: 6 A ~ 2003 if:: 2 H Mrs' , ;tt~J}]t>RlW Y 21 {:tI5 § JW{)J~~~E~Xb*~EtJG1{;IR,PJTz~~~~gffi&~~ B"JIM*~tfpD JI!!;{.§c{'Fm::$:1iffY"Ge"J£J:ff::$: *~OO§I@J{7f*,xJI!!;[7gEgttit13z ' 11X1iff~ 1i4*~,~Z§B'9rm:~ , ~lCl;ttt:p*,xJI!!;t&$[7gEg-df3liif::~~*~,~Zff::$: 13 {51' M {1Xx::$:*,xJI!!;~~Uaf.B"Jj;~tl ' 5t*~~I:f}~~~ttzff::$:jiHT§fi*45ttJT ' :®:13z ;ttfrlJ~tf:lfJl3@15t3Utt*£f ' ~~ , ffr±1tx 1t&£J:IM~gffi~~~1i:~ttz~{§Uji1'T 0. 5. PIT 1f #-11Hi' ;f*1t.~ , Jt tf 1t-1UfUtSf'-1f ~ lO Sf'- ' Jt~ if 15 ~1t~t.Sf'- •• ~h1T~'~.~~#.~ ~lOSf'-~.~ •• '~#7. • • ~,?:M • • ~0J)it. 0. Sf'-tJ. J:.. 0. *-h1T 1U,*:tl. •••• ~M •• ~h1T~'~~*.~. • • 1f~T~~~Jt •• o~1f#'~~~~~.~.

(11) )(*~~~~. 0. fffi~fjt~;fj~jf.~fJ!. i¥J~mJ:~li't]i (PJ~~Ilft~-. '. [g{lI1-$±jt:5t~• • gffifg.*ME~~cp/f[l:1J. : ifr±it~fljUcpYj]gffift3-ES~mmtfj.liil) , ~fJ!~{rnr1~'ii1-';f. B1&1JDA~~~ElMI)(*ttJt1&~~-?J7~fl. ,. n. t.~.~:~~.~.~M~~~~m.. 1Jt. P"tf. 0. ~*~1t~ff. mfl:5t~JTJJ~tEWf~cpMlj!t1zWf~?J7~. , ~1J$~U{t(Wf~ §. i¥Jfffi~m. 0. *. Wf~Jifl:5t~JT?Jj\~~ Schiitze W~~~ W. Kallmeyer P.Ff~mJ:t±:Iz:EJ.~ifHij!.7t~JT1J. : (1):EJ.MX *pg~i¥JMgfI~ , 1!!.M*,tmt~*ff!w';f[ (Ramenschaltelemente) , )(* - *,Ei. (~ mt' mmtWWll~ifH) &~mt8"J~£~mt~7G~ (Kognitive Indikatoren) zla~ ; (2)1i1lm :5t~JT~{'F?J7~ : )(*~mt~*ff!w';f[mfB:5t~JT ' ~~pg?gi¥J*5.mmt (Struktuelle ~~1':f. 0. Schiitze (1983: 285-288) mt±:lm~WiWJ:EJ.M)(*i¥J:5t~JTI~. Beschreibung) 6 , ~a~m (biographische Gesamtforrnung) , ~~:5t~JT (Wissen­ sanalyse) Edlt!J~ra~Jt~tt$5E (konstrastive Vergleich) Schiitze ( 1983: 287) 59:iWWJ ' 0. tl05IU9.:fi ~ijJ${tf:W*~,~i¥Jff!W.$ , Wf~::~t~~:/fPJf'lgJt~ijJjJ(~~pffmt±:lZ t:3 fIG :EJ.~ifHz~~pg?g:fipff:EJ.mi¥J J :Mz.±~M1~~ijJ~~i¥J:EJ.mW~~ , JJ~~~~ lW1ID~1lm:5t~JT?J7,~i¥JflWJ j!~~®?J7,~ , § 8"J1:EmmtIDt~1-$±~ijJ~"i¥J*5. ' ~~~cptm~*5.ra~8"J1IJJ{* ' t)~mt±:l~ijJ~alii~ , ~~1lm~ijJ~"~lEfjij!. t±:I±aWffr±itRIJJ~;fji¥J:EJ.~ifH ' fffi1:E/frq)X*i¥JttJtcp , ~fJifit±:l5fJTi¥J~D~ I. 0. 0. 0. ffi'XIJIIi_~R1tzl'Jfflllft Wf~*5*£JJ![g{lI1-$±~ijJ*~,~~a~m. ' ~lImFYj]gffiii1fa~~1IDJt#CJE** ~~ft3-ESi¥JfilJJmPm L ' ± atlofaJjJ(~ t:3 ~Wffd:itfJ!'ff$:l:jti¥J~~ I t:3 fIG J j!~ ~IDtJj~Hn~ , ~~i¥J${tf:ME~~fOW'& ' jG~8"J~ijJmt;fj , :Mz.~t3f1G*~,~i¥JF7fjmJ:" 0. 6 O~~2.~.~~.~a'*~~ ••ff~tt.~~*A~*••••~a. ~.~M •• ~~#o~IM •• ~J~S*~Ml'~~~4,*~t.I~. '*ftm.J~-~~,~ft_*~.~*~'o.

(12) .li. ~.~ffl~~'~~~#~#T'~.~~~~'~A • • ~.'~.~ ~*--r-~~.#'*~a~. .1t.l!A ~ ~ tis. 0. ....... ~ JtJjll i!A2ftr~~jt.ft.~ fEJ. ~ J!. ;t.l ~ /f: ~ :J:ltt. t,- 8:t '. ~fI'Ht. 0. *~[9{llit±l¥Jjtiff&:BH~~W~~jfj5S"J3t*~g j§ *6f¥iHEamt7ttJT .ttrfJU[9~.w9ffi~~~'r1Z~~.i1{~. 0. ' *1iff9i:7! ~{~§i~ ~D~~§i ,:tEEJ~~~M~M '. ~~~~~~{$±~*~fl'R~lli~jtif~Z'~a~~J'~Mi1~~~lli~ g~~cp*s:~±g. I. f&~.w9ffi J ~fis"J7tfJT*~lfBt#i!.. 0. , EED~~%A~~~t}fJ1JE ' IZ9Iltfft/J\ fJ!~1if:tEJ1:t,fl*~I¥J~J~1 cp fft.~ crfJlL9ffii1fWf4.wffEfJ"W =iffM9ffi~:F1£1fi1& ' *~m~~D~~tf?JT[lftg~l¥J.wffEtli ' 'i'~~cpm~tTij~~D~~F~tf*Ji~S"JtII?JT ' gt ~ft~~Jt* ' 1j£$.w~ 21 if § MI¥Jt:)(,L,\ El cErJ¥JJ¥7 ~*.wffEtli ' JfIE!~frilil¥J 1954 iflli~S"Jt:)('L,\~ffi::tE~1¥Js"J~~ra~ 0. 0. fJ"W~~. 0. ;tif~~l!:J:lJltl+.f~Jj(."""@('f:ff,t~1Et-'#,~'hl~~ (129-131). 7. 0. jtif*~,~!lj~f&ffi:{~gl¥J~fI. ~. ' fj£t:)({J\I¥J*s:~cpmIltJfttMEtBlli* !ljt:)({J\* , ~{~rmv~~f&S"J1f~~~pJTQIli;I¥JEl~$~ , &rm.A¥;J~~Ji!S"J§i'J~ll::.?JT~U. IUllil¥Jjfj5ID~. 0. 0. :tE.Fffi:*I¥J~~,0,jtifm~ffi:l¥Jm~±~~~®j§~.~I¥J~.'~ ~J,m.~~m~7jtif~mm~I¥J~~,m~7B~%~~mffi~I¥JJf~m. f'jg , m{~7~.%~%lfl¥J$~;fD~.~fil¥J~iOO ' m~3(:11Wi~{ii,UiIS"JJJi*± tili (22-45) {flil~~@3W-t;~ , ~+1EtJ1:tra~I¥J~~~tJ&El fl<ra~S"Jfi~IS~~~~~ ®~F~gj§ , ®~~cp~ , IlfJ ' ~ , ~9i-W~~~~~~*i'illi~@El EEm!JJ~ra~ , 0.

