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從學習的角度來評估人力資源之運用

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(1)~Jt~ 1# ~. fiJ£. *-1t1tA}] ~t~~~Jt1 !IJ. ,Jf.=a. ~ttIi.aq~.. ~~ ~tii it At.J it imt aqlm Jf ."fiij~:~~~m. ag~!:E:. 0. , jffim-~il~lZt;;fi;: ,FifTf~ 1F i¥J ~ 7J :&. ~ ~~§1J i¥Jf'F rt ~ ftlllli § ft~lJ~ , :t:g: ~, m~§i¥J.3t. 0. @J~~*ili:+if*A.~~Jii¥J. , ft ,~, i¥J §:. mIE 00 1~\'EeU lff ~ 'i: *l1'~jE i¥J~ 1fi. M1~D : ftf~j~DJlfli¥J~~ , , ~ ~ lUJl~pxj!l f;Hifl~M ~ i¥J , ~):&.f1 I 1''F fJ;t f[!flJlil~ ~ i¥J'i: , ~lIlIi¥J~1fi~1JE~ft JfH~. ir'&\~jHt~!l:tiQ}~,~ A.~**Jl4i1~. i¥JfB ~W IIlJt· ~~Marquardt ( 1996). r ~.lI~~~il~ J (. l'Bs*. ' Jl1F5"!$'Iii¥Jil ~~rr ' ~~~DfPJ~~i¥J~J7j , ~ J!tff~~i¥Jil~~j!f , ~ffi'~ftir' ~g 4tf! tit 3'f. MHtii i¥J)Ie ~ , ML 11 ~ {i ff~i&i¥J*Jl~JJ4px~~~~m*~ ,. lj)\*:iH6}ff{~:tiQ~~pX~~~,=""""'·.. a. jffi~tP.trl£***Jl~OO~"~~~. ~i¥JfI~5i-. $m~;t§'iI'i:~i¥JfiH:5. pf~i¥J~:1t:&.pgMil?~~ni¥JjlfIl. [QJ~:tlli. , l£'ilf~~J.!*HffiSenge ( 1990) ,FifT r m1i~f~*f J (The Fifth Discipline) $ , ;to jQJ i¥J ~ m, ~,FifT 1J~ i¥J Mtt:t}jg 0. *. Building the Learning Organiza­ tion ) $*7F , ~*~~~1N: il~ i¥J1fi!] f~ E. ~JH:5"* ( The End of the Age of Dinosaurs) , *Jl~E~fj§l3lffl**i!jlf,~,;t;~i¥J. ~1JjtJ 3'f. f1~~~ ~*Jl~,FifT;t.t. ~~,llit~~1I~*m~R'i:iJ.;t:5. liH~:&..~i¥J§fl,. --22. \1'IIT:i'[g§ft~~,. , Wk 7. t::~g~~IJ~ i%.~i¥J§~~. j!f ,. , 5"1i :tiQjlJt.j , ~Jtt::*!UHm7. *lff~X::~$,E.~1F~~:&'. 3'f. A. ±f1~~~*Jl~1IR7U'A ~W7mo. ~~~~*Jl~*$t~zjG~ ~~:&'FWIiti¥J~IDl;,**f1~. ~1i~f~*f~Vltj. , ~§ ~m~!~JJtmJm)j&~i¥JJtJ\~. ,f.§.J\ , * 1J)~ 1'$3ifl'~1IR!!tlti:lJIi i¥J I I.

