澳門四高校聯合入學考試(語言科及數學科)
Joint Admission Examination for Macao Four Higher Education Institutions
(Languages and Mathematics)
2017/2018 學年試題及參考答案
2017/2018 Examination Paper and Suggested Answer
日期:二○一七年四月二日 考試時間:一小時 注意事項: 1. 考生獲發文件如下: 1.1 本考卷包括封面共 4 頁 1.2 答題簿一本 1.3 草稿紙一張 2. 請於答題簿首頁填寫聯考編號、科目編號及名稱、考場、樓宇、考室及座號。 3. 本考卷共有五條解答題,每題二十分,任擇三題作答。全卷滿分為六十分。 4. 必須在答題簿內作答,寫在其他地方的答案將不會獲評分。 5. 如作答多於三題,只有首三題可得分。 6. 必須將解題步驟清楚寫出。只當答案和所有步驟正確而清楚地表示出來,考生方可獲 得滿分。 7. 本考卷的圖形並非按比例繪畫。 8. 考生可使用不具備輸入計算程式功能之計算機,並於操作計算器時不可發出任何聲響。 考生嚴禁使用具列印功能、顯示圖表/文字功能之計算器。 9. 請用藍色或黑色原子筆作答。 10. 考試完畢,考生須交回本考卷、答題簿及草稿紙。
任擇三題作答,每題二十分。 1. 如上圖所示,A-BCD 為一三棱錐,AC 垂直平面 BCD, 2 BCD , 1 | | | |AC CD , | BC |2。設 E 為直線 BD 上的一點,使得 AE 垂直 BD。 (a) (i) 求點 B 至直線 AD 的距離。[提示: 先證明 |BA | | BD |。] (7 分) (ii) 求點 C 至平面 ABD 的距離。 (5 分) (b) (i) 證明 CE 垂直 BD。 (2 分)
(ii) 求二面角 A-BD-C,答案以 tan1 表示。[提示: 求 | EC 。] | (6 分)
2. (a) 一體積為 72 cm3 的長方體,其長、闊、高分別為 2x cm、x cm 及 h cm, 其中 1 x6。 (i) 把長方體的表面面積表示成 x 的函數 S(x)。 (3 分) (ii) 求 dx dS 及 2 2 dx S d ,1 x6。 (2 分) (iii) 繪出曲線 y S(x)。圖中標示出局部極大點、局部極小點和拐點。 (6 分) (iv) 求 S(x) 的最大及最小值。 (2 分) (b) 求 a 的值,使得由曲線 yax(ax) 和 x-軸所包圍的區域的面積為 3 8 。 (7 分) B A C D E
3. 設直線 L:ymxc (m0) 為拋物線 P:y2 2x 的切線。 (a) 證明 m c 2 1 。 (6 分) (b) 設 L 及 1 L 為拋物線 2 P 的兩條不同的切線,其斜率分別為非零數 m 及 1 m 。 2 (i) 求 L 及 1 L 的交點 A,答案以 2 m 及 1 m 表示。 2 (7 分) (ii) 設 m1 m2 1,求點 A 的軌跡。 (7 分) 4. 設 i 1。
(a) 設 zcos isin,其中 為實數。
(i) 用數學歸納法,證明對任意正整數 n,zn cosnisinn。 (6 分)
(ii) 證明對任意正整數 n, n
z
zn 1 n 2cos 。 (5 分)
(b) 用 (a) (ii) 的結果,證明恆等式 8cos4 cos4 4cos23。 (5 分) (c) 用 (b) 的結果,求方程 cos4 4cos2 10 的通解。 (4 分) 5. (a) 因式分解行列式 1 1 1 2 2 2 b a c a c b c b a 。 (8 分) (b) 求方程組 13 3 2 5 2 z y x z y x 的通解。 (3 分) (c) 已知以 x、y 和 z 為未知量的方程組: (E): 3 13 3 2 5 2 z y px z y x z y x , 其中 p 為常數。 (i) 求 p 的取值範圍,使得 (E) 有唯一解。 (3 分) (ii) 用 (b) 的通解,求 p 的取值範圍,使得 (E) 有唯一正數解 (x,y,z), 即 x0,y0,z0。 (6 分) 全卷完
Date: April 2, 2017 Examination time: one hour
Instructions:
1. Each candidate is provided with the following documents:
1.1 Question paper including cover page – 4 pages
1.2 One answer booklet
1.3 One sheet of draft paper
2. Fill in your JAE No., subject code and title, campus, building, room and seat no. on the front
page of the answer booklet.