(13) ~mrGS~iF~~-+Jf. I. flJ.a~~4Y J U~~~}. : +­. ~!IHlfQ:~~. :. =. i~0~~~~!~~'~:;]. I. I. : Ui'~?1l'r/@,~tl1nf~X :. :vwY~GS. I ____________________ I. ~. rtrJID I WJi J ~X ~*~fflJ.aflJ.a~ ~*$.~Yjf. r---------------------­ I I. :. ~}}}*GS. l.~ii:~-~±~y:. I. I. iJ.~}GS:lI. I. $ ij. ~¥l'J ~~~~. I. r---------------------~. :. : I. : OO¥¥Iti.f-}fl~U~~m~ :. ~---------------------!. o(~Zl-£lI). -~~Iif~W~Y9~~~m*''J'~L~m~, .~l..Ji~tjl+. fi~~1ft:?,;37: ,r~~w- ,if¥r:\:¥~}-.ij:ji[~~~~~~37:±~'r/ J. ~M~~1ft:)f.~tjl+~~m. '. :. ~~:)f. ~b~~~~Y~WJ'~37:.~~aif¥mw~1ft:?';. , ~Iif 0. ~~. ~~~~~~~M~~~Y~~~~1ft:?';~~~~~,~W~~~W:)f~~~M. , ~~~if~;lJID}j}~~Y~!II*m!ID.''J':ir.Ii# ' ~~.~1ft:?';~4!it!l'fIJ~37: ~ , !ID..~~ii!P*_m~Hi1ff~y9u:ii 0. lIlif*Ww~~:t~~fM~&!l~~~~yj!,'J'~~. , &aUl~~'r/~~m1ft:?';. 0 (. IO I-617 ) ~yWm1f~~Npgy:1Y~llJJ3I ' ±~~31~. ,~q~m~UH~~W~~1ft:?';,.~~!ID.3I.ij:H~~~~m~y~,~u:.. ~~fA~1ft:?';' ~.m~ffblfy9:iiilJ37:ij$ijtP¥iij¥37:L~ '3=rJI~''J'~ oq.~~¥~L~~yWji[31tP$~~~1ft:?';,~~~(~~~m~)!ID.~. ~:)f.aa:. '. ~M''J'~~. 0. !ID.~:t~~ji[31Nb.ij:~. , i,f!ID.~J4~ , ~~:lf~~,~YWtP. ~~~~!~~~Mm~~UW$~~~~~~'tP~~~~(~mY)~~37:. , ~~~~~YWD:ttgY:1' ~~~~~Y9tP~~' ~~~~~~m~~m*~~ ow~M~~J4~§ii31W-~{ff!@tP~~~''J'~37:fBi.¥iijiilMt.

(14) ' {j'tj:i$*~,~9=T~r~{iliAS"JJJL§} , ~.tllill¥l!!~±:.rJT.,~¥Us"J~ AW~I-;tf(~ZHmv7B~ , ¥~f&f~S"J~j: , mf~S"J-~-mv$51~WjirtD~~ S"J~Y!MAE3~**jEjeli1l{[email protected]"J7B~ , *~EEM~Ji-:tE{ili~f~f~[7g{t ' MEE[7gffiJ)1Ht S"J ')1}-[7g-)1} J S"JJfH~ , tM FS"J~~If-=t.**~*~Jf::zs"J[z;]Y , ~~~~!J,IGi£ *Wffd:~~f_m{;ttS"Jm:lU;f§B!A!:B:;J , ff!m.I~fHm~t~HjtA.~I~UEzffd:~~{*~*Brp , r~~~rz~;f$J[7g '~*jEjeJ S"J[lii!J1f ~ftS"J-@,'1t~~~ , ~jf:tE:a~j:i$~1E~~ rpm~fIQAS"JtbJYL ' :Mzijg1:£-;tf(~S"JHmv*a;f$Jrp ~j: 'f~f~~(g[EJ J WE31'j(;"1tS"J'~ ~.ffiJs. 0. ~-h ~./.J. 0. 1962 4tbj:S"J• • ' 9ll~:tEr'ilD$tEtb!±.. ' {E!~f,£/J\s"Jj:$1J!J.F1:Ili~X2~Ji!S"JI{'F :Wmvrm@~5ErJT ' :;lft}l~X2£J:lU:W fj'tW1!~rm);1J1:§F;f4 ' TI[:rUWtf,f4:jst*¥~~~ "**PJ* ' 1J!-TI[1:£[EJ- 'rJT);1]ffE~ff~~~ 20 4 ' TI[¥U 2002 4IElm1f~ffiJ::f1~ ::fmIF-llH* 0. 0. .1lfI4*M_mmtrp. , :tlD{PJrn:i~t E3 ,§}rJTNE 1:£*~~-=tmv~JijjMfB~rp , ~~~m);1]gffi '. '~JJ1s"J~-fl!'!l-=t.ftA1l4B:;J:lt'j. s"JlIz:*1ir~mrJT~JJ1tbS"Jj:i$ijg'}]tl. 0. , ~OO~tI4j:i$*~,~IT~S"J{~mzffC( EE:a~j:i$lT~S"J~j: , {@~-=t.~*tf;fj:ff[J~;\ttlrps"JZP:!J ' iftffiJ1*Jf::ZlZ§ff! S"J~~ ~~:It~S"JIi3JB:;J , #~7B~E3~~flmS"JOOM:l f,£/J\@~5ErJT ' PJ~ f~;f$J{tS"J¥~ITIT;\t;\t , ::f1T~~~'}]S"J*a=,*~~T ¥**~::ff:t ; tJOLX2£J:l® '1!I:f~;fD ' !M~'iJ!~UILt.e"JJFmf&, ' ~!ttrm~'I!l:fl®11XlIfjFJi!~5Es"J±:mffiJ j§ , @&TflW me"JtHJ ~~IJ;I;,*E3~~w¥rz~me"J:9}:tEn~' tlP&T-=t.mlF-1;iJLS"Jf~f4 1:£A F3 ~~~~~'fr~;~-r ' '=t8*@~~~ J F&~.1lfs"J RtJJ ' ~ T M{ E3 G'i'R~ffiJ -=ti!J "¥mv;tt~.);1]{*;f4 {j't '=t8*@J ¥U~A. 'E3~~R:5EJ Jj[~,e"J~l~ , fjgtUH3~~A. T~*M[7g1:£{l\lI ' ff~~tlliffM0JE3,§}S"JmM* ' ~X1~1:£&:~,E3~S"Ji:I±Wrp , ~~~ E3 llts"J;f.lf.l :;lft1:£;EL);1]~Z~s"J[EJB:;J. 0. 0. 0. 0. • •. 0. 0. 0.

