外來語混種詞之和語‧漢語成分─翻譯混種詞與和製混種詞之比較研究 = 外来語成分を含む混種語の和語・漢語成分について―翻訳混種語と和製混種語との比較から―

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(1)ѯτСҐᇮНः‫ف‬ಒ 5 ෉ 2003 Ԓ 12 У Ȃ ॳ 163ʂ 190. ֥ԥѵ‫ٿ‬ᇮԚϸ‫ెޠ‬ᆎມϟ‫ڸ‬ᇮȆᅖᇮԚϸ ɯᙛណెᆎມᇅ‫ڸ‬ᇨెᆎມϟЩၷः‫ف‬ɯ ࣥ ᐝ ‫ ∗ ܩ‬ . ኴ ૞ ֲ ፿ ဲ ნ ‫ ׌‬૞ ‫ ױ‬։ ੡ Կ ᣊΚ ψࡉ፿ω ΰ ֲ ፿ ࡐ ‫ ဲ ڶ‬ნ αΕψ ዧ ፿ ω ΰᄭ ࣍խഏऱဲნα Ε ψ؆ࠐ፿ω ΰ२෼‫ז‬ଃ᤟؆፿ऱဲნα Ζ‫ ׌ ֮ ء‬૞ ൶ ಘ Κ ‫ဲ᤟៬ڇ‬ၸ੄‫֗א‬ທဲၸ੄ՂΔፖ؆ࠐ፿‫ګ‬։ᓤ‫ګٽ‬෗ጟဲऱࡉ፿Θ ዧ፿‫ګ‬։Δࠡዌဲհฆ‫ٵ‬Ζʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ‫֮ء‬ଈ٣ᓵ૪ܶ‫ڶ‬؆ࠐ፿‫ګ‬։ऱ෗ጟဲ։‫᤟៬ګ‬෗ጟဲ֗ࡉ፹෗ ጟဲऱ‫ؘ‬૞ࢤΖዿ৵Δ‫ڶ‬ᣂ‫᤟៬ڇ‬෗ጟဲ֗ࡉ፹෗ጟဲՂ݁।෼‫נ‬ৰ ൎऱທဲ౨Ժऱዧ፿‫ګ‬։Δຘመኔࠏ‫ە‬ኘΔ൶ಘࠡ‫ဲ᤟៬ڇ‬ၸ੄֗ທ ဲၸ੄Ղऱዌဲֱ૿ऱฆ‫ٵ‬Ζۖ‫ڶ‬ᣂࡉ፿‫ګ‬։ऱທဲ௽ࢤΔᆖ‫ء‬ᓵ֮ ऱ‫ە‬ኘΔԱᇞࠩࠡ‫᤟៬ڇ‬෗ጟဲऱທဲ౨ԺઌᅝᜳஇΔ‫ࡉڇ܀‬፹෗ጟ ဲՂঞ࿇ཀਬጟ࿓৫ऱທဲ‫פ‬౨Ζʳ ʳ ʳ ‫׼‬؆Δൕፖ؆ࠐ፿‫ګ‬։ऱ࿨‫ݮٽ‬ኪࠐ઎Δዧ፿‫ګ‬։ࠡᓤ‫ဲٽ‬௅հ ࿨‫ٽ‬Ժ૞ֺ໢ԫဲ௅ൎ൓‫ڍ‬Ιࡉ፿‫ګ‬։ঞਢ໢ԫဲ௅հ࿨‫ٽ‬Ժֺᓤ‫ٽ‬ ဲ௅ൎΖൕຍរࠐ઎Δૉᎅԫ໢‫ۯ‬ऱ؆ࠐ፿‫ګ‬։ऱዌဲᖲ౨ઌᅝ࣍Բ ໢‫ۯ‬ऱዧ፿‫ګ‬։ऱዌဲᖲ౨Δঞ‫ױ‬ංឰԫ໢‫ۯ‬؆ࠐ፿‫ګ‬։ऱዌဲᖲ౨ ፖԫ໢‫ۯ‬ऱࡉ፿‫ګ‬։ઌᅝΖʳ ່৵Δ෗ጟဲࠡ।‫ق‬ᣊ‫ټ‬ऱ৵ႈ‫ګ‬։Δ‫֗אဲ᤟៬ڇ‬ທဲऱၸ੄Ղ ٍ‫஁ڶ‬ฆΚ៬᤟෗ጟဲऱ৵ႈᣊ‫ټ‬૞ైΔ༓‫׏‬ਢዧ፿‫ګ‬։Ιࡉ፹෗ጟ ဲঞਢೈԱዧ፿‫ګ‬։հ؆ΔՈ‫ڶ‬լ֟ࡉ፿‫֗א‬؆ࠐ፿ऱ໢ԫဲ௅Ζʳ ᣂ᝶ဲΚዌဲΕ؆ࠐ፿Ε៬᤟෗ጟဲΕࡉ፹෗ጟဲʳ ∗. ፕ᨜Օᖂֲ‫ء‬፿֮ᖂߓ‫ܗ‬෻ඒ඄ʳ.

(2) 164. The Word Formation of Gailaigo Hybrids: Comparative Analysis of Wago and Kango Constituents Lin, Hui-jun ∗. Abstract. Japanese lexicon is comprised of three major categories: Wago (native Japanese ‫ ک‬ᇟ ), Kango (Sino-Japanese ᅇ ᇟ ), and Gailaigo (loanwords Ѧ ٰ ᇟ ). This paper examines how Wago and Kango constituents play different roles in loan translation and coinage as far as the formation of Gailaigo hybrid is concerned. My research shows that first, while Kango constituents demonstrate strong capacity for compounding with Gailaigo in both loan translation and coinage, Wago constituents function mainly in the latter. Second, when compounded with one unit of Gailaigo, Kango and Wago also show different patterns. A complex base of Kango constituents generally exhibits higher compounding capacity or tendency than when it is a single base, while the Wago constituents do the opposite. This suggests that if one unit of Gailaigo constituent equals two units of Kango constituents (as many others have asserted), then we may also assume that one unit of Gailaigo constituent is equivalent to one unit of Wago constituent. Last but not the least, for the Gailaigo hybrid representing nominal classification, if it is compounded by the rule of loan translation, the last element of the hybrid tends to be a Kango constituent, but no such tendency is found if it is a case of coinage. Key words: word formation, Gailaigo, hybrid, loan translation, coinage, ʳ. ∗ Assistant Pro fessor o f the Dep ar tment o f J apanese Language and Literatur e, National Tai wan Univer sity..

(3) 165. ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ࠍ ฽ ߻ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߩ ๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆ ᨋ ᘢำ∗ . ⷐ ᣦ ᧄ Ⓜ ߩ ⋡ ⊛ ߪ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ࠍ ฽ ߻ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞ߣㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛⇣หࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ Ⓜ ߢ ߪ ߹ ߕ ‫ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ࠍ ฽ ߻ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ࠍ ⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߣ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ߦಽߌࠆᔅⷐࠍ⺰ߓߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࡮๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߩਔ⠪ߢߣ߽ ߦᵴ⊒ߥㅧ⺆ജࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆṽ⺆ᚑಽߩ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞ߣㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ ߢߩㅧ⺆ߩ⇣หࠍ␜ߒߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߩ߶߁ߪ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߢ ߪㅧ⺆ജ߇ᱴߤᒙ޿߇‫ޔ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߢߪ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩㅧ⺆ᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚ ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⷗ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮߣߩ⚿วᒻᘒߩ㕙ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽߪⶄว⺆ၮߩ ᣇ߇ᄙ޿ߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߪㅒߦන⚐⺆ၮߩᣇ߇ᄙ޿ߎߣࠍ⏕ ⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬੐ታ߆ࠄߪ‫৻ޔ‬න૏ߩᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮߩᯏ⢻߇ੑන૏ߩ ṽ⺆⺆ၮߩߘࠇߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆߣߩᜰ៰ࠍ⠨߃วࠊߖࠆߣ‫৻ޔ‬න૏ߩᄖ ᧪ ⺆⺆ ၮ ߇ ৻ න ૏ ߩ ๺ ⺆⺆ ၮ ߦ ⋧ ᒰ ߔ ࠆ ‫ ߣޔ‬⠨ ߃ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠃ ߁ ‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦᷙ⒳⺆ߩᓟ㗄ⷐ⚛ߣߒߡ㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔᚑಽ߽‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞ ߣ๺⵾࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ⋧㆑ࠍ⷗ߖߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᚑಽߪ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߢߪ ᱴߤ߇ṽ⺆ߩන⚐࡮ⶄว⺆ၮߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߢߪߘࠇࠄએᄖ ߦ‫ޔ‬๺⺆න⚐⺆ၮߣᄖ᧪⺆න⚐⺆ၮ߽ዋߥ߆ࠄߕߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ ߞߚ‫ޕ‬. ࠠ ࡯ ࡢ ࡯ ࠼ ⺆ ᭴ ᚑ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ⠡ ⸶ ࡟ ࡌ ࡞ ㅧ ⺆ ࡟ ࡌ ࡞ ∗. บḧᄢቇᣣᧄ⺆ᢥቇ♽ഥℂᢎ᝼.

(4) 166. ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ࠍ ฽ ߻ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߩ ๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆ ᨋ ᘢำ. ৻‫ߦ߼ߓߪޔ‬ ᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߩ⎇ⓥߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߥ⠨߃߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩ୫↪࡟ ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ਃߟߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦಽߌ ߡ⠨߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ a 㨬ࡢ ࠗ ࠼ ࠬ ࠢ ࡝ ࡯ ࡦ 㨭(wide screen)‫ ࡓ ࡯ ࡞ ࡦ ࠗ ࠷ ޟޔ‬㧔 twin room㧕‫ޠ ࠼ ࡯ ࠦ ࡯ ࡃ ޟޔޠ‬㧔 bar code㧕 ̖ b‫ ࡯ ࡜ ࡎ ޟ‬ᤋ ↹ ‫ޠ‬㧔 horror movie㧕‫ ޟޔ‬Ꮌ ⥶ ࡒ ࠨ ࠗ ࡞ ‫ޠ‬㧔 cruise missile㧕‫ ࡆ ࡟ ࠹ ޟޔ‬ળ ⼏ ‫ޠ‬㧔 teleconference㧕‫ޠ ⽎ ⃻ ࡞ ࡉ ࡃ ޟޔ‬ 㧔 bubble phenomenon㧕‫ ࡊ ࠶ ࡢ ࠬ ޟޔ‬ข ᒁ ‫ޠ‬㧔 swap transaction㧕 ̖ c‫ ޿ ૶ ޟ‬ᝥ ߡ ࠞ ࡔ ࡜ ‫ ޟޔޠ‬ෘ ᐩ ࡉ ࡯ ࠷ ‫࠲ ࠫ ࠺ ޟޔޠ ᦯ ࡯ ࡜ ࡯ ࠮ ޟޔޠ‬ ࡞ ᐢ ๔ ‫ ࡞ ࡌ ࡦ ࠳ ޟޔޠ‬૕ ᠲ ‫ޠ‬ d‫ࡖ ࠠ ࠻ ࡯ ࠝ ޟޔޠ ࡦ ࡔ ࡯ ࡜ ࠻ ࡦ ࠲ ࠬ ࡦ ࠗ ޟޔޠ ࡞ ࠗ ࡎ ࡒ ࡞ ࠕ ޟ‬ ࡦ ࡊ ‫̖ ޠ ࠢ ࠶ ࠫ ࡯ ࡘ ࡒ ࡑ ࡯ ࠹ ޟޔޠ‬ ߩࠃ߁ߥ଀ߢ⠨߃ߡߺࠃ߁‫ޕ‬a ߪᄖ࿖⺆ේ⺆ࠍᣣᧄ⺆ߩ㖸㖿᭴ㅧߦ ࠃߞߡ㖸ࠍᄌ߃ߡ୫↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߩ߽ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᣣ ᧄ⺆ߩㅧ⺆⃻⽎ߣߪ߹ߞߚߊ㑐ଥ߇ߥ޿߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬୫↪࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᄖ ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㨎ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ේ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆⶄว⺆ߩ৻ㇱࠍṽ ⺆ᚑಽ߿๺⺆ᚑಽߦ⸶ߒߚ߽ߩߢ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇๺⺆෶ ߪṽ⺆ᚑಽߣ⚿วߒߚᒻߩᷙ⒳⺆ߩᄖ᧪⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬୫↪࡟ࡌ ࡞ࠍ⿥߃ߚ⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㨏ߣ㨐ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ ේ⺆ߣߪ߹ߞߚߊ㑐ଥߖߕߦ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆ၮߣߒߡߩᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇ ๺⺆࡮ṽ⺆ᚑಽߣⶄว‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽห჻ߢⶄวߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽.

(5) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 167. ࠆ‫ޕ‬㨏ߪᷙ⒳⺆ߩᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㨐ߪᄖ᧪⺆ห჻ߩⶄว⺆ߢ ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ᣣᧄ⺆ㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߢ޽ࠆὐ ߢ౒ㅢߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╩ ⠪ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ⶄ ว ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⺆ ᭴ ᚑ ߩ ໧ 㗴 ࠍ ข ࠅ ਄ ߍ ࠆ 㓙 ߦ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ ߹ߕᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆߇਄⸥ߩਃߟߩౝߤߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ߽ߩߥߩ߆ࠍవߦ ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ਄ߢಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߴ߈ߛߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ߦ࡞ࡌ࡟ߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⺆ ᭴ ᚑ ߩ ໧ 㗴 ߪ ᩮ ᧄ ⊛ ߦ ᧄ ⾰ ߇ ㆑ ߁ ߚ ߼ ߢ ޽ ࠆ 1 ‫ޕ‬਄ ⸥ ߩ a ߩ ࠃ߁ߥ୫↪⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߩਛߦᄖ᧪⺆ߣߒߡ୫↪ߔࠆ ೨ߩේ⺆Ბ㓏‫ߩߘޔࠅ߹ߟޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺆᭴ᚑߩ໧㗴ߥߩߢ޽ ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ⎇ⓥߩ▸࿐ߦߪ౉ࠄߥ ޿ߣ╩⠪ߪ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㨏ߣ㨐ߪㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᒰ ὼᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺆᭴ᚑಽᨆߩኻ⽎ߦߥࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࡟ࡌ ࡞ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㨎ߪ‫ޔ‬㕖ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߩㇱಽ߇ߘߩ߹߹ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߢ ୫↪ߐࠇߡ߽ࠃߐߘ߁ߥߩߦ‫ޔ‬๺⺆࡮ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦᗧ⸶ߐࠇߚᒻߢ↪ ޿ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᗧ⸶ߩߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ታߪ⺆᭴ᚑߩ໧㗴ߣ߽㑐 ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ‫ߩߎޔ‬⒳ߩ⠡⸶⺆ߩᷙ⒳⺆߽ᄖ᧪⺆ ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ໧㗴ߩ⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߣߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߩ߁ߜ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ ࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆‫ޔ‬හߜ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩ㨎ߩ⠡⸶⺆ߩᷙ⒳⺆ߣ㨏ߩ๺⵾⺆ߩᷙ ⒳ ⺆ 2 ߛ ߌ ࠍ ข ࠅ ਄ ߍ ‫ ․ ߩ ߘޔ‬ᓽ ࠍ ⠨ ኤ ߔ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬਄ ⸥ ߩ 㨐 ‫ޔ‬හ ߜ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑಽห჻ߩ⚿วߦࠃࠆ๺⵾ߩᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆߽ᄢᄌ⥝๧ᷓ޿߽ߩߢ޽ ࠆ߇‫ߚ߹ޔ‬೎ߩᯏળࠍᓙߜߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ᓥ᧪‫ޔ‬วᚑ⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ⎇ⓥߣ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬ห⒳᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ห჻ߢߢ߈ߚ วᚑ⺆‫ߦ․ޔ‬ṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ߣ๺⺆ⶄว⺆ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ਥᵹߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬. 1. ߎ ߩ ߎ ߣ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬㊁ ᧛ (19 82)46 㗁 ߦ ߽ ߘ ࠇ ࠄ (╩ ⠪ ᵈ 㧦 ੑ න ૏ ߩ 㧝 Ǫ ⺆ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߇ ୫ ↪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߩ ⶄ ว ⺆ ߥ ߩ ߆ ‫ޔ‬ ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⺆ၮߣߒߡߩ⚿วߦࠃࠆ๺⵾ⶄว⺆ߥߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ ߒߥ޿ߣ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ജߩ⸃᣿ߣ޿߁ὐߢߪ‫ߛ߹ޔ‬ਇචಽߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߣ޿߁⸥ㅀ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߕ߹ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆߇୫↪ߩ߽ߩ߆‫ޔ‬๺⵾ߩ߽ ߩ߆ࠍ⸃߈᣿߆ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 2 ዊ⺰ߢߪ b ߩࠃ߁ߥ⠡⸶⺆ߩᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆‫ޔ‬c ߩࠃ߁ߥ๺⵾⺆ߩᷙ⒳ ⺆ࠍ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ⸒߁ߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬.

