彰化縣國民小學特殊教育教師工作滿意度之研究
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(5) A Study of Job Satisfaction of Special Education Teachers in Elementary Schools at Changhua County Abstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate job satisfaction of special education teachers in elementary schools at Changhua County. A self-edited questionnaire was used for survey. The participants were special education teachers who serve in public elementary schools at Changhua County. Among 175 distributed questionnaires, 141 were recollected and examined valid. The return-ratio was 80.57%. The questionnaire data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’ method. The major findings were as follows: 1. The special education teachers’ job satisfaction level was rated between medium to high. The average score for all dimensions as a whole and each sub-dimensions were between “ordinary” and “some satisfaction.” 2. In terms of job satisfaction, the related order is: work circumstances, relationship, teaching-work, school administration, research situation and rewards. 3. Regarding to background variables, there was no significant difference in job satisfaction of special education teachers in elementary schools. 4. In work-related variables, there was no significant difference in years of teaching experience and commuting time. 5. There was a significant difference found in school administration, rewards and whole dimension among different classes. 6. There was a significant difference found in research situation dimension among different class types.. Keywords烉 Job satisfaction, Special education teachers iii.
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(7) ………………………………………………..……….. i ………………………………………………..……… iii ……………………………………………………………... v ………………………………………………………..….. viii ………………………………………………………........... x. ……………………………………………………. 1 ………………………………………………………. 3 ………………………………………………………. 3 ……………………………………………………..... 4 …………………………………………...….. 5. !!!. ……………………………..……..... 7. !!!. ……………………………. 20 ………………………. 27. ………………………………………………......... 37 ………………………………………………......... 38 v.
(8) ……………………………………………...…...... 47 ……..……………………………………...……...... 48 …………………………………...……...... 49. …………….……….....………... 51 ……………...………….. 54 ……..…... 65. …………………………….………………..…..….…... 81 …………………………….………………...….….…... 84. ……………………………………………………..….….... 87 ………………………………………………...…..….……. 95. (. ). …………………..……..……………..…. 97 ..….…………………...…105. (. ). …………………..….…………..…………….109 vi.
(9) ….............. 113. (. ). …………..………..………….……………...119. vii.
(10) 2-1. ……………………………........8. 2-2. ……………………………………...…….. 10. 2-3. ………………………………...……………..… 13. 2-4. ……………………...……………..… 21. 2-5. …………………...………..… 28. 2-6. …………………………………...…..…… 35. 3-1. ………………………………...…..……… 41. 3-2. ………………………...…..…...42. 3-3. ……………………………...…..…… 44. 3-4. Cronbach’s α. …....…..…..…. 46. 3-5. ……………………...………………...…..…………. 48. 4-1. …..…... 52. 4-2. ..……... 54. 4-3. …….…… 56. 4-4 ……………………………...……………………………………….... 57 4-5 …..………………………………………………………………...…….. 58 viii.
(11) 4-6 …………………………………………………...…………………….... 59 4-7 ………………………...……………………………………………….... 60 4-8 …………………………………………...…………………………….... 61 4-9 …...…………………………………………………………………….... 62 4-10. ……..……………......... 65. 4-11. ……..…......... 66. 4-12. …………....... 67. 4-13. ………..…..... 68. 4-14. …..…..... 69. 4-15. ..…... 71. 4-16. …........... 73. 4-17. …........... 74. 4-18. (. ). …............................................................................................................. 75. ix.
(12) 2-1 Maslow 2-2 Maslow. …………………………………….….….. 14 Alderfer. ERG. ……………………..….. 15. 2-3 Herzberg. ………………………………………….….. 16. 2-4 Herzberg. ………….….. 17. 3-1. ……..…………………..………………………………37. 4-1. ……………………………………………………………49. x.
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(58) 4. Cronbach’s α. 3-4 Cronbach’s α. Cronbach’s α 0.919. Cronbach’s α. 0.893. Cronbach’s α. 0.827. 0.937. Cronbach’s α. 0.859. Cronbach’s α. 0.886 Cronbach’s α. 0.961. 3-4. Cronbach’s α Cronbach's Alpha. (. 12. .937. 8. .919. 9. .859. 8. .893. 10. .886. 7. .827. 54. .961. ) 57 54. (. ) 8. 46.
