土木工程拓展署 土力工程處
Geotechnical Engineering Office
Civil Engineering and Development Department
Senior Secondary Enriching Knowledge for the Geography Curriculum: (5) Dynamic Earth Series – Geology of Hong Kong and Slope Safety System
高中地理課程知識增益:(5) 動態的地球系列 – 香港地質及斜坡安全系統
Senior Secondary Enriching Knowledge for the Geography Curriculum: (5) Dynamic Earth Series – Geology of Hong Kong and Slope Safety System
高中地理課程知識增益:(5) 動態的地球系列 – 香港地質及斜坡安全系統
Slope Safety System of Hong Kong 香港斜坡安全系統
Speaker: Ms Irene Yu (Geotechnical Engineer)
講者: 余珍瑩女士 (土力工程師)
Contents 內容
• History of Landslides 山泥傾瀉的歷史
• Common Types of Landslides 山泥傾瀉的類型
• Common Causes of Landslides 山泥傾瀉的成因
• Hong Kong Slope Safety System 香港斜坡安全系統
天然山坡 / 人造斜坡
Natural Hillside / Man-made Slope
天然山坡
Natural hillside
人造斜坡
Man-made slope
Retaining Wall 擋土牆牆
Natural Terrain 天然山坡
Cut Slope 削坡
Platform 平台
Fill Slope 填土坡 天然山坡
Natural Terrain
人造斜坡 Man‐made
Slope
削坡 Cut Slope
削土坡 Soil Cut Slope
削石坡 Rock Cut Slope
填土坡 Fill Slope
擋土牆 Retaining Wall
香港地形
Topography of Hong Kong
香港陸地面積約1100平方公里(60%是天然山坡)
The land area of Hong Kong is about 1,100 km
2(60% of which are natural hillsides)
5
平均每年接獲300宗山泥傾瀉報告
An average of 300 reported landslide cases yearly
己連拿利
1889 Glenealy山道
1926 Hill Road翠屏道
1964 Tsui Ping Road司徒拔道
1966 Stubbs Road馬山村
1968 Ma Shan Village司徒拔道
1970 Stubbs Road18.6.1972
秀茂坪山泥傾瀉 (71人死亡)
Sau Mau Ping Landslide(71 dead)
「六一八大災難」
“618 Disaster"
18.6.1972 晚上 寶珊道山泥傾瀉
(67人死亡)
Po Shan Road Landslide (67 dead)
景翠園
「六一八大災難」
“618 Disaster"
山泥傾瀉的類型
Common Types of Landslides
天然山坡 Natural Terrain
孤石下墜 Boulder Fall
泥石流 Debris Flow
山坡塌滑 Open Hillside
Landslide
深層滑動 Deep‐seated
Landslide
削土坡 Soil Cut Slope
滑動 Sliding
沖蝕 Washout
削石坡 Rock Cut Slope
滑動 Sliding
坍塌 Toppling
楔形崩塌 Wedge Failure
解開 Ravelling
填土坡 Fill Slope
滑動 Sliding
沖蝕 Washout
液化 Liquefaction
擋土牆 Retaining Wall
擋土牆崩塌 Retaining Wall
Failure
斜坡崩塌的形式
Failure Mechanisms of Slopes
天然山坡 Natural Terrain
孤石下墜 Boulder Fall
泥石流 Debris Flow
斜坡崩塌的形式
Failure Mechanisms of Slopes
大嶼山 ‐泥石流
Debris flow at Lantau , 2008 鯉魚門 ‐ 孤石下墜 Boulder fall at Lei Yue Mun
1995
青山 ‐ 山坡塌滑 Open Hillside Landslide at
Tsing Shan 2000
山坡塌滑 Open Hillside
Landslide
深層滑動 Deep‐seated
Landslide
削土坡 Soil Cut Slope
滑動 Sliding
沖蝕 Washout
斜坡崩塌的形式
Failure Mechanisms of Slopes
象山邨山泥傾瀉
Landslide at Cheung Shan Estate 1993
翡翠道山泥傾瀉 Landslide at Fei Tsui Road
1995
填土坡 Fill Slope
滑動 Sliding
液化 Liquefaction
沖蝕 Washout
斜坡崩塌的形式
