漁業安全衛生及職業災害補償之探討

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(2) •• ~w®.~~ •• ~ti~tt~~~~~z.~=~. ~ti~$A~=+~~=§~+A.~~IW~~~~. ~,. •• ••. •. f'f~fB~. ~. ••. ~C*. ~-. ... ~~z~·~. ®.~. • • • ~ ••. ~~$·~.U~~.. 'm-ft••• ~-+ffi· (. '.. )~~. ~N 74~. rr~~'.M~~I~~. W,. -ftAm~. ~~. ~.m. •••• ~~.~~~~~~~~IUB~.. 75~. ~I~.*~. ).. 76~. • • . • ~~·m.aWMM.~' ~~ •••• ,~+~*. §U~~ •• ~ti .~~C· ••• &~.~*~(.~. (H ~. 77~ 78~. 79 "I' 80"1'. ••• ~D~IW.~&.#~.~· ~ -~~·~7U •• ~.A •• ~~.M.®.~~ •••• ~W~C*~~~1 .& E~n.~I~ •• ~ •• ~.A.· •• ~I~~m~A •••mm •• ~M.~ ~.·~~A+~~~~ •• ~W®~C~. ti~tt •• ~~ E~.(.~.~. .~utt.'~U~. ~~. ~)1p) • U1:=:) ~. ffi.~~~=. .~+=. ~.~tt'M& ~. C*~~m.ffi~ft. ~'~M.~~.®~·B~,rr.M.. *M.~~.~.'UB~ .**~~M~RW. •••~ ••~. •••• ~W~C*~~W. ~flfT.'. ~*R. ~~M.~*'ill. 821'1' 83 :4. .~i. ffii. •••• ,.=~. •• ~ti~~~~.~ .·~~t·~~~~ .~ •• ~~~.~~ .~ ••• ~D~~ $~~' ~~ • • • ~ti~~ •• ~~.~,. ~M.~IU~W.. 811'1'. fflm&~ • • ~~~. ~7~im. A.WJ~~jj;pJ.. 0. rr. ltf & ~1fU )C • Ml~. itt -: Schnilzer, Palricia G.; Landen, Deborah D. and Russell, Julie C. 1993 "Occupational Injury Deaths in. ~~laHm)C!I.M. •. Alaska's Fishing Industry, 1980 through 1988." American Journal of Public Health. 83(5);685.. itt -:.-~.M •• *~M •• ~D~.fi •• m~A~· itt. : • • ~5*~m.-~m.IZ$ •• ~W.~~A~·ffiH.~~m~M~q~~~WWA~. ~M~q~~~.~~A~·N.~-~·~ffi·~ftaR.H~.$ti~.ft.~m.~ ~*~~.~·~~·~H. 1Ul • • ~W*~~t •.. •••M. ••• ~ •• ~W.q·~ •• M~~~~~ •• ~H.~.@·n.fi. ~1$.!ii!, Pratt, K..!. & Bennett, S.G. 1990. Elements of Personnel Management. 2nd ed. (London: Chapman & Hall). p.256. ~q . flHllliJf~ .•• ~li'iilf--~fG;~~fj •• fY~~DtE. ~~·@-ft~-~~-ftAO~· i'Ili~~. •••• ~w~~.m~.~05·ffia~ •• ~~~.Xttlli. • ~~~~ Reilly, M.S..I. 1985. "Mortality from Occupational Accidents to United Kindom. Fishermen 1961-80." British Jotlrnal of Industrial Medicine. 42(12):806-814.. 114 . ~WltJ*. ••. '. ~OO f'fli. ~OOW~~{91j. ,.

