高中教師使用審定本教科書之影響因素研究：計畫行為理論之應用

全文

(1)101. 國立政治大學「教育與心理研究」 2015 年 12 月，38 卷 4 期，頁 101-129 DOI. 10.3966/102498852015123804004. 高中教師使用審定本教科書之影響因素研究：計畫行為理論之應用林信志*. 簡瑋成**. 摘. 楊國揚***. 要. 我國教育歷經課程鬆綁、教科書開放、教師專業自主權提升之後，教科書也開放民間編輯及審定制度，故有必要了解教育現場教師教科書使用之狀況。其中，高中教科書之大規模調查研究十分缺乏，因此本研究對全國公、私立高中教師進行問卷調查，了解教師對審定本教科書的依賴程度與教學使用方式。同時，透過計畫行為理論，釐清態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制對教師使用教科書行為意向之影響關係。最後依據1,708 份有效問卷分析，得到六點結論：一、高中教師對審定本教科書之依賴程度仍高；二、高中教師多採取相互調適取向來使用審定本教科書；三、態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制皆為影響高中教師教科書使用的因素；四、知覺行為控制對高中教師教科書使用行為意向的影響最大，主觀規範的影響最低；五、課程領域或考科群組高中教師在使用教科書關係模式上有所差異；六、教科書依賴程度與教學方式對高中教師使用教科書影響模式方面，僅高依賴比中、低依賴在態度上產生較強的顯著影響。關鍵詞：計畫行為理論、高中教師、教科書 *. 林信志：國家教育研究院教育制度及政策研究中心助理研究員簡瑋成（通訊作者）：靜宜大學教育研究所專案助理教授 *** 楊國揚：國家教育研究院教科書發展中心助理研究員電子郵件：[email protected] **. 收件日期：2014.12.23；修改日期：2015.03.27；接受日期：2015.06.09.

(2) 102. Journal of Education & Psychology December, 2015, Vol. 38 No. 4, pp. 101-129. The Factors that Affect High School Teachers’ Use of Textbooks: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior Hsin-Chih Lin*. Wei-Cheng Chien**. Guo-Yang Yang***. Abstract. As Taiwan has experienced a series of educational reforms, especially open textbooks and textbook censorship, it is very important to understand teachers’ use of textbooks. Therefore, this study implemented a nationwide questionnaire survey of high school teachers to realize how teachers’ reliance and teaching methods for textbooks. The study also analyzed the relationship of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention for teachers to use textbooks. Based on 1,708 valid questionnaires were analyzed, five major findings are as follows: (1) high school teachers still have high reliance on textbooks; (2) most high school teachers use textbooks as mutual adaptation; (3) attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control are important for the intention of teachers’ use of textbooks; (4) perceived behavioral control is the greatest influence on the intention of teachers’ use of textbooks, *. Hsin-Chih Lin: Assistant Research Fellow, Research Center for Educational System and Policy, National Academy for Educational Research ** Wei-Cheng Chien (Corresponding Author): Project Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Education, Providence University *** Guo-Yang Yang: Assistant Research Fellow, Textbook Development Center, National Academy for Educational Research E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 2014.12.23; Revised: 2015.03.27; Accepted: 2015.06.09.

(3) 103. and subjective norm is the lowest; (5) different courses have significant impacts on the model of high school teachers’ use of textbooks; (6) high reliance teachers’ attitude has significant impacts on the intention of teachers’ use of textbooks.. Keywords: theory of planned behavior, high school teacher, textbook.

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

(24)