Failure Mechanisms of Slopes
麗都灣山泥傾瀉 Landslide at Lido Beach
1997
削石坡
Rock Cut Slope 坍塌
Toppling
楔形崩塌 Wedge Failure
解開 Ravelling 滑動
Sliding
斜坡崩塌的形式
Failure Mechanisms of Slopes
屯門公路 ‐ 孤石墜下 Boulder Fall at Tuen
Mun Highway 1995
觀塘 ‐ 削石坡崩塌 Rock cut slope failure at
Kwun Tong 1989
擋土牆 Retaining Wall
擋土牆崩塌 Retaining Wall
Failure
斜坡崩塌的形式
Failure Mechanisms of Slopes
觀龍樓 ‐擋土牆崩塌
Retaining wall failure at Kwun Lung Lau 1994
山泥傾瀉的成因
Causes of Landslides
導致山泥傾瀉的因素
Causes of Landslides
導致山泥傾瀉的因素
Causes of Landslides
極端天氣帶來特大暴雨 的頻率和強度增加
Increased frequency and intensity of heavy rainstorms
caused by extreme weather
氣候變化
Climate change
山泥傾瀉 風險增加
Increased risk of landslides
氣候變化的影響
Influence of Climate Change
導致山泥傾瀉的因素
Causes of Landslides
香 港 山 泥 傾 瀉 不 可 能 是 零 風 險
T h e r i s k o f l a n d s l i d e i n H o n g K o n g c a n n o t b e
Z E R O
導致山泥傾瀉的因素
Causes of Landslides
2021.6.28
大嶼山嶼南路近上長沙泳灘
山泥傾瀉警告及紅色暴雨
超過2,000立方米山泥塌下
嶼南路一度全線封閉及的士站損毀
2021.11.5
超過2,000立方米山泥塌下 山頂道
來往交通受阻達一星期
香港斜坡安全系統
Hong Kong Slope Safety System
香港斜坡安全系統
Hong Kong Slope Safety System
長遠防治山泥傾瀉計劃
Landslip Prevention and Mitigation Programme (LPMitP)
計劃的每年目標包括:
The annual targets of the LPMitP are :
• 鞏固150幅不合符標準的政府人造斜坡;
• 為30幅有風險的天然山坡進行研究及施行必需的風險緩減工程;及
• 為100幅私人人造斜坡進行安全篩選研究。
• To upgrade 150 substandard government man-made slopes;
• To study and to implement necessary risk mitigation works for 30 vulnerable natural hillside catchments; and
• To conduct safety-screening studies for 100 private man-made slopes.
防止與緩減
Prevention vs Mitigation
防止 Prevention
• 防止山泥傾瀉發生
• Prevent landslide from happening
• 使用鞏固措施
• Use stabilization measures
• 用於人造斜坡非常有效
• Effective for man-made slopes
緩減 Mitigation
• 緩減後果 (山泥傾瀉仍會發生)
• Minimizing consequence (landslides still occur)
• 使用緩減措施
• Use mitigation measures
• 用於天然山坡具經濟效益
• Cost effective for natural terrain
鞏固措施例子
Examples of Preventive Measures
泥釘
Soil nailing扶牆
Buttress附加表牆
Skin Wall石網
Rock mesh鞏固措施例子
Examples of Preventive Measures
排水溝
Drainage channel排水斜管
Raking drain緩減措施例子
Examples of Mitigation Measures
泥石壩
Check dam柔性防護網
Flexible barrier石籠網屏障
Gabion barrier抵擋柱
Baffles薄扶林 明德村
Middleton Towers, Pokfulam
泥石壩
Checkdam
斜視圖
Oblique view
平面圖
Plan view
上坡地表流水
Surface runoff from upslope area
被山泥沖斷的 食水管
Ruptured fresh water pipe (by debris impact)
泥石壩有效阻擋天然山坡上的山泥傾瀉
Checkdam Effectively Blocked Landslides Debris on Natural Hillside
壩尾 東涌
Pa Mei, Tung Chung
柔性防護網有效阻擋天然山坡上的山泥傾瀉