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(6) ~M~.~~~. •••• M.'W~~~~~.~~.mm.ft.~.-B.fi~·.B~'. R~;f~1i8 ~ ~.gt. W~~~~ •• ~.ffl'U ••• ~~.*.~~§~§.·. • ~·fl~*m.~~.*.~*B~BW~~~~,@m!~~~.±~~~~ID~ ~~~~.~!UB~m.~~~~~M~.·.W~~,~¥m.~·~~~ID •• ~ ~ •• !m.ft.fl~*.~~~m.~.A7~-M~,~r~~ •• ~.m.~oo~e ~*.~ •• *_~~~§~J ·~~,.~~~m~., rm~~m ••• m.~ •• ~ fi~~m~§ ••• ~.~~*.~m ••• ·ft.IDAm±.~e'U~H~.mA~J . (ttt)~~~.m.~oo •• ~~~~*.~m_A~~.~§~·~~m.~ •• ~E~' .M~.ft.~m.~.~~~I~kBg~ili~ +.~~~ ••• ~·m@~.~ •• *Bk'fgf15: -·~~~m.~.~~~~,~ ~m~~ •• m.~~m.ft ••• ~._r.ff $fj~.j(Responsible Fishing) . ~t:p , ~rm~.*.~~* •• ~IH~~f~~~ • • $. ... 1ZSl~. •. ~. ~. fl~.. -m*_. ~.*_~*, JUI~Am.~iB.· (ttA). •••m•• M~~~I~ffiM~'Um.~.*_~*·.§~' ~ •• M~~~ •• ~~iI.B:1J~f1ii:~(Debtor-nations) •• ~tiJE ' j!• • 3& :1J~mi:~* •• #~tiJE'U •• ~.~ •• Mft~~·m.~~ft=.~ffi • • ~~.*.~*~§.·.§~'~~~.*Im •• ~*.~#~JE.~.i M~~.~ •• ~JE~§.m-B~,~~, •• ~m.~Im ••m ••M.* ~~~~~'*=@R.t:p~.~~~.~ ••• *.~~~ •• '.~ •• M•. =·~~~.*Im. •. fiL~:¥IJfft. ~~Xl't!t$.. [t~*l~.. ~·~~rm.~=.~A~.*.~*~*. (ttA). •• ~ •• · •• '.. -. [l:l.~.. -A~O~ftB. 0~~. Certific. itt t : Beutler . ri5Jtt1\ ' pA77 ' itt A: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), U.N. 1993.". .tt. Inlernational Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing." Paper prepared for the UN Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, New York, 12-30 July. A: Beutler, . ppA67-471 • UN Chronicle, 1993." Global Plan on Child Labour Adopted." June. p.5S.. Jl8. tt. +:. Charqovti : Charnovti.

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(9) ~~*~~~&.~~~M~L~~. -tt .. l' ji !MHJIl wI! iit ~ fA lIij ~t¥JJfff. 0. ([1-=). t:Ii! ~ .If! 1I1iX m111.mH~ :m ; CEN)~-fLiL 0. EL. \I) ~~. 0. px~~,. 't;. IiX~Jtl3(~~$jj. HB Ii!i fij: ~ m13( ~ ~ $ t. ==). ~t¥Jm~tt. • ~j~D. ' . ~~ 1JD~~!1~Ml1iAl. f ' 1£~~fr~t¥J~.. I t¥J tbb i!Jj ~ it1'F ' t!3 ;I!. r~. ~. m~~UJUil j:!; [I:IJ H. In ;&JIU'€9: t¥J [I ~ IJ !JJJ ·~bHf!;~.PJjj§m~. l!i frlHI ~ ii!. ff;\ , it. itt; r t«t ~ * IVJ i~ ftf W ,. ii'~~JEfDm:Iff1l!i!\l!1}. . OcL. p.26.. ~~ ~ ~ ~ Jj( ~ ~ 1. ~ 1l5l M] )}-:fJf. ffi. =t¥J~~~~~~,gi1i,~~wtt~:Ii!~~~mt«t~*~~reL~~~t¥J~~m. IW,~Q~OO'. ~®~~~~t«t~*~~~~~~®reL,~~~gl1i~tt~oo~~~re. tn,l8? -~OO~ , ~~t«t~II~11<l!i~~t¥J:r~~~PJMZ~~1t ' {ggllm~itf(Environmental Conditions). 'JlliJ1JE3(~~~tl'~(Vessels. tt-ll : 1921 '¥. #ittiIII~1}~. with Poor Safety Design). (m+i\Wn. 1~6,¥. mA*I~ • • ~.(m-+A~). 1936'¥ 1936'¥ 1936'¥. mA:tE7t!iiflj.