(25) 高中教師使用審定本教科書之影響因素研究：計畫行為理論之應用 125. 高中教師使用審定本教科書之依賴程度，在影響使用因素對行為意向之模式上，僅高依賴教科書之高中教師的態度，對於使用教科書行為意向會比中、低依賴者產生顯著較強的影響效果，而主觀規範以及知覺行為控制則影響作用都無顯著差異。再者，高中教師在教學上使用審定本教科書的忠實、相互調適、課程創生等三種不同取向，對於態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制對行為意向的影響方面，三種取向雖然在影響作用上有些差異，但未達 .05顯著差異，可見使用教科書不同取向的教師，在影響使用因素對行為意向的模式上，其影響作用大同小異。. 二、對未來研究之建議本研究主要使用問卷調查法進行量化研究，可以從統計分析角度，研究大量樣本在變項之間的關係如何，較具科學實證性，在資料蒐集上也較為省時方便。惟統計分析畢竟只能獲得表面數據分析結果，難以深入理解受試者的想法，也難以窺探變項關係之間的來龍去脈。為更深入了解高中教師在實際教學現場之教科書依賴與使用情況，建議未來研究可延續本研究量化研究成果，再採行焦點團體訪談法及教學現場觀察法等質性研究方法，以更深度探討高中教師使用教科書議題。. 參考文獻王世偉（2008）。小學教師使用教科書的情況及其影響因素研究（未出版之博士論文）。香港中文大學，香港。【Wang, S. W. (2008). Patterns of and factors influencing use of textbooks by primary school teachers (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.】. 朱斌妤、韓婷婷（2007）。民眾參與環境影響評估因素：一行為意圖模型分析。空大行政學報，18，25-62。【Chu, P. Y., & Han, T. T. (2007). Factors influencing citizen participation in environmental impact assessment: Test of a behavioral intention model. Open Public Administration Review, 18, 25-62.】. 余宗樺（2010）。由計畫行為理論分析影響國小教師使用自由軟體之因素：以彰化縣為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺東大學，臺東縣。【Yu, T. H. (2010). Analysing the factors of elementary school teachers in using free software based on theory of planned behavior: An example of Changhua county (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taitung University, Taitung County, Taiwan.】. 吳明隆、張毓仁（2010）。結構方程模型：實務應用秘笈。臺北市：五南。【Wu, M. L., & Zhang, Y. R. (2010). Structural equation modeling: Tips for practical application. Taipei, Taiwan: Wu-Nan Book.】. 吳麗君（2007）。教科書在英國學校脈絡下的使用情形及其對臺灣的啟示。國教月刊，47（6），5-17。【Wu, L. J. (2007). How textbooks using in UK education system and the inspiration to Taiwan. Elementary Education, 47(6), 517.】. 李茂能（2006）。結構方程模式軟體AMOS 之簡介及其在測驗編製上之應用：.

(26) 126 教育與心理研究 38 卷 4 期. Graphics & Basic。臺北市：心理。【Li, M. N. (2006). An introduction to Amos and its uses in scale development: Graphics & basic. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological.】. 市：雙葉書廊。【Chiou, H. J. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling with LISREL. Taipei, Taiwan: Yeh Yeh Book Gallery.】. 【Li, M. N. (2011). An introduction to graphic Amos 6.0/7.0 and its uses in research (2nd.). Taipei, Taiwan: Wu-Nan Book.】. 柯華葳、幸曼玲、林秀地（1995）。國小日常教學活動之生態研究。行政院教育改革審議委員會委託專題研究成果報告（PC8601-1122）。臺北市：行政院教育改革審議委員會。. 周珮儀（2003）。教科書研究的現況分析與趨勢展望。載於中華民國課程與教學學會（主編），教科書之選擇與評鑑（頁178-207）。高雄市：高雄復文圖書。. 【 Ke, H. W., Xing, M. L., & Lin, X. D. (1995). Ecological research of daily teaching activities in primary school. Education Reform Council of Executive Yuan Report (PC8601-1122). Taipei, Taiwan: Education Reform Council of Executive Yuan.】. 李茂能（2011）。圖解AMOS在學術研究之應用（第二版）。臺北市：五南。. 【Zhou, P. Y. (2003). The status analysis and trend prospect of textbooks. In Association of Curriculum and Instruction, ROC (Ed.), The selection and evaluation of textbook (pp. 178-207). Kaohsiung, Taiwan: Kaohsiung Fu Wen Books.】. 周祝瑛、陳威任（1995）。國中日常教學活動之生態研究。行政院教育改革審議委員會委託專題研究成果報告（PC8601-1122）。臺北市：行政院教育改革審議委員會。【 Zhou, Z. Y., & Chen, W. R. (1995). Ecological research of daily teaching activities in secondary school. Education Reform Council of Executive Yuan Report (PC8601-1122). Taipei, Taiwan: Education Reform Council of Executive Yuan.】. 邱博賢（2003）。觀光意象、滿意度與行為意向間關聯之研究：以宜蘭地區四大休閒農場為例（未出版之碩士論文）。世新大學，臺北市。【 Chiou, P. H. (2003). A study of the relationship among tourism image, satisfaction and behavioral intention: A case of four leisure farming in I-Lan area (Unpublished master’s thesis). Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan.】. 邱皓政（2011）。結構方程模式：LISREL SIMPLIS 原理與應用（二版）。臺北. 洪若烈（2003）。國小教師教科書使用方式及其影響因素之探討。國教學報， 15，137-192。【Hong, R. L. (2003). Types of and effects on teacher use of textbook materials. Journal of Elementary Education, 15, 137-192.】. 國家發展委員會（2011）。都市及區域發展統計彙編。取自http://statistic.ngis.org. tw/Document/pdf/100.pdf 【 National Development Council. (2011). Urban and regional development statistics: Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved from http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query4 A.asp?FullDoc=all&Fcode=H003002】. 張秋麗（2011）。以計畫行為理論探討國小教師選用數位教材因素之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。【Chang, C. L. (2011). Explain the factors of primary school teachers choosing digitalized teaching materials with theory of planned behavior (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.】. 張師穎（2008）。員工尋求員工諮商意圖之初探：以計劃行為理論為架構（未出版之碩士論文）。東吳大學，臺北市。【Chang, S. Y. (2008). A preliminary study of.

