社區能力與社區生活品質之研究：對社區治理與社區發展的意涵

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(1)ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය Ȥࣴ‫ز‬ፕЎȥ ҇104ԃ9Д ।1-35 ୯ҥࡹ‫ݯ‬εᏢϦӅՉࡹᏢ‫س‬. ۤડਕ˧ᄃۤડϠ߿‫ݡ‬ኳ̝ࡁտĈ ၆ۤડ‫ڼ‬நᄃۤડ൴ण۞ຍஉ. *. เ໚‫ם‬ăఄܺ‫ڄ‬ăᆒ৵ࠡ ** Ƞᄔाȡ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ԑӧ௖૸‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐ໔‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯ǴЀ‫ૈ୔ޗࢂځ‬ Κჹ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴ٠Ᏽаϩ‫݋‬ჹѠ᡼‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ ఼Ƕ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κ୔ϩᓉᄊૈΚᆶ୏ᄊૈΚǴᓉᄊૈΚхࡴ 5 ঁԛय़ӛȐᜢ߯ ΚǵΓၗΚǵ଄‫ނ‬ΚǵᕉნΚᆶЎϯΚȑǴӅी 52 ঁᚒ໨ǹ୏ᄊૈΚх ࡴ 4 ঁԛय़ӛȐୖᆶΚǵೱ่ΚǵሦᏤΚᆶಔᙃΚȑǴӅी 40 ঁᚒ໨Ƕ ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦୔ϩࣁ‫ٿ‬εय़ӛˇঁΓቫભᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ቫભғࢲࠔ፦ǴঁΓቫભ хࡴ 3 ঁԛय़ӛȐ‫ୖ୔ޗ‬ᆶǵ‫୔ޗ‬ཀ᛽ᆶۚՐᕉნȑǴӅी 27 ঁᚒ໨ǹ ‫୔ޗ‬ቫભхࡴ 3 ঁԛय़ӛȐΓЎ௲‫ػ‬ǵ࿶ᔮᅽࣸᆶϦӅ೛ࡼȑǴӅी 44 ঁᚒ໨Ƕࣴ‫ز‬ኬҁ߯௦ PPS ‫ܜ‬ኬБ‫ݤ‬ǴԾѠ᡼ҁ৞ϐ 6,220 ঁҥਢ‫୔ޗ‬ว ৖‫ ڗܜ཮ڐ‬1,200 ঁࣁࣴ‫ز‬ኬҁǴ‫ڙ‬ೖ‫ޑ཮ڐࣁޣ‬౛٣ߏ‫܈‬ᕴ༸٣Ǵჴሞ ֹԋԖਏୢ‫ ڔ‬640 ҽǶࣴ‫ز‬ว౜Ǵ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦‫ޣٿ‬ϐ໔Ӹӧ ‫׫‬ዺВයǺ103 ԃ 10 Д 16 Вǹௗ‫ڙ‬тฦВයǺ104 ԃ 9 Д 10 ВǶ * ҁЎࣁࣽ‫מ‬೽ံշ஑ᚒࣴ‫ز‬ीฝȨԋߏ‫܈‬ว৖ǻˇ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬ȩϐ ೽ϩࣴ‫ز‬ԋ݀ȐNSC 98-2410-H-260-046-SS2ȑǹբ‫ޣ‬གᖴ‫ٿ‬Տቩࢗ‫ہ‬঩ග‫ڀٮ‬ᡏǵᆒ៘ Ъᝊ຦‫ޑ‬অ҅ཀ‫ـ‬Ƕ ** ໳ྍ‫ࣁڐ‬୯ҥᄤࠄ୯ሞεᏢ‫ࡹ཮ޗ‬฼ᆶ‫཮ޗ‬πբᏢ‫س‬੝င௲௤Ƕ ಷܷ߭ࣁ୯ҥᄤࠄ୯ሞεᏢচໂว৖ၠሦୱᏢγᏢՏᏢำշ౛௲௤Ǵ೯ૻբ‫ޣ‬Ǵe-mail: [email protected]Ƕ ቅનࣔࣁࠄ๮εᏢᔈҔ‫཮ޗ‬Ꮲ‫س‬շ౛௲௤Ƕ Ʉ1Ʉ.

(2) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. ๱ଯࡋ‫҅ޑ‬ӛᜢᖄ‫܄‬ǶќѦǴ‫୔ޗ‬ᓉᄊ‫ޑ‬Ȩ଄୍ΚȩϷ୏ᄊ‫ޑ‬Ȩᜢ߯ ΚȩǴჹ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦Ԗᡉ๱‫ޑ‬ှញΚǶӧ٩ࣴ‫่݀ز‬຾Չϩ‫૸ک݋‬ፕ ࡕǴҁࣴ‫ز‬ගрϖ໨ࡌ᝼‫ٮ‬҂ٰѠ᡼ӧ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖௢୏΢‫ୖޑ‬ ԵǶ [ᜢᗖຒ]Ǻ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κǵ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ǵ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ǵ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖ǵ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ڐ‬ ཮. ൧ȃࠊّ ⁛䴙ᶲ炻㓧⹄䘬℔ℙ㚵⊁廠復㗗䓙㓧⹄䥹ⰌἮ㍸ὃ炻䣦⋨⍫冯␴㈽ℍ⛘㕡㚵⊁ 廠復䘬㱣䎮忶䦳㗗䦨⮹炻䓂军ᶵ⬀⛐䘬炻Ữ㗗晐叿㓧⹄⛐䚜㍍㚵⊁ὃ䴎奺刚䘬㤝⮷ ⊾炻ẍ⍲⮯㍸ὃ㚵⊁䘬屔ả廱䦣军㮹攻悐攨␴朆䆇⇑䳬䷼㗪炻⌛↢䎦ᶨ䧖普橼埴≽ 䘬㕘⼊⺷炻忁䧖廱嬲塓䧙ᷳ䁢ˬ䫔ᶱ嶗䶂˭炷The Third Way炸炻℞䚖㧁㗗天⮯ⶪ ⟜␴䣦⋨䲵ℍ㱣䎮䘬忶䦳炷O’Toole, Dennis, Kilpatrick, & Farmer, 2010: 430炸ˤ䔞忁䧖ˬ德忶䣦⋨Ἦ䭉䎮˭炷governing through community炸ㆾˬ廱⎹䣦⋨˭炷turn to community炸ᷳ㱣䎮㧉⺷ㆸ䁢℔ℙ㱣䎮䘬㕘怠枭ᷳ晃炻⬫ᶵ⁭塓夾䁢㗗䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬慵天㕡⺷ᷳᶨ炷Pill & Bailey, 2012炸炻Ṏ塓娵䁢㗗㓡┬䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬ˬ┬㱣˭ 炷good governance炸炷Bowles & Gintis, 2002烊㰇㖶ᾖ炻2009烉10炸ˤ ˬ䣦⋨䘤⯽˭炷community development炸㚱℞忶䦳䚖㧁炻ḇ㚱℞ả⊁䚖㧁炻⯙ 忶䦳侴妨炻䣦⋨䘤⯽㫚德忶ˬ䣦⋨➡≃˭炷community empowerment炸ẍ㍸㖯ˬ䣦 ⋨傥≃˭炷community capacity炸烊⯙ả⊁侴妨炻䣦⋨䘤⯽㫚德忶䣦㚫℔⸛␴㬋佑䑘⠫䘬䆇忈炻ẍ㍸㖯ˬ䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒˭炷community life quality炸ˤ⃀䭉䣦⋨傥≃ 冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒ㆾ㚱斄倗ㆾ⼙枧炻Ữ℞斄Ὢ㗗⏎⽭䃞㗗㬋⎹䘬ṵ㚱⼭㕇惴ˤἳ⤪炻劍⮯䣦⋨䴻㾇夾䁢㗗䣦⋨傥≃䘬ᶨ䑘炻⬫᷎ᶵ⽭䃞⮵䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒㗗㚱≑䙲䘬ˤ Green 冯 Haines 炷 2008 炸 ⌛ ㊯ ↢ 炻䴻㾇 ⎗ 傥㚫 ˣ ḇ ⎗ 傥 ᶵ 㚫 ⮶ 农 ˬ 䘤 ⯽ ˭ 炷development炸炻ᶨᾳ䣦⋨䘬屉⭴⡆≈Ḯ炻Ữ劍㗗䓙⮹㔠⭞⹕㇨㊩㚱炻忁䧖㓡嬲 ⮯塓夾䁢㗗ᶨ䧖ˬㆸ攟˭炷growth炸侴朆ˬ䘤⯽˭ˤ⛐䣦⋨䘬傰䴉墉炻ㆸ攟⎗傥⁭ 㗗䘤⯽䘬㨇㚫炻⬫ᶵ⽭䃞ⷞἮ嵛ẍ嬻ṢᾹ奢⼿䓇㳣⑩岒⶚䌚⼿㓡┬䘬䘤⯽ˤ. Ʉ2Ʉ.

(3) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. 䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬䚠斄嬘柴⶚⺽䘤⺋㲃䘬妶婾炷ἳ⤪烉Chaskin, Brown, Venkatesh, & Vidal, 2001; Craig, 2007; Das, O’Neill, & Pinkerton, 2015; Fleeger & Becker, 2008; Nye & Glickman, 2000; Toomey, 2011炸炻ᶼ㚱ṃ⚳⭞䘬䣦⋨㕡㟰⌛㍉ ⍾䣦⋨傥≃⺢㥳䘬徼⼹炷Collier & Mitchell, 2015; Muljono, 2011; NRU, 2004; Pill & Bailey, 2012炸炻䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䚠斄嬘柴㚜㗗㖑⶚⍿⇘斄㲐炷Marans, 2003; Raphael et al., 2001; Zautra, Beier, & Cappel, 1977炸炻Ṏᶵ᷷㚱⮵䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒 ᷳ攻䘬䚠斄嬘柴忚埴㍊妶炻McPhee 冯 Bare炷2001炸⌛娵䁢炻䣦⋨朆䆇⇑䳬䷼䘬傥 ≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒㗗㚱⼙枧䘬炻Collier 冯 Mitchell炷2015炸⻟婧炻ˬ䣦⋨䴻㾇䤷䣱˭炷economic well-being炸⮵䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬慵天⿏ˤ䃞侴炻䔞䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨ 䓇㳣⑩岒䚠斄嬘柴ᶵ㕟塓㍸↢㗪炻ㆹᾹ⌣䘤䎦ẍ⼨䘬䞼䨞庫ῷ⎹⮯䣦⋨傥≃夾䁢╖ ᶨ䘬㤪⾝炻ㆾ⎒婾⍲⮹姙䘬朊⎹炷ἳ⤪炻䣦⋨⍫冯ˣ䣦⋨屉⊁ˣ䣦⋨➢䢶⺢姕䫱炸炻㘖念仢᷷ẍ⣂朊⎹䘬徼⼹Ḱẍ㍊妶炻䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䚠斄䞼䨞Ṏ㚱栆Ụ䘬䉨㱩ˤ ⎘䀋冒 1965 ⸜炻埴㓧昊㮹䓇ᷣ佑䎦昶㭝䣦㚫㓧䫾℔ⶫ⼴炻ˬ䣦⋨䘤⯽˭㬋⺷塓↿䁢℞ᶫ⣏⮎㕥天枭ᷳᶨ炻晐⼴炻㓧⹄映临㍐↢⎬䧖䣦⋨䘤⯽䚠斄䘬妰䔓ㆾ㕡㟰ˤ㬟䴻⋲ᶾ䲨䘬䘤⯽炻ㆹᾹᶵ䤩⤥⣯⛘゛天䞍忻烉冢䀋䣦⋨䘬䣦⋨傥≃䉨㱩⤪ ỽ烎䣦⋨⯭㮹⮵㕤䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬デ⍿⤪ỽ烎䣦⋨傥≃㗗⏎㚫⼙枧䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒烎 ⎎⢾炻䔞⇵䘬䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬忋䳸炻⮵㕤䔞Ṳ䘬枿⍿慵夾䘬ˬ䣦⋨㱣䎮˭炷community governance炸㚱ỽ慵天シ㵝烎㛔䞼䨞昌㫚㍊妶ˬ䣦⋨傥≃˭冯 ˬ䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒˭ℑ侭䘬㤪㱩冯斄Ὢ⢾炻Ṏ㛇⼭傥ὅ㒂⮎嫱䞼䨞䘬䳸㝄炻㍸↢㚱≑ 㕤‍ℐ䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦⋨䘤⯽ᷳ㓧䫾⇞妪ㆾ⮎⊁忳ἄᶲ䘬䚠斄⺢嬘ˤ䵄⎰侴妨炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞䚖䘬㬠䲵⤪ᶳ烉 ᶨˣ㍊妶冢䀋䣦⋨ᷳ䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬㤪㱩⍲℞斄倗⿏ˤ Ḵˣ↮㜸䣦⋨䈡⿏冯䣦⋨傥≃⮵䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬⼙枧⍲℞斄Ὢ㧉⺷ˤ ᶱˣὅ㒂䞼䨞䘤䎦㍸↢⎗ὃ⎘䀋䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦⋨䘤⯽㓧䫾ㆾ⮎⊁夷∫䘬䚠斄⺢嬘ˤ. Ʉ3Ʉ.

(4) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. ະȃНᝧᔯᎨ Κȃަୣ‫ޠ‬ཏోᇅጓᛠ 䣦⋨炷community炸ᶨ娆㗗䣦㚫䥹⬠ⷠ䓐䘬㤪⾝ᷳᶨ炻Ữ⬫⌣仢᷷㖶䡢䘬⭂ 佑ˤ䣦⋨⎗傥㗗䓙役惘ㆾ埴㓧廬⋨㇨䳬ㆸ炻ㆾ侭㗗℟㚱ℙ⎴㔯⊾ㆾ䚠⎴䈡岒ˣ⇑䙲 ㆾ⓷柴䘬ᶨ佌Ṣ㇨䳬ㆸ炷Hardina, 2013: 26炸ˤGreen 冯 Haines 娵䁢炷2008: 2炸炻䣦⋨⊭㊔ᶱ枭天䳈烉炷1炸⋨➇ㆾ⛘㕡烊炷2炸㍸ὃ⯭㮹ᷳ攻夷⼳⿏Ḻ≽䘬䣦㚫䳬䷼ ㆾ⛀橼烊ẍ⍲炷3炸➢㕤ℙ⎴⇑䙲ḳẞ䘬䣦㚫Ḻ≽ˤMattessich 冯 Monsey炷1997: 6炸Ṏ㊩栆Ụ䘬䚳㱽炻娵䁢䣦⋨㗗㊯ṢᾹỷ⛐ᶨᾳ⛘䎮ᶲ塓䭬⭂䘬⋨➇ℏ炻ᶼ⼤㬌 ⍲䣦⋨ᷕ䘬Ṣ℟⁁䣦㚫朊冯⽫䎮朊䘬倗专ˤ忁ṃ⭂佑⼘栗↢䣦⋨䘬シ㵝炻昌⁛䴙ᷳ ⽫䎮シ嬀⍲⛘䎮䨢攻䘬天䳈⢾炷⛘䶋炸炻⮵斄⽫ℙ⎴ḳ⊁ㆾ嬘柴侭侴䳬ㆸ䘬ᶨ佌Ṣ ḇ䌚⼿娵⎗炷ḳ䶋炸ˤ ⁛䴙ᶲ炻⎘䀋⮵㕤䣦⋨䘬⭂佑㗗ẍˬ⛘䶋˭䁢ᷣ炻㘂役⥳㒜⯽军ˬḳ䶋˭ˤ⯙ ⛘䶋侴妨炻⚈⁛䴙ᷳᶨ㛹慴ᶨ䣦⋨䘬夷䭬炻ἧ⼿䣦⋨⛘䎮䭬⚵⼨⼨冯㛹慴䚠ầ炻㓭 ⛐䎮⾝ᶲ庫ᶵ⍿㬉彶炻ㆾ娵䁢℞⭂佑忶㕤䊡晀ˤ⯙ḳ䶋侴妨炻⬫⶚崭崲⁛䴙䣦⋨ㆾ 㛹慴ᷳ䊡晀䘬䨢攻炻᷎⮯斄㲐䘬䃎溆廱䦣军ˬ䈡⭂℔ℙ嬘柴˭炻Ṏ⌛炻ὅ㒂℞㇨斄⽫䘬嬘柴炷ἳ⤪烉㔯⊾ˣ䓇ンˣ䑘⠫ㆾ㔁做䫱炸炻㔠ᾳ䣦⋨ℙ⎴㍉⍾嶐䣦⋨䘬⎰ἄ 㧉⺷炻ᶨ崟㍐≽䨢攻炷䈑岒炸ㆾ㔯⊾炷Ṣ㔯炸㕡朊䘬⺢姕ˤ ⃀䭉䣦⋨䘬⭂佑グἮグ㚱⻰⿏炻Ữ⛐䣦⋨嬘柴䘬䞼䨞炻姙⣂㍉⍾ᾳ㟰⺷䘬䞼䨞怬㗗ẍ⛘䎮⋨➇㇨䭬⭂䘬䣦⋨䁢ᷣ炷ἳ⤪炻悕䐆✌ˣ䌳㗍⊅ˣ昛楁⇑炻2006烊㠩䁛䏐ˣ⻝攟佑炻2005炸ˤ⛐⮎姤䞼䨞ᶲ炻Coulton炷2005: 75炸⌛㊯↢炻⭂佑䣦⋨䘬䓴旸㗗䣦⋨䞼䨞冯䣦㚫ⶍἄ⮎⊁㇨怕忯⇘䘬椾天㊹㇘炻䓙㕤℞㧉䱲ᶵ㶭䘬䈡⿏炻⮯⼙枧䞼䨞䘬⎗月⹎冯䴙妰侫槿≃炻Ṏ旵ỶḮ⮵䣦⋨㓰㝄䘬Ộ妰ˤ䃞侴炻➢㕤䞼䨞⎗埴⿏䘬䎦⮎侫慷炻姙⣂䞼䨞侭怬㗗⽭枰⚆㬠⇘⛘䎮⋨➇䘬∫↮➢㸾炻ẍ 䁢䞼䨞㉥㧋䘬ὅ㒂炷ἳ⤪炻Obst, Smith, & Zinkiewicz, 2002; Prezza & Constantini, 1998烊㜿ᾉ ⺟ˣ 匲ὸ 㖽 ˣ∱ 䳈䍵 ˣ 湫㸸 ⋼炻2012 烊湫㸸 ⋼ ˣ∱ 䳈䍵 ˣ 匲ὸ 㖽ˣ 㜿 ᾉ⺟炻 2010炸ˤ⃀䭉⬫⎗傥⚈⛘䎮⋨䘬侫慷侴塓岒䔹暋ẍ䛇㬋ẋ堐䣦⋨⯭㮹䘬普橼シ嬀炻 Ữ忁⌣㗗忚埴䞼䨞㇨⽭枰朊⮵䘬㈱㑯ˤ䁢㬌炻⛐㑵ἄᶲ炻㛔䞼䨞Ṏ⮯䣦⋨䭬䔯䭬⭂ 㕤ˬ⛘䶋˭奨溆ᷳˬ䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫˭ᷳ柀⮶侭㇨䭬⭂䘬䣦⋨ˤ. Ʉ4Ʉ.