(6) 168 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ᣇ 㕙 ߢ ߪ ᭽ ‫ ⎇ ߥ ޘ‬ⓥ ᚑ ᨐ ߇ ޽ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߣ ⸒ ߃ ࠆ ‫ ߦ ࠇ ߘޕ‬ኻ ߒ ߡ ‫ޔ‬ ⇣⒳㑆ߩⶄวߦࠃࠆᷙ⒳⺆ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺆᭴ᚑߩ⎇ⓥߪ߹ߛ߹ߛዋߥ޿ ࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ߩ వ ⴕ ⎇ ⓥ ߪ ‫ ߩ ⷗ ▤ޔ‬㒢 ࠅ ߢ ߪ ‫ ⊕ޔ‬੗ (1989‫ޔ‬1991a‫ޔ‬ 1991b)‫ޔ‬ේ ㊁ (1992)‫ ࠄ ߆ ࠇ ߘޔ‬᜕ ⪺ (2001)ߥ ߤ ࠍ ޽ ߍ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ ߘ ߩ ߁ ߜ ‫ ⊕ ޔ‬੗ (1991a‫ ޔ‬1991b)ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ฎ ౖ ⺆ ߩ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ኻ ⽎ ߣ ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᛒߞߡ޿ࠆᷙ⒳⺆ߪ๺⺆ߣṽ⺆߇⚿วߒߚ߽ߩߢ ޽ࠆ‫ᧄߪࠇߎޕ‬Ⓜߩ⎇ⓥኻ⽎‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߪ㆑߁⺆ ⒳ ߩ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ৻ ޕ‬ᣇ ‫ ⊕ ޔ‬੗ (1989)ߪ ‫ ⃻ ޔ‬ઍ ⺆ ߩ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩ⺆᭴ᚑ߿๺⺆࡮ṽ⺆࡮ᄖ᧪⺆ߩᒻᘒ⚛೎ߩ․ᓽߦ㑐ߒߡಽᨆߒ ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⎇ߪߦࠇߘޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ⓥኻ⽎ࠍ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ߣߒߡ޿ ࠆ 3 ߽ ߩ ߩ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ઃ ㍳⾗ ᢱ ߦ ߪ ⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ (଀ ߃ ߫ ‫࡯ ࡁ ޔ ▤ ࡄ ࡦ ࡝ ޔ‬ ࡌ ࡞ ⾨ ‫ ࠳ ࡔ ࡠ ࠼ ࡦ ࠕޔ‬㌁ ᴡ ‫ ࠢ ࠶ ࠾ ࠻ ࠰ ࠗ ࠕޔ‬㘶 ᢱ ߥ ߤ )߽ ᄙ ᢙ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ‫ࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ‬⠨߃ࠆߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᷙ⒳⺆߇⠡⸶⺆ߥߩ߆‫߽ߣࠇߘޔ‬๺⵾ ⺆ߥߩ߆ߣ޿߁ᧄ⾰ߩ໧㗴ࠍ⠨߃ߥ߆ߞߚࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬೨ ߦ߽ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߪ୫↪‫ޔ‬⠡⸶‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ㅧ⺆‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ⺆᭴ᚑߩ໧㗴ࠍᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬඙೎ߖߕߦหߓ ߊขࠅᛒߞߡߒ߹߁ߣ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆⃻⽎ߩᧄ⾰ࠍ⷗ㅏߒߡߒ߹߁ ᕟࠇ߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘ ࠇ ߆ ࠄ ‫ ޔ‬ේ ㊁ (1992)ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ਥ ߦ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ᢎ ⢒ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ߆ ࠄ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ෸ ߮ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߦߟ޿ߡߩಽᨆߢ޽ࠅ‫⺆ޔ‬᭴ᚑࠍಽᨆߔ ࠆᧄⓂߩ┙႐ߣߪ㆑߁‫ޕ‬ ╩ ⠪ ߪ ᨋ (2001)ߢ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ࠍ ฽ ߻ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ㅧ ⺆ ታ ᘒߩ⺞ᩏࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇๺⺆ᚑಽࠃࠅṽ⺆ᚑಽߩᣇߣ⚿ว. 3. ⊕ ੗ ( 1989)3 12 㗁 ߦ ‫ޔ‬ ᄖ᧪⺆ߩㅧ⺆ജࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ৻⇟᦭ലߥᣇᴺߪ๺⵾ᄖ᧪⺆ࠍ⺞ߴ ߡߺࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߣ ㅀ ߴ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬ᓟ ߩ ઃ ㍳⾗ ᢱ ߦ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ ‫ ߥ ߁ ࠃ ߩޠ ▤ ࡄ ࡦ ࡝ ޟ‬⠡ ⸶ ⺆ ߇ ޽ ߇ ߞ ߡ ޿ࠆ‫ࠍ଀ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᐢ⟵ߩ๺⵾⺆ߣߔࠆ⠨߃߽᦭ࠅᓧࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬⠡ ⸶⺆߽๺⵾⺆ߣߒߡ⠨߃ߡᅷᒰ߆ߤ߁߆‫⇼߿߿ޔ‬໧ߦᕁ߁‫ߩ⺆ߦ⃻ޕ‬ᒻᚑߩ࡞ ࡯࠻߇㆑߁ߎߣ߆ࠄ⠨߃ࠆߣ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߩࠃ߁ߦ⠡⸶⺆ߣ๺⵾⺆ࠍ඙೎ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬.

(7) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 169. ߒ߿ߔ޿ߣ޿߁⃻⽎߇ᬌ⸛ߢ߈ߚ‫ߩߘޔߦᦝޕ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇ߥߗṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ᣇ ߣ ⋧ ᕈ ߇ ࠃ ޿ ߩ ߆ ‫ ߁ ޿ ߣޔ‬ὐ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ‫ޔ‬ ‫⺆ޟ‬ᒻᚑߩන૏㧦 ࡟ࡌ࡞㗅ᐨߟߌ‫ⷰ߁޿ߣޠ‬ὐ߆ࠄ⺑᣿ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ᧄⓂߪ೨Ⓜߩ⎇ⓥࠍ〯߹߃ߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍኻ ⽎ ߣ ߒ ‫ޔ‬୘ ‫ ߩ ޘ‬ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߇ ⠡ ⸶ ⺆ ߆ ๺ ⵾ ⺆ ߆ ࠍ ඙ ೎ ߔ ࠆ ┙ ႐ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߈ ‫ޔ‬ ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍੑಽ㘃ߔࠆ‫⺆ޔߡߒߘޕ‬᭴ᚑߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯߆ࠄ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ ߩ ᭴ ᚑ ⷐ ⚛ (හ ߜ ‫ ޔ‬๺ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ‫ ޔ‬ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ‫ ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ )ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ಽ ᨆ ࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛⇣ห ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ‫ ߩ ߘޕ‬ᓟ ‫ޔ‬๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆࡮ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ᭴ ᚑ ⷐ ⚛ ߇ ߎ ߩ ੑ ⒳ 㘃 ߩ ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡߘࠇߙࠇߤߩࠃ߁ߥㅧ⺆ᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ ⸃᣿ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ⚕᏷೙㒢ߩߚ߼‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߪ߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ ๺⺆ᚑಽߣṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡߩಽᨆߛߌࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬਄ㅀ ߩ d ᄖ᧪⺆ห჻ߩ⚿วߦࠃࠆᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߣ߽૬ߖߡᲧセ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔ ߴ߈ߛߣ⠨߃ࠆ᡿‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߪഀᗲߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬. ੑ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏߦߟ޿ߡ ᄖ᧪⺆ࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߦᒰߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽ㊁ߢᵴ⊒ߥㅧ⺆ജࠍ⊒ើ ߒߡ޿ࠆᄖ᧪⺆ࠍࠃࠅ✂⟜⊛ߦ㓸߼ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ㄉᦠ‫ޔ‬㔀⹹‫ޔ‬ዊ⺑‫ޔ‬ ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝߥߤ߆ࠄ‫ࠆ޿ߡ߈↢ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩ↪଀ࠍ᏷ᐢߊណ㓸ߒߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ Ⓜߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߦ↪޿ߚ⾗ᢱ෸߮↪଀ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߦㅀߴࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ㄉᦠ㘃ߩ⾗ᢱߣߒߡ‫࡞ࡦࡖࠫޡ‬೎✬㓸 ᦨᣂࠞ࠲ࠞ࠽↪⺆ ‫ޠࠆ⷗߻⺒ޟ‬੐ౖ‫ߩߎޕߚ޿↪ࠍޢ‬ㄉᦠ߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬๺⵾⺆‫ߚߒ⸥ߣޠ‬ᷙ ⒳⺆෸߮ᄖ᧪⺆ห჻ߩᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆‫ޟߡߒߘޔ‬๺⵾⺆‫ߡߒ⸥ߪߣޠ‬ ޿ ߥ ޿ ߇ ‫ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ߩ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߽ ⠡ ⸶ ⺆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ࡇ ࠶ ࠢ ࠕ ࠶ ࡊ ߒ ߚ ‫ޕ‬ᰴ ߦ ‫ ⺞ޔ‬ᩏ ኻ ⽎ ߩ 㔀 ⹹ ↪ ଀ (ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߣ ⶄ ว ⺆ )ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ㅳ ೀ ⹹ ‫ ޡ‬AERA‫ ߩ ޢ‬2001 ᐕ 4 ᦬ ߆ ࠄ 2002 ᐕ 2 ᦬ ߹ ߢ ৻ ᐕ 㑆 ߩ஧ᢙ᦬ಽߩᏎ㗡⸥੐߆ࠄᜪ޿਄ߍߚ‫ޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬ዊ⺑‫ޡ‬౻ߩࠝࡍ ࡜ ‫ ⺃ ߩ ߒ ࠄ ߇ ࠎ ߣ ޡޢ ࡓ ࠛ ࠗ ࠢ ࡟ ޡޢ‬ᖺ ‫ ⸘ ߣ ޢ‬3 ౠ ‫ ̉ ޡ ߡ ߒ ߘ ޔ‬01 ᐕ.

(8) 170 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. 㐓ઍ⴫ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㓸‫߽ࠄ߆ޢ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ห჻ߩ ⶄว⺆ߩ⺆଀ࠍណߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᧄⓂߩਥᣦߦᾖࠄߒ‫ߕ߹ޔ‬ᷙ⒳⺆ߛߌࠍ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ߣߒߡಽᨆࠍⴕ ߁‫ޕ‬⠨ኤߩଢቱ߆ࠄ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ଀ࠍኻ⽎ᄖߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ԙ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ో ૕ ߇ ࿕ ᦭ ฬ ⹖ ߩ ႐ ว ߪ ኻ ⽎ ߆ ࠄ 㒰 ߊ ‫ ޟޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ ޕ‬ᚑ ↰ ࠛ ࠢ ࠬ ࡊ ࡟ ࠬ ‫ ࡦ ࡄ ࠗ ࠨ ޟޠ‬ᴒ ‫ ࡦ ࠞ ࡝ ࡍ ޟޠ‬ଢ ‫߭ ࡯ ࡄ ࡯ ࠬ ޟޠ‬ ߆ ࠅ ‫ޕ ߤ ߥޠ‬ૉ ߒ ‫ޔ‬࿕ ᦭ ฬ ⹖ ᚑ ಽ (ੱ ฬ ‫ޔ‬࿾ ฬ ߥ ߤ )ࠍ ฽ ߻ ߇ ‫ޔ‬ ⶄ ว ⺆ ో ૕ ߇ ࿕ ᦭ ฬ ⹖ ߢ ߪ ߥ ޿ ߽ ߩ ߪ ⺞ ᩏ ↪ ଀ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ‫߃ ଀ޕ‬ ߫‫ޔ‬ ‫࡯ࡠࡦࡕޟ‬ലᨐ‫ޠ‬ ‫ޠ⽎⃻ࡦࠤ࠶ࡠࡉޟ‬ ‫ࠫ࠶࠾࡝ࠣޟ‬ᮡḰᤨ‫ޠ‬ ߥߤ‫ޕ‬ ԙ ᧄ Ⓜ ߪ ‫ޔ‬๺ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ෸ ߮ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ⚿ ว ߒ ߚ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ‫ ߩ ࠄ ࠇ ߘޔ‬ᚑ ಽ ߇ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ㅧ ⺆ ᓎ ഀ ࠍ ᨐ ߚ ߔ ߩ ߆ ࠍ ⠨ ኤ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߼ ߩ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬හ ߜ ‫ޔ‬න ৻ ⺆ ⒳ ᚑ ಽ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ๺ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ‫ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ࠍ ฽ ߻ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ᕈ ‫ޔ‬ㅧ ⺆ ᓎ ഀ ߥ ߤ ࠍ ⺰ ߓ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ਥ ߥ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߢ ߎ ߘޕ‬ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߇ ᦝ ߦ ߶ ߆ ߩ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ⚿ ว ߒ ߚ ߽ ߩ ‫ ޟ߫ ߃ ଀ޔ‬ឃ ࠟ ࠬ ⷙ ೙ ‫ ޟޠ‬᳓ ਄ ࡃ ࠗ ࠢ ଢ ‫ ޟޠ‬శ ࡈ ࠔ ࠗ ࡃ ࡯ ㅢ ା ‫ ޟޠ‬⍴ ࡄ ࡦ ᆫ ‫ߤ ߥ ޠ‬ ߩ ‫ޔ‬㜞 ᰴ ⚿ ว ߩ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ໧ 㗴 ߪ ‫ ߚ ߹ޔ‬೎ ߩ ᯏ ળ ߢ ⺰ ㅀߔࠆߩߢ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߪ⋭޿ߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ࠍ 㒰 ޿ ߡ ᱷ ߞ ߚ ↪ ଀ ᢙ ߪ ‫ ⺆ ࠅ ߥ ⇣ޔ‬ᢙ ߢ 1204 ⺆ ޽ ࠅ ‫߁ ߩ ߘޔ‬ ߜ ⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߪ 328 ⺆ ‫ ޔ‬๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߪ 876 ⺆ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޔ ߚ ߹ ޕ‬ᑧ ߴ ⺆ ᢙ ߪ 1331 ⺆ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ߜ ߁ ߩ ߘޔ‬⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߪ 335 ⺆ ‫ޔ‬๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߪ 996 ⺆ ޽ ߞ ߚ ‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅‫ޔ‬୘‫ⶄߩޘ‬ว⺆߇⥃ᤨ৻⺆߆ߤ߁߆ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹺ቯߪᧄⓂߩਥ ᣦߢߪߥ޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬໧㗴ᄖߣߔࠆ‫੹ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿁ߪਥߦੑᰴ‫ޔ‬ਃᰴ⚿ว ߩᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬႐วߦࠃߞߡ྾ᰴએ਄⚿วߩᷙ⒳⺆ ߽ෳ⠨଀ߣߒߡ౉ࠇࠆߎߣߦߒߚ‫ᧄޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬ⓂߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ⺆ၮ ߣធㄉࠍ඙೎ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ߥ޿ߩߢ‫ߦ․ߪߢߎߎޔ‬඙೎ߒߥ޿ߎߣ߽ ᢿߞߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ↪଀෼㓸ߩේೣߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬ណ㓸ߒߚᷙ⒳⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ.

