第六章 結論
第三節 研究限制與建議
一、研究限制
本研究理論架構整合多位學者之理論，並爬梳旗艦計畫、文化節慶與文化園 區不同策略之理論框架，進行剖析文化再生對於都市物質、經濟及社會之影響；
然而，未有太多文獻將三種策略套用在單一城市之討論。再者，由學校所取得關 於文化再生議題之期刊文獻多以英文為主，西文文獻較少，因此探討之觀點多從 英文文獻出發，難免有文化社會脈絡之差異性。
另一限制在研究執行方面，礙於時間與成本的考量，筆者無法久留在個案所 在地，且多以大眾運輸工具及步行為主要交通方式，無法到達較偏遠的地方，加 上西班牙語溝通能力有限，無法接觸到執行文化再生之關鍵人物，故造成一手資 料蒐集不充足。因此，文獻蒐集主要以官方網站、出版之電子刊物、訊息為主，
因官方資料較為片面，故利用新聞報導求取較全面之觀點，冀望透過大量二手資 料，補足本研究之客觀公正性。若能與再生政策之決策者，抑或文化相關單位之 負責人進行面談，將有助於瞭解政府、居民及遊客三方的態度與意見，使得本研 究更趨完備。
二、未來研究建議
本論文透過文獻蒐集及田野調查等方式，對畢爾包自1990 年代至迄今近三 十年之都市發展和文化政策有進一步之瞭解，畢爾包在三種文化再生政策仍有改 進之空間。旗艦計畫起步較早，對整體都市經濟及建設之貢獻良多，然而如何將 其影響擴及深入社會層面，讓其市民能對畢爾包有更深之認同，以及透過政府與 私人企業之合作，促進彼此之關係，並降低對公部門之依賴度。近年以文化節慶、
文化園區等方式企圖延續文化再生之成效，但目前為止文化節慶處於地域性的型 態，多為當地居民、商家參與，若能持續致力於推廣文化節慶，並發展成為一個 品牌，便使得畢爾包之產業及文化為世人所知。再者，文化園區發展較晚，為近 幾年之建設，其帶來之經濟、社會及文化方面的影響仍須後續之追蹤。倘若往後 有研究者欲討論畢爾包之文化政策，可朝這方面進行更深入、全面之剖析。
受限於田野調查時間，無法充分地訪談在地居民及遊客，以及拜會一些政府 組織、機構等，從本論文中之文獻、報導等資料可以發現畢爾包之再生，政府為 主要之力量，不過仍須透過當地相關文化單位及私部門配合，方得以見效。未來 研究方向可以朝向政府與文化團體交流互動，在雙方協力之下對都市發展及在地 文化產生何種改變，做更深入之探究。
最後，反思臺灣在這幾年利用文化進行都市再生的政策亦屢見不鮮，而少數 是成功地奏效，多數淪為蚊子館，抑或同質性過高的文化園區、節慶。畢爾包的 案例提供一個借鏡作為參考，文化政策不應只是依樣畫葫蘆。每個城市都有獨特 之背景脈絡，必須思考挖掘出自身特色，將其與文化、創意結合，考量到社會風 情、利害關係團體的差異性，才能 將文化政策落實並走得長遠。
135
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