3. There are 5 questions in this paper, each carries 20 marks. Answer any 3 questions. Full mark
of this paper is 60.
4. Put your answers in the answer booklet provided. Answers put elsewhere will not be marked.
5. If more than 3 questions are answered, only the first 3 will be marked.
6. Show all your steps in getting to the answer. Full credits will be given only if the answer and
all the steps are correct and clearly shown.
7. The diagrams in this examination paper are not drawn to scale.
8. Candidates may use a non-programmable calculator which is silent during operation.
Candidates are strictly prohibited from using a calculator with print-out, graphic/word-display
functions.
9. Answer the questions with a blue or black ball pen.
10. Candidates must return the question paper, answer booklet and draft paper at the end of the
B
A
C
D E
Answer any 3 questions, each carries 20 marks.
1.
In the above figure, A-BCD is a triangular pyramid, AC is perpendicular to
plane BCD,
2
BCD , |AC | CD| |1 and | BC |2. Let E be a point on BD such that AE is perpendicular BD.
(a) (i) Find the distance from point B to line AD.
[Hint: Show firstly that |BA | | BD |.] (7 marks)
(ii) Find the distance from point C to planeABD. (5 marks) (b) (i) Prove that CE is perpendicular to BD. (2 marks)
(ii) Find the dihedral angle A-BD-C. Express your answer in terms of tan1.
[Hint: Find | EC .] | (6 marks)
2. (a) A rectangular block has volume 72 cm3. Its length, width and height are 2x cm, x cm and h cm, respectively, where 1 x6.
(i) Express the surface area of the block as a function S(x) in x. (3 marks) (ii) Find dx dS and 2 2 dx S d , 1 x6. (2 marks)
(iii) Sketch the curve y S(x). Indicate in the graph the local maximum points,
local minimum points and inflection points. (6 marks)
(iv) Find the maximum and minimum values of S(x). (2 marks) (b) Find the value(s) of a such that the area of the region bounded the curve
yax(ax)and the x-axis is 3 8
3. Let L:ymxc (m0) be a tangent line of the parabola P:y2 2x. (a) Show that
m c
2 1
. (6 marks)
(b) Suppose L1 and L2 are two different tangent lines of the parabola P and their
slopes are nonzero numbers m and 1 m , respectively. 2
(i) Find the intersection point A of L1 and L2. Express your answer in terms of
m and 1 m . 2 (7 marks)
(ii) Suppose m1 m2 1. Find the locus of point A. (7 marks)
4. Let i 1.
(a) Let zcosisin, where is a real number.
(i) Use mathematical induction to show that zncosn isinn for all positive
integers n. (6 marks)
(ii) Show that for all positive integers n, n z z n n cos 2 1 . (5 marks)
(b) Using the result in (a) (ii), prove the identity 8cos4 cos44cos2 3. (5 marks) (c) Using the result in (b), find the general solution of cos4 4cos2 10. (4 marks)
5. (a) Factorize the determinant 1 1 1 2 2 2 b a c a c b c b a . (8 marks)
(b) Find the general solution of the system of equations 13 3 2 5 2 z y x z y x . (3 marks)
(c) Given a system of equations with unknowns x, y and z:
(E): 3 13 3 2 5 2 z y px z y x z y x , where p is a constant.
