• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第二節 研究建議

根據上述研究結論,本研究提出下述建議,以供產業界與學術界後 續研究之參考。

一、實務建議

(一)招募員工時,應更加留意員工本身的專業程度

儘管,企業對於人才皆抱持著求才若渴的心態,然而在 員工進入企業之前,若能先審慎的瞭解員工的人力資本,即 本身的專業能力程度、經驗、知識、技術、態度、動機等客 觀條件,則更可以有效提升員工本身的創新行為能力。此外,

若工作本身需要有創新行為的表現者,則建議組織招募時,

可多留意性別與工作能力上的差異性。

(二)著重強化員工的教育訓練

由於員工的本身的專業能力等人力資本會影響創新行 為,然而並非所有員工在進入企業之前,就擁有相關的知能。

為此,企業應適時的舉辦教育訓練課程,讓員工能夠不斷地 學習,以強化專業能力,進而增強創新行為的表現。

(三)積極進行關鍵人才留任

企業培養人才,從新進人員到足以勝任工作,進而成為 企業關鍵人才,需為此教育訓練付出相當大的時間成本與金 錢成本。因此,為了留任這些企業所培育的關鍵人才,應需 要有充分的授權並有效執行升遷制度,使得關鍵人才的人力 資本得以發揮,並發展創新行為,讓企業得以永續經營。

(四)不應限制網絡外部性的發展

實務上,有許多企業因為深怕員工將公司機密或有力資 源散佈於外,因而將對外的網際網絡封鎖,僅開放企業內的

平台網絡。然而,研究中發現到網絡外部性能有效的影響智 慧資本對創新行為的表現,因此企業應以開放心態,將網絡 使用的效益最大化,或是加強企業內部的網絡安全系統,使 得員工在使用之餘,企業不需擔心資料外洩,且能讓員工激 盪出創新的表現。

(五)運用網絡外部性觀念,可改變企業內組織資本與關係資本對 員工創新行為的影響

企業本身的組織資本與關係資本,並不會直接影響員工 的創新行為,但若藉由企業的網絡外部性來進行交流,強化 組織內員工之間在合作與互動之間分享他們想法的結果,或 是藉此深化企業內的制度化知識和經驗,都將有助於員工的 創新行為表現。

二、後續研究建議

(一)採跨時間點的資料收集與分析

本論文採用橫斷面的時間點研究,然而隨著資訊科技的 發達,組織的網絡外部性將不斷擴張,加上智慧資本亦會隨 著時間而成長。為此,建議未來後續研究可進行縱貫面的研 究,採跨時間點的資料收集與分析,以瞭解智慧資本、網絡 外部性與創新行為之間的影響性。

(二)收集其他產業資料並加以比較

本論文僅採用金融保險業來進行探討,儘管金融保險業 長期以來是台灣重要的經濟基礎,然而高科技產業、通訊業 亦是支撐台灣經濟基礎的另一產業。再者,金融保險業、高 科技產業、通訊業都急需適當的專業人才,需要優質的智慧 資本作為後盾,因此建議可以收集其他產業資料,將資料融

入為產業層級,跨三個層面,並加以比較,以瞭解各產業間 的智慧資本、網絡外部性與創新行為的差異。

(三)計算網絡外部性的方式

「外部性」的概念源自經濟學,本研究運用量表的方式,

收集網絡外部性的感知,建議未來研究能運用經濟學的觀點,

加入部門或組織的使用網絡頻率、使用流量、網絡使用範圍 等方程式來探討。但是,如此可能會增加企業資訊單位的工 作負擔,因此在執行前需加斟酌與設想相關配套措施。

(四)發展智慧資本的跨層次理論模型

智慧資本是一項共塑變數,隱藏組織階層巢套的觀念,

且最小階層的個體層次。智慧資本深受組織脈絡與團體脈絡 環境因素的影響,因此各層次環境的影響不容忽視。智慧資 本的內涵因素大致上可分成個體層面、團體層面與組織層面,

至今智慧資本並未發展出跨層次理論模型。本論文目前僅探 討智慧資本中人力資本、組織資本與關係資本作為預測變項,

並將此分為個體層面與組織層面,建議未來研究能融入團體 層面、產業層面或國家層面,以發展出智慧資本的跨層次理 論模型。

圖5-1 原研究架構圖分析結果

表 5-1 研究假設考驗

假設考驗 係數 成立

/不成立 個人層次

假設二(H2):人力資本對創新行為有正向影響。 .363*** 成立 組織層次

假設一(H1):組織資本對關係資本有正向影響。 .517*** 成立 假設三(H3):組織資本對創新行為有正向影響。 .020 不成立 假設四(H4):關係資本對創新行為有正向影響。 .249 不成立 假設五(H5):網絡外部性對創新行為有正向影響。 .449* 成立 調節效果

假設六(H6):網絡外部性對人力資本影響創新行為的關

係上有正向調節效果。 .396* 成立

假設七(H7):網絡外部性對組織資本影響創新行為的關

係上有正向調節效果。 .363*** 成立

假設八(H8):網絡外部性對關係資本影響創新行為的關

係上有正向調節效果。 .086* 成立

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