(15) :t 1¥- a!] !I9l. ~. 1Jl. Q.';}. : J-1.1. 4p- 51!. _;t WJ flip ~ !!. a!] ~ ~. 31. ~fjgl!ljJ=t 1ma"JIG\BMz1' ~1f::~~X:=tI!J~* E§ U:1=e~. , J! W~~~a"J1f:: Wlt:{fu IG\B8"JW~15 Ift- PJfjglri{E.*~~~Am{:!fJ4~~f& ' ~1m.:fJttEgmjif€frft~ ffiJpJT~~.a"JrJg~ , ~fEW*~Dfjga"J~~ , ~f~cj::rm.~{fuA8"Jr&~f~~&-E ' If:t~J~ 0. mgiP±ff~t~M~~*U5~IHm7;!tm~PJTiITRza"JEl{§ (77-110). 0. ffi]~~IIH~tpa"J.~~. *U ' ~U~**~-*m*1ii~£§U:~*f£j19..~~a"JlE1iitt ' 1f::-fit~1fP±1m~w Wifr±ff~:%8"JOSf)J!;. 0. , giP~1Ll!lJJa"J'lw:ij!i] 1~7~~1W*~)t{~8"J,G\B ' m5j§~1'~ H8"J::i:£j::*~.~@]ti ' ~~~** I ¥xwa J W I ¥XWfrl!J J a"J~?~ff~~ lif~jm ::i: '±1mf§*@ifr±wr~~a"JPJfjgtl ' 1:frP*~,~*¥l!i\J1t~)jrPJ1'lBla"JPJfjg'limJJtt: m ~Jt~~tpa"JgiP1:.IiiJ{~ , ~**pg1:E~fla"J~@m:~~mIlfJf ' f~::i:8"J5{~B5P:~~tf:H@l:t;: ~~{Jjl!]3'E1i¥i~l@[b~::ft~~a"J § a 1:E~:t;:W**jq@'lii{~~!fI:~j?~~ , j:1ma"J §U: WiU::W1m1*1:E l~tmJ (122) a"J{~13[~2~' fJ7l!i\J1t JfBL' '~±1mJEiMI% .~;!t§rs,a"J**m{jlij. 0. 0. 0. 0. ~W~~~{Jjl!]~~iMImtp:=t~8"Jifr±.~~.~ffiJ~,;!t~~~mm8"J@1m§U: ~. , Mz?F{.i1f::*l!lJJ:t~1:E~f~~3t1tr:pf¥)t~ij~i 1:E**a"J::i:£j::*~,~~ tp , ~u:1r5 :f1l!M¥Ufjgl!J±1m"tlDfElJ§1HNa"J~:ij!f'*{tf:~ , &]\J§ Jla"J~:ij! , I ~N*U J ~±1m~~ a"JEjij~mJ~tfj-iliBi7'C o±1m- :1JTIfi1:Eifr±.a"J~*U~i'lii1JJtfj~lif8"J*~~ , m~)t ~*~Dfjga"J.~ ; {El~- :1JTIfi;jFff~~:t~mJ~*BI~jG~ r:J U: ~1mffi]§ , {;&[5f1JJ~mgiPjq19..f=r~tpa"J ImgiPWf}<MJ ruJ{*pg , ~::i:£j::lIz~ {'tia"J**m* ±'1fP*~,~£:fJiWtmf1!:a"J~fit ffi] If:ttmf1!:a''Jt~*U1:E±1m~iMIW*~~ ;f~IH~a"J:tf;(~'li~~ , ~*ftj19..a"JPJ~£IPJ'ri::t~~Jfijru:illi* ELfjgl!lJJ±1m~~tfj .~~{~13[~1fPIfT~a"J~*UB~ , 'G\Bgt1:Elf:tiMIf~tp1l1~m*W-tm ' ::i:£j::B~;!t§*1R: k~)tfJff~a"J~~tf[57t ' ~~Jf~ir 1:E~:ij!~R*Utp~~{lkt1~ I ¥XgiP J 'lifi£Z~ *f919..a"J#!:k ' jI~meiPa"J~*ili~i£ ' ~m~~tfj**~AE!U:1EE~a"J~;f~ fjgl!Ja"J t 1m~;!t I::i:£j:: J W I m@ffi Z~ J a"J!Itft~11iH~ , !!itT7 § U: I ~~13[f1WII J a"J1:. 0. 0. 0. 0. -. 0. 0. ~Ir._. OP}[il,~. 0. _ " JII~7.f<fttfB- J..jj~~3i. : fft±fj3t1~*~~~8{ji~~. !J\{i:1:E[T3{lI~±cj:l1f::ttt)i:£j::~]S"J. '. 1972. £j::tfj±'1:E.. ~t~*a"J~~ , %~W{~¥Xa"J.

(16) 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - I I. ~~IITIT• •. I. I. , I. : j;;fJi*f-4~~. ~~1~~gt. tEH@~~~~A:. I I I. : I. I. ~------- ______I ".,'<"-:, ..',:,',',-,,_-. I. I. : ~ftU1t'¥t~5flfm:. ----. ,'. I. : ~&~1~¥n~W:. g~JEPJT::fIlT~f$. ::f0ZP:i¥J~'3t. ¥:Z1l iffrt;tg ~z:stt~. "f¥~~*51¥J. I. :,ml. I. r~~;JI¥Jl!: . , I I I. ___ I. [~&!~*~]. =:. ~7G1L;f§fti~. -+ : {-t~.=tB. I. g\Gm~gm J If:t-m,~,*ffifff~Jffit~. 1~~fj£~r§.f,J:tJB-{~mfj!1~r~Wt7JI¥JI~~Wf~. 0. fj£~},[:tz:CP!)ft~B"J%i&f4¥Ulf~Jlm~3'Gm. , IN~-11!r¥ij=1fm~~~t~\H~cp~gml¥J~~ , J;J~lf;Z0 m&mz1~~~~:f.S§~ I29Jlt 'B~*~1&1g1§~A0m' {EHj~:lJ\{:E1JJ::fltJfji!!~1J ' mt1&*~1i~~A0m11:~ , 19:tE-1E9[7g:tE1ti~T ' ftt!l"~1~~pJT!)ft~l¥Jmff£lSImU9§ 5{!JX1fgmiff4~t!H~*~ 0. 0. :tE/N:E:M:~*af~mm!;[7g~cp. 1J{~{tf:I¥J~.N*IJT. , IJ\1~~gml¥J:M:~MfJS~mfEJt:Z~15t ' ~:tE~~wg. ' ::f1tJf'3'?:~ff*UIt[7g7t¥~~It*Ul¥Jfff*1J ::tmHt<M=1f5'i-:tE1§~.N 1¥J~1~ , ,fiSl* El ~1¥J1~i{tf:Wg1J ' JI~=1f~~It;fl1¥J1jU' ' mt1&~Am~gmifjgfflt ;fI , Mr.:tEgmtglt;flpJT~{~B"JJ3<~il*1iCP , ~~iJ IMttHM¥ I kIJ~~gm J 1¥J.ooIOO ffO~~ffl(J~klJgmZ~ , f-f IJ\1:EffO§ ~-m[7g1}t!tW1~{tf:l¥Jm~~l'lI :tE/N:EB"J@]~J3t1ECP , I klJff£~ J B"J±11IJ*~,~ , ~~~~El ~fflG:f.SmgrPB"JIm~~M'i m~ti :tEklJm~Wlra' , IJ\{~p!p:fm1§±11IJCP~-1lLmgml¥J~~ , »f)~lE~1¥J ' 1E1ili!i ~1igJ~WiSY~~I¥J~ll (3-12) ; ~=1f~~I¥J:ti:& ' ~/J\Wlra'f-f**PJWgz~~IIiI{~~U 91}'[:tEt11!!¥a~ffci~ I Mr§J J W I ~~ J a"J1I1@:ID[ , ffciffy<Uf'&IIiI{~tpB"J I ~gm J 0. 0. 0. 0.