(5) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. Ρȃަୣ‫ݾ‬౪‫ޠ‬ཏోᇅ᜹࠯ ⛐℔ℙ㚵⊁䘬廠復ᶲ炻䔞䥹Ⰼ㍏⇞冯ⶪ⟜ὃ䴎㧉⺷䚠两⣙曰ᷳ⼴炻ˬ䵚䴉㱣䎮˭炷network governance炸晐ᷳㆸ䁢℔䥩悐攨Ḻ≽䘬㕘怠㑯炻䃞侴炻⚈䵚䴉㇨⊭ ⏓䘬䭬⚵忶㕤⺋㲃炻昌㴱⍲⎬埴≽侭ᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽炻ḇ⊭㊔ᾳ⇍埴≽侭䘬冒ㆹ㱣䎮ˤ 冒ㆹ㱣䎮䈡⇍⻟婧ᾳ⇍䣦⋨ℏ悐䘬娵⎴ˣℙ嬀⺢䩳ẍ⍲冒ᷣ忳ἄ炻℟㚱䚠⮵庫⻟䘬 ᷣ橼⿏冯屔ả佑⊁炻⚈侴⬫⽆䵚䴉䘬㤪⾝埵䓇↢ˬ䣦⋨㱣䎮㧉⺷˭炷community governance model炸炷Thompson, Frances, Levaþiü, & Mitchell, 1991炸ˤ忁䧖䘤⯽嵐 ⊊昌䨩栗䥹Ⰼ冯ⶪ⟜㱣䎮䘬⺷⽖⢾炻Ṏ⼘栗↢ˬ䣦佌ᷣ佑˭炷communitarianism炸㇨⻟婧ᷳ⛘㕡㮹ᷣ炷local democracy炸冯℔㮹䣦㚫炷civic society炸䘬䎮⾝⍿⇘曺䜆ˤ 㛔岒ᶲ炻䣦⋨㱣䎮⌛㗗ᶨ䧖䣦⋨䘬冒ㆹ㱣䎮ㆾ℔㮹㱣䎮炷Kooiman, 1993: 79炸炻⬫㗗ᶨ䧖⛐⛘⯭㮹䁢Ḯ䣦⋨普橼⇑䙲䘬埴≽炻℞⍫冯侭⎗傥⊭㊔℔ˣ䥩␴⽿栀悐攨䘬㇨㚱埴 ≽ 侭炷 O’Toole & Burdess, 2004: 434 炸 ˤ Woods ˣ Edwards ˣ Anderson 冯 Fahmy ㊯↢炻䣦⋨㱣䎮Ὢ㊯ˬᶨ䧖崭崲⛘㕡埴㓧⋨ᷳ⍫冯䘬㳣≽炻᷎ 㴱⍲䣦⋨ℏᷳ℔ℙ㚵⊁䘬㍸ὃㆾ⢾悐㨇㥳ᷳ䣦⋨⇑䙲ẋ堐䘬㇨㚱㳣≽˭炷O’Toole & Burdess, 2004: 434炸ˤBox炷1998: 19炸⛐䣦⋨㱣䎮⍇⇯ᷕṎ㍸⍲烉ˬ℔㮹ˣ㮹シ ẋ堐冯➢Ⰼ⭀⒉⽭枰ᶨ崟Ἦ㱣䎮䣦⋨炻德忶ᾳṢㆾ普橼⛘冒䓙怠㑯冒㰢䦳⹎炻ᷣ⮶ 冒⶙䣦⋨䔞⛘䘬℔ℙ䓇㳣˭炷㰇㖶ᾖ炻2009烉7炸ˤ栗夳炻䣦⋨㱣䎮⯙⛐㕤堐⽝⛘ 㕡ᷣ⮶冯℔㮹䘬冒ㆹ㱣䎮炻℔㮹⮵冒⶙㇨䓇㳣ᷳ䣦⋨䘬ḳ⊁ᶵ⁭天傥㑩㚱㚜⣂䘬㰢䫾㪲炻ḇ栀シ㑼屈崟⮎嶸℔ℙ㓧䫾䘬ᷣ⮶㪲屔ˤ 䣦⋨㱣䎮䘬徼⼹⶚⍿⇘ṢᾹ␴䣦⋨䘬慵夾炻ᶨ㕡朊⬫㍸ὃḮᶨ䧖Ṣ㮹⎗ẍ⍫冯 ⍲䘤倚䘬䭉忻炷Das et al., 2015炸炻⎎ᶨ㕡朊Ṏ⼘栗↢℔㮹⍫冯䁢⮎嶸䣦⋨㱣䎮ᶵ ⎗ㆾ仢䘬天䳈ˤ⽆⍫冯⍲冒ᷣ⿏䘬奺⹎侴妨炻䣦⋨㱣䎮㚱ℑ䧖奨溆烉炷1炸⛘㕡⛀ 橼塓㔜⎰忚⛘㕡㓧⹄㛔幓䳸㥳䘬⬴ℐ㔜⎰奨溆炷a fully integrated approach炸烊炷2炸叿慵㕤⛘㕡䳬䷼⭋䧙ẋ堐⛘㕡⯭㮹䘬⇑䙲炻᷎䌐䩳㕤⛘㕡㓧⹄䳸㥳䘬⬴ℐ冒 ᷣ奨溆炷a fully independent approach炸炷O’Toole & Burdess, 2004: 435炸ˤLowndes 冯 Sullivan炷2008炸⇯ὅ℞⍇䎮␴䚖䘬炻⮯䣦⋨㱣䎮⋨↮䁢⚃䧖栆✳烉炷1炸ὅ℔㮹 ⍇ 䎮炷 civic rationale 炸 ᷳ 忚埴 ℔ 㮹 ␴ 䣦 ⋨ ➡ ≃ 烊炷 2 炸 ὅ 䣦㚫 ⍇ 䎮炷 social rationale 炸 ᷳ ⮵ ᶨ ᾳ ⛘ ⋨ ㍉ ⍾ ℐ 奨䘬 ề Ờ 斄 Ὢ 烊炷 3 炸 ὅ 㓧㱣 ⍇ 䎮炷 political rationale炸ᷳ德忶㕘⺷ẋ堐␴⍫冯Ἦ忚埴䴙㱣烊ẍ⍲炷4炸ὅ䴻㾇⍇䎮炷economic. Ʉ5Ʉ.

(6) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. rationale炸ᷳ㚜㚱㓰傥䘬䭉䎮⛘㕡㚵⊁廠復ˤ䁢Ὣ忚䣦⋨䘤⯽ᷳ㍸⋯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒 ᷳ䚖㧁䘬忼ㆸ炻℔㮹䣦㚫䘬ㆸ⒉枰夾䣦⋨䘬ね⠫炻⯌℞㗗䣦⋨傥≃䘬䳬⎰䉨㱩炻䳸 ⎰ㆾ⻰⿏忳䓐⎬䧖ᶵ⎴䘬㱣䎮栆✳ˤ. ήȃަୣ૗Ω‫ޠ‬ཏోᇅ࡛ᄻ ȞΚȟަୣ૗Ω‫ޠ‬ཏోġ 䣦⋨傥≃ᶨ娆⛐大㕡⚳⭞⶚塓⺋㲃ἧ䓐炻Chaskin 䫱Ṣ炷2001: 7炸娵䁢烉ˬ䣦 ⋨傥≃Ὢ㊯⬀⛐ᶨᾳ䈡⭂䣦⋨ℏ䘬Ṣ≃屯㛔ˣ䳬䷼屯㸸⍲䣦㚫屯㛔䘬Ḻ≽炻⬫⎗䓐㕤䁢妋㰢普橼⓷柴炻ẍ⍲㓡┬ㆾ䵕专䣦⋨䤷䣱䘬ㇳ㭝˭ˤLaverack炷2006: 267炸娵䁢烉ˬ䣦⋨傥≃Ὢ㊯ᶨ䧖忶䦳炻⬫⎗⡆忚ᶨᾳ䣦⋨傥⣈⺽↢㓡┬℞䓇㳣䘬屯䓊␴ Ⱄ⿏˭ˤRubin 冯 Rubin炷2008: 97炸⇯娵䁢烉ˬ䣦⋨傥≃Ὢ㊯⛐ᶨᾳ䣦⋨ℏᷳ姙⣂ ᾳṢ䘬普橼䞍嬀炻ẍ⍲⎗䓐㕤妋㰢⓷柴䘬䴻㾇ˣ䈑岒ˣ䣦㚫␴䳬䷼䘬屯㸸˭ˤ䵄⎰ ⇵徘⬠侭Ᾱ䘬婒㱽炻ㆾ姙⎗䚳↢䣦⋨傥≃䘬忳ἄ炻℞䚖䘬⌛⛐㕤妋㰢䣦⋨普橼⓷柴 ㆾ㍸㖯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒炻䁢忼⇘㬌ᶨ䚖䘬炻⎗ẍ䓙ℑᾳ朊⎹Ἦ↮㜸䣦⋨傥≃䘬シ㵝ʇ 忶䦳冯ℏ⭡ˤ ⯙忶䦳侴妨炻䣦⋨傥≃⌛㗗ᶨ䧖䣦⋨妋㰢普橼⓷柴ㆾὫ忚䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬埴≽ 㬟䦳炻德忶䣦⋨ᷕ䘬ᾳṢ冯ᾳṢˣᾳṢ冯䳬䷼ˣẍ⍲䳬䷼冯䳬䷼ᷳ攻䘬Ḻ≽炻䓂军㗗冯䣦⋨⢾䘬屯㸸䓊䓇忋䳸炻ẍ䳗䧵㚜⣂䘬䣦⋨屯䓊ㆾ≃慷炻ẍ㛇㚱≑㕤埴≽䚖䘬䘬忼ㆸˤChaskin 䫱Ṣ炷2001炸⌛娵䁢炻䣦⋨傥≃䘬䳗䧵枰德忶⣂Ⰼ㫉⨺ṳ≇㓰䘬䳬⎰ʇᾳṢˣ䳬䷼冯䵚䴉炻忁䧖䣦⋨傥≃䘬≽ン忶䦳ḇ⌛㗗 RaeburnˣAkermanˣ ChuengsatiansupˣMejia 冯 Oladepo炷2007炸㇨㍸ᷳ傥≃⺢㥳䘬ˬ䘤⯽傥≃ᷳ忶䦳˭ 炷process of developing competence炸ˤ ⯙ℏ⭡侴妨炻䣦⋨傥≃⌛㗗ᶨᾳ䣦⋨䘬屯䓊ㆾ≃慷䘬䷥␴炻Green 冯 Haines 炷2008炸㇨㍸ᷳˬ䣦⋨屯䓊˭䘬ᶫ⣏栆✳炻怑嵛ẍẋ堐ᶨᾳ䣦⋨ᷳ傥≃䘬䷥⎰炻⊭ ㊔烉䈑岒䘬ˣṢ≃䘬ˣ䣦㚫䘬ˣ屉⊁䘬ˣ䑘⠫䘬ˣ㓧㱣䘬ẍ⍲㔯⊾䘬屯䓊ˤ⛐伶 ⚳炻䁢Ḯ姽Ộˬ䣦⋨䘤⯽ềỜ˭炷Community Development Partnership, CDP炸⮵ ˬ䣦⋨䘤⯽㱽Ṣ˭炷Community Development Corporation, CDC炸䘬⼙枧炻⮯䣦⋨傥 ≃↮ㆸḼ䧖ㆸ↮烉屯㸸ˣ䳬䷼ˣ䵚䴉ˣ㕡㟰⍲㓧㱣傥≃炷Lowe, 2008炸ˤ㬌⢾炻劙 ⚳䘬ˬ惘慴㚜㕘彎℔⭌˭炷Neighbourhood Renewal Unit, NRU炸炷2006炸㍸↢⻟≃ 䣦⋨䘬⚾⁷㗗䓙Ḽ枭㊯㧁㇨䳬ㆸ烉⛘㕡⍫冯㱣䎮ˣ䣦⋨ↅ倂␴圵⎰ˣ⽿栀埴䁢ˣ⛘ 㕡␴䣦⋨悐攨ˣẍ⍲慵天℔ℙ㚵⊁䓙⽿栀␴䣦⋨悐攨廠復炻劍ᶨᾳ䣦⋨⛐忁Ḽ枭㊯ Ʉ6Ʉ.

(7) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. 㧁䘬慷グ⣂⌛ẋ堐℞䣦⋨≃慷炷community strength炸グ⻟ˤ⚈㬌炻⯙ℏ⭡侴妨炻䣦 ⋨傥≃ḇ⌛㗗ᶨᾳ䣦⋨ℏᷳˬ䣦⋨屯䓊˭冯ˬ䣦⋨≃慷˭䘬䷥␴ˤ 䃉婾⽆忶䦳ㆾℏ⭡奨ᷳ炻婈⤪ Jackson ㇨妨炻ˬ䣦⋨傥≃˭᷎㰺㚱⣒⣂䘬䎮婾側㘗炷湫㘾㘜ˣ傉㵹屆炻2006炸炻ᶼ⛐シ佑ᶲḇ⬀⛐叿㧉䱲⿏炻劍天ᶳᾳ㖶䡢䘬⭂ 佑婈Ⱄᶵ㖻ˤ㛔䞼䨞⛐㑵ἄᶲ㍉䓐⏓㚱忶䦳冯ℏ⭡ᷳ庫䁢⺋佑䘬奨溆炻⮯䣦⋨傥≃ ⋨↮䁢朄ン冯≽ンℑᾳ朊⎹炻朄ン傥≃ῷ⎹ℏ⭡⍾⎹炻Ṏ⌛⬀⛐㕤ᶨᾳ䣦⋨ᷳ屯䓊 ㆾ≃慷炻ἳ⤪炻㚱⼊䘬䈑岒屯䓊炷⤪⺢䈑ˣ姕㕥姕⁁炸ˣṢ≃屯㸸炷⤪䣦⋨⯭㮹䞍嬀ˣ㈨傥炸ˣ䣦㚫屯㛔炷ᾉảˣ䵚䴉ˣ夷䭬炸烊≽ン傥≃ῷ⎹忶䦳⍾⎹炻Ṏ⌛䁢徥㯪䣦⋨䘤⯽侴㍉⍾䘬埴≽炻ἳ⤪炻䣦⋨⍫冯ˣ䣦⋨䳬䷼ˣ䣦⋨柀⮶ㆾ䳬䷼攻䘬忋䳸䫱ˤ. ȞΡȟަୣ૗Ω࡛ᄻġ ˬ䣦⋨傥≃⺢㥳˭炷community capacity building炸䁢䔞ẋ℔ℙ㓧䫾ᶲ枿⍿慵夾䘬嬘柴炻⃀䭉⛐⮎⊁ᶲ⬫⼰暋冯ˬ䣦⋨䘤⯽˭ ⋨彐炻ᶼⷞ㚱ˬ㕘䒞墅冲惺˭䘬シ㵝炻Ữ㝸䧖䦳⹎ᶲ⬫冯 Kretzmann 冯 McKnight炷1993炸㍸↢䘬ˬ䣦⋨屯䓊˭奨溆㗗䚠ầ䘬炻娚奨溆ᷣ⻝ㅱ⮯䃎溆伖㕤䣦⋨䘬⃒⊊炷屯䓊炸炻ẍ㚱⇍㕤⁛䴙䘬⓷柴炷暨㯪炸⮶⎹㧉⺷炻忁䧖ἄ㱽⌛ẋ堐㘂役䣦⋨䘤⯽⮎⊁ⶍἄ侭⛐㕡㱽ᶲ䘬ᷣ天廱嬲ˤBerkes 冯 Ross炷2013: 5炸⌛⻟婧炻天傥⣈䡢娵␴䘤⯽䣦⋨⃒⊊炻᷎德忶㨇㥳 ␴冒ㆹ䳬䷼Ἦ⺢䩳⽑⍇≃炻䈡⇍㗗天斄㲐⇘Ṣʇ⛘㕡䘬忋䳸ˣ₡ῤ冯ᾉ⾝ˣ䞍嬀␴ ⬠佺ˣ䣦㚫䵚䴉ˣ⋼≃㱣䎮ˣ䴻㾇⣂㧋⊾ˣ➢䢶䳸㥳⍲柀⮶䫱ˤ䁢㬌炻䣦⋨傥≃⍾ ⎹⌛シ␛叿䣦⋨ṳℍ䘬䃎溆炻⮯⽆䣦⋨䘬⓷柴炾暨㯪廱䦣军䣦⋨䘬屯䓊炾⃒⊊炻忁 ἧ⼿傥≃⺢㥳䘬㤪⾝攳⥳䌚⼿慵夾冯⻟婧ˤCnann 冯 Rothman炷2008炸⌛夾傥≃⺢㥳䁢ᶨ䧖䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬㕡㱽炻䓐㕤溻⊝惘慴冒≑ˣ屈屔ả䘬柀⮶ˣẍ⍲ᶨ䧖⮵℔㮹⍫ 冯䘬㈧媦ˤ⛐⮎⊁㑵ἄᶲ炻䣦⋨⎗ὅ℞冒幓䘬䈡⿏㍉⍾ᶵ⎴䘬䫾䔍炻⊭㊔炷Chaskin et al., 2001; Nye & Glickman, 2000; Rubin & Rubin, 2008; Pierson, 2008炸烉 1. 柀 ⮶ 䘤 ⯽ 烉叿慵㕤䣦 ⋨ ⺢㥳忶䦳 ᷕ ᾳ Ṣ 䘬㈨埻 ˣ ㈧媦 ˣ 借 ⊁ ␴ 㓰傥 ˤ Wescott炷2002炸⌛娵䁢炻傥≃⺢㥳⽭枰䚉⎗傥┬䓐⛘㕡䘬⮰⭞炻Toomey 炷2011炸⇯娵䁢炻䣦⋨柀⮶侭天傥⣈德忶⁔⊾ˣ㽨⊝ˣ⨺⎰␴Έ⮶䘬奺刚Ἦ ➡≃䣦⋨ˤ 2. 䳬䷼䘤⯽烉⊭㊔∝䩳㕘䘬䳬䷼ㆾ⻟⊾䎦㚱䳬䷼䘬≇傥炻ẍὧṾᾹ傥⣈⛐㖊㚱䘬ⶍἄᶲ㚱庫Ἓ䘬堐䎦炻ㆾ屈崟㕘䘬借屔ˤMcPhee 冯 Bare炷2001炸⌛⻟ Ʉ7Ʉ.