Flexible barriers Effectively Blocked Landslides Debris from Natural Hillside
提升緊急應變能力
「智能泥石壩」
泥石壩 泥石壩
深井新村
全天候監測泥石壩的狀況
當發生泥石堆積時,透過流動 應用程式即時通知本處
預警可能發生重大泥石流,從
而及時通報相關部門和市民。
研究綠化技術
Research of greening technology
美化斜坡
Landscape treatment of slope制定指引
Establishing guidelines
進行工地試驗
Conducting site trials
改善斜坡外觀
Landscape Treatment of Slopes
生態優化
35
2005 2010
2015 2012
36
寶雲道 - 崩塌殘痕修復
Bowen Road – Recovery of Landslide scar
發布山泥傾瀉警告
Issuance Landslip Warnings
山泥傾瀉警報系統
Landslip warning system
- 提醒市民注意潛在的山泥傾瀉危險
To alert the public to potential landslide danger
全年廿四小時的緊急服務
24-hour year-round emergency services
- 保障公眾免受山泥傾瀉威脅
To protect the general public from landslide hazards
- 盡快恢復受影響的公共設施
To restore public services disrupted by landslides as soon as possible
提供山泥傾瀉緊急服務
Provision of Landslide Emergency Services
斜坡安全巡迴展覽和講座
Roving exhibitions and seminars
校際工作坊及比賽
Inter-school workshops and competitions
校園大使計劃
School Ambassodor Programme
山泥傾瀉科技展學館導賞參觀
Po Shan Tunnel – Landslide Sci-tech Chamber guided tour
公眾教育活動
Public Education Activities
網上斜坡安全講座
Online slope safety seminar
網上斜坡保養維修講座
Online slope maintenance seminar
網上校園大使計劃
Virtual School Ambassador Programme
公眾教育活動 (疫情期間的安排)
Public Education Activities (Arrangement during epidemic)
更新 香港斜坡安全 網頁
方便市民掌握資訊
校園大使分享主題講座
Thematic talk by School Ambassador
校內展覽
Exhibition at School
STEM工作坊
STEM workshop
校園大使計劃
School Ambassador Programme
聯絡人: 劉斯俊博士
Contact person: Dr Samuel Lau
電話: 2762 5286
電郵: samuelsclau@cedd.gov.hk
報名方法
網上的虛擬展覽
Online Virtual Exhibition校園大使計劃 (疫情期間的安排)
School Ambassador Programme (Arrangement during epidemic)
虛擬展覽的網址
Website of virtual exhibition:
https://hkss.cedd.gov.hk/VR‐Exhibition/
DRAINAGE TUNNEL EXPRESSION GALLERY 排水隧道體驗廊
山泥傾瀉知識廊 LANDSLIDE WISDOM
GALLERY
氣候變化印象廊 CLIMATE CHANGE
IMPRESSION GALLERY 寶珊災難紀念廊
PO SHAN MEMORIAL GALLERY
山泥傾瀉科技展學館導賞參觀
Po Shan Tunnel – Landslide Sci-tech Chamber guided tour
報名網址
Registration link:https://hkss.cedd.gov.hk/hkss/en/visit‐tour/po‐shan‐drainage‐tunnel/index.html
一九七二年「六一八雨災」山泥傾瀉事故五十周年 紀念及公眾教育活動
巡迴專題展覽 Roving exhibition
日期: 2022年6月3日至6日
Date: 3‐6 June 2022
地點: F倉展室, 大館 – 古蹟及藝術館, 中環
Venue: F Hall Studio, Tai Kung – Centre for Heritage and Arts, Central
日期: 2022年6月17日至20日(暫定)
Date: 17‐20 June 2022
地點: 東港城1樓, 將軍澳
Venue: Level 1, East Point City, Tseng Kwan O
謝謝 Thank you
土力工程處
土木工程拓展署
香港斜坡安全網頁
https://hkss.cedd.gov.hk
Geotechnical Engineering Office
Civil Engineering and Development Department