(17) :t~6iJ~~: ~J.1..4p->t .. :t#]gifi~ e.6iJ*~. 15t. o.~~. W r ~~ii J. 33. BkJlli~J'EJf~lJ~,*1 (12-18) , o~7.:tim E3 ilG~~1£Ilt~MB"J~.EU42WBf. $Ko OOWa:;.!tifr±Wr~'6C~*uN~BkJ7t~m1M. ' Ij\{£;!i:~£~flliJ~,~ E3 ilGOJ~gB"JaH~fr ' /f x~~>rf-1£JJ!.~~*UNBkJ~* (?it ' JI;f3j.~Im) , ~~Jlt&@im*Jt~g:1J{~{tf: ( X :ff?it;f3j.OJ ' li~gt~10:lr~~~)j~{1\:%fff.!tnl) ; $~fllimmJ: r!mJUH J *JT~W *UNBkJ7m:tl1 ' ]Z;l~~~Wr-r1~~J~1~:/&{£BkJ~lii1~t¥ ' 1£llliM)(~~m~ , /lW[;J<mffiflli ~A r 0:lr:Sft~ J j)ftJM%lI&;f3j.gt~1 ' Mz:1F*~EI3r'i"D~~~~ffijfEZ~lf.SZ 1£a:;.!t , *g:G5tBkJ~~w~~/f7~mAffr±WrI~lf¥B"J7t~m*U*fOE~ , ~mm B"J~lii11£~*~~~m*UBkJgill~-r ' - ::tJOO*UI!t~'&*UEd~JE'.:timBkJ~W§'m~ ; § ­ ::tJffij ,~g!lWBkJ.:timt!2{l;Pf1£~~~t¥-rfEZ1R:JE' IN*"W[~Ittm*UN!t!t~lii1f*fi,-,,~ , ~~lii1~~B"J r/fUiJE't1J 1£ r{iRftpJB'I'1 J WE3ilG7t~B"JOJ~gftJt~~BA~I±\~~ ~A%lI&;f3j.~W§'7 -=::.1fB"J /j\{£ ' .~zJ~ill~I!tOO~A~~W§'~~~BkJ1j(~ 1£ r ~g:1J J W r Q,@ J JJ!JH.&*U~~-r ' ~1~~ E3 Jt8~JJ!s"Jif~t1~~*.~ E3ilGB"JI±\D .:tim@JlwE3 Jtlli~~W*~.~pq~~~*{RM ' 1£ff!±Wr~~1Jl{w:tt~ ~ , r m)GJ *~~~/j\{£E3ilG~~J'EJ{s1tB"JI±\D ~ffijWm)GB"JIfF ' IN£~~B"J ;!i:jfr±Wr~ r ~glP J B"JJ'EJ{s , ;!i:-{[i!]~ili E3 m~J*retffB"JIE~~mim.~~JiEE~B"Jff!±Wr 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. lli~J'EJ{so. ij£5}:ttB"J~'&*U~@J E3 ~f,*ftf:B"JWPf~. , WPf~1'J17J~ RB!k:8"J;!i::fJ!.OJ1'JBkJ**~ , m:¥~*IEH~ll~~n~g:G~5t;FlE ' .:tim]Z;lffij~g:lrNP. , ~::XB"J:$:tJlm~ "w[~ilf*a~;1tOJ~~1'JB"J r :ffl",£~~~glPJ BkJ~3ft!,£§{slJiIf~ ~imffij§ , ~~glP!)1G , Ui1*7/J\{£~g~~J:~~mglPz.N~ , ~111i:1fB~MB"JM 1~W**B"JOJ~gt11£Itt:f§~~~W1l3 ' .:tim:ff7OJ~Jt~~±;1t~:1JB"J::tJ~ :ttLlUili {~~~W~~D~gpJT$B"J r ~~ J mwe ' glPf-g:mf$J~;1t1J'j]I±\** r 0m~glP J S"J i;tglP~1LIj[1JiI :=ztItt ' IJ\f£~lii1~JmB"J~~t1:EIt~~BA ' ;1t/ff~~B'X~~mglP ' ]l~)jiJj~mglPJ'EJ{s:£1I!r!B"J~imlJil{~ r 0m~glP J ~~ .:tim~J~~~ , 1£:$:tJl{~ftf: BkJm1gz.!l}]~~-r~WW~~D~g , :/&1&~~~,C,\JWJi~A0mij~J9J .~~*~ilI~~~" ' {Et1£"w[IJ!JJ!.B"J1j(m~fll!.~ r glG~i;tg[j] J ~J'EJ{slJiIf~. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

(18) [iH1iUK~]. ,----+. r--------------I. m± frfl5U JiJt \tU. Jl~~~fI5U. INl ~~2;J]Sffl. ~. I I. I. I I I I I 1______ - - - - - - - ­ I I I I I I I· I I. B"J~~~~. Ji:r:pIEU~*. ~ .... IIifx~J&f4~. I. ~B"J~ftmjJ. 1~~~J~gt. I______. rlil~B"J2;J]Sffl*~,~. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. I------------~. : j! A I. Sffl we 2;J] : I. : ~~j!{~. I. I. -+. I. ~------------~. I. I. :I J!-15111HM: :<.> 1 : 1Imut B"J::C: : fF'. --------~. L __________. I. ,~'';'"''. [~B"JgJK~]. -+ : {~~±im I ff1ZmmSffl J Jl:t-W\,\~lm§lfHB"J~J]H~. III 4. I. J\1iJJX~i1J~ffi 1i ~*~~ftj:1UfU )~JHg.± ~.fij. ~,~*r~~ftMJ&rftM~~J~~~:~~W.~ S{j~*l 1955 if-l±I1::tE.cpi¥JPy;g , 1f:£/J\IZ9-BJm~$J7tJitZ.jJ. , jffi~*EEP;$~{~~lm 11m ' EE~~~fIlh~:i1t~i!i¥J/J\m ' ?fft:))tJ~~~mi¥J¥:J:f!ljlit If.if-:ff:£B:ltl@ffifB *~~r&¥X-~~*"*~1& ( :EJ!Bc!x~)J~~~~W~~~* ) , PfuMz15Ff"f~}d;l]fll:OO H:~ , &:{irr~:tE~!B'it~cp~i! ' TI[¥UPtJ1&~~I§I[:t~~~~i!i¥J3t~jffil¥lM :tE~ ~Pfuf::1<;¥Ui;;l]fll:OOnIi¥JI1'1" ' fflG~WJij[~@ffi EI lWJ®:tE0 JLi;;I]fll:OOBff~ 24 40. 0. 0. Wf. *- ~ ~ *" *- k 't/. 0. ,f;t :f::tt 1" .L flO fl-r~E ~ -t 1t ~ ag,f~. -t ~ ~t.f~ a,~ or ~E. ~ ~ G + B~ f~ m!&\ ~ ag }]~ it. -r t1~ ag}]~ it:tt..·· ..... }]~ it a~:tt 1". ag }]~ it!&\ f:. 0. (25-29 ) py;gI¥J:Mif-~~~MH~*l±I5GB~ El Jit-BJ-=r1Hl1*cpW r -BJ*~jEjf3 J i¥J*~,~. , ,L-:,z;&@ffl. ±1HI1*cp r ~@ffli¥J-BJ*~jEjf3 J *~,~i¥JWlm ' ~~l±I~~~;g r -BJ1M~gffl J ;& r ~ @ffl-BJIMJ Jf){1oJi¥JIM~jEjf3M1~Wf!H± m:i:B~Mi¥JPy;g~~:tE~~W~f3(ri'l' , ~±mJ:ttA$!fo/Ji¥Jlm:~ , ~**il;f§ 1L~lmJi~~:tE~illi :tEff&(z.-BJ~~ , l}py;g~~¥U~f3(~gijjW1~m:Mi¥Jt~N ' 0. 0.

(19) 1~".~W. :iif-ag~~. :. ~A!t4jd::...:tWJgifi ~ ~ag%~. ~:¥~1:E~o~~*ZfS J::W EI aEfJ£nJ[,f§~~ji (5-21 ). 0. 35. NY,f§~~ r ~~gjff J pfT1i;~EfJ. ~O~W~~:JH~·rmutB"JlEffii7fjtlu1F~rl:~c:JmI ' r ~@iPJ'El'€S J ~~frj>~~£5E~~£3:*J[ ~~~=tl. ' W~~gjff~O~~~=tlB"J~~f~~8. r ~f3(~gjff J. 0. W r ~~£3:~J[ J. NYJ'El'€SB"J~. ~. , 7fj~J::EfJ~~pfT1.!E~EfJm±itJ'El'€S~ri'iJ ' JEf5:tm:f~1n::t1mPJTtt~B"JNY{Ir!!~$t!t W ' fPJB'if-mtlt:tb1n~@iii±itJ'El'€SEfJ1LI}]*Eiff4CP fPJflti:S ' ~$t!tWCP , A::fB'ifti:S W{lli~1L1JJ ' 1:Efrj>~2;iJB'if*~.~W ' 1JI)@~ri'iJ~~B"J~AWftli~Hi~*~~ , *_f-f f-'{fftlltEfJ r ~~~m J ~jJ.!t ' ::t1m1:E:ffl.*#mB"J~JM:"T ' ~{5:t::f*~,l:EEfJ~'t~*3Z fi:tlt:"?t::t1mf,f r **~@iPIf'F J B"JJ'El'€SWlf-'{fJ:: ' l!t7fjml±\::t1mf-f~AWf}<:i:rs9 r #m J B"J11ffi:f-'fJf@1'l ~~CPf.l~B"J~z. ' BP1:EX*J[W£~.fi{f~~~~~W~5E"T ' 7fj~/J\frj>~EI:fj(; 'IWJ,Wi!~cp~HEfJ~~ , rtt'IW~'tiEfJ5z:M'fff*.~ffii~ttt1JTfJ~~EfJ1J:I: ' *ff£f£1t ~~lfA*a:W:/f~~mWlEfJ r 'l,,:fI* J' m*ElX*J[EfJWlf-'{f~i!W1ttX*J[B"J~~ , 1JOJ:: EI-!it1tt r ~~gjffIf'F J B"J;f'&t~ (92) , ~M~:=tRmri'iJ~3t1~~B"J~lfA*a:W: ' ~t¥~A gffi~t{f1ft~Hf4CPB"J~l&*ff,t~ ::t1m{t<lIftX~PJTii:~B"J § :fj(;~lm~~tE ' .:f!t~ 1nXft~{*CP~11twpt~E'IWt~B"J3(tlt: ' rmItt-1t<lIftX~EfJEI:fj(;~ir1~{~ , BP~~li 4frj>~ § :fj(;~-crp-~ lmpfT1t<f¥B"J pg1#iiI.tb1J ~~gffi*~l&*f,ffrj>~rm~ , .;l!::§:fj(;Wl~'FEfJ~~ , ~ffiJpg'l,\B"J:k~1:EX~J[ iJ lj;j~~B"J'IWJ,W5z:Mcp~1~~~ , m*NN§:fj(;Wlf-'{f'£-1aW~);t:f~1Jt :k~CP~1~ ~~cpm~{tP.AEfJ~5E ' OO~::t1mm$JT~J}~~±W~;>gfPJ**PJf?gB"Jffr±itJ'El'€S !1M fr'p~ffiJ§ , ~Agjff~jffi"f:filtff4 ' ~f?gm~** r 1lt~@jff J EfJ~~J'El'€SJ} , J!iJ IflJi !!fu~fJilipg1:Ef-f2;iJ)-G~WEfJJij.JOO.~1J ' PJ~~ r :kZ}f[1lM ' 1&z~~ J 1:Egjff~tg.W*MECPff,t§. ' ~~pg~EfJiJ 1~*~1±\7~~::t1m~ r ~@iP J W r £3: *J[ J ~tlJ'El'€S-EtffiJ~-EfJ~:fiIt ~l&:w~mfrfiEfJ~~{£Z1~j;j@Jmw¥U r j;j~~~ m J W r f,f~gjffIf'Fmfl J z~-ani!ri'iJJ:: ffi;l!:: , ::tR{t<1I§~pg:f:E!mMll~~B'911J 1J ' ~lIft~J}1:E~~~:% ' r ~gffi - £3:~J[ J EfJ~~J'El~~{~~~~::(:£*a:W: 1:E~l&~WEfJ.[l@"T ' fr9/~f1 r £3:ft~f* J EfJ1m~£J::OOfra~7"~ , ~~*a mcp r £3:*J[ J ID~B"J~f,f~A~:fj(;EfJf'tI±\W/I~1j£EfJJ'El'€S ' ID.w.I±\~ffil..R8"J r Jl~ ~£3: J £3:~J[ft!'€S~{~ )-GB'if'l,\CPEfJf,f£3:~J[B"J::f~M ' ~~**~~m.p;~f~pg~ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

