• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第二節 建議

一、 身為文化傳播者:

本研究因為種種因素,所以觀摩課程無法進行,因此建議教 師者在學期開始前,就事先安排整個飲食文化課程的計畫,因為實 際/觀摩和實踐料理真的需要花費很多心思,聯繫,安排和規劃,

也需要考量學校的活動行程表。還有,華語教師就是一個傳播文化 的形象大使,因此教師自身的行為言談舉止也是帶有影響力。除了 或假設的涵義及尋找其適用的事例,(5)經過觀察和試驗﹐以檢證假設的解決 方 案之正誤。

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要有包容的態度,不以偏概全,以免造成文化衝突,還要持續提高 自身的素質,專業的語言知識和教學技能;並且積極地發掘學生對 文化的興趣,不斷地研究琢磨,運用各種教學方式或手段,達到教 學的目的。另外,Mendler(2013)63給予了八個簡單的技巧來幫助教 師在課堂上進行有效的交流,研究者覺得教師們可以隨時利用這八 個技巧當作自己的反思點,調整自己的教學技巧,風格或課堂活 動,以便培養良好的師生關係,鼓勵學生們成為一個積極又進取的 終身學習者。

二、文化課程傳播的方式:

在教學技巧上,建議教師們運用多媒體網絡的工具來輔助教 學,例如:提供飲食相關的視頻、EDpuzzle、Quizlet、和 ShowMes 等學習或教學工具,了解學習者的文化與背景,開展因材施教式教 學(Tomlinson and Allan 2000),讓課程生動活潑,並採用情境體 驗式教學或體驗文化教學,讓學生們做中學,還有玩中學,以便加 深他們對文化的感受和理解。

三、課程設計的內容:

就如之前提到過的,文化課程傳播不能只重視文化的產品或 行為,要將文化包含的深層意義傳播出去,因此在教學內容設計 上,要利用探究式教學法(劉宏文 2001),提供一些思考性的問 題,讓學生去思考背後的原因進而認同文化,瞭解文化背後的價 值。當然也要配合學習者的需求、語言和文化背景的不同設計課 程,採用因材施教式教學,這樣才能展開有意義的學習過程。

最後,IBDP 的課程目的在於培養學習者為畢業後的生活做好 準備,因此幫助他們學習各種學習技能,很重要。學生們經過飲食 文化課程一連串的學習後,研究者覺得他們在技能的獲得培養上,

最大的收穫是思維技能和研究技能。因為經過一番探索和研究的過 程再加上有機會思考、把獲得的知識思考後變成自我的理解,然後

63 參見〈國際文憑組織,大學預科項目的教學與學習方法〉,2016 年 10 月出 版,頁數 8。

表現出來。學習者不再只是個接受知識的機器,唸書考試的機器,

而沒有任何自己的思考。透過反思的活動,學習者覺得文化的學習 很有意義,文化的學習不是單純知識的學習,只有應付考試,而是 一種包容和理解文化不同的終身學習。

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賴麗珍(2008)(譯)。《重理解的課程設計》(原作者:Grant Wiggins & Jay McTighe)。台北市:心理出版社。

張高翔(2003)。對外漢語教學中的文化詞語。雲南師範大學學報。

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日。https://wethinker.com/2014/05/10/773/

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附錄

附錄一:料理評估表

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附錄二:CEF R 口語能力指標

附錄三:問卷調查的數據收集圖

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