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兩岸警方共同打擊跨境犯罪偵查之研究 - 政大學術集成

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(1)國立政治大學. 國際事務學院. 國家安全與大陸研究碩士在職專班碩士論文. 指導教授:邱坤玄博士. 立. 政 治 大. ‧ 國. 學. 兩岸警方共同打擊跨境犯罪偵查之研究. ‧. (1990-2010). n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 研究生:許瑞山 中華民國九十九年六月.

(2) 摘. 要. 台灣與大陸地區分隔長達六十餘年,在長期分治下,雖毗鄰而居,近在咫尺, 但兩岸政策取向、法律制度、社會現狀差異甚大,惟因兩岸人民在血緣、語言上 的特殊關係,逐漸朝開放邁進,隨著 1987 年 7 月 15 日我方政府宣告解嚴,同年 11 月 2 日開放赴大陸探親,加上近年來更開放大陸人民來台觀光,兩岸民間交 流日趨頻繁,卻也衍生出諸如走私黑槍、毒品、人民偷渡、電信詐欺及擄人勒贖 等跨境犯罪案件,此外,許多刑事犯及幫派犯罪組織分子在台犯罪後紛紛潛逃大 陸或與大陸黑幫相互串連從事不法犯罪活動,對兩岸治安造成相當重大的影響。. 治 政 專家學者不斷強調其重要性與急迫性,且多次表達合作之意願,迄今雖已簽訂兩 大 立 岸共同打擊犯罪協議,授權已然明確化,但在實務操作上欲達到雙方理想目標仍. 兩岸合作共同打擊犯罪機制之建立,兩岸地區官方、半官方機構、學術團體、. ‧ 國. 學. 有一段相當長遠的路。本研究主要係針對兩岸跨境犯罪,分析其犯罪模式與兩岸 偵查制度,說明現行雙方在合作所面臨法律及實務上之問題癥結,並具體整理筆. ‧. 者長期執行兩岸共同打擊犯罪之合作困境,希冀藉由學術理論為基礎,分析現行. y. Nat. 兩岸偵查實務癥結,以有效解決當前兩岸警方共同面臨的偵查困境。. io. sit. 本文經由兩岸刑事訴訟偵查制度之剖析,發現兩岸警方在偵查主體上地位的. n. al. er. 不同,導致刑案偵辦於偵查開端、偵查程序及得施行之手段等方面均有所差異,. i n U. v. 而此差異,極易對雙方在情資傳遞、人犯移交及證據蒐集等認知上產生落差。此. Ch. engchi. 外,藉由兩岸共同打擊犯罪之背景、意義、原則及影響最深遠的兩項協議:2005 年雙方在澳門建立「兩岸警方共同打擊犯罪聯繫機制」、2009 年「第三次江陳 會談簽訂海峽兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議」之闡述分析,輔以兩岸警方人 員之深度訪談,進一步瞭解到雙方共同打擊犯罪所面臨的實務困境,最後嚐試從 聯繫平臺的建立、情資的交流通報、犯罪證據的調查蒐證、要犯的查緝遣返及共 同合作掃蕩等方面提出未來兩岸警方共同打擊跨境犯罪可行之偵查合作模式,以 供後續研究及提供相關單位參考。.

(3) Abstract In spite of the great differences of social, political and legal system between the two sides of Taiwan Strait after more than six decades of cut-off tie, the cross-strait policy is relaxed step by step based on a shared language and cultural relationship. Our government declared martial law ended on July 15, 1987, and allowed people in mainland China to visit Taiwan in recent years. As the non-government exchange is becoming more frequent, it caused serious cross-border crime like gun and drug smuggling, illegal immigration, telecom fraud, and kidnapping for ransom. Furthermore, many criminals and organized gangsters fled to mainland China and engaged in illegal activities, which hurts the social order of the two sides very much. Though the Cross-Strait Agreement on Joint Crime-Fighting and Judicial Mutual Assistance was signed, it still has a long way in practice to reach the ideal. This study focuses mainly on analyzing criminal modus operandi and investigation system of Cross-Strait criminal activities, the problems of ongoing cooperation in practice and law, and then proposing proper proposal on the future cooperation of cross-strait crime-fighting which aims to solve the difficult point between the two sides.. 立. 政 治 大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. This thesis is divided into five chapters: Chapter one is the introduction about study motive, purpose, range, and research methods. Chapter two is to analyze and compare the criminal procedure by dissecting the different subjects of investigation, leading to varied beginnings, processes, and methods, thus influence perception of information exchanges, repatriation and evidence collecting. Chapter three is the history of cooperation against crime between the two sides, which mainly introduces its backgrounds. That is, principle and two significant agreements: one is the institutionalized joint crime-fighting cooperation mechanism between the two sides police in 2005, the other is the Cross-Strait Agreement on Joint Crime-Fighting and Judicial Mutual Assistance signed in 2009.. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Chapter four is to analyze varied types of cross-border crime and emphasize the importance and urgency of joint crime-fighting. Chapter five is the conclusion which proposes future cooperation modes in the aspects of communicated platform building, information exchange, evidence collecting and repatriation etc, and offers follow-up studies and the authorities concerned for reference..