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(3) mttiiJ~Edt~~~ 6.fij:~~'Ff IT I¥J ~ ~. 0. 51;it I¥J ~ ~ :t ~§ 9!:fi ~ ~ :tl!H~ rQ] ffX:9J 7.1ttJllJ A frmlti ~ ~ :&t:\tA ~J~ il ,. 0. ~$!llh. 0. 8.il~I!!Jl.:fiOO1il('I1I¥J¥-f'11. , fj~. :f[j'iJI¥J~~1JAti~~g~Willfli:&'§.. 9.~~~'§.i3-~$l¥JmJlJ :&@l.I¥J~f.li. ' ¥AiT. 0. lo3~~~~fl3~1§t!::j5gffi~~1:. fr~ fiHl3li¥~. 0. llJ~~~fMlAIf1'zcp. , lEJ~lli pX; ffl1:. $1:: :f1iJ 7t~J I¥J - tiP 7t" Jlt7f. ' ¥~Tobin ( 1993 ) fj. 111= : ~~e'SJ~I.W~~~**ft jn~*jJJft. ~~~I))\fij:IEJ~I¥J~$,. : Michael J. Marquardt, 1996:22. ~~-flEl~I¥JIRI!!:&iTffl,&:fi ttfQ[l¥J~rs~. ,. tt!!li1~I¥Jf5ll*tl. , R~~ ,=. :Jftm~g{~A fr~:fi,lj"L'i~ll ~ ~ $:~. .~~. , ft1fpIPJf~t~¥~ , lZSIJlt , ~:lI-fl~H~1It I¥J~ ~ }iml¥JfUf1J $, n~~Afr':ff?i:fi~~I¥J~lN , ~ IIfi§ H~ ft~ ~ I!! m:¥ ft I 11'!/iJ 1:. $ Z cp , Ifflllfj ft~ ~ fig ~-r 7J;.. ¥~. "''JJ E~lll:a lift,. ) , illJ.!t~~*~1iJ~D - rfPfT~ , PX-Fn:~~~I¥JII~ \ Ji~PJ:& NV):J~--~1JaIDlfj}j~[JFa : (-~~~II~(Levels of Learning). ~~. ii;G\~~/PifJ :0. ='. .1la<J-&lJi/x!i~ftt ~Marquardt~~~. I¥J. ~J~~it*~n~EB=-~m~l¥J51; ~pfTm,J~1¥J. @A '. : (-)!J~I¥JII~ : igi3. IIlRPJ:&il~=-@II~. ~~I¥JJi~. 0. : '§.fI5~JJ.I'I1~~!/iJtiiJ. ~'11~~' ft\l!l@J.~~, ~!l. - - - 24. @J.~~, ~~~[JfQ[. \ iTIIJ~~~. 0. (=)~~I¥JNV):j. : -§fI57*~'I1,fjSl,~ \ ~~{j'~~ A\:fIT:tmEl~~~\~:lIIIlIl*~. ,. 7t¥;;!:t;[j'iJl¥Jjj~!/iJtg:!lfj~51¥J. ~§:1J~. ( Marquardt,. 1996 : 23. *Ji~rfl¥J~~OJPJ7tffl=-@1I. 1ID*IDlajj : @A \ IIlRPJEUJi~. 0. lffl*lUll~~fj1iN~-lJ[~~II~£' ~ ff§ Jl.:fi ~ ~ !/iJ ~ ~ I¥Jfi§:1J. , PXf. n:fjJlt_@II~{&I¥IDlfj}jZ:. 1.11lAlJ~~M~(Individual. Learning) il~lJ~£\)t3l~@AI¥J~~. irA , IN ffl R :fi11A:t:fl:fi,fjSl, ~ \ WJ;m:&WillfIil¥J~§:1J Senge&gli : ftil~*Ji~¥~~3I~@AlJ~* j1tiT , {§j:f(f f*liIt 'Jlnm @A ~ ~~ :Q::1iJ PJiinx*Ji~lJ~ , fI~~DJlt , il~~~~:ffl§~Y@AlJ~1¥J ( 1990 : 236 ) ,,¥}~. Argyris and: I SchonJifYA lli~~~ : {~A~~Jt: , I ~*Ji;fl~~~£\~1¥J , fl1R:fifOOA lJ~1)J~:f~1¥J ( 1978 : 20) I. 0. 0.