(27) 高中教師使用審定本教科書之影響因素研究：計畫行為理論之應用 127. the employee’s intention of seeking employment counseling based on the theory of planned behavior (Unpublished master’s thesis). Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan.】. 張淑青（2009）。目的地意象、滿意度與行為意圖的關係：目的地意象的區隔效果。臺灣管理學刊，8（1），1-22。【Chang, S. C. (2009). The relationships among destination image, visitors’ satisfaction and behavioral intentions: The effects of destination image segmentation. Taiwan Management Journal, 8(1), 1-22.】. 教育部統計處（2011）。重要教育統計資訊。取自http://www.edu.tw/pages/detail. aspx?Node=4076&Page=20047&Index= 5&WID=31d75a44-efff-4c44-a075-15a9 eb7aecdf 【 Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan). (2011). Education statistics. Retrieved from http://www.edu.tw/pages/ detail.aspx?Node=4076&Page=20047&Ind ex=5&WID=31d75a44-efff-4c44-a075-15a 9eb7aecdf】. 陳月茹（2009）。中小學教科書改革研究。北京市：教育科學。【Chen, Y. R. (2009). Reform of textbooks in primary and secondary school. Beijing, China: Education Science.】. 陳正昌、程炳林、陳新豐、劉子鍵（2009）。多變量分析方法：統計軟體應用。臺北市：五南。【Chen, Z. C., Cherng, B. L., Chen, S. F., & Liu, T. C. (2009). Multivariate analysis. Taipei, Taiwan: Wu-Nan Book.】. 黃政傑（2003）。重建教科書的概念與實務。課程與教學，6（1），1-12。【 Huang, Z. J. (2003). Re-conceptualizing textbook development concept and practic. Curriculum & Instruction Quarterly, 6(1), 1-12.】. 葉興華（2009）。五位國小教師教科書使用之分析。臺北市：五南。【Ye, X. H. (2009). The analysis of textbook use. of five elementary school teachers. Taipei, Taiwan: Wu Nan Book.】. 葉興華（2011，6月）。現行編審制度下國民中小學教師教科書使用之研究。論文發表於國家教育研究院舉辦之「教科書百年」演進國際學術研討會，臺北市。【Ye, X. H. (2011, June). The research on the textbook use of primary and secondary schools teachers. Paper presented at the International Conference on Textbook Centenary Transformation and Development in Taiwan of National Academy for Educational Research, Taipei, Taiwan.】. 甄曉蘭（2002）。中小學課程改革與教學革新。臺北市：高等教育。【Zhen, X. L. (2002). The reform of curriculum and teaching in primary and secondary schools. Taipei, Taiwan: Higher Education.】. 劉麗娟、許春峰（2010）。國小教師使用互動式電子白板的意願及影響因素之研究：以新竹市國小為例。資訊科學應用期刊，6（2），121-134。【Liu, L. C., & Syu, C. F. (2010). The study of the wills and the influencing factors of using interactive whiteboard among elementary school teachers in Hsinchu city. Journal of Computer Science and Application, 6(2), 121-134.】. 蔡清田（2012）。從課程學理論教科書的未來發展趨勢。載於國家教育研究院（主編），開卷有益：教科書回顧與前瞻（頁 553-582 ）。臺北市：高等教育。【Tsai, C. T. (2012). The future development trend of textbooks from curriculum theory. In National Academy for Educational Research (Ed.), Enriches the mind: Textbooks’ retrospect and prospect (pp. 553-582). Taipei, Taiwan: Higher Education.】. 鍾啟泉（2005）。現代課程論。臺北市：高.

