第五章 實證結果與分析
第二節 建議
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第二節 建議 一、政策建議
依據理論之回顧與實證分析之結果，本研究發現地理鄰近性、組織網絡、社 會網絡、吸收能力與創新績效，彼此具有直接與間接效果，針對該研究成果，本 研究提出之政策建議與後續研究建議如下：
（一）持續推動生技群聚的成形
地理鄰近性對於組織網絡、社會網絡的形成具有一定的助益，透過網絡的形 成，知識得以順利的傳遞、交流。該項結果顯示，政府應該持續推動產業與學術、
研究機構的聚集。促進群聚成形的當前政策做法即是成立科學園區，藉由實證結 果顯示，肯認該項作法確實有利於廠商創新，應持續推動。惟應透過後續的成本 效益分析，集中並整合國內科學園區的資源，使資源獲得最大利用，共同創造適 宜的投資環境。
（二）加強產業、學術與研究機構的交流
由實證結果可知，透過產業、學術與研究機構的正式與非正式合作，有利於 廠商內部研發投入以及創新績效之產出。基此，政府應加強產業與學術、研究機 構的結盟，例如成立產學研的交流帄台，或是如國外廠商或產學的策略聯盟等組 織，抑或是經常性地舉辦研討會或座談會，提供產學研交流的機會，藉以創造促 成更多的合作，形成緊密的互動關係，進而傳遞複雜且重要的知識。
（三）協助廠商提升內部能力
內部能力反映了廠商的人力資源、研發投入，實證結果顯示，內部能力確實 對於創新績效具有正面影響。換言之，人力資源的培育、研發投入的品質與數量，
攸關於廠商創新績效之產出。因此，政府應協助廠商提升內部能力。透過產學合 作或高階技術人員的培訓機制，加強廠商內部人力資源的素質，使廠商獲取外部 知識的同時，能有效辨識並轉化外部知識。
藉由本研究問卷結果顯示，研發經費支出占營業支出極大比例；且內部研發 成為廠商重要的知識獲取渠道。因此，政府應適度補助廠商投入內部研發，或透 過創投基金的投入，增加廠商的財務帄衡，以促進廠商內部能力素質提升。
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二、後續研究建議
（一）針對研究對象加以細分
受限於樣本需求，本研究的問卷設計並未針對生技產業進行分類，而是將全 部名錄資料視為母體。然而，新興生技與製藥產業，兩者的產業背景與發展條件 不盡相同，所呈現的廠商資料結構必定存在著差異。是故，後續研究建議應將生 技產業予以分類，以醭清其相異的特性。此外，誠如前述章節所述，生技廠商具 有不同階段的生產過程，包含研發、申請專利、商品化等，於不同階段是否需要 不同的輔助條件，實有必要予以區分。
（二）研究方法的加強
本研究僅觀察區域內行動者的經濟活動，並未著墨於社經環境與制度法令。
然而，生技產業的成長與茁壯，極度仰賴政府所提供的資金與技術支援，以及健 全的制度法令。是故，建議後續研究可納入制度層面與政府角色的觀點；同時，
強化創新績效與空間的關聯，以求全盤性地透析產業發展的誘因與驅動力。
（三）結合經濟地理學與組織管理學門
藉由本研究文獻回顧結果，顯示經濟地理學門逐漸重視廠商內部知識管理、
運用等機制，視群聚或產業區內的廠商具有異質性。因此，後續研究應持續尋找 研究中的接合點，更具體描繪廠商於地理空間上的活動。
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三、網路資料
製藥工業同業公會網站，2010，http://www.tpma.org.tw/，取用日期：2010 年 3 月 15 日。
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電話：(02)29393091#50609 傳真：(02)29369227 信箱：[email protected] 基本資料‧
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B.自行研發
1. 貴公司擁有高度的資源與能力，不需與外界合作 2. 貴公司不信任其他廠商提供的資訊3. 貴公司害怕對外合作導致機密外洩 4. 貴公司認為合作無助於產品開發
5. 貴公司採取自行研發，是因為先前有過不好的合作經驗 第五部份 廠商績效
廠商績效會透過許多方式呈現。請依據貴公司自我評估填寫重要程
度。
非 常 重 要 重
要 普 通
不 重 要
非 常 不 重 要 1. 貴公司透過申請專利方式呈現研發成果
2. 貴公司透過製程改善或新產品生產呈現研發成果 3. 貴公司透過論文發表或報告呈現研發成果
4. 貴公司透過出售專利權利取得報酬
5. 請問貴公司目前擁有的專利件數 件