(4) ... ffif~z. , @])d\'!~i:Iljf(~*~EI3@]A i¥J §~~~ ( Self-study) 'D~ , 7JllJ~)] ( Insight ) Ajffi~ *Jl~RX~tE1I1&L. ' ?;D~L ' t::Hltr J: ' ,rg;t~ Lj;)lQJi~ II L fi~ 1':f fJT aj[ 'ff IBJj:iJ( ( Group or Team Learning) ~~Dechant and Marsick mA ( 1992) tr1i1f~~-sf~.Mii 1~~~i¥J*Jl~ , ~liff~~*~fj[ : 1~~~~W~@*Jl~tt~ , E 2.llft~Il~~. ft- till. (Training) ~.I:. (Learning) ~ tl:f!. ~. IDI!. EI3 Pi-jffi 0J ffJ &~. *Jl~t>Rlfx fifE 1'1: ffJ~ fBk. ~,,~. r:p1D'j;D~ • f1Vflj~fjgtJffJ1If!~. &If""*l5&. ~ fBki@j 'I ffJ~*ffJfjgtJ. mI{I§JAffJr,,'~mijcfJrt. 5l1i~*Jl~~ ;)j7tilic5CG;. ~IDEJ*Jl~I!*ffJ~ liI! ~ fBk. *ng~.g.~lf9ii*6*Jl~M :W~i¥J1f~ &. ii mm~;ijlt &pxJJJffJ;£'~f~ftj: @if8!. mmrr. ~~*JU~1B1j1fi5L. ~m~m.r:pffJ1Jrt* • • ~~ • •. ~rtw~~rt·~m~~·M~ttffJ·. ~~. ijg~tEfffPJff,f~iJ ~*Jl~RX~ ~~tE. , ~~iffi~fljfflOO~M~iffii¥J1JA , wHi9iffWHM~WH~tJ1J1J~~1JA , 1!!lUJ j;)JiEl3I~*jCRXfJT1':f1':f~ ltVitf ' ?;D~ , tig)]i¥J~1""~~ ~ , -MRXJj]i¥JI~~~JJ!w<tEll ~r~':jt[I§IJ?t¥=ftl!1r~~$:i¥J~~ ( ~ uaJl il~::t.D~~D) ,M;JltzYl-t!1!J 0. ~~~m~r:p~ftl!ll~tig~[I§IJ'U~. ~I. **i¥J~~&mIlJRX~. ~,. 0. JltYl- , tEJIt~1':f-f~m!Ji¥J~. ~~. ~aJi~fJHB*1JDj;)~JjUIUV!Iji¥J,. ~* ~-. irj:l i¥J~~fnWII~~1':ffJT 1!l1!JjIj i¥J , '~Marquardt and Reynolds~. t,. A~~~~zM1':fB~~~fftE,. 9(. ~~-r:pJ5JT:if;. <.~.. .. (Marquardt and Reynolds, 1994 : 38) : 3.*Jl~~~i¥JJj:iJ( ( Organ i­ zation Learning ). --. vJ .•1. ~~m~~~i¥J~~,~~m. MiIJJ*Jl*lJ:WMA~~~DM~~ t)&fjlJ. Ji*4*~. : Michael Marquardt and Angus Reynolds,1994:38. ~ IUH61:fr. , 1i:7t ~ I±l i¥J ~ ~ Simon ( 1969) ,1tl!~f.i*Jl~f.i 7 ~!J!J4f1 ' JI&m~7I-tElI:tli¥J~W jffiJ5JT1ff: $i¥J ~1*zm*,ElJ.m f.i m~~ o March and Olsen~A ( 197 6 ) ~:gf.i*Jl~~~7J~*,El~tEYl-tE lI:tl/f1il~z~'rf , *Jl~1ff:~$: *~~r:p~~~DfPJt>RfT~i¥JfTj1] , j;) ~JJ!~:tli¥J~~ofvf,~:&*!!¥~1¥J ~$ ,. :g. A~ffi:HJl~~~W8~D-t~ ~~~ , tE~~ff,f , /ffl~f~Jjiji¥J ~~ , jffift&:\~7frj~DfPJtEMftr:p i¥J~f'F1Tj1] , ~.~ , ?;o~ , fTf.i , JG\J!~A ' mfiH ' l1f& ' Ji~ijg ~;f(Hrx;!! , ~\5J?t-¥- ft;IJIt , *,El ~!!¥~i¥J~~7J;lj! (Robey and 0. Sales,1994 : 419-420) : (1l*Jl~~~~-~1I1{1>. , ~iII: .wf~IHJl~~ct~ ( Organi­ zational Memory ) i¥J~fj. (2)*Jl~~~*§*Jl~~~i¥J~ (3 )*Jl~ ~c it 111 fr5f11D' 1¥f~ /f \5J i¥J?t~. (Frames of. Meaning) ,tE-@m'~ r:p , ~~c'lji¥Jmln,¥J5JT-§~fi , IEA)(f4 ' Jt*41t ~ , *Jl~~1*.w~~j;)&)( 1ti¥J!J* 0. (4)m~~ct~-§t3::::'~f11E:jt~. 7frji¥J1fjA:m~*ft(. 25. ;:.,:.