(28) 128 教育與心理研究 38 卷 4 期. 等教育。【 Zhong, Q. Q. (2005). Contemporary curriculum theorizing. Taipei, Taiwan: Higher Education.】. 藍順德（2002）。九年一貫課程教科書審定政策執行之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立政治大學，臺北市。【 Lan, S. T. (2002). A study on the implementation of the nine-year integrated curriculum textbook screening policy (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.】. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11-39). New York, NY: Springer Verlag. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179211. Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Chambliss, J. M., & Calfee, R. C. (1998). Textbooks for learning: Nurturing children’s minds. Malden, MA: Blackwell. DeBolt, G. P. (1992). Consumers of textbooks: Concerns from the classroom. In J. G. Herlihy (Ed.), The textbook controversy: Issues, aspects and perspectives (pp. 137-145). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Demir, K. (2010). Predictors of internet use for the professional development of teachers: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. Teacher Development, 14(1), 1-14.. Donald, I., & Cooper, S. R. (2001). A facet approach to extending the normative component of the theory of reasoned action. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 599-621. Gerrig, R. J., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2002). Psychology and life. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/research/action/gloss ary.aspx#s Hagger, M., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Hein, V., Soós, I., Karsai, I., Lintunen, T., & Leemans, S. (2009). Teacher, peer and parent autonomy support in physical education and leisure-time physical activity: A trans-contextual model of motivation in four nations. Psychology & Health, 24(6), 689-711. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., & Babin, B. J. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Holmes, T. T. (2008). Predicting K--12 teacher support for a technology acceptable use policy: An application of the theory of planned behavior (Order No. 3352037). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I; ProQuest Education Journals. (304563650). Retrieved from http://search.proquest. com/docview/304563650?accountid=100 67 Jones, J. P. (2009). Preservice teacher attitudes and intentions toward an inclusive educational environment: An application of the theory of planned behavior (Order No. 3389252). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I; ProQuest Education Journals. (304866043). Retrieved from.

(29) 高中教師使用審定本教科書之影響因素研究：計畫行為理論之應用 129. http://search.proquest.com/docview/3048 66043?accountid=10067 Joshi, P. M. (2003). Reasoned action versus planned behaviour in bus use (Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University). Retrieved from http://facweb.knowlton. ohio-state.edu/jnasar/crpinfo/teaching/Jo shi%202003.pdf Komoski, P. K. (1985). Instructional materials will not improve until we change the system. Educational Leadership, 42(7), 31-37. MacFarlane, K., & Woolfson, L. M. (2013). Teacher attitudes and behavior toward the inclusion of children with social, emotional and behavioral difficulties in mainstream schools: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Teaching and Teacher Education, 29(2013), 46-52. Mikk, J. (2000). Textbook: Research and writing. New York, NY: Peter lang. Parker, W. C., & McDaniel, J. C. (1992). Bricolage: Teachers do it daily. In E. W. Ross (Ed.), Teacher personal theorizing: Connecting curriculum practice, theory, and research (pp. 97-114). New York, NY: State University of New York Press. Remillard, J. T. (2005). Examining key concepts in research on teachers’ use of mathematics curricula. Review of Educational Research, 75(2), 211-246. Remillard, J. T., & Bryans, M. B. (2004). Teachers’ orientations toward mathematics curriculum materials: Implications for teacher learning. Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 35(5), 352-388. Shin, N. (2004). Strategies for generating ebusiness returns on investment. Hershey,. PA: Idea Group. Sikorova, Z. (2011). The role of textbooks in lower secondary schools in the Czech Republic. IARTEM e-Journal, 4(2), 1-22. Teo, T., & Tan, L. (2012). The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and pre-service teachers’ technology acceptance: A validation study using structural equation modeling. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 20(1), 89-104. Turner, J. C. (1991). Social influence. Milton Keynes, England: Open University Press. Underwood, P. R. (2012). Teacher beliefs and intentions regarding the instruction of english grammar under national curriculum reforms: A theory of planned behaviour perspective. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(6), 911-925. Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186-204..

(30)