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A Study of Strategy for Sustainable Product Design and Development by Product Service System - Office Electronic and Ele 陳美芳、杜瑞澤

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A Study of Strategy for Sustainable Product Design and Development by Product Service System - Office Electronic and Ele

陳美芳、杜瑞澤

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Because of environmental awareness increasing, they focus on the sustainable development with the business management and the product development between enterprises. There are many IT products swift to develop all around the world, but they also made waste and impact for ecological environment. So European Union made the laws of WEEE and RoHS to control the situation.

“Reduce Production, Lower Pollutions, reuse products, and recycle products” they became the targets from enterprises. One way they use is the Product Service System, its goal purposes to reduce the total production, improve environmental design, and reuse and recycle the compositions or detail parts of products. They also try to improve the efficiency in the use of products, reduce the overuse of resources and the waste. In the end, they can reduce the impact of environment and improve the product life cycle.

This research will introduce the concept of sustainable service system which is used in green design field. Under the way of Network Analysis Procedure”, we tried to figure out the design and the development of the electronic device in the office considering the weighting factor and the framework analysis, all those will be the basis research for green design products. Modified Delphi Method could find the way by analyzing the sustainable service system in green design products, and used the evaluation and the check sheets on the application of green design products, so that we can make sure to reach the goal. Finally, we can figure out the construction.

Through the application of green design products, improve the influence of product life cycle to our environment. With help and identify reaching the goal of the sustainable development of green products.

This thesis was made questionnaires by picking up the specialists in electronic enterprises. The result showed the weighted value fell into place by the maintenance service, after using service, retail outlets service, supporting system, material selection, legislation of environment, manufacture procedure, transportation and distribution, waste, recycle and package design, all of these help designers control easily in the field of the product life cycle while designing green products in various type of products of service systems by rapidly reactions, and finally the result could be the reference of the follow-up research or let the enterprises have batter chances in environmental issues in the future.

Keywords : Product Service System (PSS)、WEEE、RoHS、Product Life Cycle、sustainable design、Analytic Network Process

、ANP

Table of Contents

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書iii 中文摘要iv 英文摘要vi 致謝viii 目錄ix 圖目錄xii 表目錄xiii

第一章 緒論1 1.1研究背景1 1.2研究動機2 1.3研究目的3 1.4研究重要性4 1.5研究範圍與限制5 1.6重要名詞解釋6 1.7研究流程8

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第二章 文獻探討9 2.1永續產品設計10 2.1.1綠色設計11 2.1.2綠色消費與發展13 2.1.3綠色設計策略16

2.1.4永續產品設計開發模式19 2.1.5小結21

2.2產品服務化22

2.2.1產品服務化之架構23 2.2.2產品服務化之特色27 2.2.3產品服務化之效益28 2.2.4小結33

2.3辦公室設備分析34

2.3.1辦公室電子電機產品種類36 2.3.2辦公室電子電機產品租賃現況42 2.3.3辦公室電子電機產品分析47 2.4文獻總結51

第三章 研究方法53 3.1研究架構53

3.2研究調查訪談對象55 3.3研究工具56

3.3.1研究問卷設計56 3.3.2綠色設計檢核表57 3.4資料分析方法59 3.4.1分析網路程序法59

3.4.1.1分析網路程序法決策程序61 3.4.1.2分析網路程序法分析步驟62 3.4.2修正式德爾菲法64

3.4.2.1德爾菲法定義65 3.4.2.2德爾菲法操作流程68 第四章 研究分析結果74 4.1調查對象基本資料74

4.2PSS於產品設計開發與LCA架構之權重優勢度排序78 4.2.1 ANP之模型建構79

4.2.2決策軟體之模型建構82 4.2.3分析結果之超矩陣83 4.2.4問卷調查分析結果87

4.3辦公室電子電機設備永續產品設計開發之準則109 4.3.1第一回問卷分析結果110

4.3.2第二回問卷分析結果116

4.4辦公室電子電機設備之永續產品設計開發評量準則與檢核表121 4.5PSS永續產品設計開發之策略應用模式124

第五章 結論130 5.1研究結論130 5.2研究建議132 參考文獻134 附錄一141 附錄二161 圖目錄

圖1.1研究流程8 圖2.1文獻探討架構9

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圖2.2綠色產品環境化設計之要素12 圖2.3整合產品政策20

圖2.4產品服務化之分類架構24 圖2.5產品服務化之要素24 圖2.6產品服務化之八種類型26

圖2.7產品服務化系統所提供的服務種類27 圖3.1研究架構54

圖3.2德爾菲法操作步驟之流程70

圖3.3德爾菲法與修正式德爾菲法之流程圖比較73 圖4.1 ANP模型建構示意圖79

圖4.2 ANP網路架構圖81

圖4.3 Super Decision模型建構圖82 圖4.4權重排序(Priorities)87

圖4.5 PSS永續產品設計開發策略架構圖126 表目錄

表2.1綠色消費原則14 表2.2永續設計策略規劃16

表2.3企業環境管理工作之設計原則18 表2.4各階段環保效應考量之因素19 表2.5服務化之特色28

表2.6產品服務化系統對環境的好處29 表2.7產品服務化之案例30

表2.8 WEEE指令所列電機電子設備之分類36 表2.9辦公室電子電機產品分析38

表2.10影印設備租賃規格43

表2.11數位式影印機(含附加配備)租賃規格44

表2.12文書整合作業多功能數位式彩色複合機租賃規格45 表2.13多功能數位式影印機租賃規格45

表3.1生命週期檢核表58 表3.2 ANP法的六個主要步驟63 表4.1企業訪談名單76

表4.2專家問卷發放及回收情形77 表4.3專家任職分佈77

表4.4專家專業領域分佈78 表4.5專家任職時間分佈78

表4.6產品服務化系統永續設計策略之關連性80 表4.7綠色產品設計原則80

表4.8未加權超級矩陣(Unweghted Super Matrix)84 表4.9已加權超級矩陣(Weghted Super Matrix)85 表4.10極限化超級矩陣(Limit Matrix)86

表4.11「支援系統」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣88

表4.12「產品不同使用概念」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣89 表4.13「產品使用後服務」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣90 表4.14「維修保養服務」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣91 表4.15「銷售點服務」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣91 表4.16「支援系統」與產品生命週期架構之成對比對矩陣93

表4.17「產品不同使用概念」與產品生命週期架構之成對比對與矩陣94 表4.18「產品使用後服務」與產品生命週期架構之成對比對矩陣95 表4.19「維修保養服務」與產品生命週期架構之成對比對矩陣97 表4.20「銷售點服務」與產品生命週期架構之成對比對98 表4.21「包裝設計」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣99

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表4.22「廢棄與回收」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣100 表4.23「材料選擇」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣102 表4.24「機構設計」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣103 表4.25「消費者使用」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣104 表4.26「環保法規」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣105 表4.27「生活環境設計」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣106 表4.28「製造程序」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣107 表4.29「運輸配銷」與群組內各類別之成對比對矩陣108 表4.30第一回問卷統計結果114

表4.31第二回問卷統計結果119

表4.32 PSS應用於電子電機設計檢核表122 表4.33 PSS提供之服務LCA權重124 REFERENCES

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http://www.epa.gov.tw/12.設計資訊網 http://www.infodesign.com.tw/13.燦坤實業網站 https://www.tkec.com.tw/14.大同家電 http://www.tatung.com/b5/default.htm(二)英文1.Sustainable Development http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/

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