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(6) :=t~~fg(. -io. *S5f!. -io. " '-----'--------~~. 1'Fm.jH~ll:~t:tJ;J&~B~ttM:*J:1. -io. ~ctt. -io. *~g~ctt. Swieringa~. (Collective Learning) ~1:Q i3".\l!1iJ ' ~~J;J,&=~@J.~~ ( Triple-loop Learning) , I ~*J:1*l1Tff.iS ' Ml*l)(ft£.lJ?:::f[OJf~ Il~~9:~ ( 1994: 43-34) ~1rl. ~1l@Jflt~~. : Chris. ~:7} ,~. 0. Wierdsma~A~ff.iS*J:1*l~~.~. ~1l@Jflt~~. ~~@J.~~~~~@J.~~~~~~~. Jlifl*~. *lEt9'ljffi)C~)]DJ;Jmi[*~. Argyris, 1993:8.. 0. I @J.~~ji~JI;;H';/:l*l;fi ~tf~ ~& &!t ~~~ (Governing Vari­ able ) ~~gtJ ' :>lE~E~~lE:j;t:~~ ,1:::5m~~~~Jtki5l~'i~~m€$. ~~~gtJ. , ~lJHT~ji1'Fm.jH&~g. 1Jtf~. ; fffl~~@J.~~J{U~*J:1*l tt'h~:i5l~!fXfl})]DJ;J.~ ( Double Look ) ~n 1~ , 1U;JiMU~ § mJji. -aJJ;JifE~~fHlI *S5f!~::::'nfili. '. ~~Ii*. '. , *~!It::::'fi~~fit{. J!:ii-~7m: 3.~~~Dfar~~. ( Deutero. Iftt~. , :j;t:jiffl~9:~~~:1tt ~1¥Jn~ , fl}-yJ;JIl:i[ffllJ , J;Jill/: ':j;t:W*~1Tff.iS&*S5f!. 0. ~1Il@J.~~~~IIl@J.~~. , :j;t:rp~*~~llU]Yt:£M: r :=t~~ ~ J ~re;RX , :j;t:re;RX~~f~~'i A jHfE ~HTIIJ~ , ii A ~ tJ iEPj(­ flf! ~~Jtki5l ~ i\lIj,IE , [OJ ~ 1::: -tnti? 1:Q i3" PJJ;JfiEEW~@A ' *J:1*lf~:@A~ ffll1 , :iirmf!E~li~:ffH~@A~YTIIJ o :=t~~~tP. -aJmt~'i RX~ tfPJT1T t, iIJ~ , m*l1t:=tIlJ;ttg*m~fm1r'~ ffm , rm::f~1i9:ffRX~i&:j;t:lFfltfPJT f. ,''''(. ~. fl}~. S. '\. s~ ~~@J.~~. ~II@J.~~. ~. J. ra*~{Jf[ij~ffi~*1T1tIJJ. 11. /'~ @~ ~. : *J:1*l~~Ji:ii1Tffl~ , ~~D~~~~~~. o.. , ~~Morgan~M:.\l!1Il. @.~~~~~@J.~~~n~,. *. l~fflM~tt~~~*~Umt~,. [7l. ~DlI[l]rppJT~. ,. 1.~@J.~~~m.:1tt&ill/:lE.. ( 1986: 88). 1l"~~1. ,fm~!B. 0. 1l"~~2: M~Il"~~11%$VEt9iilm~§~1J pJT~f'F~m.jHf'Flt~. ~~:. M~~:. • •Ml*l§mJ~1'Fm.jH~ Btt:@o. ~~3:~!fX.'i~ff1tlJJ~~o. 0. OO~~~~~~OO~~~~~~~~~. iiM*~. : Gareth Morgan,1986: 88. 0. 27-­.

(7) *=.. *~'t:1J~'~1*~~~~*Jl~ii. .~IID.II. !i~!¥J;mil. ~~JI:jz. ~~fHlI. ~~@1.1I. ~~r&;*. 1jmI:tJJ tit. m-m,Ji m=mJl m=mJl. .~~~. m~iJ. ~~lDffjjJ. Q!{~. ~1I~~. Wll~;:iJ. 9a:J~lDmIm. J!:if. .::::1I~~. ,1jj{~1J. ~ffiIIllD~1.;. ~f.i. ... --~-.-~-­. , m~pJT:ftf~~!¥Jiim £~ , Senge ( 1990 ) *~'11 J~,~~-lJ;i ~g ~ m fJU1f'I~i7l 'Witt!¥] MiffIi ' j;J.&~g?t¥:l¥~JI:jzW{f£JI* Zli:J~pJT{Eft:J.o-II{~~·o ~ 7tig~1!. ~Aro~iH!.&~J:&:§laiU~. il*4*i!§t : Joop Swieringa and Amdre Wierdsma, 1994:43-34.. , *~tt ,~'~Hg:jif;tt7 -1I~!