~. OfH!!l+l\~). 1~6,¥. mA~M~.0~(mll+i\~). 1946'¥ 1946'¥. I!'fiA~±*:t(~0f.g (m{;+~). 1!'fi*!1mA~mitff0ttg (mll+ll~) ~lE#iAINftl;,¥~0~ (mll+/\~). mAH*:t(~.~. (m{;+ll~). 1~6'¥. mA • •g • • ~.(m{;+i\~). 1946'¥. mA)!,!i*1i'i0~ (~{;+.--~). 1~6,¥. mA.A&a~MM • • • (m{;+A~). 1948'¥ 1949'¥ 1958'¥. ~UEJEl3&iU!lfflL~"0ttg (m/\+{;~) ilM&lIIRtbb~0~ (m:tt.i-}\~) iLtg~ • • ~. (m--Oll~). 1~8'¥. I!'fi~g.m • • ~.(m-Oi\.). 1958'¥ 1958'¥ 1958'¥ 1959'¥. mA1fiItI.~jt. 1~9'¥. ~mI!'fiAm~~.L0~(m--~~). 1959'¥ 1%6'¥ 1966 '¥ 1969'¥. ~mmAfJiiil~~L0~ (m---[g~). I~O,¥. m~I!'fiA.*0~(m--[g~). OHim). mAU*~f4&:t(~.~.. (m-O{;~). em-Of".). mA!ltf5t)(f40~ (m-oJ\~). ~mmAINftl;'¥~L0~. -~). (. §~~~.~ii'~0~(.--1l~) §~~miLtllffm~nm0~ g.&~mMf'f0~. (m- =i\~). (m- _0). 1970'¥ i:iAII!l\~ltIlll'i'i.~. (.-..=.{;~) 1970'¥ N!8 AiteJiS~filijn~ff'iiliIJ.~. (m-[g--~) 1970'¥ m~mA.5'~.~jt (m-[g=~) 1970'¥ mA~lilfIJ.~. (m-~A~) 16D'¥ INftl;1fiItI,¥~0~(m-~A~). 121 . WJlli~MA~~. ,. ~DPi:R:z.

(10) ~~~HIII~:f~*'. (. 1\) $.1:: '. ~~ii~iUI~~Wl¥Jit~ ,~'m. 1::~=~~~~. i:.~~j\J~. (Nal. •• ~Bii.I¥J.~'~.~ ••• Mftl¥J~.~~' ~®' • • ~~' ~Mtt&.~~M~~OOft:f~.~M.~ttn· •• ~~:f.~.m a.&x£*,~u.miiM.~~Wl¥Jit~~'mm •• ~.~x~m~I¥J.~·~~~*' ~E.B .~~Wit .~,~~.~~·~.· •• ~.·~.§g.*~3'~. !i(1:!!.K'i9EL)~. ~~mWifiJ~-~~.~tD1. i!1Jj{~. X~m~I¥JM*·.~~'iiM~&:f. 0. Ul. !JBM~Bti W . m. ~:±!J.~m:li~. . MfflB I¥J :f f,tl JE t. ~~t, ~. 0. JE:111¥J. ~.,. ~6lI¥J~I'\!fr &~~. (a-A) ~~ , E. mJi -. 7EL::. IlJi. ~~. 1Ht. 36. 64. ~{jj. ~~~3i. mlfi. 28. itM<. 2. -. -. -. 2. *~. -. -. -. 1. 1. ~Wl. 12. 1. -. 13. ~-'~!M. tt~. 4. -. I. 2. 7. i!~~~'t~fi. I®Ii. -. -. -. -. -. (a=O). ;!t't. 23. \0. 7. 4. 44. i'illt. 69. II. 8. 43. 131. ~~~;t~. flii.~1JJ. , ~. ~='~!M. li. ~;;I¥J~fiE. -.~t!. ~~.~.~~~. •• ~WI¥J.~:f~I~~-~~fi~~.*~~.*I¥J~~'.'. •• ~ •• ~~&.~m~~~~-hh=~+R~~m~~~~m~.ffl¥J a-1\ : Schnitzer,. el.a!. '. , p,688 • JJU~ ,. ~flii1f~Il;;F. .~.i. , ~*":tI::lSl •IfFlijra' • If'f:]itt· 1!Ik'!if ,. tiitJm~ra'~UHlIH!!:~f~t«I8!:I:'!~PJfHIif!lll¥Jm~1Jj{1?J . m~ ~ Ivergard, T. 1979. "The Fisherman's Working Environment A Cramped Mini-factory Which Pitches and Rolls." Arbetsmiljo. 24(Sep.):14 19.. 'RA+D' rt«l8!:llfift•• ro~~Z."J. :fl~§~IJj{I?JI¥J.-&m~'.~. ,.~. ••. ~~~~W*.~W •• ii1f~~~lfi~ft.ii1f~~ •• ~ •• a~ft.t«IR •• ~~i'i •• ~ ••1 ~ii1f".'+~. -8' ••. :~&ffft~~. -. 122. Mortality Ratios. ••••mm'RA+D,t«Im•••• mfi~OO·. a-)\ : Myers, M or the N: a - fL : Nortish. British J( ; Minowa, of Public a= : Jeyaratnc "Scandin I.

