第六章 研究結論與建議
第二節 建議
根據本研究發現的啟迪，針對理論、實務、研究三方面提出下列建議：
一、理論上的建議
本研究以靈性照顧對老人機構生活適應的理論論述來自 Maslow 需求理論、
持續理論、活動理論以及 Erikson 的心理發展任務，其侷限在個體老化過程之觀 察，未來研究可以擴展從靈性心理學、宗教學、社會學之構面，以多元架構了解 老人在機構的生活感受。
二、實務上的建議
（一）家屬選擇機構的靈性環境提升老人的靈性需求
本研究發現，老人的家屬對機構的信任，來自於他們認為是佛教團體所經營 的，並且有佛教的靈性環境，有宗教師協助心靈輔導，所以告訴父母親，他們可 以在機構享有較好的生活品質。家屬對靈性環境的自我知覺，影響老人在調適歷 程所需要的靈性評估，使老人願意接受機構的靈性照顧。所以建議未來老人的照 顧措施並非單由工作人員參與，家屬也應該成為老人照顧的夥伴之一；家屬能陪 伴老人共同參加靈性休閒活動，協助老人獲得屬於親情的靈性關懷，能減少老人 適應機構生活的差異。
（二）工作人員靈性教育的建議
在老人服務中將靈性照顧提供給服務的使用者，後續的發展便交由佛祖給予 引導與心靈的感應交會，使老人能在過程中有所體悟，而不是由工作人員決定所 提供的服務是否能在老人的生理、心理、靈性獲得發展與適應的成果，其重視的 是過程，而非結果。工作人員在老人的機構生活中，提升自我信仰上的覺知與靈
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性層面的照顧措施，同時評估二者間所代表的意義，加強個別的專業教育提供相 關靈性照顧訓練，才能從宗教信仰與專業倫理間有所釐清，了解個案靈性需求的 覺察及認知，培養靈性服務的專業能力，以便給予個別化的靈性照顧，才能使老 人產生不同以往的經驗，適應機構的團體生活模式。
（三）對長期照顧機構的建議
本研究的結果與文獻探討，雖然發現靈性照顧與佛教信仰有相關連性，可提 供未來老人長照服務的相關議題探討之參考，或者在不同信仰的機構中產生不同 的服務經驗與看法。而大部分的長期照顧機構皆以身體醫療照顧的標準為主，以 數據評估服務使用者的健康情況，忽略其靈性的安適程度及靈性照顧措施。未來 機構式照顧或社區居家服務，能與附近的宗教道場或教會的靈性宗教師、牧師合 作，協助機構老人的宗教性諮商輔導及宗教信仰支持。另外提供照顧服務者在設 計相關的靈性休閒活動時，能從高齡者內心感受到的平安寧靜，與美學的感動為 原則下著手，例如：藝術創作、閱讀、文化、音樂、園藝與接觸大自然環境等活 動，藉由休閒過程能使情緒轉換，以及覺察內在的成長療癒作用，達到老年人對 靈性需求的滿足。
（四）靈性照顧與成功老化的正向發展
本研究發現靈性照顧包含了生理、心理、社會支持及靈性需求四大層面，與 成功老化構面相符。而靈性照顧對機構老人的成功老化有正向影響，因此老人的 休閒活動服務可以增加靈性功能，譬如：參加宗教活動、音樂會、戶外踏青、藝 文展，演講等，能提高個人正面情緒，啟發心靈省思、解決靈性困擾，獲得精神 上及心靈上真善美的經驗，幫助老人成功老化之正向發展。
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三、未來研究方向之建議
本研究以質性訪談探討靈性照顧對機構老人的生活適應，訪談機構老人其在 靈性照顧上的生活適應感受與看法、靈性照顧對機構老人生活適應現況。綜合以 本研究結果與文獻整理，對未來研究提出以下建議：
（一）實務應用推廣
研究者認為妥善的結合信仰可運用在老人照顧服務的實務上，有助於照顧者 因應臨床上的需求與困境。從本研究的發現及文獻探討，靈性存在於人的本質之 中，從人的出生到死亡各種階段皆有靈性的需求存在。靈性的照顧不僅在癌末、
罹病病患身上看到需求，健康的老人、工作人員、家屬也需要有靈性照顧。靈性 照顧能普遍的應用推廣到各階層，能促進疾病的預防，提升心靈層次的健康。
（二）量性研究
本研究採用半結構性的質性研究進行訪談，樣本數侷限於研究時間及經費考 量，未進行大規模的抽樣調查，未來可依據本研究之結果進一步探討老人的靈性 安適與機構生活適應之相關程度評估量表，以了解老人靈性照顧之需求及影響老 人在機構生活適應之因素。
（三）資料蒐集
本研究受訪者包括機構老人、工作人員，受訪的機構屬於佛教團體所經營的 安老所，結果呈現可能偏向於宗教信仰的生活經驗。未來研究可增加探討對象，
包括：家屬、家庭照顧者或是不同信仰團體、養護機構的比較，了解其中差異性。
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網路資訊
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