(9) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 171. ߹ߕ⠡⸶⺆߆๺⵾⺆߆ࠍಽ㘃ߔࠆ‫ࠆ޽ߦ⃻ޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ᄖ᧪⺆߇๺ ⵾ߢ޽ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪ◲නߦ⹺ቯߢ߈ࠆ໧㗴ߢߪߥ޿‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬ଢቱ ߩ ߚ ߼ ‫ ᧄޔ‬Ⓜ ߢ ߪ‫ ࡞ ࡦ ࡖ ࠫ ޡ‬೎ ✬ 㓸 ᦨ ᣂ ࠞ ࠲ ࠞ ࠽ ↪ ⺆‫ޠ ࠆ ⷗ ߻ ⺒ ޟ‬ ੐ ౖ ‫ ޡ ߣ ޢ‬ၮ ᧄ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ㄉ ౖ ‫ ߦ ޢ‬ၮ ߠ ߈ ‫ ್ ޔ‬ᢿ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦ ߔ ࠆ 4‫ޕ‬ ੑಽ㘃ߒߚᷙ⒳⺆ߩ↪଀ߦߟ޿ߡ‫⺆ޔ‬᭴ᚑߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄߘߩ᭴ ᚑⷐ⚛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤࠍⴕ߁‫ޔߕ߹ޕ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߦߟ޿ ߡ ‫ ⚿ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ว ᒻ ᘒ (න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߆ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ߆ )ߣ ⚿ ว ૏ ⟎ ࠍ ⺞ ߴ ‫ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ ᓟ ‫ޔ‬๺ 㨯ṽ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ᭽ ⋧ ‫ޔ‬ㅧ ⺆ ജ ࠍ ᣿ ࠄ ߆ ߦ ߒ ߚ ޿ ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߣṽ⺆ᚑಽ߇⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅ ޿ߡߘࠇߙࠇ޿߆ߥࠆ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛⇣หࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆‫߁ࠃߩߤߚ߹ޔ‬ ߥㅧ⺆ᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍⓥ᣿ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ᰴ‫ޔ‬೨ㅀߒߚᣇᴺߢ‫ޔ‬㓸߼ߚ⺆଀ࠍ‫ߕ߹ޔ‬⠡⸶⺆߆๺⵾⺆߆ߢಽ 㘃 ߔ ࠆ ‫ ߩ ߎޔ ࠄ ߆ ࠇ ߘޕ‬ੑ ⒳ 㘃 ߩ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ‫ ߩ ߘޔ‬๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ߇ߘࠇߙࠇⶄว⺆ߩߤߩ૏⟎ߦ޽ࠆ߆ߦࠃߞߡಽ㘃ߒߡ␜ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ ᰴߩ⴫ ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⴫ ⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߣ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ๺ ⺆ ࡮ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ૏ ⟎ ೎ ⺆ ᢙ ߣ Ყ ₸ . . ฆ圴坔፿䀀 ࢏坃፿䀀. . ࡉ፿‫ګ‬։ ዧ፿‫ګ‬։ ࡉ፿‫ګ‬։ ዧ፿‫ګ‬։. ៬儞෗ጟ፿ ছႈ ৵ႈ ˉʻ ˄ˁ ˋʸʼ ˊʻ ˅ˁ ˄ʸʼ ˆ˄ʻ ˌˁ ˈʸʼ ˅ˋˇʻ ˋˉˁ ˉʸʼ ˉʻ ˄ˁ ˋʸʼ ˊʻ ˅ˁ ˄ʸʼ ˆˆʻ ˌˁ ˌʸʼ ˅ˋˌʻ ˋˉˁ ˆʸʼ. ࡉ፹෗ጟ፿ ছႈ ৵ႈ ˊˊʻ ˋˁ ˋʸʼ ˊˋʻ ˋˁ ˌʸʼ ˆ˄˅ʻ ˆˈˁ ˉʸʼ ˇ˃ˌʻ ˇˉˁ ˊʸʼ ˌˌʻ ˌˁ ˌʸʼ ˄˃ˇʻ ˄˃ˁ ˇʸʼ ˆˈ˄ʻ ˆˈˁ ˅ʸʼ ˇˇ˅ʻ ˇˇˁ ˇʸʼ. ᵈ 㧔㧕ౝߩ㧑ᢙߪߘࠇߙࠇ⠡⸶⺆ో૕‫ޔ‬๺⵾⺆ో૕ߩ⇣ߥࠅ⺆ᢙ‫ޔ‬ᑧߴ⺆ᢙߦኻ ߔࠆᲧ₸. એਅ‫⴫ߩߎޔ‬㧝ࠍෳᾖߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ ๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ᯏ ⢻ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ߺ ߚ ޿ ‫ޕ‬. 4. ߎ ߩ ੑ ౠ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ㄉ ౖ ߦ ⷗ ಴ ߒ ⺆ ߩ ᓟ ߦ‫ ޟ‬๺ ⵾ ⺆ ‫ޠ‬ ‫ ޟ‬๺ ⵾ ‫ߩ ߽ ࠆ ޽ ߡ ߒ ⸥ ߣޠ‬ ࠍ ⸒ ߁ ߹ ߢ ߽ ߥ ߊ ๺ ⵾ ⺆ ߣ ⹺ ቯ ߒ ‫ޔ‬૗ ߽ ⸥ ߒ ߡ ޿ ߥ ޿ ߽ ߩ ߪ ⠡ ⸶ ⺆ ߣ ್ ᢿ ߔ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ㄉౖߦタߞߡ޿ߥ޿႐วߪ‫⧷ޔ‬๺ㄉౖߥߤࠍෳᾖߒߡ್ᢿߔࠆ‫ޕ‬.

(10) 172 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ਃ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ႐ว ߎߩ▵ߢߪ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߐࠇࠆ⺆଀ߦߟ޿ߡ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ⺆⒳೎ߦ ⺆᭴ᚑߩᬌ⸛ࠍ⹜ߺࠆ‫ޕ‬. ৻ ⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ๺ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ╩ ⠪ ߪ ᜕ Ⓜ (2001)ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ๺ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߪ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߦ Ყ ߴ ‫ ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆജ‫ޔ‬හߜㅧ⺆ജ߇߆ߥࠅᒙ޿ߣᜰ៰ߒߚ ߎ ߣ ߇ ޽ ࠆ ߇ 5 ‫ ੹ ࠍ ߣ ߎ ߩ ߘޔ‬࿁ ߩ ⺞ ᩏ ߢ ߽ ౣ ߮ ⏕ ⹺ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ߚ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃࠆ߆ࠊࠄ߆ ⴫ޕ‬๺⺆߇ᄖ᧪⺆ߣ⚿วߒߡ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ ૞ࠅ਄ߍߚ଀ߪ‫ࠅߥ߆ޔ‬ዋߥߊ‫ޔ‬೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߽ߩߣᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ ߔ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ࠍ ૬ ߖ ߡ ߽ ௖ ߆ ଀ ߒ ߆ ߥ ޿ ‫ޔ ࠅ ߹ ߟޕ‬⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ๺⺆ᚑಽߪᱴߤㅧ⺆ജࠍᜬߚߥ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅ↪଀ࠍ᜼ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬శ࠺ࠖࠬࠢ‫ࠦࡒࠨ࡞ࡃޟ ޠ‬㈶‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬శ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ‫ࠬࡠࠢޟ ޠ‬໡޿‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬శࡈࠔࠗࡃ࡯‫࡯ࡑࡦࡂޟ ޠ‬ᛩߍ‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬ᄁࠅࠝࡍ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫࡯࠳ࠗࠨࡦࠗޟ ޠ‬ขᒁ‫ޠ‬ ‫ࠬࠢ࠶࠺ࡦࠗޟ ޠࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࡟ࡍࠝ޿⾈ޟ‬ขᒁ‫ޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬వ‛ࠬࡊ࡟࠶࠼‫ࡦ࡚ࠪࡊࠝޟ ޠ‬ขᒁ‫ޠ‬ ‫ࡊ࠶ࡢࠬޟ‬ขᒁ‫ޠ‬ ᒻᘒ਄‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽ߇೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߆‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߆ߣ ޿߁㕙ߢߪ޽߹ࠅᄌࠊࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ૉߒ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽ߇න⚐⺆ၮ߆߽ߒߊ ߪ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ߆ ߣ ޿ ߁ ὐ ߢ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ శ ‫ ޔ‬ᄁ ࠅ ‫ ޔ‬㈶ ‫ ޔ‬ᛩ ߍ ߥ ߤ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ᢙ ଀ ߇ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ 㨬వ ‛ 㨪㨭㨬㨪 ข ᒁ 㨭 ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㅧ ⺆ ᢙ ଀ ࠃ ࠅ ߿ ߿ ᄙ ޿ ߎ ߣ ߇ ⷗ ߡ ߣ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ ৻ ᣇ ‫ ߩ ࠄ ࠇ ߎޔ‬๺ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ᗧ ๧ ಽ ㊁ ࠍ ⷗ ߡ ߺ ࠆ ߣ ‫ޔ‬㨬ᄁ ࠅ 㨪㨭㨬㨪 ໡ ޿ 㨭ߥ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ᄁ ⾈㑐 ଥ ↪ ⺆ ߇ ଀ ߩ ߁ ߜ ଀ ޽ ࠆ ߩ ߇ ․ ᓽ ⊛ ߢ. 5. ᨋ 㗁 ࠍ ෳ ᾖ ‫ ޕ‬ ৻ ୘ ߩ ߺ ߩ ⺆ ၮ ߢ ㅧ ⺆ ߦ ෳ ട ߔ ࠆ ႐ ว ࠍ න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߣ ⸒ ޿ ‫ ৻ ߩ ઁ ޔ‬න ૏ ߩ ⺆ ၮ ߣ ⚿ ว ߒ ߡ ߆ ࠄ ‫ޔ‬ౣ ߮ ㅧ ⺆ ᯏ ⢻ ࠍ ⊒ ើ ߔ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ࠍ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ߣ ⸒ ߁ ‫ޕ‬㊁ ᧛ 㗁ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬. 6.

(11) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 173. ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬. ੑ ⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ . ⴫ ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽ߇ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ⚿วߒ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳. ⺆ ࠍ ᭴ ᚑ ߔ ࠆ ႐ ว ‫ ޔ‬ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߇ ‫ ߣ ଀ ޔ‬࿶ ୟ ⊛ ߦ ᄙ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬හߜ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽߪᓟ㗄ⷐ ⚛ߣߒߡ೨㗄ߩᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ⚿วߔࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬ㅧ⺆ജࠍᄢ߈ߊ⊒ើߒ ߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦝߦ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽ߇ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ⚿วߒߡ޿ࠆ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ‫ߩߘޔ‬ ⚿ว૏⟎೎෸߮᭴ᚑࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ೎ߦࠃࠅ⹦ߒߊ⺞ߴߡߺࠆߣ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ ᨐߪ⴫ ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ . ⴫ ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆṽ⺆࡮ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߩ⚿วࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ೎⺆ᢙߣᲧ₸. ዧ፿‫ګ‬։圖ছႈ圵 ฆ圴坔䀀 ࢏坃䀀. ዧ፿‫ګ‬։圖৵ႈ圵 ฆ圴坔䀀 ࢏坃䀀. ዧЀ؆. ˅ʻ ˃ˁ ˉʸʼ. ˅ʻ ˃ˁ ˉʸʼ. ؆Ѐዧ. ˋˈʻ ˅ˊʸʼ. ˋˉʻ ˅ˉˁ ˉʸʼ. ዧዧʾ؆. ˅˅ʻ ˊˁ ˃ʸʼ. ˅ˇʻ ˊˁ ˇʸʼ. ؆Ѐዧዧ. ˄ˉˆʻ ˈ˄ˁ ˊʸʼ. ˄ˉˋʻ ˈ˅ˁ ˃ʸʼ. ዧዧʾ؆؆. ˇʻ ˄ˁ ˆʸʼ. ˇʻ ˄ˁ ˅ʸʼ. ؆؆ʾዧዧ. ˄ˊʻ ˈˁ ˇʸʼ. ˄ˊʻ ˈˁ ˆʸʼ. ዧዧዧʾ؆. ˆʻ ˄ʸʼ. ˆʻ ˃ˁ ˌʸʼ. ؆ʾዧዧዧ. ˄ˌʻ ˉˁ ˃ʸʼ. ˄ˌʻ ˈˁ ˌʸʼ. ᵈ 㧔㧕ౝߩ㧑ᢙߪ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽߣᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇⚿วߒߚ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ో૕ߩ⇣ߥ ࠅ⺆ᢙ‫ޔ‬ᑧߴ⺆ᢙߦኻߔࠆᲧ₸. ⴫ ߦ␜ߒߡ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽ߇ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣⶄวߒߡ⠡⸶ ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ૞ࠅ਄ߍߚࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߩਛߢᦨ߽ᄙ޿ߩߪੑන૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว ⺆ ၮ ߇ ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ =ᄖ ṽ ṽ ?ߣ ޿ ߁ ⚵ ߺ ว ࠊ ߖ ߢ ‫ޔ‬⠡ ⸶ ⺆ ో ૕ ߩ ⚂ඨಽࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫⚿ߦ․ޕ‬วᐲᢙ߇㜞޿଀ࠍ޿ߊߟ߆᜼ߍࠆߣ‫ޔ‬. 7. ⴫ ߩ ‫ ޟ‬ṽ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᄖ ‫ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߘ ߪ ߣ ޠ‬ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ‫ ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ৻ න ૏ ߩ න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߢ ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ṽṽ‫ޠ‬ ‫ ޟ‬ᄖ ᄖ ‫ ߪ ߣޠ‬ੑ න ૏ ߩ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ‫ޔ‬ ‫ ޟ‬ṽ ṽ ṽ ‫ ߪޠ‬ਃ න ૏ ߩ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ߁ ⸒ ߢ ߎ ߎ ޕ‬න ૏ ߣ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬㊁ ᧛ 㗁 ߦ ㅀ ߴ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ᦨ ޟ‬ዊ න ૏ ‫ߩ ޠ‬ ߎߣߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ‫ ⃻ ޟ‬ઍ ⺆ ߢ ߪ ߘ ࠇ એ ਄ ߦ ಽ ഀ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ߥ ޿ ⸒ ⺆ න ૏ ‫ޕ ࠆ ޽ ߢޠ‬ ᧄ Ⓜ એ ਅ ห ᭽ ‫ ╙ޕ‬྾ ┨ ߩ‫ ޟ‬๺ ‫ ৻ ߪ ߣޠ‬න ૏ ߩ ๺ ⺆⺆ ၮ ‫ ޟޔ‬๺ ๺ ‫ ߪ ߣޠ‬ੑ න ૏ ߩ ๺ ⺆⺆ၮߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊁᧛᳁ߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ዊන૏߇޽ࠆ᧦ઙߩ߽ߣߢ৻࿁⚿วߒߚ߽ ߩ ࠍ ‫ ޟ‬Ǫ න ૏ ‫ ᧄ ޔ ߇ ࠆ ߔ ߣ ޠ‬Ⓜ ߢ ߪ ᦨ ዊ න ૏ ߩ ᭎ ᔨ ߛ ߌ ࠍ ណ ᛯ ߒ ߡ ‫ ޟޔ‬Ǫ න ૏ ‫ޠ‬ ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߥ޿ߎߣࠍᢿߞߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬.