(11) ~~~~~~&.~x~~~z~~ >.. .. ~m ~J:~-=Ii~~U{. if!j:±~rt~Wr(National. ~ tU{H~ ~:± $"3i:i:. @(1'1.f8~L). •. , iUf t1dl:f ~ ~Ui!Z1t. '~~from. T~i!t~. 1:±~JJj[~. • ~lttZ9r '. ~li~'t~j(1J(~. , fi. Fishing Industry Safety and Heal,th "FISH" Workshop) ,*iii¥&. ..~.1J(W$&moo.~.~~~~'@~.·~.OOI~m.~~~ ,~. ~LmfjW~m~~~·~.'~,*~¥&~~mlli'.~~. ~~~, @i5f~~~~~±~JJj[~1'1.f8~fro1J(ft. .~. '~~~:f.~ttm.~ft.$·X$'~~:f.~.~ II*~. .. 'fj. ~ltt '~.ilAtw7-1-. t¥g~9t(Person. ~L~. Overboard). t¥g~*~~.B~.~~~±. {G(Personal Flotation Devices) IBH*m* . ?t~IP'~~.. •. itt~m~~~·~1'1.f8~~nH·~~.~·~.·~~~Dmm.·~~mti~:f.~. ~~. 1'itt5l~1UItJf &lltm. llfll:,A.. (tt-J\). X '. ir~t. a9fjW. ~. 64. 0. @.~~. ±~~fjW (:f1'1.f8~L). EE~f~m~~(Winch). . ~~n{Gm_. ~,i«t~~.tJ.=¥$'. 0. =¥mm'W$. )Ii. (a-jU. ~lttZ9~·-~~~Affi~~~~'. 2. 'llU~mfjm~fj(Laceration). •• ~~~~~ffi~~.~~~~o~~liJf~~~. ft• • ~.~~~~.~~ffi~ft.B~~~: .-·~tiB*i«t~~ ••• ~L~il*liJf~,.m,*~H~.~~.~~ •• ~li~. I3. '~~XB~~,*~H~~.~.A.'@X$~~i«t.&~ff~~-.~~.li~~~·. 7. (n-O) 44. .-·~ti~~.=§t+ftm.~~.@~tt~~.,.m~*~.~.Bi«t~~.. 131 ~1fm. ' 368. m.N.~~ftJJj[~,@~~*mm,m.~. •. B* . 9H~ JIi&~UfWT(Wales) =: ~:f~~~~'Jn~ft~L*(Standardized Mortality Ratios) ~tt~5tfJT ' tE~.I:~.~~~'I1i7Jl~ , .m.~~~{.\.~~W •• ~ •. ~i19~~liJf~. 0. ~I. •• -~~*m.~.~~.E· ( - ). =: • ~tti. m_ff ~ i: iI itUttl.: Jifra~. tt-/\. : Myers, Melvin L. Klall, Michael L. and Conway, George A. 1992. "Execlive Summary." Proceedings. ,I. f'F~fft. ' l!Jkif '. 1979. "The Fisherman's <\rbelsmiljo. 24(Sep.): 14· ~az~~ J. ,~)(~~. rHE r:p ,[., ir mj1lj1:Il ~U~ Ulfj1ljJUJ~Ilfj~=¥lIIJ •. of the Nalional Fishing Industry SafelY and Heallh Workshop. ppA-6.. tt--.tt. : Norlish, A.E. & Cryer, P.c. 1990. "Work Related Injury in New Zealand Commercial Fishermen." British Journal of Induslrial Medicine. 47(11):726·732. n-o: Minowa, M. et.a!' 1988. "A Case-conlrol Sludy of Lung Cancer in Fishing Areas." Japanese Journal of Public Health. 11(35):614-619. tt-- : Jeyaratnam. J. el.al. 1987. "Slomach Cancer Incidence in A Cohort of Fishermen in Singapore. "Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Heallh. 13(6):524-526.. 123.