(8) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. 婧炻德忶䘤⯽䳬䷼Ἦ⺢䩳␴䵕专℔㮹⍫冯炻㗗䔞ẋ⻟≃䣦⋨䘬慵天䈡刚ᷳ ᶨˤ 3. 䣦⋨䳬䷼烉℞㧁䘬⛐㕤䣦⋨忳ἄ䘬䳸⎰ˣẍ⍲䁢䈡⭂普橼䘬䚖䘬侴≽⒉ᾳ⇍ 䘬⇑⭛斄ὪṢˤNye 冯 Glickman炷2000炸⌛⻟婧炻⛘㕡⣍Ờ㚫㍸ὃ屯慹ˣ ㈨埻㎜≑ˣ⍲℞⬫㚱≑㕤ㆸ攟␴㚵⊁℞惘慴䘬天䳈ˤ 4. 䳬䷼⎰ἄ烉Ὢ㊯德忶䳬䷼Ⰼ㫉ᷳ斄Ὢ䘬䘤⯽␴⎰ἄ䘬ềỜ斄Ὢ炻ẍ⺢㥳䣦⋨ ᷳ䳬䷼䘬⸽Ⰼ䳸㥳烊Ṏ⌛炻⻟⊾䵚䴉ㆸ⒉ㆾ䳬䷼䘬忋䳸ˤFleeger 冯 Becker 炷2008炸⌛⻟婧┬䓐⛘㕡㓧⹄ẍ⻟⊾㨇㥳攻䘬⎰ἄ炻⮵攳∝␴䵕专䣦⋨傥≃ 㚱℞慵天⿏ˤ 5. ㆸ≇埴≽烉啱䓙ㆸ≇埴≽䘬䴻槿Ἦ∝忈䣦⋨䘬傥≃ˤMattessich 冯 Monsey 炷1997炸⌛㊯↢炻㚦䴻㚱忶ㆸ≇䴻槿䘬䣦⋨炻℞䣦⋨䆇忈天㭼㰺㚱ㆸ≇䴻槿䘬䣦⋨㨇㚫天⣂ˤ. ήȃަୣҢࣁࠣ፵‫ޠ‬ཏోȃข໕ᇅኈ៫ӱષ ȞΚȟަୣҢࣁࠣ፵‫ޠ‬ཏోġ ˬᶾ䓴堃䓇䳬䷼˭炷World Health Organization, WHO炸⮯䓇㳣⑩岒⭂佑䁢ˬ⛐ 㔯⊾冯₡ῤ䲣䴙䘬䣦㚫傰䴉ᷕ炻ᾳṢ⮵℞䓇㳣㇨嗽䉨㱩ᷳデ奢˭炷WHO, 1999炸ˤ Seik炷2000炸⮯䓇㳣⑩岒䓴⭂䁢ˬᾳṢ⮵㔜橼䓇㳣䘬㺧シ⹎˭烊Costanza 䫱Ṣ 炷2007炸娵䁢炻䓇㳣⑩岒ⷠ塓䓐㕤ẋ堐ṢᾹ䘬暨㯪⤪ỽ塓㺧嵛炻ẍ⍲ᾳṢㆾ⛀橼⛐ 䓇㳣⎬柀➇デ⍿⇘㺧シㆾᶵ㺧シ䘬䦳⹎ˤAki 䫱Ṣ炷2008炸娵䁢炻䓇㳣⑩岒⊭㊔䓇㳣㺧シ⹎ˣ䣦㚫≇傥ˣ㖍ⷠ䓇㳣㳣≽ẍ⍲幓橼䘬‍⹟ˤ㛶㯠⯽ˣ⏛⬇剛炷2005炸娵䁢炻䓇㳣⑩岒Ὢ㊯ᶨ⚳Ṣ㮹⮵℞䓇㳣ᷕᶵ⎴䭬䔯ᷳ㺧シ䦳⹎炻Ṏ⌛Ṣ㮹⮵℞㇨嗽䓇㳣䑘⠫䘬㺧シ⹎ˤ 栗䃞炻⮵㕤䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䓴⭂㘖念ṵ㍉⍾㤪㊔⿏ㆾᷣ奨⿏䘬婒㱽炻ℵ≈ᶲ䓇㳣⑩ 岒ⷠ晐叿䞼䨞柀➇⍲㗪䨢䑘⠫傰䴉䘬ᶵᶨ炻ἧ℞䚠斄䞼䨞彬Ṳṵ仢᷷ᶨ⣿ᶨ农⿏䘬⺢㥳㕡㱽ㆾ㧁㸾炷Murphy, Cooney, Shea, & Casey, 2009炸ˤᶨ凔侴妨炻䞼䨞侭⮵䓇㳣⑩岒䘬妶婾⼨⼨暋ẍ嶛僓↢ˬ⭊奨˭炷objective炸冯ˬᷣ奨˭炷subjective炸䘬䭬䔯ˤˬ⭊奨˭䓇㳣⑩岒㗗⽆慷⊾䘬䣦㚫ˣ䴻㾇␴䑘⠫㊯㧁炻Ἦ⍵㗈ṢᾹ暨㯪㺧嵛䘬䦳⹎烊ˬᷣ奨˭䓇㳣⑩岒⇯“慵㕤ᾳṢᷣ奨䘬䤷䣱炻Ṏ⌛炻ᾳṢ冒奢⮵⎬柀➇䘬䓇㳣䤷䣱ㆾ㔜橼䓇㳣䤷䣱䘬⸠䤷デˣケ〭デㆾ㺧嵛デˤ䃞侴炻忁᷎朆䞼䨞侭⮵䓇㳣⑩ 岒䘬㍊妶㚱ˬᷣ奨˭ㆾˬ⭊奨˭ᷳ䇕炻ḳ⮎ᶲ炻䞼䨞ᶲᶵ᷷⽆ᶵ⎴䘬天䳈䳬⎰Ἦ㍊ Ʉ8Ʉ.

(9) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. 䨞䓇㳣⑩岒䘬朊尴炻Ṏ⌛炻䓇㳣⑩岒㗗ᶨ䧖墯⎰䘬奨⾝炻⬫㗗姙⣂ᶵ⎴Ⰼ朊䘬䳬⎰ 橼ˤ ⛐䣦⋨䘬傰䴉墉炻Zautra 䫱Ṣ炷1977: 85炸㊯↢炻䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬㤪⾝㝞㥳⊭ ㊔ᶱ枭⚈䳈烉⸠䤷デˣ䣦⋨⍫冯✳ン⍲ῷ⤥ˤ℞ᷕ炻⸠䤷デ㗗㚨嵛ẍ婒㖶䣦⋨䓇㳣 ⑩岒䘬妲〗炻ᷣ天ㆸ↮⊭㊔烉⭞⹕䓇㳣✳ンˣᾳṢ䓇㳣✳ンˣ䴻㾇䤷䣱ẍ⍲䓇␥桐晒ˤ䣦⋨⍫冯✳ン㗗ᶨ䧖㚜㶙⹎䝕妋ṢᾹ⍫冯䣦⋨㇨㍸ὃᷳ㳣≽䘬㕡⺷炻ᷣ天䘬⚈ 䳈䁢烉ⶍἄ屔ảˣ⭞⹕屔ảˣ⬿㔁ㆸ⒉幓ấẍ⍲冒ㆹ㳣⊾ἄ䓐ˤῷ⤥⛐䓇㳣⑩岒䘬堉慷ᶲ㗗㚨䁢栗叿䘬ʇ㬠屔⍾⎹ˣ屯㸸ῷ⤥ẍ⍲冒幓屔ảˤ. 䣦⋨ (㬉㦪䘬). ⎗⯭ġġ ỷ⿏ġ. 䑘⠫ (傥䓇⬀䘬). 䓇㳣ġġ ℔⸛䘬ġġ. ⑩岒ġġ. ĩ⎗役⿏Īġ. 䑘⠫ġġ 㯠临ġ. 䴻㾇ġġ ĩ嬲≽⿏Īġ. ⚾ᶨ 䓇ン奨溆ᷳ㚱䙲䣦⋨䣦㚫⑩岒ᷳ天䳈䘬㤪⾝㧉⺷屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ġ“A tale of three greenway trails: user perceptions related to quality of life”, by Shafer, C. S., B. K. Lee, & S. Turner, 2000, Landscape and Urban Planning, 49(3), 163178.ġ. ShaferˣLee 冯 Turner炷2000炸⽆ˬṢ㔯䓇ン⬠˭炷human ecology炸䘬奨溆娵䁢炻ᶨᾳ㯠临䘬䣦⋨天傥⣈䁢℞⯭㮹㍸ὃ᷎䵕专ᶨ䧖⃒岒䘬䓇㳣ˤ娚㧉⺷娵䁢䣦⋨ 䓇㳣⑩岒㗗䓙䣦⋨炷䣦㚫炸ˣ䴻㾇冯炷䈑䎮炸䑘⠫䫱ᶱ柀➇䘬⑩岒ᷳ㊩临⿏䘬Ḻ≽ ㇨∝忈↢炻ᶼ⎗⯭ỷ⿏ˣ㯠临⿏ˣ℔⸛⿏⍲䓇㳣⑩岒㗗䣦⋨ˣ䴻㾇冯䑘⠫ᶱ侭ᷳṌ Ḻἄ䓐䘬䳸㝄烊℞ᷕ炻⎗⯭ỷ⿏㗗䑘⠫冯䣦⋨炻㯠临⿏㗗䑘⠫冯䴻㾇炻℔⸛⿏⇯㗗. Ʉ9Ʉ.

(10) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. 䣦⋨冯䴻㾇䫱ṌḺἄ䓐䘬䳸㝄炻ᶱ枭柀➇ᷳ攻ṌḺἄ䓐䘬䳸㝄⌛㗗䓇㳣⑩岒炷⤪⚾ ᶨ炸ˤ ➢㕤⇵徘䘬↮㜸炻ㆹᾹㆾ⎗⮯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒⭂佑䁢烉ᶨᾳ⛘㕡䣦⋨䘬⯭㮹炻⮵ 㕤℞㇨⯭ỷ䣦⋨ᷳ䴻㾇ˣ䣦㚫ˣ䑘⠫ˣ䓇ンˣ㔯⊾ˣ‍⹟ˣ⬱ℐ⍲炷䓂军㗗炸㓧㱣 ⎬Ⰼ朊䘬デ⍿炻℞㇨⼊ㆸ䘬デ⍿⮯⼙枧⇘ᾳṢ䘬㺧シ⹎ˣ⸠䤷デ冯䤷䣱ˤ䃞侴炻⎬ Ⰼ朊㇨⏰䎦䘬䉨㱩炻⎗傥㚫㚱℟橼䘬㔠慷炻Ṏ⎗傥晐叿⯭㮹ᾳṢ䘬⽫䎮デ⍿侴ᶵ ⎴ˤGollagher 冯 Hartz-Karp炷2013炸⌛㊯↢炻㯠临䘬嬘柴㴱⍲⇘䣦㚫ˣ䴻㾇␴䑘⠫ ⚈䳈ᷳ攻䘬墯暄Ḻ≽炻ᶼᶵ⎴䘬⇑⭛斄ὪṢ䘬䚳㱽⼨⼨ḇ㚱⼰⣏䘬ⶖ䔘ˤ. ȞΡȟҢࣁࠣ፵‫ޠ‬ᒌ໕ġ 䓇㳣⑩岒䘬堉慷ⷠ塓⋨↮䁢ˬ⭊奨˭冯ˬᷣ奨˭ℑ䧖㷔慷㕡㱽ˤˬ⭊奨˭朊⎹ 㗗ᶨ䧖忳䓐慷⊾䘬䣦㚫ˣ䴻㾇␴‍⹟䫱㊯㧁炻ẍ⍵㗈ṢᾹ暨㯪㺧嵛䘬䦳⹎炻℞ἧ䓐䘬㊯㧁⤪嬀⫿䌯ˣⶍἄˣỷ⬭ˣ㇨⼿ˣ‍⹟ˣ慓䗪Ṣḳˣ䵈⛘ˣ䉗伒䌯ẍ⍲ᶨṃ䃉枰䴻䓙ᾳṢᷣ奨姽慷䘬㊯㧁炷Ackerman & Paolucci, 1983; Costanza et al., 2007; Schneider, 1975炸ˤẍˬ⭊奨˭㊯㧁堉慷䘬`姕⌛㗗烉⤪㝄⭊奨㡅ẞ嬲⤥炻ṢᾹ䘬⽫䎮デ奢㚫嬲⤥ˤὅ㬌炻⭊奨䘬䓇㳣㡅ẞ⮯冯ᷣ奨䘬䓇㳣㺧シ㛅⎹⎴ᶨ㕡⎹嬲≽炻 Ṏ⌛ℑ侭ᷳ攻⬀㚱㝸䧖䦳⹎䘬斄倗⿏ˤ ⃀䭉姙⣂䞼䨞䘤䎦⭊奨冯ᷣ奨㷔慷㗗㚱斄倗⿏䘬炷Wasserman & Chua, 1980; Walter-Busch, 1983; Marans, 2003炸炻Ữ᷎朆㇨㚱䞼䨞䘮㓗㊩忁䧖婾徘ˤSchneider 炷1975炸䘬䞼䨞⌛䘤䎦炻⭊奨㊯㧁㇨㷔↢ᷳ㚨⭴㚱䘬❶ⶪ炻᷎ᶵ⽭䃞㗗恋ṃᷣ奨ᶲ ⮵℞䓇㳣ね⠫㚨デ㺧シ䘬❶ⶪ烊⍵ᷳ炻⭊奨ᶲ㚨ⶖ䘬❶ⶪ炻ḇ᷎ᶵ⽭䃞㗗恋ṃᷣ奨䓇㳣㺧シ⹎㚨ⶖ䘬❶ⶪˤ䃞侴炻Wasserman 冯 Chua炷1980炸⌣⮵ Schneider ᷳˬ㰺㚱ᶨ农䘬斄倗⿏˭㍸↢岒䔹炻ṾᾹ娵䁢炻Schneider 㛒傥⮯❶ⶪ夷㧉怑䔞䘬侫慷炻娚䞼䨞⺢嬘炻⚈⎬⛘䘬⭊奨㡅ẞ᷎ᶵᶨ农炻㛒Ἦ䘬䞼䨞⭄ẍ庫⮷䘬⛘䎮⋨炷䣦 ⋨炸ἄ䁢䞼䨞⟜➇ˤ忁枭姽徘⣂⮹㍸愺䞼䨞侭⛐ˬ⭊奨˭冯ˬᷣ奨˭䘬䇕彗ᶲ炻⽭枰天傥侫慷⇘⛘㕡䘬䈡⿏ˤ ⚈⭊奨㊯㧁塓岒䔹䁢䃉㱽⍵㗈↢ṢᾹ䓇㳣䘬䛇㬋ン⹎炻㓭㚱⬠侭娵䁢⑩岒䘬堉慷⽭枰㗗ᷣ奨䘬炻⌛㚨㬋䡢䘬㱽㗗䚜㍍娊⓷㮹䛦ᾳṢ䘬䓇㳣ᷣ奨デ⍿ 炷Schneider, 1975; Zhu, 2001烊⬓㖶䁢炻1997炸ˤᷣ奨朊⎹䘬䓇㳣⑩岒㗗㊯ᾳṢ⮵ 㕤⸠䤷ˣケ〭ˣㆸ⯙⍲╄㬉䘬冒ㆹ姽慷炻ㆾ侭㗗⮵㺧シ⹎ˣ䤷䣱⍲⽫䎮‍⹟䘬デ奢炻忁䧖姽慷␴デ奢⍿⇘娵䞍冯ねデ天䳈䘬⼙枧炻㷔慷ⶍ℟叿慵㕤ᾳṢ⮵䣦㚫ˣ䴻. Ʉ10Ʉ.

