第五章 討論
第三節 理論意涵與研究貢獻
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第三節 理論意涵與研究貢獻
由於組織情境中人際關係的互動結果對於每個人的態度與行為皆可能有顯 著影響（Gibbons, 2004; Hall & Kahn, 2002; Morrison, 2002; Ragins et al., 2000;
Sherony & Green, 2002; Wrzesniewski et al., 2003），在組織傳統官僚結構與控制系 統逐漸式微的今日，關係認同此類人際層次的連結與影響重要性漸增，其中又以 普遍存於組織當中的主管部屬關係影響較鉅。部屬與主管之間若有較佳的關係品 質，將使這段關係互動產生正向結果，將使部屬更加願意承擔風險、從事更多革 新行為，與提升自我效能（Bono & Yoon, 2012; McCauley, 2012），再者，若部屬 認同自身與主管的關係，可能進一步對組織產生認同，最後使部屬績效表現較高 或者更願意從事組織公民行為，為組織帶來正面影響（Sluss & Ashforth, 2008;
Sluss et al., 2012）。然而，過往尚未有研究對於 Sluss 與 Ashforth（2007）關係認 同理論架構進行檢驗，本研究的貢獻即在於回應組織中關係認同的重要性，編製 先前關係認同相關研究所缺乏的關係認定評價以及關係認同問卷，以測量主管關 係認同及其構成元素並檢驗關係認同理論的邏輯關係網絡證據，使我們對於主管 部屬關係認同的形成與影響有更進一步的了解，亦補足關係認同的研究缺口。
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附錄
附錄一、護理長角色認定訪談大綱 訪談目的
您好，我是政治大學心理所工商組的研究生顏上雲，目前正在撰寫組織心理 與人力資源相關的碩士論文，感謝您願意撥冗協助論文的資料收集與接受訪談。
此研究有興趣的現象是「主管部屬關係」的認同，想要探討是什麼原因造成部屬 認同自己與主管之間的關係，而鎖定的族群是護理人員，所以今天才請您來協 助。
過去的研究指出：部屬要對自己與主管之間的關係產生認同，會受到「主管 展現出的角色行為是否符合部屬心目中的期待」而影響。但是這些研究很大一部 分都是針對一般民營企業所進行，較少專屬於護理主管的資料。因此今天的訪談 主要是想要藉由您的工作經驗，找出在護理人員心目中，對一位主管（護理長）
的角色期待，以及該角色的行為內涵。
訪談題目
一、醫院護理人員的分類與編制
1. 您服務的醫院、單位，以及您的職稱？
(1) 服務醫院，公私立、等級（教學、地區）
(2) 服務單位（科別）、職稱、正式或約聘 (3) 一般工作的班別（白斑、小夜、大夜）
2. 您服務的醫院護理人員與護理長的編制狀況？
(1) 醫院護理人員編制（組織階層、人數）
(2) 單位護理人員編制（組織階層、人數）
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3. 您認為對於護理長這個主管角色的期待，在各類型護理人員間是否能有一個 普遍的共識？或是會隨著特定類別的護理人員而有所轉變？例如病房或門 診護理人員兩者對於主管的期待是否會有很大差距？
二、關鍵事例
1. 在您心目中，一位主管（護理長）應該扮演哪些角色？請詴著說明這個角色 的內涵。
(1) 身為一位護理長，她/他應該要從事哪些類型的工作？
(2) 在管理護理人員時，有哪些管理行為是她/他應該從事的？
2. 請回想您心目中三位優秀的以及三位較差的主管（護理長），並說明她/他做 了哪些事情所以您認為她/他是一位好的主管？
3. 請您提供主管（護理長）在執行管理任務時，您與她/他的良好的或不好的互 動經驗，並說明這些互動的結果對您造成什麼影響，以及這些互動經驗是否 符合你心目中的期待，為什麼？
(1) 主管做了哪些事情，會讓你覺得對你的工作進行是有幫助的？
(2) 主管做了哪些事情，會讓你覺得對你的工作進行是有阻礙的？
三、勾選既有角色內涵清單與提供說明
以下是過往針對護理長角色與角色行為的相關研究，請以您的經驗為根據，
判斷這些描述是否為護理人員心目中所期待護理長應該展現的角色或行為，並加 以說明該描述是否適當（若勾選是，請進一步描述相關情境；若勾選否，請進一 步說明建議刪除的原因，或提供修改的方向）。
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附錄二、Sluss 等人（2012）主管部屬關係認同題項
1. 我與我主管的關係對於在工作中的「我是誰」是很重要的一部分。
2. 當有人批評我與我主管的關係時，我會覺得好像我自己被侮辱了。
3. 我與我主管的關係反映出我在工作中是什麼樣的人。
4. 我與我主管的關係對於我在工作中如何審視我自己是很重要的。
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附錄三、Kreiner 與 Ashforth（2004）三類組織認同題項
組織認同
1. 當有人批評我的組織時，我會覺得好像我自己被侮辱了。
2. 我很在意別人對我所屬組織的看法。
3. 當我跟別人談論這個組織時，我會用「我們」來稱呼我所工作的公司，而非 用「他們」。
4. 這個組織的成功尌是我的成功。
5. 當有人稱讚這個組織時，我會覺得與有榮焉。
6. 如果有媒體的報導批評這個組織時，我會感到羞愧。
組織不認同
1. 身為組織的一員令我感到尷尬。
2. 這個組織做了一些令人羞恥的事。
3. 我詴著不讓我所遇到的人知道我為這個組織工作。
4. 我覺得這個組織令我感到可恥。
4. 我覺得這個組織令我感到可恥。