(i) Find the range of p such that (E) has a unique solution. (3 marks) (ii) Using the general solution in (b), find the range of p such that (E) has a unique
參考答案:
1. (a) (i) 因 |AB | |AC|2 |BC|2 5 及 |BD | |BC|2 |CD|2 5,故 BAD
是等腰三角形,其中 |AB | | BD|。設 F 為 AD 的中點,則
BF
AD
及 2 2 2 | | | |AF AD 。因此,點 B 至直線 AD 的距離為 2 2 3 | | | | | |BF AB 2 AF 2 。 (ii) 設 h 為點 C 至平面 ABD 的距離,則有 A B C D 的體積 3 1 | || | 2 1 | | 3 1 AC BC CD 及 C ABD的體積 2 | || | 2 1 3 1 h BF AD h ,故 3 2 h 。 (b) (i) 因 AC BCD,故 AC BD。連同AE
BD
,得知 BD ACE。由此得出 CE BD。(ii) 從 (i),得知二面角 A-BD-C 與 AEC 相等。由 | || | 2 1 | | 5 2 1 CE BD CE B C D 的面積 | || | 1 2 1 BC CD , 得出 5 5 2 | |CE ,故二面角 A-BD-C 2 5 tan | | | | tan1 1 CE AC AEC 。 2. (a) (i) 長方體的表面面積為2
(2x)x(2x)hxh
4x26xhcm2。由體積的條件 得到 72(2x)(x)(h),即 362 x h ,故 x x x S( )4 2 216。 (ii) 8 2162 x x dx dS 及 2 3 2 432 8 x dx S d (iii) 08 2162 0x3270x3 x x dx dS 。 當 1 x3 時, 0 dx dS , 故 S(x) 是遞減的。 當 3 x6 時, 0 dx dS , 故 S(x) 是遞增的。 因此,S(3)108 是一局部極小點。 2 8 4323 0, 1 6, 2 x x dx S d 此曲線沒有拐點,且是凸的。(iv) S(x) 的最大值是 S(1)220,其最小值是 S(3)108。 (b) 解 ax(a x)0,得知曲線 yax(ax) 交 x-軸於 x0 和x 。 a 用面積的條件,得出 2 3 8 6 3 8 3 2 3 8 4 0 3 2 2 0 2 2
a x ax dx a x ax a a a a 。 3. (a) 解 x y c mx y 2 2 ,由 (mx c) 2x 2 得 m2x2(2mc2)xc20。 (*) 因 L 是 P 的切線,故 (*) 有二重根,其判別式等於 0。因此得 (2mc2)24m2c20,即 m c 2 1 。 (b) (i) 設 L1 及 L2 分別為 1 1 2 1 m x m y 及 2 2 2 1 m x m y , 它們的交點 A 是 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 , 2 1 m m m m m m 。 (ii) 因 m1 m21,故點 A 是 2 1 2 1 2 1 , 2 1 m m m m ,且有 4 1 2 1 4 1 ) 1 ( 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 m m m m m m m 。 由於 m 1 m2,得知 2 1 1 m ,故 4 1 2 1m m 。所以, 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 y=S(x) x y4. (a) (i) 設 S(n) 代表命題 “zn cosnisinn”。當 n1, ) 1 ( S 明顯成立。假設對 某正整數k,S(k) 成立,即 zk coskisink 。 則 ] ) 1 sin[( ] ) 1 cos[( ) cos sin sin (cos ) sin sin cos (cos ) sin )(cos sin (cos 1 k i k k k i k k i k i k z z zk k 故 S( k 1) 也成立。根據數學歸納法原理,S(n) 對所有正整數 n 都成立。 (ii) 因 znzn( c o snis i nn) ( c o snis i nn)c o s2ns i n2n 1, 故 1 z (cosn isinn) z n n ,從而得到 n z zn 1 n 2cos 。 (b) 用 (a)(ii) 的結果, ) 6 2 cos 8 4 cos 2 ( 16 1 6 1 4 1 16 1 1 1 4 6 4 16 1 1 2 1 cos 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 z z z z z z z z z z 由此可知恆等式成立。 (c) 用 (b) 的結果, 2 2 c o s 2 c o s 8 2 3 2 c o s 4 4 c o s 0 1 2 c o s 4 4 c o s 4 4 k ,其中 k 為整數。
5. (a) ) )( )( ( 1 0 1 0 1 ) )( ( 0 1 0 1 ) ( 1 1 0 1 ) ( 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 b c c a b a a c b a c b a c a b a c a a c b a c b a b a b a c b a c b a b a b a c b a a b c b a b a c c a b c b a (b) 1 2 2 5 2 13 3 2 5 2 z y z y x z y x z y x 設z t,則方程組的通解可寫成 x 4t,y12t,z t,其中 t 是任意 實數。 (c) (i) 方程組 (E) 有唯一解當且僅當 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 2 1 p ,即 p1。 (ii) 因 (E) 的首兩條方程有正數解,用 (b) 的通解,得知 x4t0,y12t0,z t0,從而亦知 0 t4。把通解代入第三 條方程,得 p(4t)(12t)t3,即 t p 4 2 1 。由 0 t4,得出 2 1 p 。從 (i) 得知此正數解是唯一的。
Suggested Answer
1. (a) (i) Since |AB | |AC|2 |BC|2 5 and |BD | |BC|2 |CD|2 5, BAD
is an isosceles triangle with |AB | | BD|. Let F be the mid-point of AD. Then, BF AD and 2 2 2 | | |
|AF AD . Hence, the distance from point B to line AD is
2 2 3 | | | | | |BF AB 2 AF 2 .
