• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第三節 研究限制

一、研究時間的限制

為配合參與研究者英檢初級測驗初試與複試時間,本研究的研究時間 是 2006 年 12 月至 2007 年 4 月。研究期間經歷寒假輔導課程變動與春節 的休假,以及參與研究者下學期緊湊的學習課程與晚自習,因此難以安排 訪談與觀察時間。研究者盡量利用晚自習前的休息時間,並減少訪談以及 觀察次數,以不影響參與研究者學校功課與作息時間為原則進行研究。而 學生的英語自我調整學習會隨時間的不同而有改變,有時無法立即性的紀 錄其調整歷程,只能藉由參與研究者回溯補足資料,此為本研究之時間限 制。

二、研究對象限制

本研究採個案研究方式,基於方便取樣及立意取樣,研究者以口語表

達能力及後設認知較佳之三年級學生為選取對象。因考量三年級學生身心 較為成熟,且女生口語表達能力與配合度較男生佳,因此在本研究中無法 探討不同性別、年級的國中生其英語學習自我調整的差異性,此為本研究 之研究對象的限制。

參考文獻

壹、中文部分

包天仁(2001)。是二語教學,還是外語教學?光明日報。2006 年 9 月 18 日,取自

http://past.people.com.cn/BIG5/kejiao/41/20010329/428215.html 李玫容、程炳林(2005)。趨向表現目標的類別及其與適應性學習組型之

關係。教育心理學報,37(1),61-78。

呂祝義(1998)。國民中學輔導人員自我調整模式之建構與驗證研究。國 立高雄師範大學教育學系博士論文,未出版,高雄。

林佩璇(2000)。個案研究及其在教育研究上的應用。載於中正大學教育 研究所(主編),質的研究方法(239-260 頁)。高雄:麗文。

林桑瑜(2002)。高中生自我調整學習策略之研究。國立成功大學習教育 研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南。

林清山、程炳林(1995)。國中生自我調整學習因素與學習表現之關係暨 自我調整的閱讀理解教學策略效果之研究。教育心理學報,28,15-58。

邱文彬、萬金生、林泰安(2004)。大專生自我效能、目標設定、歸因與 英語成就的驗證性研究:縱貫性設計。教育與心理研究,27(3), 507-525。

胡幼慧、姚美華(1996)。一些質性方法上的思考:信度與效度?如何抽 樣?如何收集資料、登錄與分析?載於胡幼慧(主編),質性研究-

理論、方法及本土女性研究實例(141-158 頁)。台北:巨流。

侯玫如、程炳林、于富雲(2004)。國中生多重目標導向與其自我調整學 習之關係。教育心理學報,35(3),221-248。

畢恆達(1998)。社會研究的研究者倫理。載於顏祥富(主編),危險與秘 密-研究倫理(31-91 頁)。台北:三民。

陳玟伶(2001)。國小高年級兒童自我調整歷程之個案研究。國立台中師 範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中。

莊石瑛(2004)。英文寫作自我效能、目標導向與自我調整學習策略之探 討。屏東科技大學技術及職業教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,屏東。

程炳林(1995)。自我調整學習的模式驗證及其教學效果之研究。國立台 灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文,未出版,台北。

程炳林(2001)。動機、目標設定、行動控制、學習策略之關係:自我調 整學習歷程模式之建構及驗證。師大學報,46(1),67-92。

程炳林(2002)。多重目標導向、動機問題與調整策略之交互作用。師大 學報,47(1),39-58。

程炳林、林清山(2002)。學習歷程前決策與後決策階段中行動控制的中 介角色。教育心理學報,34(1),43-60。

張武昌(2003)。我國的國中英語教育:問題與對策。人文及社會學科教 學通訊,14(2),113-123。

張武昌(2006)。台灣的英語教育:現況與省思。教育資料與研究雙月刊,

69,129-144。

張景媛(1991)。大學生認知風格、動機與自我調整因素後設認知與學業 成就之關係。教育心理學報,24,145-161。

張簡俊彥(2003)。國小實習教師於教育實習中自我調整學習之分析。國 立台中師範學院諮商與教育心理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中。

楊懿麗(2001)。語言學習的環境與機制:也談國小英語教學。英語教學,

26(1),15-27。

廖柏森(2005)。以英語為國際語言(EIL)之義涵與教學觀。英語教學,

30(4),1-14。

劉佩雲(1998)。兒童自我調整學習之研究。國立政治大學教育學系研究

所博士論文,未出版,台北。

劉佩雲(1990)。自我調整學習模式之驗證。教育與心理研究,23,173-206。

蘇順發(2001)。我國國中英語教學革新現況調查研究。英語教學,26(1),

28-48。

蘇復興(2003)。英語教育的基礎建設。英語教學,28(2),1-17。

魏麗敏(1996)。影響國小兒童數學成就之自我調節學習與情感因素分析 及其策略訓練效果之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所 博士論文,未出版,台北。

Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2001)。質性教育研究(第三版)。(李 奉儒、高淑清、鄭瑞隆、林麗菊、吳芝儀、洪志成、蔡清田等譯)。 嘉義:濤石。(原著出版年:1998)

Hofer, B. K., Yu, S. L., & Pintrich, P. R. (2003)。教導大學生成 為自我調整學習者。載於 D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman(主編),

自我調整學習-教學理論與實務(87-128 頁)。(陳嘉皇,郭順利,黃 俊傑、蔡玉慧、吳雅玲、侯天麗譯)。台北:心理。(原著出版年:1998)

Patton, M. Q. (1995)。質的評鑑與研究。(吳之儀、李奉儒譯)。台北:

桂冠。(原著出版年 1990)

Sternberg, R. J., & Wendy, M. W. (2003)。教育心理學(修訂版)。(周 甘逢、劉冠麟合譯)。台北:華騰文化。(原著出版年:2002)

Zimmerman B. J.(2003)。發展自我實踐的學術調整迴圈:一種教學模式 範例分析。載於 D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman(主編),自我調 整學習-教學理論與實務(1-29 頁)。(陳嘉皇,郭順利,黃俊傑、蔡 玉慧、吳雅玲、侯天麗譯)。台北:心理。(原著出版年:1998)

貳、英文部分

Ablard, K. E., & Lipschultz, R. E. (1998). Self-regulated learning in high-achieving students: Relations to advanced reasoning, achievement goals, and gender. Journal of Educational

Psychology, 90(1), 94-101.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York:

W. H. Freeman and Company.

Boekaerts, M. (1997). Self-regulated learning: A new concept embraced by researchers, policy makers, educators, teachers, and students. Learning and Instruction, 7(2), 161-186.

Chularut, P., & DeBacker, T. K. (2004). The influence of concept mapping on achievement, self-regulation, and self-efficacy in students of English as a second language. Contemporary

Educational Psychology, 29, 248-263.

Corno, L. (2001). Volitional aspects of self-regulated learning.

In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical

perspectives(2nd ed)(pp. 191-225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Elliot, A. J., & Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 72(1), 218-232.

Elbaum, B. E., Berg, C. A., & Dodd, D. H. (1993). Previous learning

experience, strategy beliefs, and task definition in self-regulated foreign language learning. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 18, 318-336.

Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second second language learning: the role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.

Huang, S. C. (2006). Tertiary-level vocational versus general students-their difference in motivation and EFL reading performance. English Teaching & Learning, 1, 23-37.

Hutton, L. A. (2002). The impact of reading strategy instruction on struggling English language learners. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.

Kuhl, J. (2000). A functional-design approach to motivation and self-regulation. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich and M.

Zeidner(Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation(pp.111-169). San Diago, CA: Academic Press.

Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Lyden, J. A., Chaney, L. H., Danehower, V. C., & Houston, D. A. (2002).

Anchoring, attributions, and self-efficacy: an examination of interactions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27, 99-117.

Mace, F. C., Belfiore, P.J., & Hutchinson, J. M. (2001). Operant Theory and Research on self-regulation. In B. J. Zimmerman &

D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (2nd ed)(pp. 39-65).

Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

McCaslin, M., & Hickey, D. T. (2001). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: a Vygotskian view. In B. J. Zimmerman &

D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (2nd ed)(pp. 227-252).

Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

McComb, B. L. (2001). Self-regulated learning and academic

achievement: A phenomenological view. In B. J. Zimmerman & D.

H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (2nd ed)(pp. 67-123).

Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

McDonough, S. K. (2001). Promoting self-regulation in foreign language learners. The Clearing House, 74(6), 323-326.

Miller, J. W. (2000). Exploring the source of self-regulated learning: the influence of internal and external comparison.

Journal of Instructional Psychology, 27(1), 47-52.

Mushi, S. L. P.(2001). Acquisition of multiple languages among children of immigrant families: parents’ role in the home-school language pendulum-supporting immigrant children’s language learning. U.S. Illinois. (Eric Document Reproduction Service No. 459622)

Paris, S. G., Byrnes, J. P., & Paris, A. H. (2001). Constructing theories, identities, and actions of self-regulated learners.

In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives(2nd

ed.)(pp. 253-287). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Perry, N. E. (2002). Introduction: using qualitative methods to enrich understanding of self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 37(1), 1-3.

Pintrich, P. R. (1999). The role of motivation in promoting and sustaining self-regulated learning. International journal of educational research, 31, 459-470.

Pintrich, P. R. (2000a). The role of goal orientation in

self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich and M. Zeidner(Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation(pp.451-502). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Pintrich, P. R. (2000b). Multiple goals, multiple pathways: The role of goal orientation in learning and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 544-555.

Pintrich, P. R. (2004). A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning in College Students.

Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 385-407.

Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 33-40.

Radosevich, D. J., Vaidyanathan, V. T., & Yeo, S., Radosevich, D.

M. (2004). Relating goal orientation to self-regulatory process:

a longitudinal field test. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 29, 207-229.