(12) tt*IlJllttttho. 0. (fJM*. Ut==). '~90. lJ. 'V. it!!li.=."s= +fLf:i'IJgmHt'-fjJiJ:'rljj(~lJiYii(Squamous Cell Carcinoma) B"Jm!\!H[J=f~~i!lllfJlpJTfi!&B"JliHJ'C '~mii~JgmHimii B"J flgt£~~jfill. i~~~~Dttt. fJl~1±\. f19~~''E1t\5:. m[g , !1hD**~lBHIi(Newfoundland). 65% ;. ffjj~$'liJ$ii~B"JPJflg'11t3~. 33%. 0. (~t==). fj'li~. mB"J.m~~ •• ~~~ •• B"JmJ'Cfi~fi·~~~.PJ.B"JM*fiM.·.. ~ 'wll~J. [!J1tt!Woo PJTij Iill!;B"JmJ'C~m t3~ flgmf3tl-~fj£B"J~~ . 1I'!9U 1tt'~!will!;B"JmJ'C~m*~I.~mB"J~~fi •• ~B"J~.~PJT.B"JI~.m rugo~ ~.ti~ffjj ,ti••• mB"J~~fitiEE B"JI~mh~~M~~~~*~~ g'ffTIe ?&t3fiE B"JIf/Pimfj~W;WJB"Jg~ (:it [9) ~~ffjj., •• !1ii.~~~ •• ~~mB"Jm ,~a~fi~ruS.~B"J·[!J1tt~. ~ti •• ~m B"J~[!J~':fm:f*~~~~B"JmJ'C~m,t3[!Jffjj.~fj~m~:f~ •• &~AB"J.~o ~~'~.~~~~.~~B"JD[!J '~~ •• ~.~~~B"J§~.~. ~~A •• ¥@~ ,~mU8EA~~~ •• ffjj.~.~.'U8Eft~~~ •••• ~ ffjj ••• ~.~.'U@~~.~~Eft~m~~~~~.B"J:lt!!h'ffjjU8~~iiE~~1 ·11.~1tt,~~~~ B"J~fi' ~ •• ii~~.~.~~.fi~.. m= ' JEMfl m=. ' iijljjH. ffW~. ~ ~~mB"JmJ'Ct3:f f9~:9~. 0. f¥ II mS fi JE '/Y:f:) ~[g •. 0. ~mB"J~~B"J. fff.iPJT~B"JI~. ffjj~·~1tt,S. {t~~1'3'PJflM'jj(~. ~~~B"J~... [!J~ii~~.~pJT.B"J. ~$. i¥ ti E 91- fi !'1 ~ ~li. tilll. Wl.nffi~~&*. ~ft~~~~fi. 0. ii.~.~B"J~~fi~~~'~~ ••B"J. . jt~. '. Jii~~~~&*. ,~~~?&.m'~.~MA·~ •• #fi~.~~~iID~~~.1. .~~~mB"J~~. Ift'tiAi. 'I~.m~ffWiID~~~. , -~mJ'C~:f.~B"J;@~.f~ftj:!1~Y:. ~,m.mJ'CIt~'~~~~iiE~PJT~~~.~~W';@~~~IM. ~tJJ::D~. *~wll~' ~$. m'E~&ll~,. i:~j~fJli5l ~t::"=. :. ~~5i!. Kagamimori, S. el.a!. 1985. "Mortality Rates of Farmers and Fishermen in Japan Compared with England and Wale~. "Kosei no Shihyo. 32(3):3-8. - =:: : =lI~ijjfJmB9ffX~1.i!.m1i!,,I'Hmi:!iIlEB9A± ' ~JHm'[J~Jtlmi:!iIlEB9A±&-~RATI ~5i!. Spitzer, W.O. el.a!. 1975. 'The Occupation of Fishing as A Risk Factor in Cancer of the Lip." New England Joumal of Medicine. 293(9):419-424. -:'[9 : Archivio Audiovisivo del Movimento Oper'aio e Democratico. 1993. S.O.S. Fisherie~" Abstract oC'Videotape. Roma. Italy. 0. -. 124 . 0. ~. 31HrB"J-~m~ -. : Saporito.. : Myer~. e. : r<1'iH~1t. ~$!fJ. ~~~HJ.