(59) 102. (2013). 102 48. 24. 101. 173 219. (2007) 3-5. 7-10. 30-50. 70. 219. 219 175. 3-5. 47.
(60) 3-5. 69. 55. 124. 99. 26. 21. 219. 175. ġ. ġ. ġ. ġ. SPSS 12. 48.
(61) !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. ! 4-1. 49.
(62) (. (. ). ). 1-1 (. ). t. 1-2. 1-3. 1-4. 1-5. ( t-test) t. 2-1 (. ). 2-4 ( one-way ANOVA). Scheffe 2-2. 50. 2-3. 3-1. 3-2. 3-3. 3-4. 1-6.
(63) 219. 175 175. 2. 141. 143. 80.57%. 141. (. ). 4-1 (. ) 42. (. 29.8%. 99. 70.2%. ) 30. 15. 10.6% 31~40 51. 99. 70.2%.
(64) 41~50. 20. 14.2% 51. 7. 5.0%. 31~40 (. ) / 23 25.5%. 78. 55.3%. 16.3%. 4. 36. 2.8%. / (. ) 55. 39.0%. 86. 61.0%. 4-1. 30 ( 31-40 41-50 51 (. ). ) /. n=141. 52. 42. 29.8. 99 15 99 20 7. 70.2 10.6 70.2 14.2 5.0. 78. 55.3. 23. 16.3. 36. 25.5. 4 55. 2.8 39.0. 86. 61.0.
(65) ( (. ). 4-2. ) 5 58. 14. 41.1% 16~20. 9.9% 6~10. 10. 54. 38.3% 11~15. 7.1% 21. 5. 3.5%. 11~15 6-10 (. ) 24. 37. 51. 45. 31.9% 25-36. 45. 31.9%. 36.2%. 37 (. ) 43 89. (. 63.1%. ). (. 9. 29 41. 6.4%. ) 20. 21-30. 30.5%. 83. 20.6% 11. 31-40 7.8%. 20. 53. 58.9% 18. 12.8%.
(66) 4-2. 5. (. ). 14. 9.9. 6-10. 54. 38.3. 11-15. 58. 41.1. 16-20. 10. 7.1. 21 24. 5 45. 3.5 31.9. 25-36. 45. 31.9. 37. 51 43. 36.2 30.5. 89. 63.1. 9 83. 6.4 58.9. 21-30. 29. 20.6. 31-40. 18. 12.8. 11. 7.8. ( ) ( ) ( ). 20 (. ). 41. ( ). ( ). n=141. ( ). 54. 54.
(67) !!!!. 5.4 !3/415!. !4/783!. ! !N>4/783! !. !N!>4/776!. !N!>4/711! )!N!>4/224!*!. )!N!>4/466!*. )!N!>3/415!*. 4/627 !. 3112 3122. 3113. 3119. 311:. 3124 )3116*. )311:*. 311: )311:*. 3122. 3119. 3116. 3124. 3119. ! ! 55. 3113. !.
(68) ! 4-3 !. (. /. ). ! 28.80 (14/40). 4.600. 8. 3.600. 3. !. 36.65 (18/48). 5.316. 10. 3.665. 2. !. 33.55 (10/50). 7.535. 10. 3.355. 5. !. 36.72 (22/50). 6.479. 10. 3.672. 1. !. 31.13 (11/45). 5.662. 9. 3.113. 6. !. 23.04 (7/35). 5.645. 7. 2.304. 7. 189.88 (107/267). 27.606. 54. 3.516. 4. ! n=141. (. ) 4-4 3.04 4.12. 1. ( M =4.12 ) 85.1%. 2. ( M =3.92 ) 75.1%. 7. ( M =3.04 ) 36.2%. 56.
(69) 4-4. 1.. 45 75 31.9% 53.2%. 15 10.6%. 5 3.5%. 1 7%. 4.12. 0.788. 2.. 36 70 25.5% 49.6%. 25 17.7%. 8 5.7%. 2 1.4%. 3.92. 0.887. 3.. 20 71 14.2% 50.4%. 42 29.8%. 8 5.7%. 0 0%. 3.73. 0.773. 4.. 11 7.8%. 68 48.2%. 50 35.5%. 10 7.1%. 2 1.4%. 3.54. 0.800. 5.. 7 5.0%. 82 58.2%. 45 31.9%. 6 4.3%. 1 0.7%. 3.62. 0.682. 6.. 16 49 11.3% 34.8%. 52 36.9%. 16 11.3%. 8 5.7. 3.35. 1.014. 7.. 11 7.8%. 40 28.4%. 48 34.0%. 28 19.9%. 14 9.9. 3.04. 1.095. 8.. 16. 59. 49. 10. 7. 3.48. 0.961. 34.8%. 7.1%. 5.0%. 11.3% 41.8% n=141. (. ) 4-5 ( M =4.04 ) 82.3%. 12. ( M =3.88 ) 74.4%. 10 14. ( M =3.31 ) 43.9%. 57.
