第五章 結論與建議
第二節 研究建議
針對本研究之建議將分為下述三部分作討論,首先針對水中體適能 課程之設計作建議,再者提供後續欲從事相關研究之研究者後續研究之 建議,最終提出本研究之研究限制及討論。
壹、水中體適能課程設計之建議 一、成效不彰之建議:
針對體脂率及身體質量指數成效不彰的問題,建議應納入飲食控管 及研究對象平時日常生活之調查,詳細了解研究對象平時的飲食狀況及 運動狀況,量身訂做一套符合研究對象的全方位課程,如此才能有效的 降低體脂率及身體質量指數,及確保其數值的浮動是否是因水中體適能 課程之介入或有其他因素所致。
二、動作可替代性:
雖本研究課程已依據課程設計原則與教學要素做調整,亦將視覺障 礙學生的個別化需求進行通盤考量,但仍發現某些動作會因研究對象的 差異性而在習得上有困難,如抽筋、怕水或站姿不良等,因此建議可以 提供替代性動作,以達成原課程預期之成效。
三、課程趣味度:
本課程的四單元皆包含暖身活動、主要活動及緩和活動三個項目,
其中主要活動又包含水中體適能動作學習與訓練結合測驗的六分鐘水中 跑走。但因考量研究時間緊湊與期望研究對象能精熟動作,故暖身活動 和緩和活動在8週內的每堂課程都是一樣的動作,而主要活動亦是舊動作 加新動作的組合,難免會讓研究對象感到枯燥乏味,建議可穿插趣味性 的變化,增加研究對象的學習動機。
貳、後續研究之建議 一、跨領域結合:
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本研究之文獻多為體育與運動科學領域,且研究對象亦多為老年人,
較缺乏針對身心障礙者之研究與討論,建議水中體適能可廣納體育及運 動科學、特殊教育等領域進行結合,針對不同研究對象、障礙類別、障 礙程度進行課程內容的設計。
二、研究對象:
本研究的水中體適能課程是針對視覺障礙學生設計,設計之初衷是 期望在缺乏視覺提示的情況下,在肢體協助及口語提示下也能模仿並做 出水中體適能動作,建議往後之研究可擴展到其他年齡層或其他障礙類 別之學生,讓各類別之身心障礙學生都有機會體驗到低運動傷害的水中 體適能課程。
参、本研究之限制與討論 一、教學環境:
一般而言受到浮力的影響,水中體適能課程適當的水位應該是位於 胸線與肚臍之間(柳家琪、詹淑珠、黃惠娟、戴琇惠,2011),本研究 使用為配合研究對象對環境的熟悉度,選擇研究對象就學學校的校內游 泳池做為教學環境,但120公分的水深對於研究對象而言,水位是比較 高的,因此建議在進行水中體適能課程教學時,可尋找較適當水深的教 學環境。
二、研究時間安排:
本研究課程設定為每週3次、每次50分鐘,教學介入共8週,合計24 次,但考量可能因為個人因素(感冒、期中考等)或其他不可抗之因素
(連續假日、女生經期等)而無法出席,建議將課程時間拉長,方便當 研究對象無法出席時,可以有補課的機會,增加學習完整度;且本次課 程因考慮天氣因素,起始時間為五月,結束八週課程後剛好碰到為期兩 個月的暑假,導致檢視維持效果時可能受到影響,建議除拉長課程時間 外,也能在二月、三月天氣漸暖時就進行介入教學。
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