(20) i¥J~~3jH~mFMtW:f-'Jfj~. f~. 0. ;OOflmmff[~U~(~. , ~*Ei~~±1m~£~i¥Jjl'j~~i1'Jr~fl. , 1lit)J~T~~i[J~,~'Im~i¥Jre:~~jl'j~1ii 0. 1978 .1fa~ (frj)!:&:-$~jJG.1f) i¥JJJJfft[glI{'f$~f~ftf:. ' 'i'~~$W¥J\~!X:0J'I~. cpZ~gffiif§fJt~l~~iHl. ' ~P:±'1mi¥JJJJgffi~~jl'j~~rtu1li*~g~1~~mt!t.w-1~ftf:~9FfJ1J s"J~f¥ ' ~$WJJJaffiffrrWrIm{*~~9!J'I~*Ei ' 1£~f¥rzg*~:ltT"frj);g:m~~A~ r:p{:f~ , lW1&~~~7\.1fz~ -$~ , *M~ , ~T"~-fIm/J\1A ' 1984 .1fS"J*~~ ~~;tt:m*f@JAI{'Fmzrta"w!S"J:5t*~ m*~I!S"Jfrj);g:1£ I lli~ J W I qf~ J ' I *~J W I I{'F J 1ir;ra' , l¥*tJG~-'¥-~~IU!otE-s"J~r:p*!&f4~{lL ' fiT a~~~w~~m~o~*~~~~~±.w~~.~• • ~~~.S"J~~~ ~ , ~II:t-j\~~1£I:B~~g3l~ I *~~I.!I J W I §fX~~{~ J S"J'W1~lWJmT"~~ (283-285) ~i[J±1mf¥1£S"J~~WB~r* ' 1£ I *~~~ J W I te~~fImif J i¥J ~~x:*~T"~.T I 'i'0J'I~r:p¥!x:affi J S"J~~~1JIj!\fr 0. 0. 0. 0. 1£ffi**~~I1ilS"Jj!\frL' ±1mMT§a.L-j*~r:p '1l~~re:J i¥Jjl'j~'::fx f£z1J5(~.!f!B1£'f.i¥J~&&@H. ~S"JiftR:D. , ~~mM~gfXW~~~S"J~*iM~. 0. ~II:t-~MIT. ' BP1£"W!~$t~~s"J1~\U~T" ' f£±m~1!B~'fflftzJJJ)t~affi:W~JH~. WQ~'~N~"~A§fX±~ffi*S"JI~~~Lo1£~~S"JJJJ)t~~B~x~. -{5.t:j:JIS"JI{'F ' BP1£frj);g:i¥J~£~Ot!t.w-r:p , ~~Jt~~LJJJ~zj!\fr@]&iJJJ~!x:I{'F~ ~JJJaffii¥Jll!fjw\!. 0. ~1mffi]i3. ' !l.1f~~:&*~Wlgj§~ , *~W~~~1~lMfljpJT*i'iteS"J$IJJWIm{~U~ ~ , ±.jfft!E1£::f~i¥J~$t~~Wjl'j~Im{*Z r:p , ~~:tz:ti~gffiW1~1A!lS"JIErtu ;ff3~w*r:pa~~jl'j~i¥J~~ , ;ff3~7 I a~JUl~J S"J~gffijfrrWrjl'j~Iii{~ ±1m­ 1J1ID~M~jfrrWr!&mS"Jf:m*U1'J~ , g-1J1ID~U1±f:mffljr:ptm~~5¥:rHJT ' tm~~1~ ~. ' ~~~®f¥.mjl8S"JA~~}IDlJJt~~fj , ±1mi¥JfI{[llnl:&**~~jl'j~S"J ~Y&~~WJifWSA ; m~i¥J~ ,rOO9gJ' r~~ J W r §fXi*J1£S"JfOmJ ~~;ff3m±1m ~~~~jl'j~~£~tjil1rtu~i[J (f¥1£) fD~fgZ±~m~1J; 0. 0.

(21) :t ~ hi] ~ ~. 1Jl.".~W . : t).!£ 4p- ~ a:-t W; gifi ~ ~ hi] *3 ~. 37. [~:fX~*~] Jt#9;O~&~. ~. 1-------------­. 1JJ;tB"Jffl:*Jl~Jgffi. I. :. ~~~,F&:)?,t. I. : x:mB"J1Ul : : ~:M~& : ~. : 1ilm~. f&mmgffi. I. t--------------­ I. I. I. ~j;?(J.. J~". I I I. : 'M'- ~gffiJ : I. Y. I I I I I L __________I. : B"JJg~. 1m1*sr'.1ffl:*Jl. gffi**il&*W. ---'1. 1-----------1. /f~f ~lUx; rjt. tp~*B"J~~. :. I. I. !t$:I~:E&~~. I. ,----------,. I. ~ti'l'1fB"JMijg. I. r--------"'l"',-,-.---­ I. I. :fltt.~IUf~t4 : :,;~.•fil f5 B"J : I. ,. i. ,"~' ' - ". I. :~IW : t'1-"1,:,. _~ _________ :. X:*JlB"J@:~ ~. [*1E~*~]. --.: {-t':iX:::l:.fm ,- f&mmgffi J ll:t:.-gT\}~!,m~B"Jg*~ ~5. ~~. ~fi~~MM~~.~.~. •• ~.m. tJJ ftiIi_~~± if {t Ift!l ~ f~saM{tzl¥ If ~ Ii. -,~.~~M.m.~~m~~~~.. ' mj@fElfS ' @J-m ~gli,!Jtff:tEl¥Jffi±frrm1*~~9t:rrt§1Ll¥Jrm1* ' ii:tE1m1***ltcp9t~,Lf::\ E3 ~l¥JfElfS fiffiS mG~CPI¥J@J-m ' *!~~HI&tnfl~B"JfElfS*S~CP , ~~~Wffd:fr:g.@JM1ID1¥J *Jl~$1ll ' mH~Jtt~*l¥Jm±fr~?J~O,&~~ffij1~l¥JiI*~'11 (Bedurfnisdisposition) , NP{Im-mz!ffM(~fElfS~rt:iJ~iI*~rt:iJ ' liffY'Gffd:fr1tl¥J~lf Tillmann (1999: 116-118) ~?Zm~Jtt~1{tzi*J~ , liff~zm@J-mjGfflGJtIli*fElfS1'Jml¥Jijg:tJ tj,YJJliffiS~* W~I¥JYJJgffi ' Jtliif*~.~i*J:&CP¥U®~1t~{g~Jt~1~YJJgffimJt~*fElfS ? ~@] 1§:llt-ro5~ , ot:ff1it~1r'@]~!m*{T*m~~YJJgrp1r'I¥J!tlfp*~.~$Mi ' @J-m!tlfp 1¥J*:j$~Wffd:fr~~ , :X1UJii~W±-m~.::tff!t~-mffij1:IllI¥JW~3 ~~Dffd:fr~ If Kohli ( 1991: 304 ) :tEJt~*ffd:fr1tlT~l¥JliffY'GCP1~tB ' rmD~ffd:fr~~fDAI¥J!t 1ftffr±fr:;~'UfEll;!tB~. , ,- fElfSJ. .ffiSffd:fr*S~B"J£~~fflG7G*. 0. 0. 0.