(ii) Let h be the distance from point C to plane ABD. Then,
volume of A BCD 3 1 | || | 2 1 | | 3 1 AC BC CD and volume of C ABD 2 | || | 2 1 3 1 h BF AD h . Hence 3 2 h .
(b) (i) Since AC BCD, we know that AC BD. Together with AE BD, we have BD A C E. Hence, CE BD.
(ii) From (i), we know that the dihedral angle A-BD-C and AEC are equal. From | || | 2 1 | | 5 2 1 CE BD CE area of BCD | || | 1 2 1 BC CD , 5 5 2 |
|CE . Hence, the dihedral angle A-BD-C
2 5 tan | | | | tan1 1 CE AC AEC .
2. (a) (i) The surface area of the rectangular block is 2
(2x)x(2x)hxh
4x26xh cm2. Form the condition on the volume, we get 72(2x)(x)(h), i.e., 362x h . Hence, x x x S( )4 2 216. (ii) 8 2162 x x dx dS and 2 3 2 432 8 x dx S d (iii) 08 2162 0x3270x3 x x dx dS . When 1 x3, 0 dx dS . So S(x) is decreasing. When 3 x6, 0 dx dS . So S(x) is increasing. Hence S(3)108 is a local minimum point. 2 8 4323 0, 1 6, 2 x x dx S d
(iv) The maximum value of S(x) is S( 1) 220, and its minimum value is S(3)108.
(b) Solving ax(a x)0, we know that the curve yax(ax) intersects the x-axis at x0 andx a. Using the condition on the area, we get
2 3 8 6 3 8 3 2 3 8 4 0 3 2 2 0 2 2
a x ax dx a x ax a a a a . 3. (a) We solve x y c mx y 2 2 . From (mx c) 2x 2 we get m2x2(2mc2)xc2 0. (*) Since L is a tangent line of P, (*) has a double root and so its discriminant is 0.Hence we get (2mc2)24m2c20, i.e.
m c
2 1 . (b) (i) Let L and 1 L be, respectively, 2
1 1 2 1 m x m y and 2 2 2 1 m x m y .
Their intersection point A is 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 , 2 1 m m m m m m .
(ii) Sincem1 m2 1, the point A is 2 1 2 1 2 1 , 2 1 m m m m . Moreover, we have 4 1 2 1 4 1 ) 1 ( 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 m m m m m m m . As m 1 m2, we know that 2 1 1 m and hence 4 1 2 1m m . Thus, 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 y=S(x) x y
4. (a) (i) Let S(n) denote the proposition “zncosnisinn”. When n1, S(1) is obviously true. Suppose S(k) is true for some positive integer k, i.e.
zk c o s k is i nk. Then, . ] ) 1 sin[( ] ) 1 cos[( ) cos sin sin (cos ) sin sin cos (cos ) sin )(cos sin (cos 1 k i k k k i k k i k i k z z zk k
Thus, S( k 1) is true. By the principle of mathematical induction, S(n)is true for all positive integers n.
(ii) Since
znzn (cosnisinn)(cosnisinn)cos2nsin2n1, we get 1 z (cosn isinn)
z n
n , from which we obtain n
z z n n cos 2 1 .
(b) Using the result in (a)(ii),
. ) 6 2 c o s 8 4 c o s 2 ( 16 1 6 1 4 1 16 1 1 1 4 6 4 16 1 1 2 1 cos 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 z z z z z z z z z z
Hence we know that the identity is true. (c) Using the result in (b),
2 2 c o s 2 c o s 8 2 3 2 c o s 4 4 c o s 0 1 2 c o s 4 4 c o s 4 4 k , where k is an integer.
5. (a) ) )( )( ( 1 0 1 0 1 ) )( ( 0 1 0 1 ) ( 1 1 0 1 ) ( 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 b c c a b a a c b a c b a c a b a c a a c b a c b a b a b a c b a c b a b a b a c b a a b c b a b a c c a b c b a (b) 1 2 2 5 2 13 3 2 5 2 z y z y x z y x z y x
Letting z t, the solution of the system of equations can be expressed as x 4t,y12t,z t, where t is any real number.
(c) (i) The system (E) has a unique solution if and only if 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 2 1 p , i.e. p1.
(ii) For the first two equations of (E) to have a positive solution, using the general solution obtained in (b), we have x4t0, y12t0, z t0, from which we deduce that 0 t4. Substituting the general solution to the third equation, we get p(4t)(12t)t 3 and hence
t p 4 2 1 . From 0 t4, we get 2 1