(70) 4-5. 9.. 16. 70. 37. 15. 3. 3.57. 0.904. 11.3%. 49.6%. 26.2%. 10.6%. 2.1%. 10.. 27 19.1%. 78 55.3%. 29 20.6. 6 4.3. 1 0.7%. 3.88. 0.788. 11.. 15 10.6%. 85 60.3%. 36 25.5%. 4 2.8%. 1 0.7%. 3.77. 0.701. 12.. 34 24.1%. 82 58.2%. 23 16.3%. 1 0.7%. 1 0.7%. 4.04. 0.706. 13.. 18 12.8%. 68 48.2%. 43 30.5%. 10 7.1%. 2 1.4%. 3.64. 0.847. 14.. 3. 59. 62. 13. 4. 3.31. 0.785. 2.1%. 41.8%. 44.0%. 9.2%. 2.8%. 13. 56. 54. 13. 5. 3.42. 0.911. 9.2%. 39.7%. 38.3%. 9.2%. 3.5%. 16.. 26 18.4%. 74 52.5%. 34 24.1%. 5 3.5%. 2 1.4%. 3.83. 0.819. 17.. 7 5.0%. 75 53.2%. 49 34.8%. 8 5.7%. 2 1.4%. 3.55. 0.741. 18.. 10. 81. 40. 8. 2. 3.63. 0.760. 7.1%. 57.4%. 28.4%. 5.7%. 1.4%. 15.. n=141. (. ) 4-6 ( M =3.48 ) 57.5%. 23. ( M =3.45 ) 53.2%. 22. ( M =3.21 ) 36.2%. 28. 58.
(71) 4-6. 19.. 9 6.4%. 63 44.7%. 46 32.6%. 17 12.1%. 6 4.3%. 3.37. 0.929. 20.. 7 5.0%. 62 44.0%. 50 35.5%. 13 9.2%. 9 6.4%. 3.32. 0.944. 21.. 3 2.1%. 54 38.3%. 64 45.4%. 12 8.5%. 8 5.7%. 3.23. 0.857. 22.. 9 6.4%. 66 46.8%. 51 36.2%. 10 7.1%. 5 3.5%. 3.45. 0.858. 23.. 9 6.4%. 72 51.1%. 44 31.2%. 10 7.1%. 6 4.3%. 3.48. 0.883. 24.. 11 7.8%. 62 44.0%. 49 34.8%. 12 8.5%. 7 5.0%. 3.41. 0.934. 25.. 10 7.1%. 64 45.4%. 50 35.5%. 11 7.8%. 6 4.3%. 3.43. 0.897. 26.. 8. 56. 56. 16. 5. 3.33. 0.882. 5.7%. 39.7%. 39.7%. 11.3%. 3.5%. 4. 53. 70. 12. 2. 3.32. 0.730. 2.8%. 37.6%. 49.6%. 8.5%. 1.4%. 2. 49. 71. 14. 5. 3.21. 0.779. 1.4%. 34.8%. 50.4%. 9.9%. 3.5%. 27. 28. n=141. (. ) 4-7 ( M =3.96 ) 75.9%. 37 29 35. ( M =3.92 ) 73.0% ( M =3.29 ) 44.0%. 59.