(4) 目. 錄. 目錄…………………………………………………………………I 圖目錄………………………………………………………………..III 表目錄………………………………………………………………IV. 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………1 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………2 第二節 文獻探討…………………………………………………4 第三節 途徑與方法………………………………………………8 第四節 範圍與限制………………………………………………10. 政 治 大. 第五節 研究流程…………………………………………………13. 第二章 兩岸刑事訴訟偵查制度之比較與分析…………15 立. ‧ 國. 學. 第一節 臺灣刑事訴訟偵查制度…………………………………15 第二節 大陸刑事訴訟偵查制度…………………………………26. ‧. 第三節 比較與分析………………………………………………37. Nat. y. 第三章 兩岸共同打擊犯罪演進過程……………………39. sit. 第一節 兩岸共同打擊犯罪之背景及意義………………………40. er. io. 第二節 兩岸共同打擊犯罪聯繫機制之建立……………………45. n. a 第三節 兩岸共同打擊犯罪協議之簽署…………………………48 v 第四節. i l C n 小結………………………………………………………52 hengchi U. 第四章 兩岸跨境犯罪之探討與分析……………………61. 第一節 兩岸跨境犯罪之沿革探討………………………………61 第二節 兩岸跨境犯罪類型整理與分析…………………………71 第三節 兩岸警方共同打擊跨境犯罪現行困境…………………94 第四節 小結 ……………………………………………………97. 第 五 章 結 論 與 建 議 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 99 第一節 研究發現………………………………………………99 第二節 結果與討論……………………………………………104 參考文獻……………………………………………………………111 附錄 1:兩岸警方共同打擊犯罪重要大事紀………………………116.

(5) 附錄 2:國家統一綱領全文內容……………………………………122 附錄 3:反分裂國家法全文…………………………………………124 附錄 4:海峽兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議全文……………126 附錄 5:兩岸警方訪問調查表………………………………………129. 立. 政 治 大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v.

(6) 圖. 目. 錄. 圖 1-1 研究流程圖…………………………………………………13 圖 2-1 臺灣地區刑事案件偵查程序流程圖………………………19 圖 2-2 大陸地區刑事案件偵查程序流程圖………………………36 圖 3-1 「海峽兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議」成效說明…51 圖 4-1 竄改門號之發話途徑示意圖………………………………80. 立. 政 治 大. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v.

(7) 表. 目. 錄. 表 3-1 歷次兩岸會談紀錄一覽表…………………………………54 表 4-1 刑事警察局函請海基會轉大陸海協會協緝一覽表………63 表 4-2 歷年大陸人民在臺犯罪情形統計表………………………64 表 4-3 歷年大陸地區人民非法入境遭緝獲、遣返人數統計表…65 表 4-4 大陸地區人民合法來臺從事非法活動人數統計表………66 表 4-5 海基會協處台商人身安全案件統計表……………………69 表 4-6 臺灣地區自 1997 年來詐欺案件發生數一覽表…………77 表 4-7 臺灣地區歷年查獲非法槍、彈數量統計表………………83. 政 治 大. 表 4-8 警察機關歷年查獲毒品數量統計表………………………84. 立. 表 4-9 臺灣地區截至 2010 年 1 月來臺大陸配偶人數分析統…87. ‧. ‧ 國. 學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v.

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