Schunk, D. H. (2001). Social cognitive theory and self-regulated

learning. In B.J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk

(Eds.),Self-regulated learning and academic achievement:

Theoretical perspectives (2nd ed)(pp. 125-152). Mahwah, NJ:

Lawrence Erlbaum.

Schunk, D. H., & Hanson, A. R. (1985). Peer models: influence on children’s self-efficacy and achievement. Journal of

Educational Psychology, 77(3), 313-322.

Shen, H. J. (2002). Motivational and self-regulated learning components in relation to language learners’ self-assessment, reading strategy use and reading achievement. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle.

Shih, S. (2002). Children’s self-efficacy beliefs, goal-setting behaviors, and self-regulated learning. Journal of national Taipei teacher college, 15(1), 263-283.

Shih, S., & Alexander, J. M. (2000). Interacting effects of goals setting and self- or other-referenced feedback on children’s development of self-efficacy and cognitive skill within the Taiwanese classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(3), 536-543.

Sundre, D. L., & Kitsantas, A. (2004). An exploration of the psychology of the examinee: Can examinee self-regulation and test-taking motivation predict consequential and

non-consequential test performance? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 29, 6-26.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher

psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Wang, C. (2004). Self-regulated learning strategies and

self-efficacy beliefs of children learning English as a second language. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus.

Winne, P. H., & Perry, N. E. (2000). Measuring self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich and M. Zeidner(Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation(pp.531-566). San Diego, CA:

Academic Press.

Winne, P. H. (2001). Self-regulated learning viewed from models of information processing. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives(2nd ed (pp. 153-189). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Wolters, C., & Pintrich, P. R. (1998). Contextual differences in student motivation and self-regulated learning in mathematics, English, and social studies classrooms. Instructional Science, 26, 27-48.

Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 329-339.

Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation a social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich and M.

Zeidner(Eds.). Handbook of self-regulation(pp.13-39). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Zimmerman, B. J. (2001). Theories of self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview and analysis. In B.J.

Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspective (2nd ed). (pp.

1-33). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Zimmerman, B. J., Bandura, A., & Martinez-Pons, M. (1992).

Self-motivation for academic attainment: The role of self-efficacy beliefs and personal goal setting. American Educational Research Journal, 29(3), 663-676.

Zimmerman, B. J., & Martinez-Pons, M. (1990). Student differences in self-regulated learning: Relating grades, sex, and

giftedness to self-efficacy and strategy use. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82 (1), 51-59.

Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2001). Reflections on theories of self-regulated learning and academic achievement. In B. J.

Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (2nd ed) (pp.

289-307). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

附錄一

同意書

本人同意子女參與吳晶晶所進行的「國中生英語自我調整學習歷程之 研究」,並成為此研究之參與研究者。本人及子女知悉:

一、所有文件資料在研究完成後將會歸還,或經參與研究者同意後銷毀。

二、研究報告中將以匿名方式撰寫,以保護參與研究者的權益。

三、若此研究致使參與研究者蒙受身心傷害或承受不當之風險時,參與 研究者有權利在研究進行之中隨時退出研究。

本人及子女讀完以上之敘述並願意參與此研究 家長及孩子共同簽名:____________________________

台中教育大學諮商與教育心理研究所研究生 吳晶晶 XXXX 年 XX 月 XX 日

附錄二

訪談時間表

一、與 Tina 的訪談

次數 日期 星期 時間 學校作息 地點 1 2006.12.29 五 6:10-6:40p.m. 晚自習前的休息 專任教師室 2 2007.1.8 一 6:10-6:40p.m. 晚自習前的休息 專任教師室 3 2007.1.22 一 6:10-6:40p.m. 晚自習前的休息 專任教師室 4 2007.2.6 二 12:10-12:40p.m. 寒假輔導的午休 專任教師室 5 2007.2.12 一 12:20-12:40p.m. 寒假輔導的午休 專任教師室 6 2007.2.16 五 12:20-12:40p.m. 寒假輔導的午休 專任教師室 7 2007.3.12 一 6:10-6:30p.m. 晚自習前的休息 專任教師室 8 2007.3.23 五 6:10-6:30p.m. 晚自習前的休息 專任教師室 9 2007.3.30 五 4:10-4:30p.m. 放學後 專任教師室 10 2007.4.2 一 6:10-6:30p.m. 晚自習前的休息 專任教師室 11 2007.4.13 五 6:10-6:30p.m. 晚自習前的休息 專任教師室

二、與 Tina 母親的訪談

日期 星期 時間 地點 2006.12.28 四 6:10-6:30p.m. 專任教師室 2007.3.02 五 5:40-6:00p.m. 專任教師室

三、與 Tina 分組班導師的訪談

次數 日期 星期 時間 學校作息 地點 1 2007.2.26 一 4:00-4:10p.m. 下課休息 專任教師室

次數 日期 星期 時間 學校作息 地點 1 2007.2.26 一 4:00-4:10p.m. 下課休息 專任教師室