¥J717t ' j;Jj: i if 9!m~ frW:J ,~, ~ 71;J:\ 2·:f1T:i:1!! 0 ~~tJ! ( Personal Mastery) 0. Learning). 'SpJT ii ffl !¥J mDIQ~l¥-f1TIIl ~ ~ Wl A*K9t1t.!¥JJ~,~ZCP , mgtfl!~~ o. ~f,§.~~~ l;£~*(f:J~~~~. , 1l!~~ttlE iff (f:J ~ ~ 71;J:\ , rulli:H~ II ~ ~ 71;J:\ , ~:lfArgyris and SchoniifiiA. ( 1978) l¥-f;ltW11i'& r ~~~OfaJ~~ J ( Learning about Learning) 'i~U§'~~;:iJ~ r ~~~[J1ilJ~~ J rij , ;It p.xJU5t~g~~~~ ~ !¥J:fJZJ7j , Mzll tM~ ~1l!¥J ~ 31mfXtit ~ tzg IJ! o [Q] rij , {E;It1iff ~ cp ifr; ~ ~ P.X ~ 1;£ $ tiUiftE~ ~ j;J.&~ ~~D filJ !~1r~ rij , ~IJfX~~f.iif!¥JmDIQ ' *,§.~ifr;~ :ft R 1ti !¥J ~t;:iJ 4.frlll~~ (Action Learning) iT III !i}F~ ~*,§.~~ ~:fJZJ7j cp ii !i~!¥J-~ , Revans ( 1980 ) ~ i!l!f-tlHeilll1M;E:!¥J~:lf , PJT~iT CPT~¥tl~fuI:(f:J~Wl!1tt. 0. 0. =:ft\ITIti!¥J~ ~ + f![ ~(Learning. = Programmed Instruction +. Questioning) .¥~1TIIl~~· *~ J'!l.:ft-Y7UWiJR1I1@(Marquardt, 0. 1996: 40) :. 1. ~ 3&J 1TIIl jf~H'lpJT ~ fl !¥J9a:J ~. .&:fJZ J7j , :::t ~g m~ *,§.~ !¥J ~ lEFo~ill!. 0. 2.ii ffl ~ !¥J It :f.M& ;:iJ ~ 2~ ~ *,§. ~ !¥J FdJ ill! , :::t tig 1}1! mIII *,§. ~ ~1T~l¥. 0. C::)~~!¥J:fJZ11~j. ( Skills) Senge{E;ltPJT~!¥J r mli;tJi1~. ~: ~~~*Jl~!¥Jfi1iJirW.~. J­. cp , flM:g~-l1~~~*'§'~~~ -y ~U ~ JJH~ ~ !¥J:fJZ 1iJir .& [Jg 1t1i (. 1fJ~~~f~*,§.~iiJiHItII71Am~. 1990 ; 1991 : 37 -44; 1996 : 96­. , 'S~-II:ft ~!¥J ' 1tt 7(!¥J ' :fJZ J7j ft:J ~ ~ , !¥J § i¥J1*{E:ji1:!H,§.~1J[J~~~ i¥J71 ;J:\ , 1JefiX:~ tigJ!::ft~*:i:1!!m~r,,~ill!. 104;. *'§'~pJTOO~!¥Jr,,~ill!rij. .., - - - 28. Peter M.. Senge~. , $~~~. : ~83:if:) : 1.*~tt,ll!;t~(Systems. ing). Senge-flH$WIlIm~nt:ft~j. , *Jl~::t-fjg~~ {E1l!J*1t ,Jim.;J:\!¥Jm~~\ITcp , ~*Ht:ji1~ *Jl~~ 0 ~.~w. 0 (Self· esteem ) !¥J~1!t , TfiJfJU~!¥Jf,§.. ~iJ~\~JUflMlrul{"r&;~!¥Jw~ , :ji1~~ ~Jl~r&; ~ 5£13j<: Jt.1:: m!¥J I 1'FliJi ' o r0~~tJ! J fI!@lA.P.X:&:!¥J1~** , ,It:ft14:ft f,§J J3t 0 IX ~tJ!!¥J A. , :::t HtllmftJf!:::t~!i!i~!¥J , -tl1:::t~~1 ~~~~N.&tilJ~1::tfn;:iJ ( Senge, @lA.~~. 1991 : 40). 0. 0. o~~tJ!~~~~*Jl~!¥Jm­ Ji{~~. , SengetlHe7-Y~UHtJl~. !3~~tJ!!¥J1J;J:\. ( Senge : 147­. 167) : (1)9!:lL{@A.!¥J~~. (2~1?ftilj~tEB9~;:iJ· (3)~t~fpf~m'l1!¥JfJj~. Think­. (4)~.jfuOOtM~f§. (5)iimM~~. ..

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