(22) iP!I!3HMfil[~ifff. '. *~,~z¥'}9!f~. m!tJ~. 17J~1:E~z.:tJlltES"J~ifffilltcp. , 1:E. 0. 1:E[9{lli;1]gijjEI"J 0. illt{$~c.?t*pg. , 1Iif.. 'POfiITfflG~i;1]gijj J IDJ~Fcct5Jl!liEI"J~¥=J,2?djzillta~Ff'l5im)~5I:tl@]IlEI"J. , ~l:±rT *jz§Jt.:tJllf[~M~. '1Iif.*,~,~ J. W 'fflGmi;1]gijj J mm{*f§1LS"J3I*2i ' ~ 3&Q?t~7tfJTS"J§~~1VJ illt ' .:t JIl~iP*~J1t q:r ~~ftj 'ESffr±tHtS"J~f~ , 1!1Jt.:tJIlpMt( t¥El"Jjfet~~m'rWM ' 1'J!tJ{~{tf:Wjfet~f[~1.JS"J3(11].H* ' ~~{ImA{-'~C.AEl"Jl'[fR~ f~cp~1~;Efj[m [LLj{1m~15lj*jzillt7tfJTS"J*2i~ , mB;fJT~f3U:B~~ftj~ffJfflGZ~f~ , J'J 1:R:5Em-{ImJll1:E~m*~,~cpPJTtlWJffJ~tBz '$*~'r1J' Wffr±f{:$m83i"flIz 'jfet f{W~ftj'ESjlij~~m J s"Jjt3lB :I:$Jjfet~ cp ret1'¥EI"J ~~~J: WJIl* ' ¥J:~~jn~f JIl ~'U5Z 1992 if.13tgijj~1Gi;1]¥J:* El"Jt¥ 1:E ' t§'mi£*p)¥J:W511l~~iP~~WJ~S"J@IU:lE{;ttte-aJf[gII1 ' fffijfetlti;1]51¥J:W W~mmEI"Jjlij~pg;fu , mR~~~W;!tCPS"J@jJIm*"1t.:tJll$*~'r1 ' jM[Q]W ~ftj'ESEl"Jt¥1:E:@~ ~)/i-- ' =$Jjfet~?t1t!&*cp ,7t~~ffjU J POfr:lJ&:tl~iP{lmH: ~A**~~~~EI"J~.1.J ' 1:E[9{ll{$.:t~nJTCPJj\I'[~IiJ 5! ' 7t~::13~~~W:;§ EI"J§ill~W~tt ' {£Pf1:R:5E~ 'i;1]gijj J 1:Effr±~**5tcp{j£~~fflG:§ttEI"J'r1f~ fffi~iW.:t 1JrE7t~;g~~*t-fJJ! ~ ~$*~'r1 ' :@G~m{ImA'11rPJ j;)~m3!Jr~JJ!:$m1~{tf:El"JfflG 0. 0. 0. 0. ~*~'~5!ffr±~7t~.:t~:@~~~El"JE1.Jft~m-~~i;1]mfflG~EI"J~iP~~°1:E. , i;1]gijj~~ftj'ESffJfflGR~g~~1fi1CPS"J '::fUiJE'11J WirI±f{?t1tcp EI"J '{M~ J (PO: :PJ~lfJTffjlj~S"J~:lL) *;j(~@H:fflG~i;1]gijjEI"J&\~ (~5!~;f~ : jfet~mffjlj cpi;1]gijjftj ~lfjfflGmt:f~ Iiil ) 1:E{ImJll~iPJ1tf~cp"~EI"J#H' ' &B!k:EI"J~jjI±f{.:tmt:El"J1J!iliBW1li{[l[1l ' ~~;!t Ilt~t¥El"Jf~{tf:~. 0. Fa5@jJI~ti7lfj~9tmte;!t1OO!ffEI"J!ff~W$*:@rPJ. EI"J]jl~jjI±~1ttitfJi:~fR. (Heinz, 1995: 58-60). 0. : ~:f~f[g1.JWjfet~milfB '. 0. :fN~ E.-H. Hoft. W W.. Lempert. 1li{[l[Il~]jl~jfet~1tEI"J£~5C*. [91ll1-'.:tftj'ESlfjfflGJ1tfj7ttJT*2i~. , :t~B7. ,~~ftj'ESEl"Jlfj. fflG J ' ::fR~fF~@A~t¥m-jfet~WjjI±~Im{*~~~Wft.~!!I!*2is"Jm~fE~ , BJ! ~&f1i~ffr±lt~$1tW@A~~:1JEl"J1~{tf:~Nffjljcp , ~i1J§3IDt ' ftj'ES~:f~fj~1.JEI"J~1~ , $*~jfetlt~1¥~tt~ffjUJ1tf~*1j(5E {fink ' ~fr5mi;:t~f5lj7ttJTCP;Efj[m ' )/i--1:E£ftm 1~ftf:H~;!tmilfBI11W~Nffjlj'r1 ' :$mcpft.El"Jjt3lBWA~1~~Jj\1§;!t5tj'lf'11 ' ~m i!!::W- cp1¥.&*ME pgm~{i!2AEl"JrM~~~ , *~,~{$7j(&j(~L5HI{fj;s"Jjlij~J1tf~ , .i§'~.:t 0.