(12) 174 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪 ⸒ ⺆ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ޠ ⺆ ⸒ ࡞ ࡜ ࡘ ࠴ ࠽ ޟޠ ⺆ ⸒ ࡯ ࠲ ࡯ ࡘ ࡇ ࡦ ࠦ ޟ‬ ‫ ̖ ޠ ⺆ ⸒ ࡦ ࠪ ࡑ ޟޠ ⺆ ⸒ ࡓ ࡜ ࠣ ࡠ ࡊ ޟ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪 ⃻ ⽎ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ޠ ⽎ ⃻ ࡁ ࡒ ࠼ ޟޠ ⽎ ⃻ ࡠ ࠢ ࠝ ޟޠ ⽎ ⃻ ࠣ ࡦ ࠫ ࡯ ࠛ ޟ‬ ‫̖ޠ⽎⃻࡞ࡉࡃޟ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪 ല ᨐ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ࡦ ࡜ ࡔ ࡯ ࡉ ޟ‬ല ᨐ ‫ ࡯ ࠫ ࠽ ࠪ ޟޠ‬ല ᨐ ‫ ࡞ ࠹ ࠢ ࠞ ޟޠ‬ല ᨐ ‫ ࠻ ࡦ ࡔ ࠬ ࡦ ࠙ ࠽ ࠕ ޟޠ‬ല ᨐ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪 ῜ ᒢ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ῜ ࠻ ࡯ ࡑ ࠬ ޟ‬ᒢ ‫ ῜ ࠢ ࠶ ࠴ ࠬ ࡜ ࡊ ޟޠ‬ᒢ ‫ ࡓ ࠙ ࠴ ࡝ ޟޠ‬ ῜ ᒢ ‫ ῜ ࡯ ࠲ ࠬ ࡜ ࠢ ޟޠ‬ᒢ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪 ᣇ ᑼ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ࠣ ࡦ ࡝ ࡯ ࠪ ޟ‬ᣇ ᑼ ‫ ࡦ ࡑ ࡈ ࡎ ޟޠ‬ᣇ ᑼ ‫ ࠗ ࡜ ࠢ ࡞ ࡃ ޟޠ‬ ࡦ ᣇ ᑼ ‫ ࡯ ࡞ ࠬ ࠬ ࡦ ࡢ ޟޠ‬ᣇ ᑼ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ৻ᣇ‫ߩߘޔ‬ㅒߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ‫ޔ‬හߜ‫ޔ‬ੑන૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮ߇೨㗄 ߦ ᧪ ߡ ‫ ৻ ޔ‬න ૏ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆⺆ ၮ ߣ ⚵ ߺ ว ࠊ ߐ ߞ ߚ =ṽ ṽ ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ‫ޔ‬ ଀ ߃ ߫ ‫ ޟ‬Ꮌ ⥶ ࡒ ࠨ ࠗ ࡞ ‫ ޟޠ‬㔚 ሶ ࡑ ࡀ ࡯ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᶧ ᥏ ࠹ ࡟ ࡆ ‫ ⏛ ޟޠ‬᳇ ࠹ ࡯ ࡊ ‫ޠ‬ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ߽ ߩ ߪ ޽ ߹ ࠅ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ߇ ߥ ߊ ‫ޔ ࠅ ߹ ߟ ޕ ࠆ ࠇ ࠄ ⷗ ߌ ߛ ଀ ޔ‬ ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ੑන૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߪ೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆࠃࠅ ߽ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆᣇ߇ߪࠆ߆ߦㅧ⺆ജࠍ⊒ើߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬ ࠇߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆୃ㘼㒢ቯ㑐ଥ߆ࠄ⺑᣿ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ ߈ࠆ‫৻ޔߦࠆߔⷐޕ‬න૏ߩᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮߣੑන૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮ߇ᷙ ⒳⺆ߦ⚿߮ߟߊ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮ߇‫ޔ‬෩ኒߥᗧ๧ࠍ஻߃ߡ޿ࠆ቟ቯ ߒߚ⺆ᒻߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߩ೨ߦ᧪ߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮࠍᦝߦୃ㘼㒢ቯߒ߿ߔ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߣߎࠈߢ‫ޔ‬ᰴߪ৻න૏ߩṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮߣᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣߩ⚵ߺวࠊ ߖ ࠍ ⷗ ߡ ߺ ࠃ ߁ ‫ ߩ ߎ ޕ‬႐ ว ‫ ࠅ ߪ ߿ ޔ‬ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ =ᄖ ṽ ?ߩ ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߩ ᣇ ߇ ᄙ ߊ ߥ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ৻ޔ ߽ ߆ ߒޕ‬න ૏ ߩ ṽ ⺆ න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߇ ೨ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ =ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߪ ↢ ↥ ജ ࠍ ᱴ ߤ ᜬ ߚ ߥ ޿ ߎ ߣ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ‫ ޔ‬ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ = ᄖ ṽ ? ߩ ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߪ ⠡ ⸶ ⺆ ో ૕ ߩ ᒝ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ₸ ࠍ භ ߼ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߪ ࠇ ߎޕ‬਄ ߦ ⷗ ߚ =ṽ ṽ ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ࠃ ࠅ ߽ ᄙ ߊ ‫=ޔ‬ᄖ ṽ ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߦ ᰴ ޿ ߢ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ࠍ ᦭ ߔ ࠆ ੑ ⇟ ⋡ ߩ᭴ᚑࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦᵈᗧߐࠇߚ޿‫⚿ߦ․ޕ‬วᐲᢙ߇㜞޿଀.

(13) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 175. ࠍ޿ߊߟ߆᜼ߍࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪㉄ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ̖ ޠ ㉄ ࡞ ࡯ ࡁ ࡝ ޟޠ ㉄ ࡞ ࠴ ࡝ ࠨ ޟޠ ㉄ ࡁ ࡒ ࠕ ޟ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪 ೙ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ࠻ ࡈ ࡜ ࠼ ޟ‬೙ ‫ ࠲ ࡯ ࠝ ࠢ ޟޠ‬೙ ‫ ࠻ ࡯ ࡠ ࡈ ޟޠ‬೙ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪 ∝ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ̖ ޠ ∝ ࡑ ࠭ ࡜ ࡊ ࠰ ࠠ ࠻ ޟޠ ∝ ࠢ ࠶ ࠴ ޟ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪 ∛ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ̖ ޠ ∛ ࡦ ࠰ ࡯ ࠤ ޟޠ ∛ ࡯ ࡑ ࠗ ࡂ ࠷ ࡞ ࠕ ޟ‬ ‫ ޟ‬㨪 ᴺ ‫ޠ‬㧦‫ ࠣ ࡦ ࡝ ࡌ ࡜ ޟ‬ᴺ ‫ ࠗ ࠔ ࡈ ࡞ ࠺ ޟޠ‬ᴺ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ߎ ߩ = ᄖ ṽ ? ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߩ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߪ ޿ ߕ ࠇ ߽ ⚿ ว ኾ ↪ ߩ න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߢ ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߩᓟࠈߦઃ޿ߡ㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇․ ᓽ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ߫ࠊ⸒ޕ‬㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔ⚿วኾ↪ߩṽ⺆න⚐ ⺆ၮ߇⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮࠃࠅ߽ᵴ⊒ ߥㅧ⺆ᯏ⢻ࠍ⊒ើߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᗧ๧߇߿߿ࠊ߆ࠅߦ ߊ޿ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߡ⠡⸶ߔࠆ㓙ߦ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔ⚿ วኾ↪ߩන⚐⺆ၮࠍᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߩᓟߦߟߌࠆߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩᗧ๧ ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣߦ߆ߥࠅ᦭ല⊛ߛࠈ߁ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ⴫ ߦ‫ߦઁޔ‬ੑන૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߣੑන૏ߩᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߣ ߩ ⚵ ߺ ว ࠊ ߖ =ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ᄖ ?࡮ =ᄖ ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ? ‫ ߚ ߹ ޔ‬ਃ න ૏ ߩ ṽ ⺆ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ߣ ৻ න ૏ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߣ ߩ ⚵ ߺ ว ࠊ ߖ 㨬 ṽ ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ 㨭 ࡮ 㨬ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ṽ 㨭 ߽ ᦠ ޿ ߡ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ ߽ ࠄ ࠇ ߎޔ‬ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ߽ߩߪ߹ߛዋߒ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽ߇೨㗄ߦ┙ߟ႐วߪᱴ ߤߥ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޔߪߢߎߎޕ‬ṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮ߇ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆࡄ࠲࡯ ࡦߩౕ૕଀ࠍ޿ߊߟ߆᜼ߍࠆߎߣߦߣߤ߼ߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ 㧖 =ᄖ ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬ࠣ ࡜ ࠙ ࡦ ࠼ ࠞ ࡃ ࡯ ᬀ ‛ 㨭‫ ࡦ ࠦ ࡝ ࠪ ޟ‬㨯ࠞ ࡯ ࡃ ࠗ ࠼ ❫ ⛽ ‫ ࠜ ࡈ ޟޠ‬ ࡠ ࡯ ࠕ ࠶ ࡊ ⺞ ᩏ ‫ ࡯ ࡠ ࡈ ࡯ ࡀ ࡑ ޟޠ‬ಽ ᨆ ‫ ࠶ ࠤ ࠬ ࡃ ࠻ ࠶ ࠤ ࡯ ࡑ ޟޠ‬ ࠻ ᣇ ᑼ ‫ ࡦ ࠝ ࠼ ࠕ ޟޠ ⽎ ⃻ ࡞ ࡯ ࡎ ࡦ ࠱ ࠝ ޟޠ‬㊄ ೑ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㧖㨬ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ṽ 㨭ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬ࡑ ࠢ ࡠ ⚻ ᷣ ቇ 㨭‫ ࡯ ࠩ ࡯ ࡟ ޟ‬ౝ ⷞ ㏜ ‫ ∝ ࡦ ࠙ ࠳ ޟޠ‬୥ ⟲ ‫ ࡝ ࠞ ࡞ ࠕ ޟޠ‬ ੇ㔚ᳰ‫ޠ‬ ‫∝ࡘࠪ࠶࡜ࠢޟ‬୥⟲‫ޠ‬ ‫⹜ࠬࡑ࠻࡝ޟ‬㛎⚕‫ޠ‬ ‫ࠬࡦ࠮࠴ࡦࠕޟ‬ ᴦ≮ᴺ‫̖ޠ‬ ߎߎߢએ਄ㅀߴߚ⺰ὐߦ㑐ߔࠆవⴕ⎇ⓥࠍᬌ⸛ߒ‫ޔ‬Ყセߒߡߺࠃ.

(14) 176 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ߁‫ޕ‬ ᫪ ጟ ߢ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬਄ ⸥ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ⚿ ว ኾ ↪ ߩ ṽ ⺆ න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߩ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ‫ޟ‬Ḱធㄉ‫ޟߩߎޔ޿⸒ߣޠ‬Ḱធㄉ‫ࠆࠃߦޠ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣߩᵷ↢⺆߇ ᄙ ߊ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ ߦ ߢ ߔ ߣޔ‬ᜰ ៰ ߒ ‫ ߩ ߘޔ‬ᓟ ‫ޔ‬㨬ੑ ሼ ṽ ⺆ ߣ ߩ ⚿ ว ‫߹ ߟޔ‬ ࠅ ว ᚑ ⺆ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ‫ ̖ ޔ ߢ ࠎ ⋓ ߣ ߞ ߽ ޔ‬㨭ߣ ޿ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߇ ㅀ ߴ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ‫ߩ⺰ᧄޕ‬ㅧ⺆ታᘒߩ⠨ኤࠍㅢߒߡߺߚ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⚿ޔ‬ วኾ↪ߩṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮ߇ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᄢ޿ߦㅧ⺆ᯏ⢻ࠍ௛ ߆ ߖ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ ᫪ ጟ 㧔㧕 ߩ ⺰ ߓ ߚ ㅢ ࠅ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޔ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޕ‬ੑ න ૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߩㅧ⺆ᕈߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߩ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ⠨ኤߢ ߪ‫ޔ‬೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆੑන૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߣᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣߩ⚵ߺว ࠊ ߖ㧔 =ṽ ṽ ᄖ ?㧕ߪ ‫ޔ‬ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ ⚿ ว ኾ ↪ ߩ න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߣ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ߩ ⚵ ߺ ว ࠊ ߖ =ᄖ ṽ ? ߶ ߤ‫ ߁ ޿ ߣޔ ޿ ߥ ߪ ߢޠ ࠎ ⋓ ޟ‬ㅧ ⺆ ታ ᘒ ߆ ࠄ ⠨ ߃ ࠆ ߣ ‫ ޔ‬᫪ ጟ ߩ ੑ ሼ ṽ ⺆ ߣ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߣ ߩ ว ᚑ ⺆ ߇ ‫߽ ޟ‬ ߞߣ⋓ࠎ‫⺰߁޿ߣޠ‬ㅀߪ޽߹ࠅ෩ኒߢߪߥ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߥ ߅ ‫ ⊕ ޔ‬੗ ߦ ߽ ‫ ޔ‬ṽ ⺆ ᒻ ᘒ ⚛ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ‫ ޔ‬ ੑሼߩ߽ߩߪᷙ⒳⺆ߩ೨㗄ߦߊࠆߎߣ߇ᄙߊ‫৻ޔ‬ሼߩ߽ߩߪ ᷙ⒳⺆ߩᓟ㗄ߦߊࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ̖̖ޕ‬ੑሼߩṽ⺆ߪߘࠇ⥄ ૕෩ኒߥᗧ๧ࠍ஻߃ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿ߩߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬೨ߦᦝߦୃ 㘼㒢ቯߩᒻᘒ⚛ࠍട߃ߡวᚑ⺆ࠍ૞ࠅ⴫⃻ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ዋߥ޿ ߩߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߣ ޿ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߇ ⺰ ߓ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ੹ޔ ߇ ࠈ ߎ ߣޕ‬࿁ ߩ ⺞ ᩏ ⚿ ᨐ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ੑ ሼ ṽ⺆߇ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ೨ߦ᧪ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ߣ޿߁⊕੗ߩਥᒛߣߪ෻ኻߢ޽ ࠅ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ੑሼṽ⺆ߩ೨ߦᦝߦୃ㘼㒢ቯߩⷐ⚛߇᧪ߡวᚑ⺆ࠍ૞ࠆ ᔅⷐ߇ߥ޿‫⊕߁޿ߣޔ‬੗ߩ⺰ὐ߽ਇㆡಾߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ߽ߩ߇ߚߞߡ ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ྾ ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ႐ว. 8 9. ᫪ ጟ 㨪㗁 ࠍ ෳ ᾖ ‫ ޕ‬ ⊕ ੗ 㗁 ࠍ ෳ ᾖ ‫ ޕ‬.

(15) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 177. ߎߩ▵ߢߪ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߐࠇࠆ⺆଀ߦߟ޿ߡ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩ⺆⒳೎ߦ ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛ߥᬌ⸛ࠍ⹜ߺࠆ‫ޕ‬. ৻ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ๺ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ⴫ ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽ߇ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ⚿วߒߚ๺⵾ߩ ᷙ⒳⺆ߪ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߩో૕ߢߪ޽߹ࠅᄙߊߥߊ‫ ޔ‬ഀࠅ⿷ࠄߕߢ޽ ࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬ว૏⟎೎ߦ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽ߇ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ଀߇೨㗄ߦ૏ ⟎ߔࠆ଀ࠃࠅ߿߿ᄙ޿߇‫ߤ߶ࠇߘޔ‬Ꮕߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᦝ ߦ ‫ ߩ ߘޔ‬๺ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ⚿ ว ߒ ߚ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩ⚿ว૏⟎೎෸߮᭴ᚑࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ೎ߦࠃࠅ⹦ߒߊ⷗ߡߺࠆߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ ⚿ᨐߪ⴫ ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⴫ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ๺ ⺆ ࡮ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ⚿ ว ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ೎ ⺆ ᢙ ߣ Ყ ₸ . ࡉ፿‫ګ‬։圖ছႈ圵. ࡉ፿‫ګ‬։圖৵ႈ圵. ฆ圴坔䀀. ࢏坃䀀. ฆ圴坔䀀. ࢏坃䀀. ࡉЀ؆. ˇˉʻ ˅ˌˁ ˊʸʼ. ˉˊʻ ˆˆʸʼ. ؆Ѐࡉ. ˉˌʻ ˇˇˁ ˈʸʼ. ˌˇʻ ˇˉˁ ˆʸʼ. ࡉࡉʾ؆. ˆ˃ʻ ˄ˌˁ ˇʸʼ ˆ˄ʻ ˄ˈˁ ˆʸʼ. ؆Ѐࡉࡉ. ˉʻ ˆˁ ˌʸʼ. ˊʻ ˆˁ ˇʸʼ. ؆؆ʾࡉ. ˅ʻ ˄ˁ ˆʸʼ. ˅ʻ ˄ˁ ˃ʸʼ. ؆؆ʾࡉࡉ. ˄ʻ ˃ˁ ˉʸʼ. ˄ʻ ˃ˁ ˈʸʼ. ࡉࡉࡉʾ؆. ˄ʻ ˃ˁ ˉʸʼ. ˄ʻ ˃ˁ ˈʸʼ. ᵈ 㧔㧕ౝߩ㧑ᢙߪ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߣᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇⚿วߒߚ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ో૕ߩ ⇣ߥࠅ⺆ᢙ‫ޔ‬ᑧߴ⺆ᢙߦኻߔࠆᲧ₸. ⴫ ߦ␜ߒߡ޽ࠆߣ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬๺⺆න⚐⺆ၮߣᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮߣߩ⚵ߺวࠊ ߖ ߇ ᦨ ߽ ᄙ ߊ ‫= ޔ‬๺ ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߣ =ᄖ ๺ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ࠍ ૬ ߖ ߡ ⚂ ഀ ࠅએ਄߽භ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬๺⺆ᚑಽ߇ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ ߦ⚿วߔࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬๺⺆ⶄว⺆ၮࠃࠅ߽๺⺆න⚐⺆ၮߩᣇ߇ㅧ⺆ജࠍ ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߣᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇⚿วߒߚ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߢᒝ޿ㅧ⺆ജ ࠍ⊒ើߒߡ޿ࠆ๺⺆න⚐⺆ၮࠍߘߩ⚿ว૏⟎߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬೨㗄ߦ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ࠃ ࠅ ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߩ ᣇ ߇ ᄙ ޿ ‫=ޔ ࠅ ߹ ߟޕ‬๺ ᄖ ? ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ࠃ ࠅ =ᄖ ๺ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߩ ᣇ ߇ ↢ ↥ ⊛ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ࠊ ߆ ࠆ ‫ߎޕ‬.

(16) 178 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ߩᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ๺⺆න⚐⺆ၮ߽㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔ߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿ࠃ߁ߢ޽ ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ଀߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖 =ᄖ ๺ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬㨪 ⦡ 㨭‫ ̖ ޠ ⦡ ࠫ ࡦ ࡟ ࠝ ޟޠ ⦡ ࡓ ࡯ ࡝ ࠢ ޟޠ ⦡ ࡯ ࡅ ࡯ ࠦ ޟ‬ 㨬㨪 ဳ 㨭‫ ̖ ޠ ဳ ࠢ ࡑ ࠞ ࠻ ޟޠ ဳ ࡞ ࡉ ࠲ ࡯ ࡐ ޟޠ ဳ ࡓ ࡯ ࠼ ޟ‬ 㨬㨪 ᆫ 㨭‫ ࠷ ࡯ ࠬ ޟ‬ᆫ ‫ ࠷ ࡦ ࡄ ޟޠ‬ᆫ ‫ ࠻ ࠶ ࡔ ࡞ ࡋ ޟޠ‬ᆫ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ▫ 㨭‫ ޠ ▫ ࡞ ࠢ ࠗ ࠨ ࡝ ޟޠ ▫ ࠴ ࠶ ࡑ ޟ‬ 㨬㨪 ⴼ 㨭‫ ޠ ⴼ ࡝ ࡐ ޟޠ ⴼ ࡞ ࡯ ࠾ ࡆ ޟ‬ 㨬㨪㗡㨭‫ ࡑ ࡯ ࡄ ޟ‬㗡 ‫ ࠼ ࡯ ࡑ ࡐ ޟޠ‬㗡 ‫ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ൕ ߼ 㨭‫ ࠢ ࠶ ࠽ ࠬ ޟ‬ൕ ߼ ‫ ࡊ ࡯ ࠰ ޟޠ‬ൕ ߼ ‫ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ᒛ ࠅ 㨭‫ ࠬ ࡜ ࠟ ޟ‬ᒛ ࠅ ‫ ࡞ ࠗ ࠲ ޟޠ‬ᒛ ࠅ ‫ ޠ‬ ߘࠇߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߽ߩߦߪዻᕈ⊛ߥⷐ⚛߇ᄙ޿ࠃ߁ߦ ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ 㧖 =๺ ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬⚕ 㨪㨭‫ ޠ ࡦ ࠠ ࡊ ࠽ ⚕ ޟޠ ࡊ ࠶ ࠦ ⚕ ޟ‬ 㨬⿒㨪㨭‫ ޠ ࡦ ࠗ ࡢ ⿒ ޟޠ ࠻ ࡦ ࡑ ⿒ ޟ‬ 㨬㤥 ࠬ ࠻ ࠶ ࠠ ࡦ ࠣ 㨭‫ ޟޠ ࠠ ࡦ ࡍ ⊕ ޟ‬㕍 ࠹ ࡦ ࠻ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬ౝ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬ౝ ࠥ ࡃ ‫ ޟޠ‬ౝ ࡐ ࠤ ࠶ ࠻ ‫ ޠ‬ 㨬቟ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬቟ ࠨ ࡜ ࡝ ࡯ ࡑ ࡦ ‫ ޟޠ‬቟ ࡎ ࠹ ࡞ ‫ ޟޠ‬቟ ࠕ ࡄ ࡯ ࠻ ‫ ޠ‬ 㨬⫳ ߒ 㨪㨭‫ ޠ ࡦ ࡄ ߒ ⫳ ޟޠ ࠠ ࡯ ࠤ ߒ ⫳ ޟ‬ 㨬↢ ࡆ ࡯ ࡞ 㨭‫ ޟ‬᳓ ࠲ ࡦ ࠢ ‫ ޟޠ‬ฝ ࡈ ࠶ ࠢ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ߥߤߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߪ‫ޔ‬೨㗄ߦ┙ߞߚ႐ว߇ ᓟ㗄ߦ┙ߞߚᤨߦᲧߴ‫ ⚂ޔ‬୚ߩ⺆଀ᢙࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߪන⚐⺆ၮߣߪㅒߦ‫ޔ‬೨㗄ߦ┙ߞߚ႐วߦ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩㅧ⺆ജࠍࠃࠅ⊒ើߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ ߩౕ૕଀ࠍ᜼ߍࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖 =๺ ๺ ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬ᄢ ဳ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬ᄢ ဳ ࡋ ࡝ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᄢ ဳ ࠻ ࡜ ࠶ ࠢ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᄢ ဳ ࡜ ࡦ ࠲ ࡦ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬ᄢ ᚻ 㨪㨭㧦‫ ޟ‬ᄢ ᚻ ࠬ ࡯ ࡄ ࡯ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᄢ ᚻ ࡔ ࡯ ࠞ ࡯ ‫ ޠ‬.

(17) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 179. 㨬⋧ ᚻ 㨪㨭㧦㨬⋧ ᚻ ࠴ ࡯ ࡓ 㨭‫ ⋧ ޟ‬ᚻ ࡇ ࠶ ࠴ ࡖ ࡯ ‫ ޠ‬ 㨬ෘ ᐩ ࡉ ࡯ ࠷ 㨭‫ ޟ‬ዊ ဳ ࠻ ࡜ ࠶ ࠢ ‫ ޟޠ‬㐳 ⴿ ࠪ ࡖ ࠷ ‫ ޿ ૶ ޟޠ‬ᝥ ߡ ࠞ ࡔ ࡜ ‫ ߈ ็ ޟޠ‬ᛮ ߌ ࠬ ࡍ ࡯ ࠬ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㧖 =ᄖ ๺ ๺ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬࠴ ࡯ ࠭ ᄁ ࠅ ႐ 㨭‫ ࡞ ࡟ ࡄ ࠕ ޟ‬ᄢ ᚻ ‫ ࠬ ࡦ ࡜ ࡃ ࡈ ࠝ ޟޠ‬ข ᒁ ‫ ࠲ ࠻ ޟޠ‬ ࡦ ደ ᩮ ‫ ࠻ ࡦ ࠲ ࠬ ࡦ ࠗ ޟޠ‬๧ ཬ ᳝ ‫ ࠦ ࠛ ޟޠ‬ખ 㑆 ‫ ޠ‬ ߘࠇ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߩᢥᴺ⊛ᕈ⾰߆ࠄߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ฬ⹖ߩ๺⺆ᚑಽ߇ ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ⚿߮ઃ޿ߚᷙ⒳⺆߇ᦨ߽ᄙߊ‫ ⚂ޔ‬ഀࠅߩᲧ₸ࠍ᦭ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޕ‬ᰴ ߦ ᄙ ޿ ߩ ߪ ‫ ࠆ ࠁ ࠊ ޿ ޔ‬േ ⹖ ㅪ ↪ ᒻ ߩ ๺ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ േ ⹖ േ ⹖ ߩ ⶄ ว േ ⹖ ㅪ ↪ ᒻ ߽ ฬ ⹖ േ ⹖ ߩ ⶄ ว ⺆ ߩ ㅪ ↪ ᒻ ߽ ฽ ߼ ߡ ߇ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ⚿ ว ߒ ߚ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߽ ߋ ࠄ ޿ ࠍ භ ߼ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫߆ ߣ ߎ ߩ ߎ ޕ‬ ࠄ‫ޔ‬ฬ⹖ߩ๺⺆ߦᰴ޿ߢേ⹖ㅪ↪ᒻߩ๺⺆ᚑಽ߇‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ⚿ วߒߚ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ᵴ⊒ߥㅧ⺆ᯏ⢻ࠍ⊒ើߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠃ߁‫ޕ‬೨ߦ᜼ߍߚ଀ߩઁߦ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㨬⾉ ߒ ಴ ߒ ࠞ ࡯ ࠼ 㨭‫ ޟ‬ᚻ Ꮕ ߒ ࠦ ࡇ ࡯ ‫ ޠ ࠬ ࡜ ࠟ ࠅ ౉ ✂ ޟޠ‬㨬ᚢ ޿ ࡕ ࡯ ࠼ 㨭‫ ޟ‬ᶖ ߒ ࠧ ࡓ ‫ ޟޠ‬ਅ ࠅ ࡏ ࠲ ࡦ ‫ ̖ ޠ ࡉ ࡝ ࠼ ࠕ ޿ ╉ ޟޠ‬ 㨬࡞ ࡯ ࡞ ૞ ࠅ 㨭㨬ࡑ ࠗ ࠽ ࡯ ⪭ ߜ 㨭‫ ࠻ ࠗ ࡃ ࡞ ࠕ ޟ‬਄ ߇ ࠅ ‫ ࡦ ࡯ ࠪ ޟޠ‬ಽ ߌ ‫ ࠻ ࠶ ࠞ ޟޠ‬ഀ ࠅ ‫ ࠗ ࡃ ࡝ ࠕ ޟޠ ߒ ࠄ ᥵ ࠻ ࡯ ࡄ ࠕ ޟޠ‬፣ ߒ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬. ੑ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ⴫ ߦ⴫ߒߡ޽ࠆߣ߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᐲߩ⺞ᩏߢṽ⺆ᚑಽߣᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ ߇⚿߮ઃ޿ߡ಴᧪ߚ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ଀ߪ߆ߥࠅߩᢙ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫߹ߟޕ‬ ࠅ‫ޔ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽࠃࠅ߽ṽ⺆ᚑಽߩᣇ߇ߘߩㅧ⺆ ജࠍߕߞߣ⼾߆ߦ⊒ើߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎ ߎ ߢ ‫ ߩ ࠄ ࠇ ߎޔ‬ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ⚿ ว ߒ ߚ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ࠍ ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩ⚿ว૏⟎೎෸߮᭴ᚑࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ೎ߦࠃࠅ⹦ߒߊ⷗ߡߺࠆߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ ⚿ᨐߪ⴫ ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ .

(18) 180 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ⴫ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ṽ ⺆ ࡮ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ⚿ ว ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ೎ ⺆ ᢙ ߣ Ყ ₸ . ዧ፿‫ګ‬։圖ছႈ圵. ዧ፿‫ګ‬։圖৵ႈ圵. ฆ圴坔䀀. ࢏坃䀀. ฆ圴坔䀀. ࢏坃䀀. ዧЀ؆. ˈ˄ʻ ˊˁ ˄ʸʼ. ˊ˃ʻ ˋˁ ˋʸʼ. ؆Ѐዧ. ˄˅˃ʻ ˄ˉˁ ˉʸʼ. ˄ˇˈʻ ˄ˋˁ ˅ʸʼ. ዧЀ؆؆. ˄ʻ ˃ˁ ˄ʸʼ. ˄ʻ ˃ˁ ˄ʸʼ. ؆؆ʾዧ. ˋʻ ˄ˁ ˄ʸʼ. ˋʻ ˄ˁ ˃ʸʼ. ዧዧʾ؆. ˅˃ˆʻ ˅ˋˁ ˄ʸʼ ˅˅˅ʻ ˅ˊˁ ˌʸʼ. ዧዧʾ؆؆. ˊʻ ˄ʸʼ. ˊʻ ˃ˁ ˌʸʼ. ؆Ѐዧዧ. ˅˄˃ʻ ˅ˌˁ ˃ʸʼ. ˅˄ˋʻ ˅ˊˁ ˇʸʼ. ؆؆ʾዧዧ. ˆ˅ʻ ˇˁ ˇʸʼ. ˆ˅ʻ ˇˁ ˃ʸʼ. ዧዧዧʾ؆. ˅ˆʻ ˆˁ ˅ʸʼ. ˅ˇʻ ˆˁ ˃ʸʼ. ؆Ѐዧዧዧ. ˅ˉʻ ˆˁ ˉʸʼ. ˅ˉʻ ˆˁ ˆʸʼ. ዧዧዧЀ؆؆. ˆʻ ˃ˁ ˇʸʼ. ˆʻ ˃ˁ ˇʸʼ. ؆؆Ѐዧዧዧ. ˇʻ ˃ˁ ˉʸʼ. ˇʻ ˃ˁ ˈʸʼ. ዧዧዧዧʾ؆. ˅ˇʻ ˆˁ ˆʸʼ. ˅ˇʻ ˆˁ ˃ʸʼ. ؆Ѐዧዧዧዧ. ˄˃ʻ ˄ˁ ˇʸʼ. ˄˃ʻ ˄ˁ ˆʸʼ. ؆Ѐዧዧዧዧዧ. ˄ʻ ˃ˁ ˄ʸʼ. ˄ʻ ˃ˁ ˄ʸʼ. ᵈ 㧔㧕ౝߩ㧑ᢙߪ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽߣᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇⚿วߒߚ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ో૕ߩ⇣ߥࠅ ⺆ᢙ‫ޔ‬ᑧߴ⺆ᢙߦኻߔࠆᲧ₸. ⴫ ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᅤߊ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽߣᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇ⶄวߒߚ๺⵾ ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ੑන૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߣ৻න૏ߩᄖ᧪⺆න⚐⺆ ၮ ߣ ߩ ੑ ߟ ߩ ⚿ ว ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ =ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ߣ =ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ? ߇ ᦨ ߽ ᄙ ߊ ‫ޔ‬ ૬ߖࠆߣో૕ߩ ഀࠅએ਄ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢙሼ߆ࠄߺࠆߣ‫ߩߎޔ‬ੑ න૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߣ৻න૏ߩᄖ᧪⺆න⚐⺆ၮߣߩ⚿วߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ ṽ⺆ᚑಽ߇೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߽ߩߣᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߪ޽߹ࠅᏅ ߇ ߥ ߊ ‫ޔ‬ᄢ ૕ ห ߓ ߋ ࠄ ޿ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ߩ ߎޕ‬ὐ ߪ ‫ޔ‬೨ ▵ ߩ ⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߩ ‫=ޔ‬ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ?ߩ ᣇ ߇ =ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ࠃ ࠅ ߪ ࠆ ߆ ߦ ᄙ ޿ ‫ ⁁ ߁ ޿ ߣޔ‬ᴫ ߣ ⇣ ߥ ߞ ߡ ޿ࠆߎߣ߇․⸥ߦ୯ߒࠃ߁‫ޕ‬හߜ‫ߦ⃻ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆߇ߎߩ๺⵾ᷙ⒳ ⺆ߣߪ⋧㆑ߚࠆታᘒߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ⠨߃ࠆߣ‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑࠍ⺰ߓࠆߦᒰߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺ ⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ඙೎ߒߡ߅ߊߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ એਅ‫⚿߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬วᐲ߇㜞޿଀ࠍ᜼ߍߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ 㨬Ⅳ Ⴚ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬Ⅳ Ⴚ ࠬ ࡢ ࠶ ࡊ ‫ ޟޠ‬Ⅳ Ⴚ ࡎ ࡞ ࡕ ࡦ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬.

(19) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 181. 㨬㜞 ⚖ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬㜞 ⚖ ࠲ ࠢ ࠪ ࡯ ‫ ޟޠ‬㜞 ⚖ ࡉ ࠹ ࠖ ࠶ ࠢ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㔚 ሶ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬㔚 ሶ ࡔ ࠺ ࠖ ࠕ ‫ ޟޠ‬㔚 ሶ ࡜ ࠗ ࠲ ࡯ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬๺ 㘑㨪㨭㧦‫ ޟ‬๺ 㘑 ࡇ ࡜ ࡈ ‫ ޟޠ‬๺ 㘑 ࡍ ࡦ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㜞 ጀ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬㜞 ጀ ࡆ ࡞ ‫ ޟޠ‬㜞 ጀ ࡎ ࠹ ࡞ ‫ ޟޠ‬㜞 ጀ ࡑ ࡦ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ ‫ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ળ ␠ 㨭‫ ࡊ ࡯ ࡞ ࠣ ޟ‬ળ ␠ ‫ ࡞ ࡀ ࡦ ࠻ ޟޠ‬ળ ␠ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ᭴ ᗐ 㨭‫ ࠬ ࠖ ࡈ ࠝ ࡦ ࠱ ࡝ ࠛ ޟ‬᭴ ᗐ ‫ ࠕ ࠖ ࠺ ࠞ ࡞ ࠕ ޟޠ‬᭴ ᗐ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ↥ ᬺ 㨭‫ ↥ ࡯ ࡃ ࡞ ࠪ ޟ‬ᬺ ‫ ↥ ࠢ ࠹ ࠗ ࡂ ޟޠ‬ᬺ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ᣇ ᑼ 㨭‫ ࡑ ࠭ ࡜ ࡊ ޟ‬ᣇ ᑼ ‫ ࠞ ࠗ ࡠ ࠻ ޟޠ‬ᣇ ᑼ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ≮ ᴺ 㨭‫ ≮ ࠢ ࠶ ࡚ ࠪ ޟ‬ᴺ ‫ ≮ ࡞ ࠗ ࠨ ࡒ ޟޠ‬ᴺ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ਄ ⸥ ߩ =ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ߣ =ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߦ ᰴ ޿ ߢ ᄙ ޿ ߩ ߪ ‫ ৻ ޔ‬න ૏ߩṽ⺆ᚑಽߣ৻න૏ߩᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ṽ⺆ᚑ ಽ ߇ ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ =ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߪ ೨ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ =ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲࡯ࡦࠃࠅᄙߊ‫ ⚂ޔ‬୚એ਄ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߫ࠊ⸒ޕ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ ߅ ޿ ߡ ߽ ‫ ৻ޔ‬න ૏ ߩ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ৻ න ૏ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ⚿ ว ߔ ࠆ ႐ ว ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩṽ⺆ᚑಽ߇ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߒ߿ߔ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬⠡ ⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣᄢ૕หߓߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ૉߒ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߩㅧ⺆ߦ߅޿ ߡ ߪ ‫ ৻ ޔ‬න ૏ ߩ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ᧪ ࠆ =ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ੑ න ૏ ߩ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ೨ 㗄 ߦ ᧪ ࠆ =ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ࠃ ࠅ ߽ ߞ ߣ ↢ ↥ ⊛ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬એ ਅ ‫ ↥ ↢ ߆ ߟ ߊ ޿ ޔ‬ᕈ ߇ ޽ ࠆ ‫= ޔ‬ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ?ߣ =ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ? ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߩ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ᜼ߍߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ 㨬ᕆ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬ᕆ ࠞ ࡯ ࡉ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᕆ ࡇ ࠶ ࠴ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᕆ ࡉ ࡟ ࡯ ࠠ ‫ ޠ‬ 㨬㚞㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬㚞 ࡆ ࡞ ‫ ޟޠ‬㚞 ࡎ ࡯ ࡓ ‫ ޠ‬ 㨬㋕㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬㋕ ࠤ ࡯ ࠬ ‫ ޟޠ‬㋕ ࡄ ࠗ ࡊ ‫ ޠ‬ 㨬ᣂ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬ᣂ ࠝ ࡈ ࠖ ࠬ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᣂ ࠡ ࡖ ࡜ ࡝ ࡯ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬ᄢ 㨪㨭‫ ޟ‬ᄢ ࠬ ࠲ ࡯ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᄢ ࡉ ࡟ ࡯ ࠢ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ᯏ 㨭‫ ࡓ ࡯ ࠥ ޟ‬ᯏ ‫ ࡜ ࡍ ࡠ ࡊ ޟޠ‬ᯏ ‫ ࠬ ࡟ ࡊ ޟޠ‬ᯏ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪ゞ㨭‫ ࡦ ࡯ ࡝ ࠣ ޟ‬ゞ ‫ ࡒ ࠦ ࠬ ࡑ ޟޠ‬ゞ ‫ ࡯ ࠞ ࠶ ࡟ ޟޠ‬ゞ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ႐ 㨭‫ ࡯ ࠠ ࠬ ޟ‬႐ ‫ ࠣ ࡦ ࠠ ࡯ ࡄ ޟޠ‬႐ ‫ ࡦ ࠬ ࠶ ࡟ ޟޠ‬႐ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬. 10. ᧄ Ⓜ ߩ ਃ ߩ ੑ ࠍ ෳ ᾖ ‫ ޕ‬.

(20) 182 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. 㨬㨪 ઍ 㨭‫ ࡦ ࡝ ࠰ ࠟ ޟ‬ઍ ‫ ࠻ ࠗ ࡃ ޟޠ‬ઍ ‫ ࡯ ࡅ ࡯ ࠦ ޟޠ‬ઍ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ᐫ 㨭‫ ߦ ࡆ ࡦ ࠦ ޟ‬ᐫ ‫ ࡦ ࡯ ࠚ ࠴ ޟޠ‬ᐫ ‫ ࡯ ࠞ ࠲ ࡦ ࡟ ޟޠ‬ᐫ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ਄ߩ଀ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ৻න૏ߩṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮߪ‫ޔ‬ዻᕈ⊛ ߥⷐ⚛߿ୃ㘼⊛ߥⷐ⚛߇ᄙ޿ࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߽ ߩߪ޿ߕࠇ߽⚿วኾ↪ߩන⚐⺆ၮ߫߆ࠅߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔធየ ㄉ⊛ߥⷐ⚛ߩ߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿ߎߣ߇․ᓽ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩⶄว ⺆⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬ធየㄉ⊛ߥṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮ߇ᄢᄌ㜞޿ㅧ⺆ജࠍ ᦭ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߣ ᜰ ៰ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ߩ ߎ ޔ ߕ ࠄ ߥ ߺ ߩ ࠇ ߘ ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ⠨ኤ߆ࠄ߽‫ߩߎޔ‬ធየㄉ⊛ߥṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮߪᓥ᧪ ߩ ๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ߩ ⚿ ว ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ၞ ࠍ ಴ ߡ ‫ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ߽ ⶄ ว ߒ ߡ ᵴ⊒ߥㅧ⺆ᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ਄ ㅀ ߒ ߚ ‫ޔ‬㜞 ޿ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ࠍ ᜬ ߟ =ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?=ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ?=ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ??=ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ?ߩ ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ એ ᄖ ߪ ‫ ో ߽ ࠇ ߕ ޿ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߘޔ‬૕ ߩ 㧑 ߽ ߥ ޿ ㅧ ⺆ ₸ ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫↥↢ࠅ߹޽ޔ‬ᕈߩߥ޿⚵ߺวࠊߖ߫߆ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ߎߎޕ‬ ߢߪ‫ࠍ଀ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬᜼ߍࠆߛߌߦߣߤ߼ߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ਃන૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߣ৻න૏ߩᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮߣߩ⚵ߺวࠊ ߖߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਃන૏ߩṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮ߇೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆߩ߽ᓟ㗄ߦ૏ ⟎ߔࠆߩ߽ᄢ૕หߓߋࠄ޿ߩㅧ⺆₸ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᰴߩࠃ ߁ߥ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧖 =ṽ ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬ᄖ ⾗ ♽ ࡔ ࡯ ࠞ ࡯ 㨭‫ ޟ‬ᵞ ữ ↪ ࡀ ࠶ ࠻ ‫ ޟޠ‬ή Ꮕ ೎ ࠹ ࡠ ‫ ޟޠ‬ඨ ዉ ૕ ࠴ ࠶ ࡊ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᶏ ⾚ ࡆ ࠺ ࠝ ‫ ⚐ ⿥ ޟޠ‬᳓ ࠲ ࡦ ࠢ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㧖 =ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬ࠬ ࠻ ࠶ ࠢ ⚻ ᷣ ൻ 㨭‫ ┹ ࡊ ࡦ ࡖ ࠫ ޟ‬ᛛ ႐ ‫ ࡦ ࠗ ࠦ ࡦ ࡢ ޟޠ‬㚢ゞ ႐ ‫ ࠛ ޟޠ‬ ࠦ వ ㅴ ࿾ ‫ ⪺ ࠻ ࡈ ࠰ ޟޠ‬૞ ᮭ ‫ ࠻ ࠗ ࡃ ࡞ ࠕ ޟޠ‬ᖱ ႎ ⹹ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ߶ ߆ ߦ ‫= ޔ‬ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ᄖ ?ߣ =ᄖ ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ?‫= ߡ ߒ ߘ ޔ‬ṽ ṽ ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ߣ =ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ṽ ṽ ?ߩ ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߇ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ߎ ޔ ࠅ ߅ ߣ ࠆ ޽ ߡ ߒ ␜ ߦ ⴫ ޔ‬. 11. ⊕ ੗ 㗁 ߦ 㨬 ৻ ⥸ ߦ ṽ ⺆ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ജ ࠍ ⠨ ߃ ࠆ ߣ ߈ ‫ ߪ ࠇ ߘ ޔ‬ṽ ሼ ৻ ሼ ৻ ሼ ߇ ㅧ ⺆ ജ ߇ ᄢ ߈ ޿ ߣ ޿ ߁ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ᗧ ๧ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ᕁ ߁ ‫ޕ‬㨭ߣ ޿ ߁ ⸥ ㅀ ߇ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ ޔ ߦ ઁ ޕ‬㊁ ᧛ ߥ ߤ ߽ ෳ ᾖ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ޿ ‫ ޕ‬.

(21) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 183. ߩੑ⒳㘃ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߪㅒߥㅧ⺆ታᘒࠍ๒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ੑන૏ߩṽ⺆ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ߇ ೨ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ =ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ᄖ ?ࠃ ࠅ ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ =ᄖ ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ?ߩ ᣇ ߇ ↢ ↥ ⊛ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߩ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ‫ޔ‬྾ න ૏ ߩ ṽ ⺆ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ߩ ႐ ว ߪ ‫ ߇ ࠇ ߘ ޔ‬೨ 㗄 ߦ ┙ ߟ =ṽ ṽ ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ߩ ᣇ ߇ =ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ṽ ṽ ?ࠃ ࠅ ዋ ߒ ㅧ ⺆ ₸ ߇ 㜞 ޿ ‫ ࠍ ଀ ޕ‬᜼ ߍ ࠆ ߣ ‫ ޔ‬ᰴ ߩ ߣ ߅ ࠅ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ 㧖 =ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬⊖ ౞ ࡆ ࠫ ࡀ ࠬ ࡕ ࠺ ࡞ 㨭‫ ޟ‬㔚 ⣖ ࡂ ࠗ ࡄ ࡯ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㧖 =ᄖ ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬ࡂ ࠗ ࠹ ࠢ ៺ ᡂ 㨭‫ ࡦ ࠝ ࠼ ࠕ ޟ‬㔚 ⹤ ‫ ⽼ ࡦ ࠦ ࠰ ࡄ ޟޠ‬ᄁ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㧖 =ṽ ṽ ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬㊄ Ⲣ ᖱ ႎ ࠨ ࡯ ࡆ ࠬ 㨭‫ ޟ‬ൻ ቇ ౓ ེ ࠨ ࡝ ࡦ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㧖 =ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ṽ ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ 㨬ࡂ ࠗ ࠹ ࠢ 㔚 ሶ ᯏ ຠ 㨭‫ ࠬ ࡆ ࡯ ࠨ ޟ‬ଔ ᩰ ᜰ ᢙ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ੖‫߼ߣ߹ߩߢ߹ߎߎޔ‬ એ਄‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬᭴ᚑ ⷐ⚛ߣߒߡߩ๺⺆ᚑಽߣṽ⺆ᚑಽߩㅧ⺆ታᘒ‫ޔ‬ᒻᘒ‫ޔ‬ㅧ⺆ᕈ߆ࠄಽ ᨆߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߪߢ▵ᧄޕ‬਄ߩ⠨ኤࠍ〯߹߃ߡ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⠡⸶ᷙ ⒳⺆ߣㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡṽ⺆ᚑಽߣ๺⺆ᚑಽ߇޿߆ ߥࠆ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛ߥ⇣หࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ߹ߣ߼ߥ߅ߒߡ⺰ߓߡߺߚ ޿‫ޕ‬ ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ ߩㅧ⺆ᕈߩ㕙߆ࠄ⠨߃ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽ߇⠡⸶⺆ߣ๺⵾⺆ߦ߅޿ߡᄢ ૕㘃ૃߒߚㅧ⺆ᕈ‫ޔ‬ㅧ⺆᭽⋧ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޔߕ߹ޕ‬๺⺆ᚑ ಽࠃࠅṽ⺆ᚑಽߩᣇ߇ਔ⠪ߩᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡߣ߽ߦᄢᄌߥㅧ⺆ജࠍ ⊒ើߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽ. 12. ⴫㧠ߦߪ‫ޔ‬਄ㅀߒߚ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ߣᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽ߇ⶄวߒߚ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ⒳⒳ߩࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ એ ᄖ ߦ ‫[ ޔ‬ṽ ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ᄖ ] [ᄖ ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ṽ ][ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ṽ ṽ ṽ ] ߣ ޿ ߁ ਃ ߟ ߩ ᭴ ᚑ ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߽ ⷗ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ో ߽ ࠇ ߕ ޿ ޔ‬૕ ߩ 1㧑 ߽ ߥ ޿ ㅧ ⺆ ₸ ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߩ ߢ‫ޕߚ޿߅ߡ޿⋭ޔ‬.

(22) 184 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ߣ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ߩ ⚵ ߺ ว ࠊ ߖ ߪ ో ૕ ߩ 㧑 એ ਄ ߣ ޿ ߁ 㜞 ޿ ㅧ ⺆ ₸ ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ‫ ޔ‬๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߽ ⚂ 㧑 એ ਄ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ₸ ࠍ ߽ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ ߘߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᒻᘒߩ㕙߆ࠄ⸒߁ߣ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ߩᷙ⒳⺆ߣ߽ߦṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮ ࠃࠅṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮ߇ᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮߣߩⶄวߦ߅޿ߡ↢↥⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⚿ว૏⟎ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮߪਔ⠪ߩᷙ⒳⺆ߣ߽ߦᓟ㗄ߦ ૏⟎ߒ߿ߔ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߢߪṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮ߇ᓟ㗄ߣߒߡ ߩ଀߇೨㗄ߣߒߡߩ଀ߩ ୚એ਄ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ႐วߦߥࠆ ߣ‫ߩߎޔ‬௑ะ߇ᦝߦᒝߊߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮߣᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮߣߩㅧ ⺆ ߪ ᱴ ߤ ṽ ⺆⺆ ၮ ߇ ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ =ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߫ ߆ ࠅ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ ߒ ߆ ߽ ‫= ߪ ࠇ ߎޔ‬ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ࠃ ࠅ ߽ 㜞 ޿ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ࠍ ᦭ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߪ‫ߦ⊛⥸৻ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩᗧ๧ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᗧ๧߇߿߿᛽⽎ ⊛ߢࠊ߆ࠅߦߊ޿ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߩᓟߦ㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔṽ⺆ࠍߟߌࠆ௑ะ ߇޽ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆ㓙ߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ ࠍ㖸⸶ߒߚ਄ߢ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽߩⷞⷡലᨐࠍ୫ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᗧ๧ℂ⸃ࠍߪ߆ࠈ߁ ߣߔࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ߩߎޕ‬㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔᓟ㗄ṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮߩ‫ޔ‬ᗧ๧ ℂ ⸃ ਄ ߩ ⷞ ⷡ ല ᨐ ߆ ࠄ ⠨ ߃ ࠆ ߣ ‫= ߩ ߎ ޔ ࠄ ߆ ࠇ ߎ ޔ‬ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߩ⠡⸶࡮๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆߇ߤࠎߤࠎ૞ࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߊߛࠈ߁ߣ⠨߃ࠄ ࠇࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߪ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ⇣ߥࠆ ㅧ⺆ታᘒࠍ๒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߢߪṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮ߇೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ ߔࠆ଀ߣᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ଀ߣߢߘࠇ߶ߤᏅ߇ߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߢ ߪ೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ଀ࠃࠅᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ଀ߩᣇ߇ᄙ޿‫ޔ߫ࠊ⸒ޕ‬ṽ ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߪᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮߣ⚿วߔࠆߦᒰߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ႐ว ߪ೨㗄ߦ߽ᓟ㗄ߦ߽૏⟎ߔࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡߪᓟ 㗄ߦ૏⟎ߒ߿ߔ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߩਔᷙ⒳⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑߦ߅ߌࠆ⋧㆑ࠍㅀߴࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ๺⺆ᚑಽߪ‫ޔ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽ߶ߤߢߪߥ޿߽ߩ ߩ ‫ ߛ ߹ ޔ‬ዋ ߒ ㅧ ⺆ ജ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ో ૕ ߩ ഀ ࠅ ⿷ ࠄ ߕ ࠍ ߽ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߇‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡߪᱴߤㅧ⺆ജ߇ߥ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᄖ ࿖⺆ࠍᣣᧄ⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߔࠆߦᒰߚߞߡ‫ࠅ߹޽ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߦߪ⸶ߖߥ޿.

(23) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 185. ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅ߌࠆ๺⺆ᚑಽߩ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛ߥߎߣߦ㑐ߒߡᰴߩࠃ߁ ߥ௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᒻᘒ߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߪṽ⺆ᚑಽߣ㆑ߞߡ‫ⶄޔ‬ว⺆ၮࠃࠅන ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߩ ߶ ߁ ߇ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ⋧ ᕈ ߇ ࠃ ߊ ‫ޕ ࠆ ޽ ߢ ⊛ ↥ ↢ޔ‬හ ߜ ‫=ޔ‬ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?= ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ? ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ࠃ ࠅ = ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?= ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ? ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߩ ᣇ ߇ ᄙ ޿ ߩ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ‫=ޔ‬๺ ๺ 㧗 ᄖ ?=ᄖ 㧗 ๺ ๺ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ࠃ ࠅ =๺ 㧗 ᄖ ?=ᄖ 㧗 ๺ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߩ ᣇ ߇ ᄙ ޿ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬㊁ ᧛ ߦ ߪ ‫=ޔ‬ṽ ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?=ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ṽ ?ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ࠲ ࠗ ࡊ ߪ ಴ ⃻ ᢙ ߇ ᄙ ޿ ߩ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ‫= ޔ‬ṽ 㧗 ᄖ ?=ᄖ 㧗 ṽ ?ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ࠲ ࠗ ࡊ ߪ ಴ ⃻ ߒ ߦ ߊ ޿ ‫ޔ ߡ ޿ ߟ ߦ ⽎ ⃻ ߁ ޿ ߣ ޔ‬ ߎࠇߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩ৻න૏ߩ⺆ၮ߇ṽ⺆ߩੑන૏⺆ၮߦ⋧ᒰߔ ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߣ ㅀ ߴ ࠄ ࠇ ‫ ޔ‬᫪ ጟ ߦ ߽ ‫ ޔ‬ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ⺆ ၮ ߪ ㅧ ⺆ ⷐ ⚛ ߣ ߒ ߡ ṽ ⺆⺆ ၮ ․ ߦ ੑ ሼ ṽ ⺆ ߦ ╬ ߒ޿ᯏ⢻ࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߣ ⺰ ߓ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ᧄ ޔ ߣ ࠆ ߔ ߁ ߘ ޕ‬Ⓜ ߩ ⠨ ኤ ߆ ࠄ ⠨ ߃ ࠇ ߫ ‫=ޔ‬๺ 㧗 ᄖ ?=ᄖ 㧗 ๺ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߩ ᣇ ߇ =๺ ๺ 㧗 ᄖ ?=ᄖ 㧗 ๺ ๺ ?ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ࠃ ࠅ ↢ ↥⊛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ‫৻ޔ‬න૏ߩᄖ᧪⺆⺆ၮߩㅧ⺆ᯏ⢻߇৻න૏ߩ๺⺆⺆ၮߩㅧ⺆ᯏ⢻ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅‫⚿ޔ‬ว૏⟎߆ࠄ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬๺⺆න⚐⺆ၮ߽ṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮߣหߓ ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߽ߩߩ߶߁߇ᄙ޿‫ޔߩߎޕ‬ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ ๺⺆න⚐⺆ၮ߽㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔ߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿ࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ⶄ ว⺆ၮߪṽ⺆ⶄว⺆ၮߣߪ㆑ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߽ߩࠃࠅ೨㗄ߦ ૏⟎ߔࠆ߽ߩߩᣇ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩᓟ㗄ߦ㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔⷐ⚛߇ ᧪߿ߔ޿ߎߣߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߩ⠨ኤ߆ࠄߩ⚿⺰ࠍㅀߴߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ᓥ ᧪ ‫ޔ‬㘃 ᭎ ᔨ ࠍ ⴫ ߔ ၮ ᧄ ⊛ ߥ ⷐ ⚛ ߇ ⶄ ว ⺆ ߩ ᓟ 㗄 ߦ ૏ ⟎ ߒ ߿ ߔ ޿ ‫ޔ‬. 13 14. ㊁ ᧛ 㗁 ࠍ ෳ ᾖ ‫ ޕ‬ ᫪ ጟ 㗁 ࠍ ෳ ᾖ ‫ޕ‬.

(24) 186 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ߣ ᜰ ៰ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ᧄ ޔ‬Ⓜ ߩ ⠨ ኤ ߆ ࠄ ߽ ‫ ޔ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ᓟ ߦ 㘃 ᭎ ᔨ ࠍ ⴫ ߔ ๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ⚿ ߮ ઃ ߈ ߿ ߔ ޿ ߣ ޿ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᬌ ⸽ ߢ ߈ ߚ ‫ޕ‬ ․ߦ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ႐วߦ߅޿ߡߘߩ௑ะ߇ᦝߦᒝ޿ߎߣ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߦ ߥߞߚ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ߿߿ࠊ߆ࠅߦߊ޿ᄖ ᧪⺆ᚑಽߩ୫↪⺆ߩᓟߦ‫ޔ‬ታ⾰⊛ߥၮᧄ᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔṽ⺆ᚑಽࠍ⸶⺆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߟ ߌ ࠆ ࡄ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ߇ ⚂ ⠡ ⸶ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ో ૕ ߩ ഀ ᒝ ߢ ޽ ߞ ߚ ‫ ޕ‬ ৻ ᣇ ‫ޔ‬๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߩ ႐ ว ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ‫ޔ‬㘃 ᭎ ᔨ ࠍ ⴫ ߔ ๺ 㨯ṽ ߩ න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߇߿ߪࠅᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ޽߹ࠅᄌࠊ ࠄ ߥ ޿ ‫ޔ ߒ ߆ ߒޕ‬๺ 㨯ṽ ߩ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ߪ න ⚐ ⺆ ၮ ߣ ߪ ㆑ ߞ ߡ ‫ޔ‬๺ ⺆ ߩ ߶ ߁ߪ೨㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ᄙᢙ⷗ࠄࠇࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ߪ೨㗄ߦ ૏⟎ߔࠆᢙߣᓟ㗄ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆᢙߣߢ޽߹ࠅᏅ߇ߥ޿‫੹ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ᐲ ㅒ ߦ ๺ 㨯ṽ ߩ ⶄ ว ⺆ ၮ ߣ ⚿ ว ߒ ߡ ๺ ⵾ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ࠍ ૞ ࠆ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ߶ ߁߇‫ޔ‬ၮᧄߩ㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޔ‬㚔ᨴߺߩᷓ޿߽ߩ߇ዋߥߊߥ޿߆ࠄߢ ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ 㨬㨪 ࡑ ࡦ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ 㨭‫ ޟޠ ࡦ ࡚ ࠪ ࡦ ࡑ ⪇ ⽕ ޟ‬ᣂ ▽ ࡑ ࡦ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ࡔ ࡯ ࠞ ࡯ 㨭‫ ޟ‬ㇱ ຠ ࡔ ࡯ ࠞ ࡯ ‫ ޟޠ‬㔚 ᯏ ࡔ ࡯ ࠞ ࡯ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ࡃ ࠬ 㨭‫ ޟ‬㜞 ㅦ ࡃ ࠬ ‫ ޟޠ‬ㅢ ൕ ࡃ ࠬ ‫ ޟޠ‬Ꮢ ࡃ ࠬ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ࡆ ࠺ ࠝ 㨭‫ ޟ‬ት વ ࡆ ࠺ ࠝ ‫ ޟޠ‬㒐 ‽ ࡆ ࠺ ࠝ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ 㨬㨪 ࠬ ࡍ ࡯ ࠬ 㨭‫ ޟ‬෼ ⚊ ࠬ ࡍ ࡯ ࠬ ‫ ޟޠ‬㚢ゞ ࠬ ࡍ ࡯ ࠬ ‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ߟ߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔṽ⺆න⚐⺆ၮ߽ṽ⺆ ⶄว⺆ၮߣߣ߽ߦ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߩㅧ⺆ߢᄢ߈ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆߩ ߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ૞ࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇ ࠆ㓙ߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔᓎഀߪ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ฎߊ߆ࠄ ߩ๺⺆ᚑಽ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬㚔ᨴߺߩᷓ޿ၮᧄ᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߦࠃߞߡ 15. ㊁ ᧛ 㗁 ߦ ⚿วኾ↪⺆ၮߪ೨ⷐ⚛ߣߒߡ಴⃻ߒ߿ߔߊ‫ޔ‬ᓟⷐ⚛ߦ޽ࠄࠊࠇࠆ߽ߩ ߪߔߊߥ޿㧚ߎࠇߪ‫ޔ‬ᓟⷐ⚛ߦߪ㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔၮᧄ⊛ߥⶄว⺆ၮ߇૏ ⟎ߒ߿ߔ޿ߚ߼ߣ߆ࠎ߇߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ߣ ㅀ ߴ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ޡޔ ߦ ઁ ޕ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߣ ⧷ ⺆ ߩ ⼱㑆 ‫ ޢ‬㗁 ߦ ߽ ‫ ࡯ ࠞ ࡞ ࠯ ࡯ ࠖ ࠺ ޟޔ‬ FKGUGN‫ ࡦ ࡑ ࠼ ࡯ ࠟ ޟޠ‬I W C TF‫ ࡞ ࡯ ࡏ ࠴ ࠶ ࡖ ࠠ ޟޠ‬E C V EJ‫ ࠍ ଀ ߩ ߤ ߥ ޠ‬᜼ ߍ ‫ ᧄ ޔ‬ ᧪ߩᄖ࿖⺆ߩᓟߦߟߊ⺆ߪ㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔ․ᓽࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⸥ߥ߁ࠃ߁޿ߣޔ‬ㅀ ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 16 ೨಴ߩ⴫ ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬.

(25) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 187. ᜂࠊࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ‫ߩߎޔ‬㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔⷐ⚛߇⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߦ ઃߌࠄࠇࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ዋߒ⺑᣿ࠍઃߌട߃ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ޿ߜ߫ࠎ⋥ធ⊛ߥᣇᴺߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔᄖ࿖⺆ߩⷐ⚛ࠍߘ ߩ߹߹⸶ߔߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀߃߫‫ޔ‬ 㨬ࠞ ࡯ ࡐ ࡦ ⚕ ECTDQPRCRGT㨭‫ ㉄ ࡁ ࡒ ࠕ ޟ‬COKPQCEKF‫ ޠ‬ 㨬࡝ ࡘ ࡯ ࡑ ࠴ ᾲ TJGWOCVKEHGXGT㨭‫ ࠻ ࡈ ࡜ ࠼ ޟ‬೙ FTCHV U[UVGO‫ ޠ‬㨬ࡃ ࡉ ࡞ ⃻ ⽎ DWDDNGRJGPQOGPQP㨭‫ ࡞ ࠹ ࠢ ࠞ ޟ‬ല ᨐ EQEMVCKNGHHGEV‫ ࠻ ࡯ ࠱ ࡝ ޟޠ‬㐿 ⊒ TGUQTVFGXGNQROGPV‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߦ㖸⸶ߒߚᓟ‫ߦᦝޔ‬㘃᭎ᔨࠍ⴫ߔᓥ᧪ ߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩⷐ⚛ࠍࡊ࡜ࠬߔࠆ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㨬ࡂ ࠻ ࡠ ࡦ ⚕ RCVTQQP ࠝ ࡜ ࡦ ࠳ ⺆㨭‫ ⋚ ࡞ ࠣ ࡦ ࠪ ޟ‬UKPING‫ ޠ‬ 㨬࠻ ࡜ ࠶ ࠢ ┹ ᛛ VTCEM㨭‫ ࠢ ࠶ ࡠ ࡃ ޟ‬㖸 ᭉ DCTQSWG‫ ޠ‬ 㨬࠳ ࠙ ࡦ ࠨ ࠗ ࠫ ࡦ ࠣ ⃻ ⽎ FQYPUK\KPI㨭‫ ࡦ ࠴ ࠦ ࠾ ޟ‬ਛ Ქ PKEQVKPKUO‫ ⚛ ⦡ ࠼ ࠗ ࡁ ࠹ ࡠ ࠞ ޟޠ‬ECTQVGPQKF‫ ̖ ޠ‬ ߥߤߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߦᒰߚߞߡ‫߿߿ޔ‬᛽⽎⊛ߥ᭎ᔨ ࠍ⴫ߔᄖ࿖⺆ߩᗧ๧ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߐߖࠆ⿰߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ઁߦ‫ࠆࠁࠊ޿ߪࠇߘޕࠆࠇࠄ⷗߇ࡦ࡯࠲ࡄߩߟ৻߁߽ޔ‬㊀ⶄ⴫⃻ ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ 㨬ࠕ ࡦ ࠤ ࡯ ࠻ ⺞ ᩏ GPSW«VG ੽ 㨭‫ ⍾ ࡜ ࡂ ࠨ ޟ‬Ṽ the Sahara‫ ޠ‬ 㨬ࠬ ࡕ ࡦ ∛ 㨭̖ ߥ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ‫ ޔ‬ᓟ 㗄 ߩ ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ හ ߜ ೨ 㗄 ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߩ ߘ ߩ ⸶ ⺆ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ṽ⺆ߦ⸤ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᗧ๧ߩഥߌߦࠃߞߡ೨㗄ߩᄖ࿖ ⺆ߩ⴫ߔᗧ๧᭎ᔨࠍߪߞ߈ࠅߐߖߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޔ߫ࠊ⸒ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߩ㖸 ⸶⺆ߣᗧ⸶⺆ߣߩวᚑ⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ౐‫ߦࠅࠊ߅ޔ‬. 17. ⍹ ㊁㗁 ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬.

(26) 188 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ᒻ ᘒ ਄ ‫ޔ‬ห ߓ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ๺ ⺆㨯ṽ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߣ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ߇ ⚿ ߮ ઃ ޿ ߚ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ߩ ߘޔ‬ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߩ ᕈ ⾰ ߩ ㆑ ޿ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ‫ޔ‬᭴ ᚑ ⷐ ⚛ ߩ ๺ 㨯ṽ ᚑ ಽ߇⇣ߥࠆ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛ߥᝄࠆ⥰޿ࠍ⷗ߖࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ‫߹ޔ‬ ߕᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ ࡞ߩ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߦಽߌ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߣṽ⺆ᚑಽߩ⺆ ᭴ᚑ⊛⇣หࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߢߪ๺⺆ᚑಽ߇޽߹ࠅㅧ⺆ജࠍᜬߚߥ޿ߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߢߪ‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽ߇ߘࠇߥࠅߩㅧ⺆ജࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠊ⸒ޕ‬ ߫‫ޔ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߩㅧ⺆ᓎഀߪ߹ߛᄖ࿖⺆ነࠅߩ⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪᱴߤᨐ ߚߐࠇߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ൻߩㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪṽ⺆ᚑಽߣߣ߽ߦᐞಽ߆ ᨐߚߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬๺⺆ᚑಽߪᄖ࿖⺆⊛ߥᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ⚿߮ ઃ߈‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ࠍࠃࠅᣣᧄ⺆ൻߔࠆ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߛߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ࠍ‫ޔ‬୫↪࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽห჻ ߩ⠡⸶ᄖ᧪⺆ⶄว⺆ߣㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩਛ㑆⊛࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ ߽ߩߛߣ⠨߃ࠆߣߒߚࠄ‫ޔ‬೨ㅀߒߚ‫ޔ‬⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߦ߅޿ߡߪ๺⺆ᚑ ಽߩㅧ⺆ᯏ⢻߇ᱴߤ௛޿ߡ޿ߥ޿ὐࠍ߽⠨߃วࠊߖࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽ ߪ‫ޔ‬୫↪࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄㅧ⺆࡟ࡌ࡞߳ߩᯅᷰߒߩᓎഀࠍᄢ޿ߦᨐߚߒߡ ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޔߦࠆߔⷐޕ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ߩⶄว⺆ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ṽ⺆ᚑಽߪ ᄖ࿖⺆⊛ߥᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߣ࿕᦭ߩ๺⺆ᚑಽߩਛ㑆⊛ߥㅧ⺆ᕈࠍ߽ߟⷐ ⚛ߣ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߦ߅ ߌࠆ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛ߥಽᨆࠍ๺⺆ᚑಽ෸߮ṽ⺆ᚑಽߛߌࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߡขࠅ ਄ߍߚ߇‫৻߁߽᧪ᧄޔ‬ᣇߩᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺆᭴ᚑ⊛ߥಽᨆ߽૬ ߖߡᲧセ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ⸒߁߹ߢ߽ߥ޿‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߪ⚕᏷ߩ ೙㒢ߦࠃࠅ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬಴᧪ߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߩ⛯✬ߣߒߡ߹ߚ೎ߩᯏ ળߦࠁߕࠅߚ޿‫ޕ‬ .

(27) ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ๺⺆㨯ṽ⺆ᚑಽߦߟ޿ߡ̆⠡⸶ᷙ⒳⺆ߣ๺⵾ᷙ⒳⺆ߣߩᲧセ߆ࠄ̆. 189. ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ㊁ ᧛ 㓷 ᤘ㧔㧕 ‫ޟ‬ធㄉᕈሼ㖸⺆ၮߩᕈᩰ‫ޠ‬ ‫ ޡ‬࿖ ┙ ࿖ ⺆ ⎇ ⓥ ᚲ ႎ ๔ 㔚 ሶ ⸘ ▚ ᯏ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ࿖ ⺆ ⎇ ⓥ Ϋ ‫ ޢ‬࿖ ┙ ࿖ ⺆ ⎇ ⓥ ᚲ R 㧙㧙㧙㧔㧕‫ ޟ‬ᣂ ⺆ㄉ ౖ ߩ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ‫ ↢ ⺆ ⸒ ޡޠ‬ᵴ ‫ ޢ‬ภ ╳ ៺ ᦠ ᚱ R㧙㧙㧙㧙㧔㧕‫ ⺆ ޟ‬⒳ ߣ ㅧ ⺆ ജ ‫ ޡޠ‬ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ቇ ‫ ޢ‬㧙 ᣿ ᴦ ᦠ 㒮 R ᫪ ጟ ஜ ੑ 㧔㧕‫ ޟ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߩ ᵷ ↢ ⺆ ᒵ ‫ ⃻ ޡޠ‬ઍ ⺆ ⎇ ⓥ ࠪ ࡝ ࡯ ࠭ ╙ ৻ Ꮞ ⺆ ᒵ ߩ ᒻ ᚑ ╙ ┨ ‫ ޢ‬᣿ ᴦ ᦠ 㒮 R ⊕ ੗ ᷡ ሶ 㧔㧕‫ ⃻ ޟ‬ઍ ߩ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ̆ ߘ ߩ ⺆ ᭴ ᚑ ߣ ᒻ ᘒ ⚛ ̆ ‫ ޡޠ‬ᄢ ㊁ ᤯ వ ↢ ฎ ⒘ ⸥ ᔨ ⺰ ᢥ 㓸 ᣣ ᧄ ⎇ ⓥ 㧝 ⸒ ⺆ ߣ વ ᛚ ‫ ⷺ ޢ‬Ꮉ ᦠ ᐫ R 㧙㧙㧙㧔 C㧕‫ ޟ‬ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ⃻ ࠇ ࠆ ๺ ṽ ߩ ᒻ ᘒ ⚛ ‫ ޡޠ‬࿖ ⺆ ࿖ ᢥ ⺰㓸 ‫ޢ‬ ภ ቇ ⠌ 㒮 ᅚ ሶ ⍴ ᦼ ᄢ ቇ ࿖ ⺆ ࿖ ᢥ ቇ ળ R 㧙㧙㧙㧔 D㧕 ‫ޟ‬ᷙ⒳⺆ߩ⺆᭴ᚑ‫ޠ‬ ‫ ޡ‬ቇ ⠌ 㒮 ᅚ ሶ ⍴ ᦼ ᄢ ቇ ♿ ⷐ ‫ޢ‬ ภ R ේ ㊁ ੫ ሶ㧔㧕 ‫ޟ‬ᄖ᧪⺆෸߮ᄖ᧪⺆ᚑಽࠍ฽߻ᷙ⒳⺆ᜰዉ਄ߩ໧㗴 ὐ ̆ ߘ ߩ ̆ ‫ ޡޠ‬ർ ਻ Ꮊ ᄢ ቇ ᢥ ቇ ㇱ ♿ ⷐ ‫ ޢ‬ภ R ㊁ ᧛ 㓷 ᤘ 㧔㧕‫ ⚿ ޟ‬ว ኾ ↪ ᒻ ᘒ ߩ ⶄ ว ሼ 㖸⺆ ၮ ‫ ޡޠ‬ᣧ Ⓑ ↰ ᄢ ቇ ᣣ ᧄ ⺆ ⎇ ⓥ ᢎ ⢒ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ ♿ ⷐ ‫ ޢ‬ภ R ᨋ ᘢ ำ㧔㧕㨬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ᚑ ಽ ࠍ ฽ ߻ ᷙ ⒳ ⺆ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ̆ ߘ ߩ ㅧ ⺆ ታ ᘒ ߣ ᭴ ᚑ ⷐ ⚛ ࠍ ਛ ᔃ ߦ ̆ 㨭‫ ⺆ ⚡ ╳ ޡ‬ቇ ⺰ ฌ ᅏ ᧛ ਃ 㓶 ඳ ჻ ㅊ ᖬ ⸥ ᔨ ⺰ ᢥ 㓸 ‫ ޢ‬㘑㑆 ᦠ ᚱ R ⍹ ㊁ ඳ ผ 㧔㧕‫ ⃻ ޡ‬ઍ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ⠨ ‫ ޢ‬ᄢ ୃ 㙚 ᦠ ᐫ ⍹ ✎ ᢅ 㓶㧔㧕‫ ޡ‬ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ ߣ ⧷ ⺆ ߩ ⼱㑆 ‫ ⑺ ޢ‬ጊ ᦠ ᐫ 㧙㧙㧙㧔㧕‫ ޡ‬ၮ ᧄ ᄖ ᧪ ⺆ㄉ ౖ ‫ ᧲ ޢ‬੩ ၴ ಴ ⺆଀⺞ᩏ⾗ᢱ ‫࡞ࡦࡖࠫޡ‬೎✬㓸 ᦨᣂࠞ࠲ࠞ࠽↪⺆‫ޠࠆ⷗߻⺒ޟ‬੐ౖ‫␠⺣⻠ ޢ‬ ✬ 1998 ᐕ ⻠⺣ ␠. .

(28) 190 ѯ τ С Ґ ᇮ Н ः ‫ ف‬5. ‫ ޡ‬#'4#‫ ޢ‬ᐕ ᦬ ̆ ᐕ ᦬ ╙ Ꮞ ภ ㅢ Ꮞ ภ ̆ ╙ Ꮞ ภ ㅢ Ꮞ ภ ߩ ஧ ᢙ ᦬ ಽ ‫ ̉ ޡ‬01 ᐕ 㐓 ઍ ⴫ ࠪ ࠽ ࡝ ࠝ 㓸 ‫ ࠝ ࡝ ࠽ ࠪ ޢ‬૞ ኅ ද ળ ✬ 2002 ᐕ ᤋ ੱ ␠ ‫ ޡ‬౻ ߩ ࠝ ࡍ ࡜ ‫ ޢ‬ർ ᧛ ⮍ ⪺ ᐕ ⷺ Ꮉ ᦠ ᐫ ‫ ▵ ↰ ◉ ޢ ࡓ ࠛ ࠗ ࠢ ࡟ ޡ‬ሶ ⪺ ᐕ ᢥ ⮫ ᤐ ⑺ ‫ ⺃ ߩ ߒ ࠄ ߇ ࠎ ߣ ޡ‬ᖺ ‫ ޢ‬ᬁ ฬ ⺈ ⪺ ᐕ ᢥ ⮫ ᤐ ⑺ .

(29)