第五章 綜合結果與討論
第五節 研究限制與建議
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式。因此，在臨床的介入時，非但要讓憂鬱者了解何種型態的分析性思考為具有 適應性的，還要強調主動因應的重要，並且教導有效的主動因應策略，如此，才 能讓憂鬱者在面對平常的生活問題時，採取適應性的分析思考方式，將問題想清 楚，而不落入負向想法的思考窠臼中，並且採取有效的問題解決行動，讓憂鬱者 能夠實際有效解決日常生活問題，從而提供問題解決的正增強效果，增加促進系 統(promotion system)的自我調節功能。
第五節 研究限制與建議
本研究的限制如下：
1. 本研究的失功能態度未進行壓力測量或者負向情緒誘發，因而，未能區分其 是否屬於已受到引發的失功能態度程度，也因而未能說明失功能態度在被引 發之後，與反芻、因應與憂鬱之關係，未來研究可進一步說明此現象。
2. 本研究探討對於失功能態度與憂鬱情緒之關係的影響因子，乃以大學生為研 究對象，因而，所得到的結果僅適用於非臨床的憂鬱者，而不適合類推至臨 床的憂鬱疾患。未來研究可以臨床的憂鬱疾患為受試，進一步探討此議題，
並且可與本研究結果進行比較，以了解非臨床與臨床之憂鬱者，在此二者關 係之反芻與因應表現上的差異。
3. 本研究採取橫斷研究，探討失功能態度、反芻、因應與憂鬱之關係，僅檢驗 了單向的因果關係，亦即失功能態度反芻因應憂鬱之關係。然而，在 Ciesla 與 Roberts (2007)所提出互動性的反芻模式中，負向認知型態與憂 鬱情緒存在相互影響的關係，而反芻將會擴大失功能態度對憂鬱情緒的影 響，同時也會藉由增強憂鬱情緒而影響失功能態度。在實徵研究的結果中，
反芻可能透過憂鬱情緒的中介，進而影響失功能態度(Vanderhasselt &
Raedt, 2012)，此外，反芻不僅可預測較高的負向情緒，負向情緒也可預測
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較高的反芻(Moberly & Watkins, 2008)。未來研究可以縱貫研究，進一步 探討失功能態度、反芻、因應與憂鬱之間其他相互影響的關係。
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