(23) 1Jt.p.~~ . i:if-Fl-J~~. : t).1.4f!ta;{WJgrp ~. ~FI-J%~. 39. lmJf3Emtillz18*f§~~~Nf!Wffii*:MtfJ. ' ~ffif~3iJH±tAI¥J El~%rrlGtt ° ~Jl:I;;:=tlmf'jgltJB"JPJfmttWm~tt ' m5lfHt£~t:6rJ*,t~f¥.&Il;!:5t;ffTCP , ::tf'jg7~~U tlli!!~J5! ' li [PJ B~ fEl;g 5e, ° utf~*E :!ifUm:f5!8"J 'xJJU~'fjCf'~f~8"J!ifij]. J ' , {~tl1l if. 8"J Jt5 Will J ' , II&-! *:Jt fit j;)j~~ ~ J W ,~* f,J: ~~ gffi EZ.~gffif,J:~ B"J ~ liM! J llt [9 .~~~~~ttB"J!ifij].~~,mffi7:=tlmmrrlG~~~~~~1lif.~~~~. (entwerfen). 8B"Jj7g~ liif.rrlG!H~JM~ft~$-B"J1J~~W£\~~tt~~--r ' ~ff::f.f:=tlm 0. Ifflmffi~$-~.w8"JmlErJJi. °. 'iffll':t: J 8"J~ , ~~jji±WrW*~~~i$j~~rnrz:ffllt:fr*1 ' 8ft. ~$-tltl~*Eff4CP~)j~ij?J[PJ~gffiW~~~l¥J**1~~ °. ='M~m~~~~~~~Mm~~~~.~. ... •• ~,~~~*~*_.#, ~~.#~~~~ ~t4rt°®~a~~4 ••• ~~.~.4* • • ~~.~~.(.#)~ • • • A'~A~~ • • t*~~~H~ •• ~l~~~*~~~'.A~±.t.~~. ,~fIJ~#Jf~J~~1 ° (~Ft1t. ,1975: 94). ft£liif.*~,IMn~umrrlGj;)~gffi~:!=t~*~ ~. , Il:c-'~H~~fjPJj;)~3t~~$-ff::f.fB"J It::$J5!~ ° "1t (Verwandlung) -ij't1J8"Jj§:1J:X1tffifff~1Jjf(ElD~1!*lt~~{$.MC ' W lf~~~8"J 'JEf&fim J {$.~W/fPJ:5t ' rzgIl:c:!=t+1Jjf(*!}~:f.f*~tt§*3 ' ~~:x1t ~lfB~~~BZ~~ , ,~IHtCP8"J 'm~ J (transcendence) ~~pg~~*~m~ , ~ -t]§3~' "1t-~'t1JB"J*~~N~l!Wi~1N~ 'ff::f.f~J ~N9 ° ~~"1tpJT()jI3-B"J~ -~ 'm~ J B"JPJf'jg , ffif"1t8"J~~./fIffl:=tlmpJTrnr!}B"Jffd:Wrij*~ , :t:!=t&:=tlm ~~~JE ' ~;f)(~ff4$Ugffi±g.~ff4l¥Jffd:Wr1t~fjcp , :=tt;f-f:x1tffd:Wr8"J*~~ijlfB~ , 8 ~t."'~).I.5tlr (2000: 114-115) .(f.~3!i.f.t~11"''f '~a:t!:~~<j ~ 'Bi-MJ H 1~ B~ , t). ,~t ~Mi. J ( Geworfenheit) .&. '.f~ At J (Entwurf) *- /Ul.Jfn 1. 4f 3:.. ft11- ~ Bi-M~~'fFI-J'.~J~'**-Jo~~~'**aJK.{f..m~. •• ~'f'~1.. ~.'~.J~'ttAtJ~t~.~o*~.~~.~&.,~rtt~J~.3:..ft. 9. 1ft.~~11-Fl-J."'·ti.'f' '.f~J ~**~%~FI-J "~~J ~ ''flll·ti. J o $-~;'~Wltt' #11::.FI-J '11-~'" J (ontological) ~~bJf1i.ttt:1/.~ ,2003. if- 5 A. °.

(24) 81li-a-~ID~1=.m®)'l;f~~89~glJJtl. ffr±tf~*U-:1J®PJ~g~f{*U&1j(JE1lt$A. 0. ;. , t~BtB"1t89PJ~g'l± "1tZ~/f7U~fj/t tB1=.1mtlDfaJ@]JJ!.t:tmt!t:W89~fI~f{*U~*U ' ~~i:!lJ~B1=.m@]JJ!891'J1JJ~~ , ~ J:[p~.t:t1fP"1t8"J~~ , 7)]\~1=.m~;!t~¥-tt¥~t1~8"J~§ [g{ll~1=..t:t1fP*:ZJm;f!{~*;ft , ~~fr~JIEm1=.m~t¥YJJgm1'F~;!t~*jEj{s8"JOO ~, If:t-.t:t1fP1ftVfjpg~8''J''1JTWft~'I± 'nEEl7~**1J:Jt1tfflG~YJJgiP89~ut&JIEm ' -illYJJgiP/f-i±}~~~*!J:ittE~~~W:*U&JiAgiPjlf;{r~~ffMI1~~~ , 1l!JIEpJT1lt~ j;tEfflG~YJJgiP ' ~~lZ9 I ~lXffiliJ ffiJ~F,tfJ!1£89YJJgiP~ ~mYJJgiPjEj{s{'Fm.t:t1fP 3C~ZpJT' I -ltt~:t J §}t~~89~f&1iS~~1=.1m.t:taTi*~,~:LtWJ8"J1I{OO:ID~ ,~*~§ lmZYJJgiPtillJ;:;~&1~·HffiiliFI=t~lf:t-fJ!~JIHj , J!/fm~~fjcp.t:t1fP1=.1mtlD{ar®t-fEl ~W:9}1£~~~*T ' pJTIli-a-89~~U.t:taTi~~~~ tlD~t¥~flf~pJT~7G89 1* ij£~lf:t/f'IBLm-~fj$1tt:89¥JW~~ J ' ~~*:zm::g8"J@ElpJTOO@:8"J.t:taTi~fj , ~g~ fJ!tBA~~~*jEj{S89~*ffr±tf1tZ~~JIHj , ffiJlf:t~fjpM,,\l\.-a-89t¥~~$3 , fu ~-:1J®BP1£~~f{89fJ!Jf~~1~{tj:cp. 0. 0. 0. 0. M~~3i'itB1=.m.t:taTi89~~. 0. , 1l!&**1Epg I m~1il:1.A J 89{'¥1£ ' :r1JJ! ~~1LlJJijiffi El ~7fj fflG89~iffi~li ' 1il:1./f1m~~~~t~{1.J89t-f~ , I r~t~lm{*8"J9t:lL J J! ~1=.1m El1=.~t¥m:W;!t~-8"J~~IDfflG89tIUJJf, jEj13PJTJjF(~89~ilfW~*it~ , 1£~*jEj13ID fflGf& ' EAiRtB1=.1m /f-i±} n~*IJJJillr5pJT~~ffcttfreEJEzjEj13Wj1~m ~~ , PJJt89~ , ~glJJ1=.m1£~W~*jEj{s1'JIJJM ' 8wM.t:taTi*~~pJTID~tBz~ *~'I± ' M.:y;!t**YJJgiPjEj13t¥1£8"JPJ~g1l{OO:. ' tlD[g@~-WU : I JlLt~-fJj(.1Lt'lA ~ J ' I :Ii ~ ~ -f !-:J. 5Pft ~m a ilAr 1~ $IJ ffJ JJ~ ~tA;k; ~ ffJ J.t\(. f; J , I .t- - fjf ~ l: ~ J.t ffJ .L 11= J It I "Ht£.~* }1l-~~ fI3 ~ffJ~giJi J PJj:)§}t~gIJJ8"J1=.1l '1£;!t~WIM*jEj{sID fflG8"J~~ , fu~W7 ~~itm:.fl ' ~~~ffr±tf**JE~"cpjEj{SWj'£89;fjJE'I±~ EU9ttl ffiJ I ffcttf~if3(~t~ J fu/f-i±} ~~@.&'!*!J:itJH~1@jIl~~89:f:llJ~ , ~t~cp A $fo/J3(ttlm{*mjU~8"J~*5 ' giP.t:tlm1* ' ~VIIJ'I±89~~pg~&Jf~*U&Zff1£ ' "& @]~im*~[g{lljl~YJJgiP89.t:t1fP~§}t. 0. 0. 0. ~.~YJJgiP~*jEj13IDfflG89ll~HlIfj. 0. Iffcttf:x1t~MEH~~ J ~**1ECPZ7t~1=.~it~~Jt~. , 7)]\~SJjj;tE$IJJ~~glJJ 1=.mt-f0~89$:I1'~' [g{lli;fJgiP897t~~fj!tifE/fmt§~ 'BPtg1£fflG~i;fJgiP89~fjCP ,.