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(31) ~ !4tti' i: 1lT ~:&. Il!U~ ~jtJ~Hm fI Z ~ t-t. ~. '. ~ i«c~ ~ 111 ~B~. ;/Jn~~SjZ~i*~ ,. ~I~;. I'. ~ ffl fflj ~ tt.HHUt i:. (liE':::). .~·~~.~I~~. .~~UR.~~. ~.~~I~M.~.I~I~1!~m.. •• I¥]~m'.~M~I11.~~MJilil11~. ji,;. .t·mfJMI~~.~$.$~~.fflft~~I1!~~.T~~.'.~~.$T~. mliB; .A·~~~~tE.:£i!~W~~.~I~I¥]f!~~~·~®·mM~~,~;!t~ftillmfflj. •. ••• &'1!~~$~ml¥]~$'~~I11~~.m~fflj. ~:£i!~~jl;J*rplY:1:P. ~~~M·mfJMI11~~.~W~:£i!. ~1lfilttE.~~~1I·. .fA$~.~IPJ~~,~_~mmfflj~M~~.~~.. .ft·~ftm~tt& •• tt'~MMAI¥]MIi*Mi.M.m.jl;J~*&~~i*.®.~'. ;!tBI~)t~;!*(fJ n~fAfJ~~~-:f. h*s7tzS·i"ff WII ~ fD JlIlL~ ~ 11 ~J~: ~ '-ILl:11 $ it tE. ~ ~\ ~ 1m. '. mJ-JJHH t) T. m~~MMA~M~~'1!~~*~~lY:1n$; .+·~~~M.~I¥]~IPJ'~~MI11~~®~.ffl~IPJI¥].~~~mm~It':£i!~* -. M. l>!r/.EI ~ IE. • ~. 'IS l'i'l"~ 'D' , 'iIJ. .+-·.~~~I¥].~.mm~~~~~IiBI~I¥].~Pff.·jl;J~'~~~fi~~1! ~.1l!;. Wfreffl~. *.. !1tiilA~r-'¥R.I¥]f!~tt· (ttlil1!l). .®§z,~ft.f!~$.ml¥]~:t!:'~7. "Ii;. tJiJi3l'i1¥] I!!~; (tt i*Mi.*1!~Tt)JI. I~. g. I¥]. • - . Ji n ~ ft •. •=.M11 •=.. 'IiiJtl~i&Mll8l1Jil1ftiil. •• I~.PffI¥]~~.~fD~&-m~ft.. ~.~'~~~.~W~li~I¥]~~.~$~: ~~. I¥] ffl ~ ~. ~g ~ ~ ~ ~. ~.I. fif: $. ~ (Management Commitment) ;. f'Pl¥] mI~ ~ fA IT (Employee. Involvement) ;. lTI; I~Ho/J I¥] *lt~ ~ ~ ~ (Hazard Identification and Control) ;. .[9 .. ~~~WII~(Education. :t!: 1!Tt)1lfi ~ 11 ~ ; ~ :f:t IPJ T t) f! ji, ~ Ii I i'P ~ Pff f.!it ~ I¥] ffll!fj. ~;. and Training). I t).ft~~.~I¥]Il~~HT~·. (nE.E.). ttli'::: : Rademaker, Ken. 1991. "Insight into Incentives." Occupational Hazards. November. p.43. ttlil1!l : National Institute for Occupational Safety and +fealth, U.S. Depanmenl of Health and Human Services. 1994. Alerl:Request for Assistance in Preventing Drownings of Commercial Fishermen. April. !ilili : Minler, Slephen G. 1991. "The Slars of Safety." Occupational Hazards. November. pp.53-54.. -. 143.

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