(72) 4-7. 29.. 46 32.6%. 57 40.4%. 23 16.3%. 11 7.8%. 4 2.8%. 3.92. 1.029. 30.. 32. 59. 31. 14. 5. 3.70. 1.040. 22.7%. 41.8%. 22.0%. 9.9%. 3.5%. 40 28.4%. 53 37.6%. 30 21.3%. 13 9.2%. 5 3.5%. 3.78. 1.070. 32.. 26 18.4%. 61 43.3%. 38 27.0%. 12 8.5%. 4 2.8%. 3.66. 0.970. 33.. 18. 60. 51. 8. 4. 3.57. 0.889. 12.8%. 42.6%. 36.2%. 5.7%. 2.8%. 7. 59. 62. 9. 4. 3.40. 0.800. 5.0%. 41.8%. 44.0%. 6.4%. 2.8%. 13. 49. 54. 16. 9. 3.29. 1.004. 9.2%. 34.8%. 38.3%. 11.3%. 6.4%. 36.. 24 17.0%. 66 46.8%. 42 29.8%. 7 5.0%. 2 1.4%. 3.73. 0.853. 37.. 33 23.4%. 74 52.5%. 29 20.6%. 5 3.5%. 0 0%. 3.96. 0.764. 38.. 18 12.8%. 75 53.2%. 39 27.7%. 7 5.0%. 2 1.4%. 3.71. 0.807. 31. .. 34.. 35.. n=141. (. ) 4-8 ( M =3.62 ) 58.1%. 39 43. ( M =3.57 ) 56.0% ( M =3.57) 51.7 ( M =3.21 ) 3.6%. 60. 44 45.
(73) 4-8. 39.. 15 10.6%. 67 47.5%. 49 34.8%. 10 7.1%. 0 0%. 3.62. 0.771. 40.. 10. 56. 60. 13. 2. 3.42. 0.812. 7.1%. 39.7%. 42.6%. 9.2%. 1.4%. (. 14 9.9%. 58 41.1%. 54 38.3%. 11 7.8%. 4 2.8%. 3.48. 0.883. (. 16 11.3%. 54 38.3%. 54 38.3%. 12 8.5%. 5 3.5%. 3.45. 0.929. 43.. 13 9.2%. 66 46.8%. 52 36.9%. 8 5.7%. 2 1.4%. 3.57. 0.800. 44.. 14. 59. 62. 5. 1. 3.57. 0.750. 9.9%. 41.8%. 44.0%. 3.5%. 0.7%. 5. 41. 77. 15. 3. 3.21. 0.764. 3.5%. 29.1%. 54.6%. 10.6%. 2.1%. 46.. 8 5.7%. 52 36.9%. 74 52.5%. 5 3.5%. 2 1.4%. 3.42. 0.719. 47.. 7 5.0%. 59 41.8%. 62 44.0%. 9 6.4%. 4 2.8%. 3.40. 0.801. 41. ) 42. ). 45.. ( ) n=141. (. ) 4-9 48. ( M =3.74 ) 68.0% ( M =3.69 ). 66.6%. ( M =2.81 ) 17.0%. 61. 54 53.
(74) 4-9. 48.. 27. 69. 19.1% 48.9% 49. 50.. 52. (. 8. 5. 22.7%. 5.7%. 3.5%. 12. 54. 40. 23. 12. 8.5%. 38.3%. 28.4%. 16.3%. 8.5%. 17. 52. 42. 19. 11. 29.8%. 13.5%. 7.8%. 12.1% 36.9% 51.. 32. 7. 36. 57. 24. 17. 5.0%. 25.5%. 40.4%. 17.0%. 12.1%. 10. 55. 53. 16. 7. 7.1%. 39.0%. 37.6%. 11.3%. 5.0%. 3. 21. 79. 22. 16. 2.1%. 14.9%. 56.0%. 15.6%. 11.3%. 25. 69. 33. 6. 8. 23.4%. 4.3%. 5.7%. 3.74. 0.952. 3.22. 1.090. 3.32. 1.098. 2.94. 1.054. 3.32. 0.944. 2.81. 0.90. 3.69. 1.001. ) 53. 54. .. 17.7% 48.9%. n=141. (. ). (2008) (2009). (2010) 62.
(75) (. ). (2008) (2010). (. (2009). (2010). ). (2008) (2005). (2009). (2008) (2008). (. (2010). ). 63.
(76) (2005) (2011) (. ). (. ). (2010). (2009) (. (2011 ). ). (2005). (2008). (2008). (2009). 64. (2005).
(77) ( t. ). (. 4-10. 4-10 ġ. (. (. ). ) 4-11. 65. ).
(78) 4-11. 42 99 42 99 42 99 42 99 42 99 42 99 42 99 * p<0.05. (. 3.50 3.64 3.60 3.69 3.44 3.32 3.65 3.78 3.45 3.46 3.15 3.35 3.26 3.33. 0.670 0.529 0.501 0.544 0.651 0.793 0.648 0.928 0.662 0.618 0.941 0.740 0.433 0.463. t. p. -1.19. 0.238. -0.90. 0.371. 0.95. 0.343. -0.95. 0.345. -0.11. 0.916. -1.21. 0.230. -0.82. 0.417. n=141. ) 4-12. 51 ( M =3.71 ) 41-50. ( ) 30. ( M =3.81 ) 41-50. ( ). ( M =3.55 ). 30. ( M =3.57 ) 41-50 30. ( M =3.84 ) 41-50. ( ). 31-40 ( M =3.32 ). ( ). ( ). ( M =3.20 ). ( M =3.35) 51. ( M =3.54 ). ( M =3.50 ) 51. (. ( M = 3.49 ) 30. ). 3.2. 66. ( M =3.14 ). ( ).
(79) 4-12. 30. (. ). p. 3.62 3.60 3.54 3.71. 0.485 0.613 0.497 0.477. 0.157. 0.925. 15 99. 3.81. 0.513. 0.764. 0.516. 3.67. 0.519. ). 20 7. 3.55 3.60. 0.486 0.850. 30 ( 31-40 41-50 51 (. ). 15. 3.57. 0.683. 0.811. 0.490. 99 20. 3.34. 0.767. 3.20. 0.693. ). 7. 3.50. 0.894. 30 ( 31-40 41-50. ). 15. 3.84. 0.558. 1.733. 0.163. 99 20. 3.81. 0.922. 3.35. 0.649. 51. (. ). 7. 3.71. 0.667. 30 ( 31-40. ). 15 99. 3.47. 0.510. 0.500. 0.683. 3.49. 0.636. 20. 3.33. 0.672 0.767. 0.515. 0.284. 0.837. 31-40 41-50 51. 15 99. (. ). 30 ( 31-40. ). 41-50 51 (. 41-50. 20 7. 51. (. ). 7. 3.32. 0.695. 30. (. ). 15. 3.50. 0.571. 99. 3.24. 0.840. 20 7. 3.44. 0.693. 3.14. 1.053. 15 99. 3.34 3.32 3.23 3.36. 0.382 0.459 0.429 0.644. 31-40 41-50 51. (. ). 30. (. ). 31-40 41-50 51 * p<0.05. F ῤ. (. ). 20 7. n =141. 67.
(80) 4-13. 78 23 36 4 78 23 36 4 78 23 36 4 78 23 36 4 78 23 36 4 78 23 36 4 78 23 36 4. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. * p<0.05. (. n =141. ) 4-13 ( M =4.00 ). ( M =3.54) ( M =3.70 ). / 68. 3.55 3.54 3.69 4.00 3.65 3.65 3.70 3.70 3.42 3.28 3.23 3.58 3.84 3.55 3.66 3.78 3.42 3.49 3.51 3.53 3.30 3.23 3.31 3.32 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.67. 0.569 0.554 0.616 0.268 0.528 0.620 0.497 0.560 0.729 0.812 0.797 0.419 0.967 0.592 0.693 1.115 0.648 0.688 0.585 0.400 0.745 0.957 0.882 0.538 0.448 0.500 0.406 0.731. F ῤ. p. 1.228. 0.302. 0.081. 0.970. 0.728. 0.537. 0.832. 0.478. 0.190. 0.903. 0.056. 0.982. 0.873. 0.457.
(81) ( M =3.65 ) ( M =3.58 ). ( M =3.23) ( M =3.84 ). / ( M =3.55 ) ( M =3.53 ). /. ( M =3.42 ) ( M =3.32 ). ( M =3.23 ) 3.2. (. ) 4-14. 3.2. 4-14. 55 86 55 86 55 86 55 86 55 86 55 86 55 86 * p<0.05. 3.56 3.62 3.68 3.65 3.26 3.41 3.52 3.88 3.35 3.53 3.19 3.36 3.22 3.36. n =141 69. 0.579 0.576 0.565 0.512 0.904 0.638 0.666 0.932 0.775 0.507 0.852 0.774 0.489 0.424. t. p. -0.60. 0.549. 0.30. 0.764. -1.07. 0.290. -2.65. 0.009. -1.55. 0.126. -1.15. 0.253. -1.73. 0.087.
(82) (. ) 4-15 5. (. ( M =3.75 ) 16-20. ). ( M =3.46). 5. (. ). ( M=3.93 ). ( M =3.26 ). 16-20. 21. ( M =3.66 ) 16-20. ( M =2.95) ( M =3.84 ). / ( M =3.55 ). 5 ( ). ( M =3.59 ) 16-20 5 (. ( ). ( M =3.19 ) ( M =3.69 ) 16-20. ). =3.16 ). 5. (M ( M =3.43 ) 16-20. ( ). ( M =3.06 ). F. F. F. 2.610 Scheffé. 70. 2.702. .05.
(83) 4-15. 5 ( 6-10 11-15 16-20 21 ( 5 ( 6-10 11-15 16-20 21 ( 5 ( 6-10 11-15 16-20 21 ( 5 ( 6-10 11-15 16-20 21 ( 5 ( 6-10 11-15 16-20 21 ( 5 ( 6-10 11-15 16-20 21 ( 5 ( 6-10 11-15 16-20 21 ( * p<0.05. ). ) ). ) ). ) ). ) ). ) ). ) ). ). 14 54 58 10 5 14 54 58 10 5 14 54 58 10 5 14 54 58 10 5 14 54 58 10 5 14 54 58 10 5 14 54 58 10 5. 3.75 3.56 3.61 3.46 3.70 3.93 3.62 3.71 3.26 3.72 3.64 3.18 3.49 2.95 3.66 3.86 3.74 3.80 3.39 3.38 3.59 3.37 3.56 3.19 3.38 3.69 3.24 3.27 3.16 3.34 3.43 3.24 3.38 3.06 3.39. n =141. 71. 0.483 0.534 0.651 0.586 0.288 0.569 0.496 0.490 0.744 0.460 0.795 0.787 0.646 0.955 0.397 0.593 1.109 0.635 0.752 0.705 0.667 0.607 0.602 0.851 0.475 0.516 0.676 0.942 1.002 0.511 0.418 0.474 0.401 0.648 0.298. F ῤ. p. 0.477. 0.753. 2.610*. 0.038. 2.702*. 0.033. 0.783. 0.538. 1.304. 0.272. 1.026. 0.396. 1.695. 0.155. Scheffé.
(84) (. ) 4-16. 37 ( M =3.66 ). ( ) ( M =3.55) 24. 37. 24. (. ) ( M =3.79 ). ( ). ( M =3.55). ( ). ( M =3.52 ) 24 37 (. 37. (. ). ( M =3.11). ( ). ( M =3.88 ) 24. ). ( M =3.54) ( M =3.49 ) 24. (. ( ). 25-36 ( M =3.40 ). ). ( M =3.52 ) 24 (. 25-36. ). ( M =3.04 ). F. F. 3.771 F. 37 (. 3.562. .05. Scheffe. ). 24 24 (. ( ). ). ( ). 24. 25-36. 72. ( 37. 25-36 24. 4.181. ( ). ).
(85) 4-16. 24 ( 25-36 37 ( 24 ( 25-36 37 ( 24 ( 25-36 37 ( 24 ( 25-36 37 ( 24 ( 25-36 37 ( 24 ( 25-36 37 ( 24 ( 25-36 37 ( * p<0.05. (. ). 45 45 51 45 45 51 45 45 51 45 45 51 45 45 51 45 45 51 45 45 51. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ). 3.55 3.58 3.66 3.55 3.64 3.79 3.11 3.41 3.52 3.54 3.78 3.88 3.40 3.49 3.48 3.04 3.52 3.31 3.17 3.32 3.42. 0.523 0.638 0.568 0.542 0.563 0.473 0.860 0.790 0.554 0.802 0.597 1.050 0.610 0.684 0.604 0.872 0.727 0.764 0.465 0.463 0.412. F ῤ. p. 0.415. 0.661. 2.756. 0.067. 3.771*. 0.025. 2.041. 0.134. 0.290. 0.749. 4.181*. 0.017. 3.562*. 0.031. Scheffé. 37. (. ). >24. (. ). 25-36 24. (. ). 37. (. ). >24. (. ). n =141. ) 4-17 ( M =3.65 ). ( M =3.49). ( M =3.84 ) ( M =3.53 ) ( M =3.50 ). ( M =3.18) ( M =3.78 ). ( M =3.58 ) ( M =3.79 ). ( M =3.24 ) ( M =3.59 ) 73.
(86) ( M =3.16 ). ( M =3.42 ) ( M =3.18 ). F. 4.650. .05. Scheffe. 4-17. * p<0.05. 43 89 9 43 89 9 43 89 9 43 89 9 43 89 9 43 89 9 43. 3.49 3.65 3.63 3.53 3.71 3.84 3.18 3.43 3.50 3.69 3.78 3.58 3.24 3.53 3.79 3.16 3.32 3.59 3.18. 0.622 0.559 0.488 0.567 0.510 0.480 0.608 0.824 0.527 1.121 0.737 0.363 0.652 0.595 0.605 0.848 0.801 0.587 0.428. 89. 3.36. 0.467. 9. 3.42. 0.334. n =141 74. F ῤ. p. 1.177. 0.311. 2.409. 0.094. 1.783. 0.172. 0.326. 0.722. 4.650*. 0.011. 1.231. 0.295. 2.707. 0.070. Scheffé. >.
(87) 4-18 (. ). (. ). (. 20 ( 21-30. 3.58 3.61 3.58 3.75. 0.598 0.632 0.464 0.437. 0.307. 0.821. ). 83 29 18 11. ). 83. 3.63. 0.535. 0.259. 0.855. 29. 3.73. 0.622. ). 18 11. 3.67 3.71. 0.387 0.505. 20 ( 21-30 31-40 41 (. ). 83. 3.31. 0.767. 1.009. 0.391. 29. 3.55. 0.794. 18. 3.21. 0.695. ). 11. 3.44. 0.607. 20 ( 21-30 31-40. ). 83. 3.81. 0.970. 0.856. 0.466. 29. 3.77. 0.698. 18. 3.53. 0.622. 41. (. ). 11. 3.50. 0.539. 20 ( 21-30. ). 83. 3.41. 0.641. 0.529. 0.663. 29. 3.56. 0.713. 18. 3.54. 0.503. 11. 3.46. 0.509. 83 29 18 11. 3.28 3.15 3.37 3.60. 0.813 0.955 0.495 0.736. 0.877. 0.455. 3.28 3.39 3.27 3.34. 0.456 0.548 0.318 0.371. 0.459. 0.711. 21-30 31-40 41. 31-40 41 (. 31-40 41 20. ( (. ) ). 41. (. ). 20. (. ). 31-40 41 (. 83 29 18. ). 11. 21-30 31-40. 21-30. * p<0.05. p. ). ( 20. F ῤ. n =141. 75.
(88) (. ). (. ). 4-18 41. (. ) ( M =3.75 ) 20. ( ) ( M =3.58). 31-40. ( M =3.73 ) 20. (. ). 21-30 ( M =3.63). ). ( M =3.55 ) 31-40. 21-30 ( M =3.21). 20. ( M =3.81 ) 41. (. (. ( ) ( M =3.50). ). ( M =3.56 ) 20. 21-30 ( M =3.41 ). 41. ( M =3.60 ) 21-30. (. ). ( ). ( M =3.15 ) ( M =3.39) 31-40. 21-30 (. (M =3.27). ). 炻. (. 3.1. ). (2002) (2008). (2004). (2011). 76. (2004). (2008).
(89) (. ). (2004) (2008). 30. (. (2008). (. 30. (2004) (2010). ) (. (2008). (2011). 41-50 ). ). (2001) (2005). (. (2006). (2002). (2006). (2004). (2008). (2005). (2008). (2010). ). (2002) (2005). (2008). (2004). (2008). (2010). 77. (2005) (2010).
(90) (. ). (2002) (2008). (2004). (2005). (2011) 5. ( ). 16-20. (2008). (. 16-20. ). (2002) (2002). (2005). (2005). (2008) 37. 25-36 (. (2008) ( ). 24. ). (2002). (2008). (2010) 78. (2011). 24. (. (. ). ).
(91) (. ). (. ) (. ) (. (. ). 79. ).
(92) 80.
(93) (. ). ( M >3.00) ( M<3.00). 54. 81.
(94) (. ). (. ). (. ). (. ). (. ). (. ). 82.
(95) (. ). (. ). (. ). (. ). (. ). (. ). 37. (. ). 24 37. (. (. 24 (. ). ). ( ) 25-36. 24. ( ). ) 83.
(96) (. ). (. ) (. ) (. ). ġ (. ). 102 102. (. 11. ). 84.
(97) (. ). ġ (. ). (. ). ġ. 85.
(98) ġ (. ). (. ). (. ). 86.
(99) (2001). ). (. ) (2007) 1(1) 65-75 (2010) 2(1). 100-110 (. (2002) ) (2013). ( ) (2014). (2006). ─ (. ). (1997). (2007). (. SPSS. (1990). (. ). (2010) 155-162 (2011) (. ). 87. ).
(100) (2008) (. ). (2011) (. ). (2009) (. ) (2007). ( ) (2004). 3(4) 90-93 (. (2004) ) (2007) (. ). (2011). (. ) (1995) (2002). ( ). (2012) (. ). (2008) 34. 756-766. (2010). (. ) 88.
(101) (2009). 218-258 (2010) 1-30. 23(1) (2011). ( ). (2004) (. ) (2005). (. ). (2005) 108-123. 40. (2006) 255-282. 22 (2003). – (. ). (2005) (. ). (2005) 6(4). 35-50. (2008). (. ) (. (2010) ) 89.
(102) (2006) (. —. ). (2010) ). (. (. (2003) ) 2004. —. (2006) (. ). (2006) 57-84. 24 (2004). (. ). (2005) (. ). (2002). ( ) (2010). -. 23. (2003). (. 285-300. ). (2009) (. ) (. (2005) ) (. (2009) ) 90.
(103) (2006). ─ (. ) (2013) 11(3) 187-196 (. (2009) ) (2008) (. ). (2011) (. ). (2008) (. ). (2009). (. ) (. (2009) ) 1977 35. 13-56. (1995) (2009). (. ). (2001). (. ) (. 2001 ). (. (2009) ) 91.
(104) (2008) 4(2) 1-23 (2002). ( ). (2004) (. ). (2004) (. ). 2002 2 1. 155-197 (. (2006) ) (2008). (. ) (2006) (. ) (2009). -Journal of China Institute of Technology,40 139-163 (1992). (1999). (. ). )2013* !!!!. !. ). *. !. (2003). ( ) 92.
(105) (2012). 21 21-48 (2001). (. ) (2005) 14 (2009. 11. 15. 205-233. ) 2013. 8. 6. http://www.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e-j/82/82-13.htm (. (2008) ) (2006). (. ) (. (2003) ) (. (2002). ). (2010) (. ). (2010) (. ) (. (2002) ) (. (2006) 93. ).
(106) (2011). (. ). 94.
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(127) !. ). * ! !. 3.485. 3.001. 4. 0.818. 7. 0.751. 5. 0.739. 6. 0.647. 16. 0.637. 3. 0.608. 10. 0.546. 19. 0.470. 17. 0.425. 47. 0.765. 45. 0.743. 46. 0.710. 48. 0.692. 44. (. 0.678. (. 0.661. &!. &!. 6.455. 48.701. 5.557. 54.258. ) 43 ) 42. 0.576. 41. 0.470 ). 115. *!.
(128) (. ) ! !. 2.270. 12. 0.720. 11. 0.667. 15. 0.589. 39. 0.577. 18. 0.493. 40. 0.477. 38. 0.475. 20. 0.473. 13. 0.418. 14. 0.351. &! 4.203. &! 58.461. ). 116. *!.
(129) (. 2.047. ). 53. 0.820. 52. 0.802. 51 54. 0.792 0.620. 49. 0.465 (. …). 57. 0.465. 8. 0.377. 117. % 3.790. % 62.251.
(130) 118.
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(132) –. 5. !. 4 !. !. ! !. ! !. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.. 3. .. .. . .. .. ... ……………………….. ………………….. …………………….. …………………………….. …………….. …………….. …………….. ……... 120. ! ! !. ! ! !. !. 2 !. ! ! !. 1. ! ! !. ! ! !.
(133) 27.. ……………………….. 5. !. 3. 2. 1. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. !. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !. ! !. 28.. 4. !. ………………….. !. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.. …………………………….. ………………….. …………………………….. …….……………………. ………….………………. ……….. ………………………….. ………………………………….. …………………………….. ……………………………... ( (. ) ). (. ............................ ). .. . ! ... .. .. .. .. .. .... ! 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. !!! 53. 54.. ……………………………………….. ……………………….. ………………………..… …………………….. ( !! ! ) …… ………………….. ……………………... ~ 121.
(134)
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