(25) :i ~ ff.J ~ ~ :. 1Jl. ~~1'. ~JrH~~f:fH3 cht~W~Jj**~{Ei¥Jfj(~. 0. J.~ 1- 4p- !t a;t WI giji ~ ~ ff.J % ~. 41. r fj(~ J i¥JmmJJ*@~FJltA.L~~i¥J1'J. , t::~7G~-fji~J*i¥JEr~Iffi~ijgjJ , rmlttlffi~~m:tJ&rm~~*Erf-Jfj~[:jCPfT mfI~Ni¥Jlm~?J (1EX:~ , 2002 : 116) f;f12!3{lLJi1*Y;bOOJi¥J5toTJ~IDtJlmr:p , ~11'~ m~:lt~:W5l!,A.fEroJ r 5E~ J ~flf8"J"tJT ' JGl,~:&JtPR1&8"J*1I@ ±lmfll[~1i~iii±it x:{t~~cp 'flWlmWffd:it' flWA.W*Mt~%8"J3(it~&--r f:!'fESJ (Tillmann, 1999: 115) , ~A.~roJIM*ffrr.it1t~ffi!.r:p1{JJ-~~5t.~8"JmJJjJ , 1J§~ffrr.itretfI8"Jm~ili ~. 0. 0. ~~~~~oTJLffli¥J~~'m~r~~J~~~~~~~~~±lmLEr~ili~ff fIi¥J~W~~. rzgrtt '. 0. A.:tE5tm-tttW:flpfT~~~8"Jrtt-. ±lmWjfr±1itlli:tlt8"J~:tJCP~~~5toTJm~8"JfffI~~. 0. r ~~~oTJ J Jrfflf ' 1£:tE r )(*~~~rJrf~i¥JIltJ. J '. r {~llllif.i¥Jf1W[i!f J ' r 11~*ftHlt~)j~~j! J W r jfr:ReJ:IM~gffi&~gffiBIM8"J3( 1.M!J 8"J!iif.5toTJ~~ , /ff~fflGm r Y;bgffi~~J i¥J~~ , W\J=!,lmi¥J~~Y;bOOJ~*~ 'fit r ~tiV. J ~l~i¥J[7g~ 0. a.:~.~~4~.~. ... ~~~~I.*~~~o*~~~.~A~#.~. 1E tt t: ~WLNSC91-2413-H-004-011. ~.g~ 0-~ ~4. '* ' #. JI:. -1# f,;J ~ {4 -t-,&.. ~~~M.;~M·#~~·.Mfta~.&o. ~~j(1t ¥1:3t~ (2002) ~. ~rri&jt:l*~:g~~¥12. 0. {5m~1f (2004). Ji~~ (1999. ±. §fltm~b~~JEr"mi!!ra9f¥J9j~'t!. 0. 0. ' 9 ' 99-130. f(x:~IDJ~~'iH$~ctiffJE. 0. if-. 11 fj). 0. 0. 0. ~~iiff~F.HU. ' 118, 26-31. 0. 3fi+$i1J~Biji~iiff~;Z~Ei'11;}~-1-~~~~filHl1.J&~IIlJ~~. ljifH3t~*~fl'i&!I1G~*f4~~ j§!ltlJJJ¥Z r m5lf~WtiffJ'Ei¥Jll'F fl. ~:§Um~fJTt!t*'c J ~VltJtiffJ'Elt. ' ';;itm. Jiflffi~. (1989). 1.WliFa. (1975) ~tE:g~WJt~~,Ii!H~. *~*. ; iSJj.mW~~f~W~~rn9Jt!]lmfH~~tt. 0. ' **,c5t. ~~*a (~). 0. J1ff¥Jm5l~WliffJ'E~;W,W~1lM. 0. (~). (1976). 0. ~~~~. ,. 30 (3-4) , 10-20. 0. jE;jt ; 3t1J (2002) Aristotle it ~~:t~f~I~~ ( 1: ) ';;it ; wa)j3t it W. Brugger it ~j¥:g¥I¥~ jEit ; )t;~DtBlt&jfd: 0. 0. ' 4- B~J8)j 8­. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

(26) Bude, H. (1984). Rekonsturktion von Lebenskonstruktion: eine Antwort auf die Frage, was die Biographieforschung bringt [Reconslurction of life-construction: An answer to the question, which brings the biography research]. In M. Kohli & G. Robert (Hrsg.), Biographie und. Soziale Wirklichkeit [Biographic and social reality] (pp. 7-28). Stuttgart, Germany: J. B. Metzlersche. Dewey, 1. (1934). Art as Experience. New York: Capricorn Books. Heinz, W. R. (1995). Arbeit, Berufund Lebenslauf Eine Einfuhiing in die Berufliche Sozialisa­. tion [Work, occupation and life course: An introduction into the occupational socialization]. Munchen, Germany: Juventa Verlag. Hermanns, H. (1984). Interview narratives [Interview of narratives]. In D. Lenzen (Hrsg.),. Enzyklopadie ErziehungswissenschaJt (Bd.2): Methoden der Erziehungs- und Bildungsfor­ schung [Encyclopedia of education (Vol.2): Methods of the education and bildung research] (pp. 421-426). Stuttgart, Germany: Klett-Cotta. Kelchtermans, G. (1990). Die berufliche Entwicklung von Grundschullehrern aus einer bi­ ographischen Perspektive [The occupational development of elementary school teachers from biographic perspective]. Padagog Rrundschau, 44, 321-332. Kohli, M. (1991). Sozialisation und Lebenslauf: Eine neue Perspektive fur die Sozialisationsfor­ schung [Socialization and life course: A new perspective of socialization research]. In M. R. Lepsius (Hrsg.), Zwischenbilanz der Soziologie [Inter-balance of sociology] (pp. 311-326). Stuttgart, Germany: Klett-Cotta. Kokemohr, R. (1989). Bildung als Begegnung? Logische und kommunikationstheoretische Aspekte der Bildungstheorie E. Wenigers und ihr Bedeutung fur biographische Bildung­ sprozesse in der Gegenwart [Bildung as encounter? Logical and conversational aspects ofE. Weniger's theory of bildung to be taken into account in the analysis of processes of self-formation in the actual social world]. In O. Hansmann & W. Marotzki (Hrsg.), Diskurs. Bildungstheorie: Rekonstruktion der Bildungstheorie unter Bedingungen der gegenwarti­ gen GesellschaJt [Discourse bildung theory: Reconstruction of bildung theory under the conditions of present society] (pp. 7-371). Weinheim, Germany: Deutscher Studien Verlag..

(27) 1Jt.°.~~. .~~~~:~~.~. •• ~~M~~mA. ~. Ni, M. S. (200 I). "/ch bin die Arbeit. als Arbeit wandie ich mich "- BiographieanaZvtische Fallstudie zur berujlichen Enfv.!icklung einer Erzieherin in Taiwan ["I am the work, and I change in the work" - A case study of biographic analysis for the occupational develop­ ment of an educator in Taiwan's kindergarten]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universitaet Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. Schulze, T. (1993). Biographisch Orientierte Piidagogik [Biographic oriented pedagogy]. In D. Baacke & T. Schulze (Hrsg.), Aus Geschichten Lemen [Learning from stories] (pp. 13-40). Mtinchen, Germany: Juventa Verlarg. SchUtze, F. (1983). Biographieforschung und narratives Interview [Biographic research and narratives interview]. Neue Praxis, 3,283-293. Schtitze, F. (1987). Das narrative Interview in Interaktionsfeldstudien: Erzahltheoretische Grundlagen [The narrative interview in interactional field studies: Narrative theoretical bases]. Hagen, Germany: Studienbrief der Femuniversitat Hagen. Terhart, E. (1995). Lehrerbiographien [Biogrphies of teachers]. In E. Konig & P. Zedler (Hrsg.), Bilanz Qualitativer Forschung [Balance of qualitative Research]. (pp. 225-264). Weinheim, Germany: Deutscher Studien. Tillmann, K. 1. (1999). Sozialisationstheorien [Theory of socialization]. Hamburg, Germany: Roohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH. Woods, P. (1993). Managing marginality: Teacher development through grounded life history. British Educational Research Journal, 19(5),447-466. Ziechner, K., & Gore, J. (l990).Teacher socialization. In W. R. Houston (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Teacher Education (pp. 329-343). London: Collier Macmillan..

(28) !f.:lvL, : ~;m~~. ~rJ;?6-. mtli¥J~.. ~gffi J. ~Ji¥J5i:1M!. -------- !f.5vL, -------.-.- ~rJ;?6j I,. , I. I I. --------- !Net. ·························'r.. ,-. : ~* f,J~ & ,- ~gffif,J.

(29)

參考文獻

相關文件

目標: 發揮有效的行政管理,統籌科組的行政事 務,作為上層(校長與教務主任)及下屬

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs.. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of

The basic ranks of teachers in aided secondary schools are Certificated Master/Mistress (CM) for non-graduate teachers and Graduate Master/Mistress (GM) for

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs.. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of

OECD Publishing and Starting Strong III: A Quality Toolbox for Early Childhood Education and Care..

SEOUL EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND PROMOTION CENTRE (第四天)..

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs.. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of

• 在五歲前,是兒童發展學習能力和建立知識的關鍵時期 (CDC at Harvard University, 2007; Ministerial Council for Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth