陸生在台使用臉書與文化適應之研究 - 政大學術集成

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(1)A study of Mainland Students’ Facebook Usage and Cultural Adaptation in Taiwan.

(2) 立立. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. io. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. 101. 政治大. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 2015.08.05 i.

(3) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat. al. Ch. engchi. ii. i n U. v.

(4) Abstract By conducting 20 in-depth interviews with Mainland students studying in Taiwan, this research aims to investigate the culture shock that Mainland students are confronted with and their cultural adaptation in Taiwan. Moreover, the role of “Facebook” in cross-cultural adaptation for Mainland students is also a subject of the study. Based on the interviews and online observation, this research seeks to understand the behavior of Mainland students’ using Facebook, and explore how Facebook affects Mainland students’ understanding of Taiwan and interpersonal relations with Taiwanese. Finally, the research attempts to conclude what uncertainty reduction strategies Mainland students adopt with their using Facebook. The research finds that Mainland students are most pressured by academics, interpersonal relations, ideology and policy restrictions for their study in Taiwan. The 17. 政治大. interviewees are all graduate students, owing to which they experience. 立立. culture shock. stage with enormous academic stress in the early days of their living in Taiwan. Most. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. culture shocks could be overcome and they integrate themselves into local society by self-adaptation, interpersonal communication and mass communication. Moreover,. •‧. most Mainland students use passive and interactive strategies to reduce their uncertainty in Facebook using. The longer they stay in Taiwan, the deeper they understand. sit. y. Nat. local society and the stronger they stay in Taiwan, the deeper they understand local society and the stronger their friendship network grows, and then they turn to passive. io. n. al. er. strategies in uncertainty reduction. Therefore, Facebook provides Mainland students. i n U. v. with a channel of observing and understanding Taiwan on the initial stage of entering a new culture.. Ch. engchi. Keywords: Mainland students, cross-cultural adaptation, culture shock, Facebook, uncertainty reduction strategies. iii.

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(19) !. Social media. !. Facebook. 2013. 4!. 1500 2014. 6. 25. 2014. Facebook. checkfacebook.com. 政 24 治 25 大 34. 18. 立立. socialbakers, 2014. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 13. i n U. v.

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(22) 1950 2002. (the only rightful government representing China) 2001. 1971. 76. 35. 17. 2758. 政治大. 立立 2758. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. •‧. n. al. er. io. sit. y. 1993). Nat. (Henckaerts, 1996. 1979. 1957. 1958. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 1958 1966. 1950. 16.

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(29) 2012. 2013 211. 政2013 治11 大 1. 立立. (2014). 111. 18. 129. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. al. 43.3%. 2141. er. io. sit. y. Nat. 2011. 2014. Ch. engchi. i n U. v 928. 951. 2013 1822. 66%. 29%. 2013. 23.

(30) 2-1. 2008~2014. 2007.9 2008. 25. 2010. 26 22. 2011.1. •‧ 國. y sit. n. al. er. io. 2011.9. 41. •‧. Nat. 2011.4. 立立. ㈻㊫學. 2011.4. 政治大. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 2012. 111. 2013.3 2013.3 2014.4. 18. 129. 24.

(31) 2010 2011. 2012. 2012. 2010. 2012. 2010 2013. 2013. 2014. 2013. 2013. 2014. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 25. i n U. v. 2014.

(32) Tylor (1871). Tylor. 政治大 Kluckhohn 立立 (1952). ㈻㊫學. •‧. •‧ 國. Krober. y. Nat. sit. n. al. er. io. (1952). Krober. Ch. n U i engch. R. Williams. Williams. 26. iv. 160. Kluckhohn.

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(35) shock. Oberg(1960). ! Oberg(2006). !. Taft(1977). •‧ y. Taft, 1977). n. al. er. io. sit. Nat. (Trompenaars, 2006. Chaney. ㈻㊫學. •‧ 國. 立立. 政治大. Martin(2007). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Hall(1959). Taft(1977) 29.

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(37) Berry, 1999. Babiker. Cox,. 2003. 1990. Redfield. Taft(1977). 立立. (2009). (1936. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. Nat. io. sit. y. Kennedy(1992). n. al. er. Ward. Kim(2001). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Hannigan(1990) (2009). 31. Mille,.

(38) (two-way). (dynamic) Kim(2001). Oberg(1960) Lysgaard(1955) U U. 立立. 政治大. Oberg(1960). •‧ 國. (Honeymoon stage). •‧. io. sit. y. Nat n. al. er. ). ㈻㊫學. (. Lysgaard (1955). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. (Disillusionment or Culture shock stage). 32.

(39) (Adjustment stage). 政治大. 立立. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. (Mastery stage). •‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Black. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Mendenhall(1991). U. U. 33.

(40) 2-1. 立立. 治政 Black& Mendenhall大 (1991). •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. Gullahorn. U. (1963). •‧. U. U. W. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Gullahorn. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. U W (Furnham & Bochner, 1986. Trompenaars (2006). 34. Bennett, 1977).

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(44) 2013. 立立. y sit. n. al. er. ). •‧ 國. (. •‧. ). ㈻㊫學. (. io. ). Nat. (. 政治大. Ch. engchi. 38. i n U. v.

(45) (Ball-Rokeach, 1973. Gudykunst Kim(1992). 政治大. ㈻㊫學. •‧. •‧ 國. 立立. Berger, 1988). Gudykunst Hammer(1988). n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. Shannon theory). Berger. i n U. v. Weaver(1949). (Information. Calabrese(1975). Uncertainty Reduction Theory, URT). 39. Berger. Calabrese.

(46) (behavioral uncertainty) (cognitive uncertainty). Berger, 1979. Berger & Bradac, 1982. Berger(1979). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. (Anticipation of future interaction). io. sit. y. Nat n. al. er. (Incentive value). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. (Deviance). Berger. (Berger, 1979 1987 1988 Berger & Bradac, 1982 Gudykunst. 40.

(47) & Hammer, 1988). (1). Berger, 1979 1987 1988) (2). (Gudykunst & Hammer, 1988) (Berger & Douglas, 1981 Berger & Perkins, 1978, 1979). 立立. 政治大. Trenholm(1986). •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. (1). 1979 1987. i n U. Gudykunst & Hammer, 1988) (2). (Berger, 1988). Hewes. (2012). (1985). 41. v. (Berger,.

(48) (1). (2). (Berger & Bradac, 1982. 2008). Gudykunst, Yang, & Nishida, 1985 Storey, 1989). Berger. 立立. Gudykunst, 1985. Kellermann(1983). 政治大. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. (1993). •‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. (Gudykunst & Hammer, 1988). Altman Taylor(1973) 42. i n U. v.

(49) 立立. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. 2013. 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 2004. 2003. Berger & Calabrese, 1975. Gouran, Miller, & Wiethoff, 1992. McKay & Gaw, 1975 43. Rogers, 1994.

(50) (1999). (McQuail, 1983) 2001 McQuail(1983). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. Schramm (1954). n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. i n U. v. Katz, Gurevitch,. engchi. Hass(1973). Lasswell(1948). 1960 1990 Barnett, Chon,. Rosen(2000). 44.

(51) 2001. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學 y. n. al. er. io. Daft. McKenna, Green, & Gleason, 2002). sit. Nat. (Walter, 1996. Lengel(1986). Skype. Ch. i n U. e n g ce-mail hi. Google talk. 45. v.

(52) 2-3. (Berger and Calabrese, 1975). (Gudykunst and Hammer, 1998). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. (1993). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. McLuhan(1966). Smith(1999). 46.

(53) Kim(1988) Keshishian(2000). (2008). ㈻㊫學. •‧ 國. 立立. 政治大 Yang(2004). •‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. (1999). Ch. engchi. Ye(2006). 47. i n U. v.

(54) Sandel(2014). 立立. 政治大. (2004). Nat n. al. er. io. sit. y. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學 MSN. (2004). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. (Elias, Khvorostianov, & Nimrod, 2012 ). Rheingold(1993). BBS 48.

(55) Web2.0. 2013. Walter(1996). 政治大. 立立. 1997. sit. y. Nat. n. al. er. Ellison(2007). io. Boyd. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Safko. 2004. Brake (2009). 2009. Ellison, Steinfied, & Lampe 2007 11. Lampe, Ellison. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. Steinfield 2006. Six Degrees.com. 2013. Dan Neary 49. 2013. 9 9. 2010.

(56) 1400 2013. 9. 60%. 18. Joinson(2008). 立立. 政治大. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. Putnam(2000). •‧. (2). y. Kim 2012. n. al. er. io. sit. Nat. Lee, Kim, Lee,. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Kim, Yun,. Cyworld. (1). WeChat. 50. Sandel(2014). Yoon(2009).

(57) (Kim, et al, 2009. Sandel, 2014). Mikal, Yang,. Lewis(2014). 立立. 政治大. Sandel(2014). •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. QQ. •‧. Sande. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 51. i n U. v. QQ.

(58) !. !. (qualitative research). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 2001. 52. i n U. v.

(59) (Sharon, 1994) (Minichiello, Aroni, Timewell, & Alexander, 1995). (2008). ㈻㊫學. •‧ 國. 立立. 政治大 (2010). •‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. (2). Ch. engchi. v. (1). (Consciousness). (3). (Action) (4). (5) Fonow, 1990. i n U. (self-reflexivity) (Cook &. 1996). 53.

(60) snowball sampling. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. Lysgaard(1995)U. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 54. i n U. v.

(61) 20. 3. 16. 1. 18. 27. 23.85. 8. 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 20. 12 3. 4 9. 2. 3. 1. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 7. i n U. v. 6. 7 M(Male). F(Female). (a). (b). (c). F1(a) M8(c). 55.

(62) 3-1. 3-1. F1(a) F2(a). 立立. F3(a). •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. M1(a). 政治大. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. F4(a). Ch. engchi. F5(a). F6(b). 56. i n U. v.

(63) M2(b). F7(b). M3(b). F8(b). F9(b). •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. F10(b). 立立. 政治大. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. M4(c). Ch. engchi. M5(c). M6(c). 57. i n U. v.

(64) F11(c). M7(c). F12(c). M8(c). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 58. i n U. v.



(67) 1996. 立立. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. 2000. 政治大 2010. •‧. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. Guba(1990). 61. i n U. v.


(69) 2004. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 63. i n U. v.


(71) !. 立立. !. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 65. i n U. v.

(72) 2011 2014. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 66. i n U. v.



(75) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. 211. Ch. engchi. 985. 69. i n U. v.



(78) JAY. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 72. i n U. v.

(79) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. 360. 73.

(80) ). 立立. 政治大. ㈻㊫學. •‧. •‧ 國 io. sit. y. Nat n. al. er. (. Ch. engchi. 74. i n U. v.



(83) ! F1(a). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. F2(a). Ch. engchi. 77. i n U. v.

(84) F3(a). F7(b). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. M3(b). Ch. engchi. F4(a). 78. i n U. v.

(85) M1(a) QQ. 2011. F5(a). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. F6(b). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. Line. F8(b). F9(b). 79.

(86) F10(b). 立立. M2(b). 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. M4(c). 80. i n U. v.

(87) M5(c). M8(c). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. F11(c). Ch. engchi. M6(c). 81. i n U. v.

(88) M7(c). F12(c). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 82. i n U. v.

(89) QQ. 政治大. 立立. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學 Line. n. er. io. al. F10(b). sit. y. Nat. Line. Ch. e n g cLine hi. i n U. F6(b) Line. 83. v. Line.

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(91) F7(b) QQ. M3(b) F8(b) F9(b). Line. F10(b). Line. M4(c) M5(c) Line. M6(c) F11(c). 立立. M7(c). •‧ 國. •‧. io. sit. y. Nat n. al. er. M8(c). 政治大. ㈻㊫學. F12(c). QQ. QQ. Ch. engchi. 85. i n U. v.

(92) Oberg(1960). U. Gullahorn 1963. 立立. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. !. W 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. M5(c) F4(a). F8(b). 86. i n U. v.

(93) F6(b). 立立. !. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. M8(c). Ch. engchi. F5(a). F10(b). M5(c) 87. i n U. v.

(94) ! !. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 88. i n U. v.






(100) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. !. Ch. engchi. 94. i n U. v.




(104) F11(c). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. !. 98. i n U. v.


(106) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. F12(c). 100. i n U. v. M7(c).

(107) ㈻㊫學. !. •‧. •‧ 國. 立立. 政治大. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. i n U. v. F8(b). F12(c). 101.

(108) F11(c). 立立. F2(a). F3(a). ㈻㊫學. •‧. •‧ 國 io. sit. y. Nat n. al. er. F3(a). 政治大. Ch. engchi. 102. i n U. v. F2(a).

(109) F8(b). F10(b). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. F1(a). Ch. engchi F7(b). 103. i n U. v.

(110) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. !. 104. i n U. v.

(111) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. Kim(1988). 105. i n U. v.

(112) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. !. ! 106. i n U. v.


(114) !. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. U. 108. i n U. v.

(115) !!. !!!!. ! ! !!. 立立. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. io. n. al. Ch. engchi. !!!!!. sit. y. Nat. Kim,1988. er. !. 政治大. i n U. Kim(2001). v. !. !. 109.




(119) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. M2(b). 113. i n U. v.


(121) 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. Ball-Rokeach. 115. i n U. 1973. v.


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(124) F5(a) po. M7(c). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat. F6(b). Ch. e nF5(a) gchi. M5(c). 118. i n U. v.

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(127) 4-3. M2(b). M4(c). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al 4-4. Ch. e nM4(c) gchi. i n U. v. Line 121.

(128) F8(b) F12(c). F2(a) M3(b). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. F1(a). Ch. engchi. i n U. v. M8(c). 122.

(129) M3(b). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 123. i n U. v.

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(131) F12(c) M8(c). 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 125. i n U. v.

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(137) 1993. QQ. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. Ch. engchi. 131. i n U. v.


(139) ! !. 立立. 政治大. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. er. io. sit. y. Nat al. !. Ch. engchi. 133. i n U. v.

(140) !. !. 立立. 政治大 !. •‧. •‧ 國. ㈻㊫學. n. al. er. io. sit. y. Nat !. Ch. engchi. 134. i n U. v.



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