(11) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. 㾇␴‍⹟㊯㧁ᷳ䓇㳣䴻槿䘬⟙⏲炻ἳ⤪炻冒奢暨㯪塓㺧嵛䘬䦳⹎ˣẍ⍲⮵㔜橼䓇㳣 ⑩岒ᷳデ奢⿏暨㯪䘬慵天⿏炷Costanza et al., 2007; Walter-Busch, 1983炸ˤ ᷣ奨冯⭊奨朊⎹䘬㷔慷⎬冒㚱℞⃒⊊冯旸⇞炻劍䳽⮵ẍˬ⭊奨˭ㆾˬᷣ奨˭㊯㧁Ἦ娖慳䓇㳣⑩岒炻℞怑䓐⿏⌛⎗傥⺽䘤䇕嬘炻Pacione炷1982炸⌛㊯↢炻⭊奨䓇㳣⑩岒㊯㧁⛐姽慷Ṣ栆䤷䣱㗪炻忂ⷠ塓娵䁢℟㚱庫檀䘬⎗ᾉ⹎炻Ữ㓰⹎⌣ῷỶ炻侴 ᷣ奨㊯㧁忂ⷠ㗗℟㚱庫Ỷ䘬ᾉ⹎炻⌣㚱庫檀䘬㓰⹎炷㛶㯠⯽ˣ⏛⬇剛炻2005烉 391炸ˤ⛐⭊奨冯ᷣ奨䘬㷔慷㕡㱽䘮㚱℞旸⇞䘬䉨㱩ᶳ炻⤪ỽ䳸⎰⭊奨冯ᷣ奨䘬㷔慷㕡㱽ὧㆸ䁢⎎栆䘬⎗傥徼⼹ˤ➢㕤⎘䀋ˬ䣦⋨˭䘬⭊奨⑩岒ᷳ慷⊾㔠㒂䘬吸普㚱 ⮎岒ᶲ䘬⚘暋炻㛔䞼䨞㍉䓐ˬ䣦⋨Ⰼ㫉˭冯ˬᾳṢⰌ㫉˭䘬䓇㳣⑩岒䘬徼⼹忚埴↮ 㜸炻℞㑵ἄ⿏⭂佑婒㖶㕤䞼䨞姕妰冯屯㕁吸普䭨㫉ᷕˤ. ȞήȟަୣҢࣁࠣ፵‫ޠ‬ኈ៫ӱષġ 䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒Ὢ⍿⇘䓇㳣⣂Ⰼ朊⚈䳈䘬⼙枧炻⎬䓇㳣Ⰼ朊䘬䵄⎰ℵ⼊ㆸᾳṢ⮵ 㔜橼䓇㳣⑩岒䘬デ奢ˤ䞼䨞侭⮵忁ṃⰌ朊䘬奨⮇ᷣ天Ὢ⽆Ṣ⎋炷䣦⋨炸嬲枭冯䑘⠫ 炷䣦㚫ˣ 䴻㾇␴ 䑘⠫ 䓇ン炸嬲枭叿ㇳˤ ⛐Ṣ ⎋ 炷䣦 ⋨炸嬲枭ᶲ 炻Zautra 䫱Ṣ 炷1977炸䘬䞼䨞栗䣢炻⿏⇍ˣ㔁做䦳⹎ˣ㓞ℍˣ⸜漉⍲⨂⦣䉨㱩䘬ᶵ⎴炻℞䓇㳣⑩ 岒ḇᶵᶨ炻䈡⇍㗗⨂⦣䉨㱩␴⸜漉䚠䔞栗叿⛘⼙枧ᾳṢ䓇㳣⑩岒ˤXiaˣLiˣHauˣ Liu 冯 Lu炷2012炸䘬䞼䨞䘤䎦炻⿏⇍ˣ⸜漉ˣ䣦䴻⛘ỵ炷⯌℞㗗㔁做䦳⹎炸⍲⯙㤕 ⮵䓇㳣⑩岒㚱栗叿⼙枧ˤ⎎⢾炻ᾳṢ䘬䣦㚫㍍妠␴䣦⋨倗专炷Grinde, 2009; Murphy et al., 2009炸⍲ᾳṢ‍⹟䉨㱩炷Zautra et al., 1977; Musschenga, 1997; Xia et al., 2012炸ḇ㗗⼙枧ᾳṢ䓇㳣⑩岒䘬慵天嬲枭ˤ ⛐䑘⠫傰䴉Ⰼ朊ᶲ炻℞㴱⍲䘬朊⎹⎗傥⊭㊔䣦㚫ˣ䴻㾇冯䓇ン䑘⠫䫱ˤ⯙䣦㚫 Ⰼ朊侴妨炻䄲䐆㠭炷1995炸䘬䞼䨞嫱⮎炻䣦⋨⯭㮹⮵䵕专䓇㳣⑩岒䘬℔ℙ姕㕥庫㺧シ炻ᶼ庫ⷠ⍫≈㚜㕘⺢姕ᷣ⮶ᷳ䣦⋨㳣≽炻㚱≑㕤惘慴⼤㬌㓗㊩⿏䘬⼨Ἦ炻ẍ农䣦 ⋨シ嬀⡆⻟炻㬌冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䵕专⼊ㆸ列⿏⽒䑘ˤ⯙䴻㾇Ⰼ朊侴妨炻䞼䨞嫱 ⮎炻䴻㾇㨇㚫冯⮎岒㓞ℍ冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒㗗㚱斄倗䘬炷Ackerman & Paolucci, 1983; Raphael et al., 2001; Zautra et al., 1977炸ˤ⯙䓇ン䑘⠫侴妨炻Marans炷2003炸䘬䞼䨞㊯↢炻䑘⠫冯悥ⶪ䘬冺怑⹎斄Ὢ⇘䣦⋨⑩岒␴ᾳṢ㳣≽ˣ㺧シ⹎⍲幓橼‍⹟ˤἳ ⤪炻KimˣUysal 冯 Sirgy炷2013炸娵䁢炻㕭忲㤕⮵䣦⋨䘬䴻㾇ˣ䣦㚫ˣ㔯⊾␴䑘⠫ 䘬堅㑲炻Ṏ㚫⼙枧⇘䣦⋨䘬䓇㳣⑩岒ˤ. Ʉ11Ʉ.

(12) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. ήȃަୣ‫ݾ‬౪ȃަୣ૗ΩᇅަୣҢࣁࠣ፵ 䣦⋨㱣䎮㗗ᶨ䧖ˬ┬㱣˭䘬➢Ⰼ㮹ᷣ忶䦳炻℞䚖㧁⛐㕤妋㰢䣦⋨⓷柴炻᷎㓡┬ 䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒炷㰇㖶ᾖ炻2009烉10炸炻⛘㕡㮹ᷣ冯℔㮹⍫冯⌛䁢┬㱣忶䦳䘬䱦橻炻 ⛐䣦⋨㱣䎮䘬⚃䧖栆✳䔞ᷕ炻䃉婾㗗䣦⋨➡≃ˣ䣦⋨ềỜˣ䣦⋨䴙㱣ㆾ䣦⋨䭉䎮炻 ℞㇨㴱⍲䘬朊⎹䘮䣦⋨傥≃〗〗䚠斄ˤO’Toole 冯 Burdess炷2004: 443炸⌛㊯↢炻䣦⋨傥≃⺢㥳㓧䫾娎⚾天⛐㚜⺋㲃䘬➢䢶ᶲἮὫἧ⍫冯炻䈡⇍㗗⛘㕡䘤⯽⋼㚫炻啱㬌炻嬻㯠临䘤⯽䘬屔ả⽆ᷕ⣖␴⛘㕡㓧⹄Ⰼ䳂炻廱䦣军䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂烊Ṏ⌛炻啱䓙ᶨ䧖䣦⋨⋼㚫䘬ℵ忈炻嬻ṾᾹㆸ䁢⛘㕡㱣䎮䘬徼⼹ˤMuljono炷2011炸⛐⌘⯤䘬䞼䨞Ṏ 嫱⮎炻䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬⍫冯㧉⺷⮵䣦㚫ᷳ䈑岒␴朆䈑岒䘮ⷞἮ㬋⎹䘬㓡嬲ˤ䁢㬌炻劍傥䝕妋䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻⮵㫚德忶䣦⋨㱣䎮ᷳˬ┬㱣˭Ἦ㓡┬䣦 ⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䚖㧁炻⮯㚱℞慵天ᶼ⮎岒䘬シ㵝ˤ 䣦⋨䘤⯽㗗ᶨ䧖㚱妰䔓䘬ⶍἄ炻℞䚖䘬⛐㕤㫚⺢䩳屯䓊ẍ⡆忚⯭㮹㓡┬℞䓇㳣 ⑩岒䘬傥≃炷Green & Haines, 2008炸ˤἳ⤪炻Collier 冯 Mitchell炷2015: 48炸⌛娵䁢炻劍傥⛐ῷ怈䣦⋨䘤⯽屉䈑␴➢䢶䳸㥳䘬傥≃炻ᶵ⁭㚱≑㕤攳∝ⶍἄ㨇㚫炻Ṏ㚱 ≑㕤㓡┬䓇㳣⑩岒ˤ⯙㬌侴妨炻䣦⋨屯䓊冯䣦⋨傥≃㗗怩⎹䓇㳣⑩岒㍸㖯慵天䘬ⶍ ℟炻忁䧖ⶍ℟傥⏎䛇㬋㚱䙲㕤䣦⋨⯭㮹炻䪗夾⯭㮹⮵㬌ⶍ℟䘬忳䓐⍲℞忳䓐⼴䘬デ ⍿炻⚈侴炻ㆹᾹㆾ⎗⮯䣦⋨ᷕ㚱⼊ㆾ䃉⼊䘬屯䓊炻夾䁢㗗ᶨ䧖⎗Ὣ忚䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒㍸㖯䘬ˬ㨇㚫˭炻忁䧖ˬ㨇㚫˭傥⏎䛇㬋䘤㎖㍸㖯䣦⋨⯭㮹䓇㳣⑩岒䘬≇傥炻᷎㰺㚱䳽⮵䘬ˬ㗗˭ㆾˬ⏎˭炻侴枰䪗夾⇑⭛斄ὪṢ⮵忁ṃ㨇㚫㇨䓊䓇ᷳ㓰㝄䘬デ⍿ˤ. ୥ȃः‫ف‬೪ॏᇅၦਠᇕ໲ Κȃः‫ف‬೪ॏ ȞΚȟः‫ف‬Ϗ‫ڏ‬ġ ὅ㒂⇵徘䘬䞼䨞䚖䘬⍲㔯䌣㩊教炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ㝞㥳⤪⚾Ḵ㇨䣢炻ᷣ天䞼䨞ⶍ℟䁢 ˬ䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒慷堐˭炻娚慷堐䘬⺢伖ᷣ天Ὢ䓙䞼䨞侭㬟䴻⚃ᾳ昶㭝ⶍ ἄ⥳⬴ㆸ炻⊭㊔烉炷1炸ὅ㒂䚠斄㔯䌣⍲⮵ 20 ỵ䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫柀⮶侭ᷳᾳ⇍㶙⹎姒婯屯㕁炻㒔妪↢ˬ䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒慷堐˭勱䧧烊炷2炸怨普 5 ỵ䣦⋨ⶍἄ 䘬⮰⭞⬠侭炻忚埴 3 ⚆⎰䘬ˬᾖ㬋⺷⽟厚㱽˭炻᷎䴻 13 ỵ䣦⋨Ṣ⢓忚埴⓷⌟ᷳ婆. Ʉ12Ʉ.

(13) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. シ㕥㷔炻侴⼊ㆸ枸娎慷堐烊炷3炸ὅ PPS ⍇䎮㉥⍾ 40 䳬悱捖ᷳ 600 ᾳ䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼ 㚫䁢㧋㛔炻忚埴朊⮵朊姒婯㕥㷔炻妰⚆㓞 339 ấ㚱㓰⓷⌟烊ẍ⍲炷4炸⮵⚆㓞ᷳ⓷ ⌟忚埴枭䚖↮㜸⍲ᾉˣ㓰⹎侫槿炻忚侴ᾖ㬋慷堐柴枭⼴侴⼊ㆸ㬋⺷ᷳˬ䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒慷堐˭ˤ 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃ġ x x x x x. 䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂ġ 䓇㳣⑩岒ġ. 斄Ὢ≃ġ Ṣ屯≃ġ 屉䈑≃ġ 䑘⠫≃ġ 㔯⊾≃ġ. x Ṣ㔯㔁做ġ x 䴻㾇䤷䣱ġ x ℔ℙ姕㕥ġ. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃ġ x x x x. ᾳṢⰌ䳂ġ 䓇㳣⑩岒ġ. ⍫冯≃ġ 忋䳸≃ġ 柀⮶≃ġ 䳬䷼≃. x 䣦⋨⍫冯ġ x 䣦⋨シ嬀ġ x ⯭ỷ䑘⠫ġ. ⚾Ḵ 䞼䨞㝞㥳⚾ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴丒墥. ȞΡȟः‫࢝ف‬ᄻᇅ୆೪ġ ὅ⇵徘㔯䌣ᷳ↮㜸炻ℵ侫慷冢䀋䣦⋨䘬⿏岒炻㛔䞼䨞⮯䣦⋨傥≃䓴⭂䁢⬀⛐㕤䣦⋨ᷳ⎬枭㚱⼊ㆾ䃉⼊䘬屯䓊炷䧙ᷳ䁢朄ン傥≃炸炻ẍ⍲傥嬻屯䓊䓊䓇₡ῤ䘬≽ン㳣≽炷䧙ᷳ䁢≽ン傥≃炸ˤ朄ン傥≃䘬㑵ἄ⿏⭂佑Ὢ㊯⍿姒侭⮵䣦⋨㚱⼊冯䃉⼊屯䓊䘬ᷣ奨姽₡炻ὅ⓷枭⍲℞ℏ⭡䘬⿏岒炻忚ᶨ㬍↮ㆸḼᾳ㫉朊⎹炻⊭㊔烉炷1炸斄 Ὢ≃烉妰 26 柴炻ℏ⭡叿慵㕤䣦⋨⯭㮹䘬䣦㚫屯㛔炻⊭⏓⯭㮹⮵䣦⋨ℏ⢾䘬Ṣ␴䳬 ䷼ᷳᾉảˣ䵚䴉冯夷䭬䘬堐䎦䉨㱩烊炷2炸Ṣ屯≃烉妰 4 柴炻ℏ⭡叿慵㕤㍐≽䣦⋨ ⶍἄ䚠斄Ṣ≃炷⏓⽿ⶍ炸⍲℞℟⁁䚠斄䞍嬀冯㈨傥䘬䉨㱩烊炷3炸屉䈑≃烉妰 9 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤䣦⋨➢䢶⺢姕䘬慷冯岒ᷳ䉨㱩烊炷4炸䑘⠫≃烉妰 8 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵. Ʉ13Ʉ.

(14) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. 㕤䣦⋨䘬冒䃞㘗奨⍲⯭⭞䑘⠫䘬䉨㱩烊ẍ⍲炷5炸㔯⊾≃烉妰 5 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤䣦 ⋨ᷳ㬟⎚㔯䈑冯⁛䴙㔯⊾䘬ᾅ⬀䉨㱩ˤ ≽ン傥≃䘬㑵ἄ⿏⭂佑Ὢ㊯⍿姒侭⮵䣦⋨⯭㮹⍫冯䣦⋨ḳ⊁䘬ᷣ奨姽₡炻ὅ⓷ 枭⍲℞ℏ⭡䘬⿏岒炻忚ᶨ㬍↮ㆸ⚃ᾳ㫉朊⎹炻⊭㊔烉炷1炸⍫冯≃烉妰 9 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤䣦⋨⯭㮹⮵䣦⋨℔ℙḳ⊁䘬斄⽫冯㈽ℍ䉨㱩烊炷2炸忋䳸≃烉妰 9 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤䣦⋨冯℞⬫䣦⋨ˣ㮹攻㨇㥳⍲㓧⹄╖ỵᷳ䵚䴉Ḻ≽䉨㱩烊炷3炸柀⮶≃烉妰 14 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤䣦⋨柀⮶侭ᷳ䴻䆇冯妋㰢䣦⋨⓷柴䘬嗽䎮傥≃炻⍲℞塓娵⎴冯 ⁛㈧䘬䉨㱩烊ẍ⍲炷5炸䳬䷼≃烉妰 8 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤䣦⋨䳬䷼䘬䘤⯽冯㑵ἄ䉨㱩ˤ 䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒Ὢ㊯䣦⋨⯭㮹⮵℞㇨嗽䣦⋨ᷳ庇ˣ䠔橼⺢姕䘬䚳㱽炷䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒炸ˣ⍲℞⮵䣦⋨⍫冯ㆾ䓇㳣䘬デ⍿炷ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒炸ˤ䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩ 岒䘬㑵ἄ⿏⭂佑炻Ὢ㊯⍿姒侭娵䁢⣂㔠䣦⋨⯭㮹⮵䣦⋨㔜橼⍲⎬朊⎹⺢姕䘬姽₡ 炷シ夳炸炻ὅ℞⓷枭⍲ℏ⭡⿏岒炻ℵ忚ᶨ㬍↮ㆸᶱᾳ㫉朊⎹炻⊭㊔烉炷1炸Ṣ㔯㔁做烉妰 7 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤䣦⋨ᷳ㔁做ˣ喅㔯㳣≽⍲⁛䴙㔯⊾㍐⺋䘬䉨㱩烊炷2炸䴻㾇䤷䣱烉妰 12 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤䣦⋨⯭㮹ᷳ䴻㾇ˣ⯙㤕ˣ‍⹟慓䗪⍲䤷⇑㚵⊁䘬䉨㱩烊ẍ⍲炷3炸℔ℙ姕㕥烉妰 16 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤䣦⋨ᷳ℔ℙ⺢姕␴䑘⠫䵕嬟䘬䉨㱩ˤ ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬㑵ἄ⿏⭂佑炻Ὢ㊯⍿姒侭⮵℞冒幓㇨䴻㬟ㆾᷣ奨デ⍿ᷳ䣦 ⋨⎬朊⎹䘬姽₡炻ὅ℞⓷枭⍲ℏ⭡⿏岒炻ℵ忚ᶨ㬍↮ㆸᶱᾳ㫉朊⎹炻⊭㊔烉炷1炸䣦⋨⍫冯烉妰 8 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤⍿姒侭ᾳṢ㈽ℍ䣦⋨䚠斄㳣≽䘬䉨㱩烊炷2炸䣦⋨ シ嬀烉妰 7 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤⍿姒侭ᾳṢ⮵䣦⋨䓇㳣冯䣦⋨㛔幓䘬娵⎴冯㍍䲵䉨㱩烊 ẍ⍲炷3炸⯭ỷ䑘⠫烉妰 12 柴炻ᷣ天叿慵㕤⍿姒侭䣦⋨䘬㱣⬱ˣ䓇ンˣ䑘⠫⍲䓇㳣㨇傥䘬㺧シ䉨㱩ˤ ⇵徘⎬慷堐䘬䷥慷堐ᾉ⹎ᷳ Cronbach’V Į ῤ䘮⛐ 0.90 ẍᶲ炻㔜橼䷥妋慳嬲䔘慷䁢䘮⛐ 63.0%炻↮慷堐䘬ᾉ⹎ Cronbach’V Į ῤ䳽⣏⣂㔠⛐ 0.90 ⶎ⎛炻䷥妋慳嬲䔘慷Ṏ䘮⛐ 60% ẍᶲˤὅ㒂㔯䌣㩊教⍲䞼䨞䚖䘬炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢ᷳ䞼䨞`姕⊭㊔烉炷1炸䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒㚱䚠斄炻ẍ⍲炷2炸ᶵ⎴朊⎹䘬䣦⋨傥≃⮵䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂冯ᾳṢⰌ䳂䘬䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒㚱ᶵ⎴䘬⼙枧ˤ. Ρȃၦਠᇕ໲ϸ‫ݚ‬ 㛔䞼䨞㬋⺷㕥㷔昶㭝ṵẍ⎘䀋㛔Ⲟ䩳㟰ᷳ 6,220 ᾳ䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫䁢䞼䨞㭵佌. Ʉ14Ʉ.

(15) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. 橼炻ὅ PPS ⍇䎮忚埴䌐䩳㉥㧋炻ℙ妰㉥↢ 600 ᾳ䞼䨞㧋㛔炻ℵ憅⮵䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫 ᷳ䎮ḳ攟ㆾ䷥⸡ḳ㍉朊⮵朊㕡⺷忚埴⓷⌟姒婯炻⮎晃⬴ㆸᷳ㚱㓰⓷⌟䁢 301 ấˤ⚈ 㬋⺷㕥㷔ᷳ⓷⌟⁭⇒昌䓐㕤枸娎䘬⮹㔠柴枭炻㓭⛐㌺昌⇒昌柴枭⼴炻Ṏ⮯枸娎⬴ㆸ 䘬 339 ấ⓷⌟䲵ℍ↮㜸炻㚨⼴⮎晃䓐㕤↮㜸䘬⓷⌟ℙ妰 640 ấˤ䃉婾㗗枸娎ㆾ㬋⺷婧㞍炻㧋㛔ᷳ⬴姒䌯䘮䲬䔍檀㕤Ḽㆸ炻℞检㛒⬴ㆸ姒⓷侭ᷣ天Ὢ⚈㉺姒ˣ䨢㇞ˣẍ ⍲ 2-3 㫉姒⓷㛒忯ˤ㛔䞼䨞㍉⍾䘬䴙妰↮㜸㕡㱽⊭㊔烉㍷徘⿏䴙妰ˣ䧵ⶖ䚠斄↮㜸 ẍ⍲⣂⃫徜㬠炷⏓昶Ⰼ徜㬠炸↮㜸䫱ˤ. နȃः‫ف‬๗‫ݏ‬ Κȃަୣ૗ΩᇅަୣҢࣁࠣ፵ϟ྆‫ݸ‬ϸ‫ݚ‬ ⯙ˬ䣦⋨傥≃˭柴枭䘬⎴シ䦳⹎奨ᷳ炻⤪堐ᶨ㇨䣢炻ˬ㔜橼䣦⋨傥≃˭ᷳ⸛⛯ 㔠䁢 3.67炻ˬ≽ン傥≃˭ᷳ⸛⛯㔠䁢 3.73炻䔍檀㕤ˬ朄ン傥≃˭ᷳ 3.62ˤˬ朄ン傥 ≃˭㫉朊⎹ᷳ⎴シ䦳⹎ὅ⸷䁢斄Ὢ≃ˣṢ屯≃ˣ䑘⠫≃ˣ屉䈑≃⍲㔯⊾≃ˤˬ≽ン傥≃˭㫉朊⎹ᷳ⎴シ䦳⹎ὅ⸷䁢柀⮶≃ˣ䳬䷼≃ˣ忋䳸≃⍲⍫冯≃ˤ 堐ᶨ 䣦⋨傥≃⎬朊⎹⎴シ䦳⹎ᷳ⸛⛯㔠冯㧁㸾ⶖ ⸛⛯㔠/㧁㸾ⶖ. ⸛⛯㔠/㧁㸾ⶖ. 朄ン傥≃ Mean=3.62 SD=0.37 䣦⋨傥≃ Mean=3.67 SD=0.38 ≽ン傥≃ Mean=3.73 SD=0.47. 朊⎹. ⸛⛯㔠/㧁㸾ⶖ. 斄Ὢ≃. Mean=3.86. SD=0.41. Ṣ屯≃. Mean=3.62. SD=0.67. 屉䈑≃. Mean=3.30. SD=0.60. 䑘⠫≃. Mean=3.51. SD=0.49. 㔯⊾≃. Mean=3.20. SD=0.69. ⍫冯≃. Mean=3.56. SD=0.49. 忋䳸≃. Mean=3.58. SD=0.59. 柀⮶≃. Mean=3.91. SD=0.52. 䳬䷼≃. Mean=3.78. SD=0.59. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞. ⯙ˬ䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒˭柴枭䘬⎴シ䦳⹎奨ᷳ炻⤪堐Ḵ㇨䣢炻ˬ㔜橼䓇㳣⑩岒˭ᷳ. Ʉ15Ʉ.

(16) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. ⸛⛯㔠䁢 3.61烊ˬᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒˭ᷳ⸛⛯㔠䁢 3.84炻檀㕤ˬ䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩ 岒˭䘬 3.43ˤˬᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒˭䘬ᶱᾳ朊⎹ᷕᷳ⎴シ䦳⹎ὅ⸷䁢䣦⋨⍫冯ˣ䣦 ⋨シ嬀⍲⯭ỷ䑘⠫ˤˬ䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒˭䘬ᶱᾳ朊⎹ᷕᷳ⎴シ䦳⹎ὅ⸷䁢Ṣ㔯㔁做ˣ℔ℙ姕㕥⍲䴻㾇䤷䣱ˤ 堐Ḵ 䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒⎬朊⎹⎴シ䦳⹎ᷳ⸛⛯㔠冯㧁㸾ⶖ堐 ⸛⛯㔠/㧁㸾ⶖ. 䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒 Mean=3.61 SD=0.43. ⸛⛯㔠/㧁㸾ⶖ 䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒 Mean=3.43 SD=0.45 ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒 Mean=3.84 SD=0.46. ⸛⛯㔠/㧁㸾ⶖ Ṣ㔯㔁做 Mean=3.57. SD=0.59. 䴻㾇䤷䣱 Mean=3.23. SD=0.61. ℔ℙ姕㕥 Mean=3.50. SD=0.47. 䣦⋨⍫冯 Mean=4.07. SD=0.51. 䣦⋨シ嬀 Mean=3.96. SD=0.53. ⯭ỷ䑘⠫ Mean=3.62. SD=0.54. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞. Ρȃަୣ૗ΩᇅަୣҢࣁࠣ፵ө८Ӫϟࣻᜱϸ‫ݚ‬ ⯙ަୣᓘᄙ૗Ωᇅঐ΢ቺ઼Ңࣁࠣ፵䘬斄倗⿏侴妨炷夳堐ᶱ炸炻朄ン傥≃䘬⎬ ⚈䳈冯ঐ΢ቺ઼Ңࣁࠣ፵䘬䷥橼⍲℞⎬朊⎹䘮忼栗叿㬋䚠斄炷P < 0.001炸ˤ℞ᷕ炻 ˬ斄Ὢ≃˭冯ˬ䣦⋨シ嬀˭炷r = 0.402炻P < 0.001炸䘬䚠斄⹎䚠⮵庫檀烊ˬ屉䈑 ≃˭冯ˬ䣦⋨⍫冯˭炷r = 0.177炻P < 0.001炸炻ẍ⍲ˬ㔯⊾≃˭冯ˬ䣦⋨⍫冯˭炷r = 0.134炻P < 0.01炸ˣˬ䣦⋨シ嬀˭炷r = 0.156炻P < 0.001炸ˣˬ℔ℙ姕㕥˭炷r = 0.179炻P < 0.001炸䘬䚠斄䦳⹎䚠⮵庫Ỷˤ ⯙ަୣᓘᄙ૗Ωᇅަୣቺ઼Ңࣁࠣ፵䘬斄倗⿏侴妨炷夳堐ᶱ炸炻昌ˬ䑘⠫≃˭ 冯ˬ䴻㾇䤷䣱˭㛒忼栗叿䚠斄⢾炻℞Ṿ⎬⚈䳈冯䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䷥橼⍲℞⎬朊 ⎹䘮忼栗叿㬋䚠斄炷P < .001炸ˤ℞ᷕ炻ˬ斄Ὢ≃˭冯ˬ䴻㾇䤷䣱˭炷r = 0.192炻P < 0.001炸ˣˬṢ屯≃˭冯ˬṢ㔯㔁做˭炷r = 0.199炻P < 0.001炸ˣˬ䑘⠫≃˭冯 ˬṢ㔯㔁做˭炷r = 0.168炻P < 0.001炸ˣˬ㔯⊾≃˭冯ˬ䴻㾇䤷䣱˭炷r = 0.162炻P < 0.001炸䫱嬲枭攻䘬䚠斄⹎䚠⮵庫Ỷˤ ⯙ަୣ୞ᄙ૗Ωᇅঐ΢ቺ઼Ңࣁࠣ፵䘬斄倗⿏侴妨炷夳堐ᶱ炸炻≽ン傥≃䘬⎬ ⚈䳈冯ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䷥橼⍲℞⎬朊⎹䘮忼栗叿㬋䚠斄炷P < 0.001炸ˤ℞ᷕ炻. Ʉ16Ʉ.

(17) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. ˬ⍫冯≃˭冯ˬ䣦⋨シ嬀˭炷r = 0.404炻P < 0.001炸䘬䚠斄⹎䚠⮵庫檀ˤ⯙ަୣ୞ ᄙ૗Ωᇅަୣቺ઼Ңࣁࠣ፵䘬斄倗⿏侴妨炷夳堐ᶱ炸炻≽ン傥≃䘬⎬⚈䳈冯ᾳṢⰌ 䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䷥橼⍲℞⎬朊⎹䘮忼栗叿㬋䚠斄炷P < 0.001炸ˤ℞ᷕ炻ˬ⍫冯≃˭冯 ˬ⯭ỷ䑘⠫˭炷r = 0.306炻P < 0.001炸䘬䚠斄⹎䚠⮵庫檀ˤ. Ʉ17Ʉ.

(18) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. 堐ᶱ 䣦⋨傥≃⎬⚈䳈冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒⎬朊⎹ᷳ䚠斄↮㜸堐朊⎹. 䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒 ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒. 䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒. 䣦⋨傥≃. ䷥↮. 䣦⋨ ⍫冯. 䣦⋨ シ嬀. ℔ℙ 姕㕥. ䷥↮. Ṣ㔯㔁做. 䴻㾇䤷䣱. ⯭ỷ 䑘⠫. ䷥↮. ䷥↮. --. --. --. --. 0.449***. --. --. --. 0.414***. 斄Ὢ≃. 0.404*** 0.353*** 0.402*** 0.339*** 0.409*** 0.231*** 0.192*** 0.318*** 0.307***. Ṣ屯≃. 0.337*** 0.228*** 0.295*** 0.292*** 0.315*** 0.199*** 0.252*** 0.220*** 0.277***. 朄ン屉䈑≃ 傥≃ 䑘⠫≃. 0.354*** 0.177*** 0.249*** 0.299*** 0.283*** 0.245*** 0.256*** 0.317*** 0.334***. 㔯⊾≃ ䷥↮. 0.277*** 0.232*** 0.269*** 0.261*** 0.291*** 0.168***. 0.049. 0.341*** 0.216***. 0.232*** 0.134** 0.156*** 0.179*** 0.183*** 0.253*** 0.162*** 0.213*** 0.248*** --. --. --. --. 0.430***. --. --. --. 0.393***. ⍫冯≃. 0.421*** 0.343*** 0.404*** 0.332*** 0.399*** 0.280*** 0.251*** 0.306*** 0.332***. 忋䳸≃. 0.377*** 0.289*** 0.320*** 0.267*** 0.333*** 0.289*** 0.287*** 0.237*** 0.326***. ≽ン柀⮶≃ 傥≃ 䳬䷼≃. 0.370*** 0.344*** 0.335*** 0.279*** 0.358*** 0.203*** 0.217*** 0.272*** 0.292***. ䷥↮. 0.399*** 0.293*** 0.338*** 0.285*** 0.347*** 0.271*** 0.272*** 0.289*** 0.343*** --. --. --. --. 0.408***. --. --. --. 0.355***. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞. ήȃަୣ૗ΩᄈަୣҢࣁࠣ፵ϟኈ៫ ȞΚȟަୣ૗ΩөӱષᄈᐍᡞަୣҢࣁࠣ፵ϟӼϰଠᘫϸ‫ݚ‬ġ ẍ䣦⋨䘬朄ン冯≽ン傥≃䫱 9 枭⚈䳈冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒忚埴⣂⃫徜㬠ᷳ䴙妰㩊槿䘤䎦炻㬌㧉✳䘬妋慳≃忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炷F = 17.529炻P < 0.001炸炻℞ R2 = 0.243炻婧㔜⼴䘬 R2 䁢 0.229炻栗䣢㬌㧉✳⎗ẍ㚱㓰⛘妋慳ὅ嬲枭 22.9% 䘬嬲䔘ˤ⛐ℙ䶂⿏姢㕟ᷕ炻℞ VIF ῤṳ㕤 1.436~3.403炻CI ῤṳ㕤 16.979~52.999炻堐䣢㰺㚱♜慵䘬ℙ 䶂⿏⓷柴炷ńŊ ῤỶ㕤 Ĳıı炸ˤ忚ᶨ㬍㩊夾⎬嬲枭ᷳᾳ⇍妋慳≃栗䣢炻㚱Ḵ枭⚈䳈℟ 㚱栗叿䘬妋慳≃炻℞慵天⿏ὅ⸷䁢ˬ屉䈑≃˭炷t = 4.208炻P < 0.001炸⍲ˬ⍫冯 ≃˭炷t = 2.532炻P < 0.05炸烊Ṏ⌛炻ˬ屉䈑≃˭⍲ˬ⍫冯≃˭堐䎦グἛ侭炻℞䣦⋨ 䓇㳣⑩岒グἛˤ℞⣂⃫徜㬠㕡䦳⺷⤪ᶳ炷夳堐⚃炸烉炷䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒炸 = 1.021X1炷⍫冯≃炸 +0.972X2炷屉䈑≃炸 + 107.329 Y炷. Ʉ18Ʉ.

(19) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. 堐⚃ 䣦⋨傥≃⎬⚈䳈冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒ᷳ⣂⃫徜㬠↮㜸堐䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒. B. Se. 107.329. 10.636. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-斄Ὢ≃. 0.184. 0.146. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-Ṣ屯≃. 0.473. ަୣᓘᄙ૗Ω.ଓ‫ޑ‬Ω!. Beta. T. P. 10.091. 0.000. 0.075. 1.256. 0.210. 0.541. 0.048. 0.875. 0.382. 0.972. 0.231. 0.203. 4.208. 0.000. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-䑘⠫≃. 0.243. 0.320. 0.036. 0.759. 0.448. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-㔯⊾≃. -0.143. 0.375. -0.018. -0.381. 0.703. ަୣ୞ᄙ૗Ω.୥ᇅΩ!. 1.021. 0.403. 0.164. 2.532. 0.012. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-忋䳸≃. -0.120. 0.321. -0.025. -0.373. 0.710. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-柀⮶≃. 0.273. 0.242. 0.076. 1.129. 0.259. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-䳬䷼≃. 0.421. 0.398. 0.076. 1.056. 0.292. ⷠ㔠. 2. 2. R = 0.243ġ adj R = 0.229 F = 17.529ġ P = 0.000. 㔜橼㧉✳ 姣烉* P < 0.05 ** P < 0.01 *** P < 0.001ˤ. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞. ȞΡȟަୣ૗Ωөӱષᄈঐ΢ቺ઼Ңࣁࠣ፵ϟӼϰଠᘫϸ‫ݚ‬ġ ẍ䣦⋨朄ン冯≽ン傥≃䫱 9 枭⚈䳈冯ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒忚埴⣂⃫徜㬠ᷳ䴙妰㩊槿䘤䎦炻㬌㧉✳䘬妋慳≃忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炷F = 16.780炻P < 0.001炸炻℞ R2 = 0.219炻婧㔜⼴䘬 R2 䁢 0.206炻栗䣢㬌㧉✳⎗ẍ㚱㓰⛘妋慳ὅ嬲枭 20.6% 䘬嬲䔘烊⛐ℙ䶂⿏姢㕟ᷕ炻℞ VIF ῤṳ㕤 1.418~3.251炻CI ῤṳ㕤 16.930~53.193烊堐䣢㰺㚱♜慵䘬 ℙ䶂⿏⓷柴炷CI ῤỶ㕤 100炸ˤ忚ᶨ㬍㩊夾⎬嬲枭ᷳᾳ⇍妋慳≃栗䣢炻㚱⚃枭⚈䳈 ℟㚱栗叿䘬妋慳≃炻℞慵天⿏ὅ⸷䁢ˬ⍫冯≃˭炷t = 2.703炻P < 0.01炸ˣˬ屉䈑 ≃˭炷t = 2.433炻P < 0.05炸ˣˬ斄Ὢ≃˭炷t =2.323炻P < 0.05炸⍲ˬ柀⮶≃˭炷t =2.250炻P < 0.05炸烊Ṏ⌛忁⚃枭傥≃堐䎦グἛ侭炻℞ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒グἛˤ℞ ⣂⃫徜㬠㕡䦳⺷⤪ᶳ炷夳堐Ḽ炸烉炷 ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒炸 = 0.488X1 炷⍫冯≃炸 + 0.251 X2 炷屉䈑≃炸 + Y炷 0.247X3炷柀⮶≃炸 + 0.154X4炷斄Ὢ≃炸 + 48.157. Ʉ19Ʉ.

(20) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. 堐Ḽ 䣦⋨傥≃⎬⚈䳈冯ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒ᷳ⣂⃫徜㬠↮㜸堐 ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒. B. Se. ⷠ㔠. 48.157. 4.852. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-斄Ὢ≃. 0.154. 0.066. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-Ṣ屯≃. 0.257. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-屉䈑≃. Beta. t. P. 9.924. 0.000. 0.132. 2.323. 0.021. 0.243. 0.055. 1.057. 0.291. 0.251. 0.103. 0.114. 2.433. 0.015. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-䑘⠫≃. 0.201. 0.143. 0.064. 1.405. 0.161. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-㔯⊾≃. -0.166. 0.164. -0.046. -1.012. 0.312. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-⍫冯≃. 0.488. 0.181. 0.169. 2.703. 0.007. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-忋䳸≃. -0.103. 0.146. -0.045. -0.708. 0.479. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-柀⮶≃. 0.247. 0.110. 0.145. 2.250. 0.025. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-䳬䷼≃. -0.015. 0.177. -0.006. -0.083. 0.934. 2. 2. R = 0.219ġ adj R = 0.206 F = 16.780ġ P = 0.000. 㔜橼㧉✳ 姣烉* P < 0.05 ** P < 0.01 *** P < 0.001ˤ. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞. Ȟήȟަୣ૗Ωөӱષᄈަୣቺ઼Ңࣁࠣ፵ϟӼϰଠᘫϸ‫ݚ‬ġ ẍ䣦⋨朄ン冯≽ン傥≃䫱 9 枭⚈䳈冯䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒忚埴⣂⃫徜㬠ᷳ䴙妰㩊槿䘤䎦炻㬌㧉✳䘬妋慳≃忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炷F = 13.777炻P < 0.001炸炻℞ R2 = 0.199炻婧㔜⼴䘬 R2 䁢 0.185炻栗䣢㬌㧉✳⎗ẍ㚱㓰⛘妋慳ὅ嬲枭 18.5% 䘬嬲䔘烊⛐ℙ䶂⿏姢㕟ᷕ炻℞ VIF ῤṳ㕤 1.435~3.394炻CI ῤṳ㕤 16.956~53.100烊堐䣢㰺㚱♜慵䘬 ℙ䶂⿏⓷柴炷CI ῤỶ㕤 100炸ˤ忚ᶨ㬍㩊夾⎬嬲枭ᷳᾳ⇍妋慳≃栗䣢炻⁭㚱ˬ屉䈑 ≃˭炷t = 4.328炻P < 0.001炸⍲ˬ⍫冯≃˭炷t = 2.156炻P < 0.05炸ℑ枭⚈䳈忼栗叿㯜㸾烊Ṏ⌛ˬ屉䈑≃˭⍲ˬ⍫冯≃˭堐䎦グἛ侭炻℞䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒グἛˤ℞⣂ ⃫徜㬠㕡䦳⺷⤪ᶳ炷夳堐ℕ炸烉 Y炷炷䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒炸 = 0.617X1炷屉䈑≃炸 + 0.535X2炷⍫冯≃炸 + 62.364. Ʉ20Ʉ.

(21) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. 堐ℕ 䣦⋨傥≃⎬⚈䳈冯䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒ᷳ⣂⃫徜㬠↮㜸堐䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒. B. Se. ⷠ㔠. 62.364. 6.540. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-斄Ὢ≃. 0.023. 0.090. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-Ṣ屯≃. 0.220. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-屉䈑≃. Beta. t. P. 9.536. 0.000. 0.015. 0.254. 0.799. 0.332. 0.037. 0.662. 0.508. 0.617. 0.143. 0.214. 4.328. 0.000. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-䑘⠫≃. -0.022. 0.197. -0.005. -0.112. 0.910. 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃-㔯⊾≃. 0.222. 0.230. 0.047. 0.967. 0.334. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-⍫冯≃. 0.535. 0.248. 0.143. 2.156. 0.032. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-忋䳸≃. -0.013. 0.197. -0.005. -0.068. 0.946. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-柀⮶≃. 0.037. 0.148. 0.017. 0.248. 0.804. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃-䳬䷼≃. 0.376. 0.245. 0.113. 1.531. 0.126. 2. 20. R = 0.199ġ adj R = 0.185 F = 13.777ġ P = 0.000. 㔜橼㧉✳ 姣烉* P < 0.05 ** P < 0.01 *** P < 0.001ˤ. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞. Ȟѳȟަୣᡑ໷ȃަୣ૗ΩөӱષᄈަୣҢࣁࠣ፵ϟ໧ቺଠᘫϸ‫ݚ‬ġ 㛔昶Ⰼ徜㬠↮㜸ẍ⚃ᾳ⋨䳬Ἦ忚埴炻 1 ↮⇍㗗䫔ᶨᾳ⋨䳬䘬䣦⋨嬲枭炷䣦⋨⛘ 䎮⋨ỵ炸炻䫔Ḵᾳ⋨䳬䘬柀⮶侭嬲枭炷柀⮶侭㓞ℍ⍲借㤕⇍炸炻䫔ᶱᾳ⋨䳬䘬㔜橼䣦⋨傥≃炻ẍ⍲䫔⚃ᾳ⋨䳬䘬䣦⋨傥≃嬲枭炷䣦⋨≽ン傥≃⍲䣦⋨朄ン傥≃炸ˤẍ ⚃ᾳ⋨䳬忚埴↮㜸炻㧉⺷ᶨὪ㈽ℍ䫔ᶨ⋨䳬䘬䣦⋨嬲枭炻㬌㧉✳䘬妋慳≃忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炷F = 3.140炻P < 0.05炸炻℞ R2 = 0.019炻婧㔜⼴䘬 R2 䁢 0.013炻栗䣢㬌㧉✳⎗ ẍ㚱㓰⛘妋慳ὅ嬲枭 1.3% 䘬嬲䔘烊侴忚ᶨ㬍奨⮇嬲枭ᾳ⇍䘬妋慳≃᷎㰺㚱栗叿ˤ 㧉⺷Ḵ㗗⮯䫔Ḵ⋨䳬䘬柀⮶侭嬲枭㈽ℍ炻℞⮵㕤㓞ℍ䘬妋慳≃䁢 R2 烌 0.041炷F ῤ 1. 㛔䞼䨞㫚ẍ䣦⋨➢㛔屯㕁⍲䣦⋨傥≃⎬⚈䳈Ἦ枸㷔䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒炻⛐䣦⋨➢㛔屯㕁ᷕẍ 嬲䔘㔠↮㜸炷one-way ANOVA炸忼栗叿ᷳ冒嬲枭䁢ᷳ炻㒔妶婾䘬嬲枭⍇㛔⊭⏓䣦⋨⛘䎮 ⋨ỵˣ䣦⋨Ṣ㔠夷㧉ˣ䣦⋨⯭㮹借㤕⇍ˣ柀⮶侭⸜漉ˣ柀⮶侭㔁做䦳⹎ˣ柀⮶侭㓞ℍ⍲ 柀⮶侭借㤕⇍炻ょ⮯⇵徘嬲枭廱䁢嘃㒔嬲枭炻↮⇍忚埴⣂⃫徜㬠⼴炻⁭䣦⋨⛘䎮⋨➇ˣ 柀⮶侭㓞ℍ⍲柀⮶侭借㤕⇍䫱ᶱ嬲枭℟㚱栗叿⿏炻㓭昶Ⰼ徜㬠⇯ẍ⇵ᶱ嬲枭䁢ᷣ天䣦⋨ ➢㛔屯㕁ᷳ嬲枭Ἦ忚埴↮㜸炻᷎⮯⋨昼䁢䣦⋨嬲枭⍲柀⮶侭嬲枭䫱ℑᾳ⋨䳬ˤ Ʉ21Ʉ.

(22) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. = 1.743炻P > 0.05炸炻㬌㧉✳㛒忼栗叿ˤ㧉⺷ᶱ㗗⮯䫔ᶨ⋨䳬䘬䣦⋨嬲枭ˣ䫔Ḵ⋨ 䳬䘬柀⮶侭嬲枭嶇䫔ᶱ⋨䳬䘬㔜橼䣦⋨傥≃嬲枭㈽ℍ㧉⺷ᷕ炻⮵㕤䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬妋慳≃忼⇘ R2 烌 0.268炷F ῤ= 13.729炻P < 0.001炸炻⛐㍏⇞䣦⋨嬲枭⍲柀⮶侭嬲枭䘬⼙枧ᶳ炻䣦⋨傥≃䘬㈽ℍ傥⣈柵⢾ˬ届䌣˭23.1% 䘬妋慳≃烊ᶼ⛐䌐嬲枭ᷕẍ ˬ㔜橼䣦⋨傥≃˭䘬届䌣⹎㚨⣏炷t ῤ烌 12.294炻P 0.001炸炻栗䣢⛐䫔ᶱ⋨䳬 ᷕ炻ᷣ天䘬届䌣㗗䓙ˬ䣦⋨傥≃˭㇨∝忈ˤ㧉⺷⚃㗗⮯䫔ᶨ⋨䳬䘬䣦⋨嬲枭ˣ䫔Ḵ ⋨䳬䘬柀⮶侭嬲枭嶇䫔⚃⋨䳬䘬䣦⋨傥≃嬲枭㈽ℍ㧉⺷ᷕ炻⮵㕤䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬妋慳≃忼⇘ R2 烌 0.269炷F ῤ= 13.974炻P < 0.001炸炻⛐㍏⇞䣦⋨嬲枭⍲柀⮶侭嬲枭䘬⼙枧ᶳ炻䣦⋨傥≃䘬㈽ℍ傥⣈柵⢾ˬ届䌣˭25.1% 䘬妋慳≃烊ᶼ⛐䌐嬲枭ᷕẍ ˬ䣦⋨≽ン傥≃˭炷t ῤ烌 5.455炻P 0.001炸⍲ˬ䣦⋨≽ン傥≃˭炷t ῤ烌 3.853炻P 0.001炸䘬届䌣⹎㚨⣏炻栗䣢⛐䫔⚃⋨䳬ᷕ炻ᷣ天䘬届䌣Ṏ䓙ˬ䣦⋨傥 ≃˭㇨∝忈ˤ䴻䓙昶Ⰼ徜㬠↮㜸炻㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦晾䃞䣦⋨嬲枭⍲柀⮶侭嬲枭⮵㕤䣦⋨ 䓇㳣⑩岒忼⇘栗叿㯜㸾炻Ữᷣ天⮵㕤䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒妋慳≃䘬届䌣Ἦ冒㕤䣦⋨傥≃ 炷夳堐ᶫ炸ˤ 堐ᶫ. 䣦⋨➢㛔屯㕁ˣ䣦⋨傥≃⎬⚈䳈⮵䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒ᷳ昶Ⰼ徜㬠↮㜸堐. ⷠ㔠. 㧉⺷ᶨ. 㧉⺷Ḵ. 㧉⺷ᶱ. 㧉⺷⚃. 87.501 P = 0.000. 57.216 P = 0.000. 11.092 P = 0.000. 10.893 P = 0.000. -1.596 P = 0.111 -0.922 P = 0.357 0.895 P = 0.371. -0.721 P = 0.472 -0.503 P = 0.615 0.803 P = 0.422. -1.508 P = 0.132 -0.394 P = 0.693 1.105 P = 0.270. -1.568 P = 0.117 -0.422 P = 0.673 0.866 P = 0.387. -1.474 P = 0.141 -1.083 P = 0.279 -1.093 P = 0.275 -1.196 P = 0.232. -2.021 P = 0.044 -1.739 P = 0.083 -1.605 P = 0.109 -1.718 P = 0.086. -2.191 P = 0.029 -1.852 P = 0.065 -1.828 P = 0.068 -1.784 P = 0.075. 䣦⋨嬲枭炷⛘䎮⋨ỵ a炸悱㛹✳嘃㒔 Ⱉ⛘✳嘃㒔悥ⶪ✳嘃㒔柀⮶侭嬲枭炷㓞ℍ b炸㛒㺧 2 叔⃫嘃㒔㺧 2 叔军㛒㺧 4 叔⃫嘃㒔㺧 4 叔军㛒㺧 6 叔⃫嘃㒔㺧 6 叔军㛒㺧 8 叔⃫嘃㒔. Ʉ22Ʉ.

(23) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. 堐ᶫ炷临炸㧉⺷ᶨ. 㧉⺷Ḵ. 㧉⺷ᶱ. 㧉⺷⚃. -2.239 P = 0.026 -0.445 P = 0.657 0.235 P = 0.814 -0.408 P = 0.683 -1.366 P = 0.173. -1.889 P = 0.059 -1.076 P = 0.282 -0.501 P = 0.616 -0.933 P = 0.351 -0.949 P = 0.343 12.294 P = 0.000. -2.069 P = 0.039 -1.207 P = 0.228 -0.607 P = 0.544 -0.765 P = 0.444 -1.245 P = 0.214. 柀⮶侭嬲枭炷借㤕⇍ c炸彚㜿㺩䈏㤕侭嘃㒔 ⶍ㤕侭嘃㒔 ⓮㤕侭嘃㒔㚵⊁㤕侭嘃㒔徨ẹㆾ䃉㤕侭嘃㒔䣦⋨傥≃ 䣦⋨傥≃ 5.455 P = 0.000 3.853 P = 0.000. 䣦⋨≽ン傥≃ 䣦⋨朄ン傥≃ R2. 0.019. 0.041. 0.268. 0.290. 婧㔜⼴䘬 R2. 0.013. 0.018. 0.249. 0.269. Fῤ. 3.140 P = 0.25. 1.743 P = 0.55. 13.729 P = 0.000. 13.974 P = 0.000. 姣烉a 䣦⋨⛘䎮⋨ỵẍⶪ悱㶟⎰✳䁢⍫䄏䳬ˤb 柀⮶侭㓞ℍẍ㭷㚰㓞ℍ崭忶 8 叔⃫䁢⍫䄏䳬ˤ c 柀⮶侭借㤕⇍ẍ幵℔㔁侭䁢⍫䄏䳬ˤ 姣烉* P < 0.05 ** P < 0.01 *** P < 0.001ˤ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㛔䞼䨞. Ӄȃଇ፤ᇅ๗፤ Κȃः‫ึف‬౫ᇅଇ፤ 炷ᶨ炸ġ㔜橼侴妨炻䣦⋨䘬≽ン傥≃檀㕤朄ン傥≃烊朄ン傥≃ẍˬ斄Ὢ≃˭堐䎦㚨 Ἓ炻ˬ屉䈑≃˭冯ˬ㔯⊾≃˭䚠⮵庫⻙烊≽ン傥≃ẍˬ柀⮶≃˭冯ˬ䳬䷼ ≃˭堐䎦庫Ἓ炻ˬ忋䳸≃˭⍲ˬ⍫冯≃˭䚠⮵庫⻙ˤ. Ʉ23Ʉ.

(24) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. ⯙䣦⋨朄ン傥≃侴妨炻寸⭴䘬ˬ斄Ὢ≃˭⼘栗↢䣦⋨ṵ⬀㚱晬⍂䘬䣦㚫屯㛔炻䣦⋨劍傥┬䓐忁枭⮞屜䘬䣦⋨屯䓊炻⮯㚱≑㕤䣦⋨㱣䎮忼ㆸ℞㇨慵夾ᷳ䣦㚫ↅ倂䘬䚖㧁炷Bowles & Gintis, 2002; Pill & Bailey, 2012炸ˤˬ屉䈑≃˭␴ˬ㔯⊾≃˭堐䎦䚠⮵庫⻙炻⍵㗈↢ᶨ凔⮵⎘䀋䣦⋨䘤⯽ᷳˬ慵䈑岒ˣ庽㔯⊾˭䘬姽徘炷哉⎱㸸炻 1995烊湫㸸⋼炻2004烊湫㸸⋼ˣ∱䳈䍵ˣ唕㔯檀炻2011炸炻ㆾ姙枰ᾖ㬋䁢ˬ㖊庽䈑岒ˣḇ庽㔯⊾˭ˤ ⯙䣦⋨≽ン傥≃侴妨炻ˬ柀⮶≃˭堐䎦䚠⮵庫Ἓ⎗傥㗗⚈⍿姒侭⣂䁢䣦⋨柀堾炻侴㖻㕤星ℍ冒ㆹ姽₡ㆾ冒ㆹ昞愱䘬ね⠫炻䃞侴炻劍⽆䣦⋨⃒⊊䘬奨溆Ἦ䚳炻柀 ⮶侭⮵冒⶙℟⁁柀⮶≃䘬ᾉ⽫炻ㆾ姙⎗䁢䣦⋨傥≃䘬⺢㥳⤈⭂⎗屜䘬ᶨ朊ˤˬ忋䳸 ≃˭䘬䚠⮵唬⻙炻ㆾ姙シ␛叿䳬䷼ᷳ攻䘬⋼≃斄Ὢ䘬ᶵ嵛炻忁⮯ᶵ⇑㕤⬴ℐ冒ᷣ奨溆ᷳ䣦⋨㱣䎮ᷳ慵夾䈡⭂ềỜ斄Ὢ䘬⼊ㆸ炷O’Toole & Burdess, 2004炸ˤˬ⍫冯 ≃˭䘬䚠⮵唬⻙炻昌シ␛叿䣦⋨寸⭴䘬朄ンˬ斄Ὢ≃˭炷䣦㚫屯㛔炸炻㛒傥⃭↮⛘ ⍵㗈⛐⮎晃䘬⍫冯ᶲ炻Ṏ冯䣦⋨㱣䎮㇨⻟婧䘬℔㮹⍫冯䚠忽炷Das et al., 2015炸ˤ ⎎⢾炻䣦㚫屯㛔冯℞Ṿ㚱⼊屯䓊ᷳ攻℟㚱忋≽斄Ὢ炷⤪烉Bourdieu, 1997; Putnam, 1993; Kay, 2006; Green & Haines, 2008炸炻劍仢᷷⮯朄ン䘬斄Ὢ廱⊾ㆸ≽ン䘬⍫ 冯炻⮯暋ẍ⮵䣦⋨㱣䎮ㆾ䣦⋨䘤⯽㚱⮎岒䘬≑䙲炻劍䛇⤪㬌炻⌛ὧ㗗ℵ寸⭴斄Ὢ 炷䣦㚫屯㛔炸炻ḇ⮯⎒㗗ᶨ䧖ˬ㨇㚫˭炻⮵䣦⋨⮎岒䘬ㆸ攟≑䙲㚱旸ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ㔜橼侴妨炻ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒檀㕤䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒烊䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒⎬ 朊⎹㘖念Ỷ㕤ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒炻堐䎦䚠⮵庫Ἓ侭䁢ˬṢ㔯㔁做˭炻ˬ䴻㾇䤷䣱˭㚨⻙ˤᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒⎬朊⎹ᷕẍˬ䣦⋨⍫冯˭堐䎦㚨Ἓ炻ˬ⯭ỷ 䑘⠫˭⇯䚠⮵庫⻙ˤ ˬ䣦⋨⍫冯˭堐䎦庫Ἓ炻⎗傥冯䣦⋨柀堾炷⍿姒侭炸ᷳ檀⹎㈽ℍ䣦⋨ḳ⊁㚱斄ˤ䃉婾㗗䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䘬ˬ䴻㾇䤷䣱˭ㆾᾳṢⰌ䳂䘬ˬ⯭ỷ䑘⠫˭炻䘮冯⯭㮹䘬㖍ⷠ 䓇㳣〗〗䚠斄䘬炻⯌℞㗗ˬ䴻㾇䤷䣱˭㗗⼙枧⸠䤷デ䘬ᷣ天ㆸ↮ᷳᶨ炷Zautra et al., 1977炸炻℞堐䎦䚠⮵庫⻙⎗傥冯役ṃ⸜䴻㾇ね⊊ᶵἛ㚱斄ˤ䴻㾇冯䑘⠫庫暋ẍ䫎⎰ ⯭㮹㛇⼭䘬䎦尉炻㝸䧖䦳⹎ᶲ冯⇵徘ᷳˬ庇ˣ䠔橼˭暋ẍ䫎⎰⯭㮹䘬㛇⼭䚠⏣⎰炻 ⯌℞㗗⮵䚜㍍䚳⼿⇘䘬ˬ䑘⠫˭冯ˬ䴻㾇˭ᷳデ⍿⎗傥㚜㶙ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ġ㔜橼侴妨炻⃀䭉䣦⋨䈡⿏⮵䓇㳣⑩岒䔍㚱⼙枧炻⯌℞㗗䣦⋨⛘䎮⋨ỵ炻Ữ䛇㬋⮵䓇㳣⑩岒℟⼙枧≃䘬⮎䁢ˬ䣦⋨傥≃˭ˤ⎎⢾炻昌朄ン䣦⋨傥≃ᷕ䘬 ˬ䑘⠫≃˭冯䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒ᷕ䘬ˬ䴻㾇䤷䣱˭㛒忼栗叿䚠斄⢾炻䣦. Ʉ24Ʉ.

(25) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. ⋨傥≃䘬⎬ᾳ朊⎹冯䓇㳣⑩岒䘬⎬ᾳ朊⎹䘮忼栗叿䚠斄ˤ ˬ䴻㾇䤷䣱˭㗗姙⣂䣦⋨䆇忈䘬ᷣ天≽≃ᷳᶨ炻䈡⇍㗗⤪ỽ┬䓐冒䃞䑘⠫ㆾ䓇ンẍ䁢䣦⋨∝忈䴻㾇₡ῤ炻㚜㗗姙⣂䣦⋨䘬慵天ⶍἄ䚖㧁ˤ冢䀋䴻忶⣂⸜䘬䣦⋨䆇忈炻⶚㚱ṃ䣦⋨ẍ℞冒䃞䓇ン䑘⠫炷ἳ⤪烉❼慴㟫䰛䣦⋨䘬䓇ン㛹ˣ旧慴ⰙⰙ伶䣦 ⋨䘬忼⧄Ẳ察冒䃞䓇ン℔⚺炸∝忈↢⁚Ṣ䘬䣦⋨䓊㤕炻忚侴ⷞ≽䣦⋨䘬䴻㾇䤷䣱ˤ ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻ˬ䑘⠫≃˭冯ˬ䴻㾇䤷䣱˭攻㛒忼栗叿䚠斄炻ᶨ㕡朊⎗傥シ␛叿᷎朆⣂ 㔠䘬䣦⋨䘮傥┬䓐℞冒䃞䑘⠫䘬⃒⊊ẍ䁢℞ⷞἮ䴻㾇ᶲ䘬䤷䣱炻⯙㬌侴妨炻䣦⋨屯䓊⁭㗗ᶨ䧖ˬ㨇㚫˭炻⬫ᶵ⽭䃞傥⡆忚䣦⋨䘬䓇㳣⑩岒烊⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻Ṏ⎗傥シ␛叿冒䃞䑘⠫ⷞἮ䘬䴻㾇⇑䙲炻⁭㗗䣦⋨⮹㔠Ṣṓ㚱䘬炻侴↢䎦湫㸸⋼炷2004炸㇨䧙ᷳ ˬ⮹㔠Ṣ⇑䙲˭䘬䣦⋨䆇忈ˤ 炷⚃炸ġ䣦⋨傥≃ᷳ≽ン䘬ˬ⍫冯≃˭冯朄ン䘬ˬ屉䈑≃˭炻䘮䁢妋慳㔜橼ˣᾳṢⰌ 䳂冯䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬栗叿⚈⫸炻⎎⢾炻≽ン䘬ˬ柀⮶≃˭冯朄ン䘬ˬ斄 Ὢ≃˭炻Ṏ㗗妋慳ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒栗叿⚈⫸ˤ ⯙⼙枧䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䣦⋨傥≃⚈䳈奨ᷳ炻≽ン䘬ˬ⍫冯≃˭㚨䁢栗叿䘬⚈ 䳈ˤ䣦⋨⍫冯㗗ẍ德忶⯭㮹䘬㈽ℍ炻ẍὫ忚䣦⋨䤷䣱ᷳ㍸㖯䁢㖐嵋炷㜿ᾉ⺟䫱炻 2012炸炻䣦⋨⯭㮹䘬⍫冯䣦⋨ḳ⊁㗗ᶨ䧖䣦⋨㳣≃䘬⯽䎦炻⛐䣦⋨忳ἄ忶䦳ᷕ㈽ℍ ゛㱽ˣ埴≽ㆾ屯㸸炻᷎德忶⮵䣦⋨ḳ⊁䘬斄⽫ˣ埴≽䘬夷∫␴屯㸸䘬普䳸炻ᶵ⁭㚱 ≑㕤䣦⋨忶䦳䚖㧁炷➡≃炸䘬忼ㆸ炻㚜㗗忼ㆸ䣦⋨ᷳả⊁䚖㧁炷䣦⋨䤷䣱炸ᶵ⎗ㆾ 仢䘬天䳈ˤ忁ṃ䎦尉㬋㝸䧖䦳⹎⍵㗈↢䣦⋨㱣䎮䘬堐⽝ʇ⛘㕡ᷣ⮶冯℔㮹冒ㆹ㱣䎮炷Box, 1998炸炻Ṏ⎗⻟⊾℔㮹⍫冯ᷳ㚱≑㕤橼䎦䣦⋨㱣䎮㍸⋯䓇㳣⑩岒ᷳ䚖㧁䘬 ᾉ⾝炷O’Toole & Burdess, 2004烊㰇㖶ᾖ炻2009炸ˤ⯙㬌侴妨炻檀⹎䘬ˬ⍫冯≃˭ ᶵ⁭㗗䣦⋨㱣䎮䎮⾝䘬⯽䎦炻Ṏ㗗Ὣ忚䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬⚈⫸ˤ婈⤪ Paul炷1987: 2炸㇨㊯炻䣦⋨⍫冯傥⣈⛐ᾳṢ㇨⼿ˣㆸ攟ˣ冒䩳ㆾ℞Ṿ㇨㫚徥㯪䘬₡ῤⰌ朊䓊䓇≑ 䙲炻᷎⡆忚䤷䣱ˤ⎎⢾炻ˬ屉䈑≃˭㗗䣦⋨䓇㳣㨇傥䘬➢䢶炻ˬ屉䈑≃˭⮵䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬栗叿⼙枧炻⍵㗈↢䣦⋨䘬➢䢶⺢姕⮵䓇㳣⑩岒䘬⼙枧ˤ ˬ柀⮶≃˭冯ˬ斄Ὢ≃˭㗗妋慳䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬栗叿⚈⫸ˤ䣦⋨䘬柀堾ㆾ ⸡悐㗗䣦⋨䘬ᷕ➭ấ⫸炻℞妨埴䘮⎗傥⮵䣦⋨⯭㮹℟㚱卓⣏䘬⼙枧ἄ䓐炻⯌℞㗗⛐ 㼃䦣満⊾䔞ᷕ⼙枧⯭㮹䘬ン⹎炻忚侴⼙枧⇘⮵䣦⋨䘬娵䞍ˣ⍫冯␴斄Ὢ炷湫㸸⋼ 䫱炻2011炸ˤ䃞侴炻ˬ⛘㕡奺柕⊊≃䘬Ṍ丷˭ㆾˬ䎮ḳ攟冯㛹慴攟䚠Ḻ㈿堉˭㗗⎘ 䀋䣦⋨䘤⯽ᶲᶵ㕟塓娔䕭ㆾ㊹㇘䘬⓷柴炷㜿䴻䓓炻2002烊湫㸸⋼炻2004炸炻忁ṃ䎦. Ʉ25Ʉ.

(26) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. 尉⮵䣦⋨䘬␴媏ˣↅ倂ẍ⍲ḳ⊁䘬㍐≽冯䘤⯽炻⽭㚱䚠䔞屈朊䘬⼙枧ˤ⚈侴炻㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦ᷳˬ柀⮶≃˭冯ˬ斄Ὢ≃˭⮵䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬⼙枧炻ㆾ姙㝸䧖䦳⹎⛘⍵ 㗈↢䣦⋨柀⮶侭㛔幓䘬天ẞˣ傥≃⍲℞冯⯭㮹ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻⬫⮯斄Ὢ⇘䣦⋨ℏ悐䘬 ␴媏冯䣦⋨⢾悐斄Ὢ䘬⺢䩳炻᷎⼙枧⇘䣦⋨⯭㮹⮵䣦⋨㔜橼䘬娵䞍␴デ⍿ˤ䣦⋨ề Ờᷳ䣦⋨㱣䎮栆✳㗗⺢䩳⛐⇑⭛斄ὪṢ⼤㬌ᷳ攻䘬ᾉả冯ℙ嬀炷Pill & Bailey, 2012炸炻劍柀⮶≃傥⣈怑↯䘬䘤㎖炻᷎ⷞ≽䣦⋨䘬␴媏冯ↅ倂ᷳ斄Ὢ炻⇯⬫⮵䣦⋨ ềỜᷳ䣦⋨㱣䎮䚖㧁䘬忼ㆸ炻⮯℟㚱㶙怈䘬シ佑ˤ. Ρȃ๗፤˕ᄈަୣ‫ݾ‬౪ᇅަୣึ৥‫ޠ‬ཏో 䔞䣦⋨㱣䎮ㆸ䁢℔ℙ㱣䎮䘬慵天怠枭炻᷎䳸⎰䣦⋨䘤⯽徼⼹ἄ䁢徥㯪䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䫾䔍㗪炻⇵徘䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒㇨⏰䎦䘬斄Ὢ炻ㆾ⎗⮵㛒Ἦ⎘䀋⛐䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦⋨䘤⯽℟㚱䚠䔞䦳⹎䘬シ㵝炻勚⮯⎗傥䘬シ㵝冯⺢嬘㬠䲵⤪ᶳˤ 炷ᶨ炸ġ㈦↢䣦⋨䘬斄挝⃒⊊冯≋⊊炻ἄ䁢䣦⋨㱣䎮䘬↯ℍ溆炻ẍ┇≽䣦⋨㯠临䘤⯽ 䘬年忻炻᷎嬻䣦⋨㱣䎮ᷳˬ㓡┬↮惵䘬㓰䌯˭䘬䚖㧁⼿ẍ⮎䎦ˤ 㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻⍿姒侭⮵䣦⋨傥≃ㆾ䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒㘖念⬀⛐叿㬋⎹䘬䚳㱽炻ᶼ㚱 ṃ朊⎹堐䎦䚠⮵庫Ἓ炻ἳ⤪炻ˬ斄Ὢ≃˭ˣˬ柀⮶≃˭⍲ˬ䣦⋨⍫冯˭䫱炻忁ṃ朊 ⎹䘮冯䣦⋨㱣䎮㇨⻟婧ㆾ徥㯪ᷳˬ䣦⋨冒ㆹ䭉䎮˭ˣˬ⛘㕡ᷣ⮶˭ˣˬ℔㮹⍫冯˭ 冯ˬ䣦⋨➡≃˭䫱䎮⾝䚠䫎ˤ㛔䞼䨞Ṏ䘤䎦炻䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬⎬ᾳ朊⎹ 㘖念⏰䎦栗叿㬋䚠斄炻Ṏ⌛炻䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒⎗傥⬀⛐列⿏䘬⽒䑘ἄ䓐烊 ⎎⢾炻屉䈑≃冯⍫冯≃㗗⼙枧㔜橼ˣ䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂⍲ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬栗叿⚈⫸炻䃞侴炻ㆹᾹṎ䘤䎦䎦⬀ᷳˬ庽䈑岒ˣḇ庽㔯⊾˭䘬≋⊊䎦尉ˤ䁢㬌炻劍ㆹᾹ傥ẍ䣦⋨ 㖊㚱䘬⃒⊊ㆾ㼃⛐⃒⊊炻⍲㈦↢䣦⋨䘬⓷柴炻ℵ↿↢⼭妋㰢ᷳ⓷柴䘬⃒⃰㫉⸷炻᷎ 䚉⎗傥ẍ䣦⋨䘬⃒⊊Ἦ⚆ㅱㆾ妋㰢⓷柴炻劍傥⤪㬌炻⌛⎗⮯䣦⋨㱣䎮⮶ℍ㍸⋯䣦⋨ 傥≃冯Ὣ忚䓇㳣⑩岒䘬列⿏⽒䑘傰䴉烊Ṏ⎗嬻䣦⋨䘬⃒⊊冯⓷柴怑↯䘬忋䳸炻᷎ ⮎䎦䣦⋨㱣䎮ᷳˬ㓡┬↮惵䘬㓰䌯˭炻忚侴⮎䎦℞㇨徥㯪ᷳ㚜℟㓰䌯冯㓰傥䘬㚵⊁ 廠復䚖㧁ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ⻟⊾䣦⋨忋䳸≃炻᷎徸㬍䲵ℍ䣦⋨ᷳ⎬䧖⛀橼炾䳬䷼ㆸ䁢䣦⋨㱣䎮ᷳ䣦⋨ề Ờ炻ẍἄ䁢䣦⋨怩⎹㯠临䘤⯽䘬⼴䚦ˤ 㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻䣦⋨⛐≽ン傥≃ᷕ䘬ˬ忋䳸≃˭堐䎦䚠⮵庫⻙ˤ䵚䴉㗗䣦㚫屯㛔䘬㥳ㆸ天䳈ᷳᶨ炻䣦㚫屯㛔⇯䁢忼ㆸ䣦⋨㱣䎮ᷳˬ䣦㚫ↅ倂˭䚖㧁䘬➢䢶ˤPutnam. Ʉ26Ʉ.

(27) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. 炷1993炸㊯↢炻⯭㮹㖍ⷠ䓇㳣ᷕ⍫≈⎬栆䣦⛀ㆾ䳬䷼㇨⼊ㆸ䘬䵚䴉倗专炻⌛㗗∝忈䣦㚫屯㛔䘬⸛⎘炻㬌栆✳䘬䵚䴉グ⭮普炻䣦⋨⯭㮹ὧグ㚱⎗傥䁢普橼䤷䣱ℙ⎴⎰ ἄˤ⯙㬌侴妨炻⛐䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦⋨䘤䘬傰䴉墉炻忋䳸≃䘬唬⻙⮯ᶵ⇑㕤䣦⋨ềỜ斄 Ὢ䘬⼊ㆸˤ䁢⺢䩳䣦⋨ềỜẍἄ䁢䣦⋨㯠临䘤⯽䘬⼴䚦炻啱䓙⻟⊾忋䳸≃ẍ⺢䩳ᶵ ⎴悐攨ᷳ攻䘬忋䳸炻䈡⇍㗗⏠⺽ˬ⼰⮹俛倆˭␴ˬᶵ㖻㍍妠˭ᷳ⛀橼≈ℍ㱣䎮䘬埴 ↿炻㗗䨩䟜⼊ㆸ䣦⋨ềỜ斄Ὢᷳ旣≃䘬慵天徼⼹炻⏎⇯炻䣦⋨㱣䎮䳪⮯䃉㱽⚆ㅱ℞ 㫚德忶䣦⋨冒ㆹ䭉䎮Ἦ⍾ẋ䥹Ⰼ冯ⶪ⟜⣙曰䘬姜㯪炷O’Toole & Burdess, 2004炸炻䓂军↢䎦⚈ềỜ⋼≃䘬ᶵ嵛炻侴星ℍ䣦⋨Ṏ⣙曰䘬䩀⠫ 炷ᶱ炸ġ⻟⊾䣦⋨柀⮶Ṣ≃ᷳ⁔⊾ˣ㽨⊝ˣ䳸䚇冯Έ⮶ᷳ㈨ⶏ炻ẍ㊃⊇㚜⣂䧵㤝℔㮹 ⍲⇑⭛斄ὪṢ㈽ℍ䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬埴↿ˤ 㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻ˬ斄Ὢ≃˭冯ˬ柀⮶≃˭䘮䁢䣦⋨䚠⮵庫⻟䘬傥≃炻ᶼˬ柀⮶ ≃˭Ṏ㗗妋慳ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬栗叿嬲枭ˤ⤪⇵㇨徘炻⍿姒䘬䣦⋨柀⮶侭Ụ᷶⮵ 冒⶙䘬柀⮶≃⃭㺧䘬ᾉ⽫炻劍ㆹᾹ傥⣈┬䓐㖊㚱䣦⋨柀⮶侭ᷳ℟䅙婈冯ᾉ⽫䘬⃒ ⊊炻᷎㕥ẍ媠⤪⁔⊾ˣ㽨⊝ˣ䳸䚇冯Έ⮶䫱䣦⋨➡≃冯䣦⋨ềỜ㇨暨䘬䚠斄㈨ⶏ炻 ⮯⎗㽨䘤㚜⣂栀シ㈽ℍ䣦⋨㱣䎮埴↿䘬䧵㤝℔㮹炻忁ᶵỮ傥ⷞ≽䣦⋨ᷳ℞⬫傥≃䘬䘤㎖炻Ṏ⎗Ὣ忚䣦⋨䘤⯽㇨徥㯪ᷳ㍸⋯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒ᷳ䚖㧁䘬⮎䎦ˤToomey 炷2011: 193炸⌛娵䁢炻⛐䣦⋨䘤⯽➡≃䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻䣦⋨劍天傥⣈㚱㬋⎹ᶼ㯠临䘬㓡嬲炻柀⮶侭ㅱ⽆⁛䴙䘬㓹≑ˣ㍸ὃˣ≽⒉ㆾ妋㓦䘬奺刚炻廱⎹⁔⊾ˣ㽨⊝ˣ䳸䚇冯 Έ⮶䘬奺刚ˤ䁢㬌炻䣦⋨柀⮶侭䚠斄㈨ⶏ䘬➡妻␴䘤⯽炻ᶵ⁭⎗䳗䧵㚜寸⭴䘬䣦⋨ 㱣䎮冯䣦⋨䘤⯽ᷳ傥慷炻Ṏ㗗㍸㖯䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬慵天徼⼹ˤ 炷⚃炸ġẍ⻟⊾䣦⋨シ嬀⍲䆇忈⍳┬ˣ℔⸛冯⸛䫱⍫冯䑘⠫炻䁢䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦⋨䘤⯽ 䘬∝忈㚱⇑䘬㡅ẞˤ 㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻ˬ斄Ὢ≃˭ˣˬ⍫冯≃˭冯ˬ䣦⋨シ嬀˭㚱䚠⮵庫檀䘬䚠斄⿏炻 ⍰ˬ⍫冯≃˭㗗枸㷔㔜橼ˣᾳṢⰌ䳂⍲䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬栗叿嬲枭ˤ斄Ὢ≃ˣ⍫ 冯≃冯䣦⋨シ嬀䘮䁢㥳ㆸ䣦⋨䣦㚫屯㛔䘬天䳈炻䣦㚫屯㛔䁢䣦⋨㱣䎮ᷳˬ┬㱣˭枰 ℟⁁䘬天ẞ炷Bowles & Gintis, 2002炸炻᷎攻㍍⼙枧䣦⋨䘬䓇㳣⑩岒ˤ䌳㗍⊅ 炷2008炸⌛㊯↢炻䣦⋨⍫冯䘬ㆸ≇䴻槿⮯㶙⊾䣦⋨ㆸ⒉攻䘬ᾉả斄Ὢ炻忚侴Ὣ忚䣦㚫屯㛔炷斄Ὢ≃炸䘬䳗䧵冯㚜㕘ˤ㜿ᾉ⺟䫱炷2012炸䘬䞼䨞Ṏ䘤䎦炻䣦⋨⍫冯䘬忶䦳㚱≑㕤䣦㚫屯㛔⬀慷䘬䳗䧵炻䣦㚫屯㛔⮵䣦⋨⍫冯Ṏ㚱㬋⎹䘬妋慳≃ˤ䞼䨞Ṏ嫱 ⮎炻庫檀Ⰼ㫉ᷳ䣦㚫屯㛔䘬䣦⋨天㭼庫ỶⰌ㫉侭㚱㚜Ἓ䘬䓇㳣⑩岒炷Kavanaugh,. Ʉ27Ʉ.

(28) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. Reese, Carroll, & Rosson, 2005炸ˤ栗夳炻德忶䣦⋨⍫冯␴䣦⋨シ嬀⮵䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦 ⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬㍸⋯㚱℞慵天⼙枧≃ˤ 㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦ᾳṢⰌ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬䣦⋨⍫冯␴䣦⋨シ嬀䚠⮵堐䎦庫Ἓ炻Ữ⛐䣦⋨ ≽ン傥≃䘬⍫冯≃⌣㗗䚠⮵ῷỶ䘬ˤ忁ṃ䎦尉晾⍵㗈↢䣦⋨柀⮶侭⮵䣦⋨⍫冯䘬㈽ ℍ⹎庫Ἓ炻⌣ḇ⍵㗈↢柀⮶侭Ᾱ娵䁢䣦⋨⯭㮹⍫冯䣦⋨ḳ⊁䘬ᶵ嵛ˤḳ⮎ᶲ炻䣦⋨ ⍫冯ᶵ嵛ᶨ䚜㗗⎘䀋䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦⋨䘤⯽⼭䨩䟜䘬䎦尉炷㜿ᾉ⺟䫱炻2012炸ˤ䁢㬌炻䣦⋨㱣䎮䘬忶䦳⽭枰天傥㈦↢᷎㌺昌旣䣁ㆾᶵ⇑㕤䣦⋨⍫冯䘬⚈⫸ˤCollier 冯 Mitchell炷2015炸㊯↢炻䣦⋨䘬ềỜ劍傥⣈ᶨ崟⋼≑䣦⋨⺢䩳傥≃炻⮯㚱㚜⣂嬻䣦 ⋨嵐㕤䷩㥖䘬㨇㚫炻⯭㮹ḇ庫傥⣈㚱冺怑䘬䓇㳣⑩岒ˤ⚈侴炻䁢⻟⊾䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦 ⋨䘤⯽䘬傥慷炻㚜䁢㍸㖯䣦⋨ᷳ䓇㳣⑩岒炻䃉婾㗗㓧⹄䘬㓧䫾ㆾ䣦⋨䘬⮎⊁炻䘮ㅱ 农≃㕤䆇忈㚱≑㕤⍳┬ˣ℔⸛冯⸛䫱䘬⍫冯䑘⠫炻ẍ忚ᶨ㬍Ὣ忚䣦⋨シ嬀⍲䣦⋨⍫ 冯䘬シ栀炻忚侴䁢䣦⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬㍸㖯∝忈㚱⇑䘬㡅ẞˤ 炷Ḽ炸ġẍ⻟⊾➢䢶ⶍ䦳冯䴻㾇⺢姕炻䁢⻟⊾䣦⋨傥≃䘬ᶨ䑘炻᷎ㆸ䁢䣦⋨㱣䎮␴ 䣦⋨㯠临䘤⯽䘬㓗㞙㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦炻ˬ屉䈑≃˭␴ˬ⍫冯≃˭䘮䁢⼙枧䣦⋨㔜橼ˣᾳṢ⍲䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬栗叿⚈䳈ˤ㛔䞼䨞㊯↢炻⎘䀋䘬䣦⋨䘤⯽ᶵ⁭ˬ庽䈑岒炻ḇ庽㔯⊾˭ˤ䈑岒㗗㚱⼊䘬炻⃀䭉䚠斄䘬䞼䨞ᶨℵ⻟婧ˬ䣦⋨シ嬀˭ˣˬ䣦⋨⍫冯˭⮵䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬慵天⿏炻Ữ忁᷎ᶵシ␛叿䣦⋨䘬➢䢶冯䴻㾇⺢姕㗗ᶵ慵天䘬炻⍵Ὰ⎗傥㗗傥⏎┇≽ 䣦⋨㱣䎮冯䣦⋨䘤⯽䘬➢㛔朊ˤCollier 冯 Mitchell炷2015炸⌛娵䁢炻➢䢶⺢姕䘬㈽屯⮯䁢䣦⋨攳∝᷎ᾅ㚱ⶍἄ㨇㚫炻䣦⋨㚱㫋㫋⎹㥖䘬ẩ㤕⎗㍸ὃ䴎⍿ₙ侭⍲℞⭞Ṣ 㚜⣂⍾⼿屯㸸䘬㨇㚫炻忚侴㓡┬ㆾ㍸⋯℞䓇㳣⑩岒ˤ劙⚳䣦⋨㱣䎮㓧䫾ᷣ天䚖㧁ᷳ ᶨ⌛䁢惘慴㚜㕘炷Pill & Bailey, 2012炸ˤ忁ṃ⮵➢䢶䳸㥳␴䴻㾇⺢姕䘬斄㲐炻⶚塓 ⬠侭夾䁢䘤⯽ㆾ《⽑䣦⋨傥≃䘬慵天朊⎹炷Berks & Ross, 2013炸炻Ṏ㗗㍸⋯䓇㳣⑩ 岒䘬慵天⚈䳈炷Collier & Mitchell, 2015炸ˤ ℐ朊⿏䘬䣦⋨䘤⯽㴱⍲⇘姙⣂朊⎹炻劍⎬朊⎹䘮㫚朊朊ᾙ⇘炻⍵侴⎗傥ᶨ攳⥳ ὧ↮㔋䣦⋨䘬傥慷炻⚈侴炻㍉⍾徸㬍䓙溆侴䶂侴朊䘬䴻䆇䫾䔍炻㗗嬻䣦⋨㛅⎹ℐ朊⿏䘤⯽䘬慵天徼⼹炻䁢㬌炻⮵㝸ṃ嗽㕤Ỷ⹎䘤⯽䘬䣦⋨炻劍傥⣈⽆庫䁢栗叿䘬ᶼ䚳⼿⇘䘬ˬ屉䈑≃˭炷ᷣ天䁢䣦⋨䘬➢䢶冯䴻㾇⺢姕炸叿ㇳ炻⌛⎗傥忚ᶨ㬍妠≽⯭㮹䘬䣦⋨シ嬀ㆾ䣦⋨⍫冯炻忚侴䁢䣦⋨䘬㱣䎮冯䘤⯽⳴ℍ庫䁢䨑⚢䘬㓗㞙ˤ. Ʉ28Ʉ.

(29) ‫ૈ୔ޗ‬Κᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ғࢲࠔ፦ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǻჹ‫ݯ୔ޗ‬౛ᆶ‫୔ޗ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬ཀ఼. ήȃः‫ف‬४‫ښ‬ᇅଔᝧ ⃀䭉䣦⋨䘬⭂佑⶚嵐㕤⣂⃫炻ⓗ⚈➢㕤䞼䨞⎗埴⿏䘬䎦⮎侫慷炻㛔䞼䨞怠㑯ẍ ⛘䎮⋨➇䁢➢㸾䘬䞼䨞䭬䔯炻暋ẍℤ栏⇘ὅḳ䶋㇨⼊ㆸ䘬䣦⋨ˤ⛐䞼䨞⮵尉䘬怠㑯 ᶲ炻䁢栏⍲⍿姒侭⮵䣦⋨䚠斄ḳ⊁枰㚱ᶨ⭂䦳⹎䘬䝕妋炻ᶼ天傥⣈℟㚱ẋ堐⿏炻㓭怠⍾ẍ䣦⋨柀⮶侭䁢⍿姒⮵尉炻农ἧ㛔䞼䨞⎗傥暋ẍ⭋䧙㗗㘖念䣦⋨⯭㮹䘬奨溆ˤ ⛐䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒䘬㑵ἄᶲ炻⚈䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫㇨䭬⭂䘬䣦⋨炻⣏⣂㔠⛘䎮⋨➇䭬䔯ㆾ傥慷㚱旸炻䣦⋨ᷳ⭊奨屯妲⺢䩳ᶵ⬴⁁ㆾ吸普ᶵ㖻炻⸦䴻妶婾␴⿅侫炻⎒⤥㍉ ⍾㪲⭄䘬⥍⋼㕡⺷炻㓡ẍ婳⍿姒侭↮⇍⽆ẋ堐㔜橼䣦⋨⯭㮹䘬奺⹎炷䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂炸炻 ẍ⍲ᾳṢ冒幓䴻槿炷ᾳṢⰌ䳂炸䘬奺⹎炻Ἦ⮵䣦⋨㔜橼⍲ᾳṢ䘬䓇㳣⑩岒奨⮇炻忁䧖Ὗ旸⎗傥旸⇞Ḯ䣦⋨Ⰼ䳂䓇㳣⑩岒ᷳ屯妲䘬娖慳ㆾ㍐婾ˤ ⃀䭉㚱⇵徘䘬Ὗ旸炻㛔䞼䨞ḇ忼ㆸᶨṃ慵天䘬㓰䙲ˤ椾⃰炻㛔䞼䨞Ὢᶨấ憅⮵ ℐ⎘ 6,220 ⣂ᾳ䩳㟰䘬䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫ὅ PPS ⍇䎮㉥㧋炻ẍ朊姒婧㞍䘬㕡⺷忚埴炻ᶼ ⬴姒䌯忼ᶨ⭂䦳⹎炻㓭䞼䨞䳸㝄㚱℞ẋ堐⿏ˤ℞㫉炻㛔䞼䨞嫱⮎䣦⋨傥≃Ὢ⼙枧䣦 ⋨䓇㳣⑩岒䘬ᷣ天嬲枭炻忁⮵䔞ẋ⻟婧䣦⋨㱣䎮ᷳ℔㮹⍫冯℟㚱慵天䘬シ㵝炻ḇ⏲ 姜ㆹᾹ䣦⋨➢䢶⺢姕䘬⽭天⿏ˤ㚨⼴炻㛔䞼䨞㍉⮎嫱䞼䨞㍊妶䣦⋨傥≃冯䣦⋨䓇㳣 ⑩岒ᷳ斄Ὢ炻⎗⻴墄䚖⇵憅⮵忁ℑᾳ㤪⾝忚埴斄倗⿏䞼䨞ᷳᶵ嵛䘬仢ㅦˤ. ୥ՄНᝧ 䌳㗍⊅炷2008炸ˤ۩Җަୣ୥ᇅ՘࣐ϟኈ៫ዂԓः‫ف‬ˤ⚳䩳ᷕⰙ⣏⬠℔ℙḳ⊁䭉䎮䞼䨞㇨⌂⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻檀晬ˤ 㰇㖶ᾖ炷2009炸ˤަୣ‫ݾ‬౪ϟ౪፤៞ᜍᇅᄃଡ଼‫ݚ‬௥Ȉп‫ަ୾ש‬ୣᕋആ࢈๋࣐‫پ‬ ȞJȟȞ䱦䯉䇰ȟˤ埴㓧昊⚳⭞䥹⬠⥼⒉㚫䞼䨞妰䔓ㆸ㝄⟙⏲炷NSC 972410-H004-096炸炻㛒↢䇰ˤ 㛶㯠⯽ˣ⏛⬇剛炷2005炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪᷣ奨䓇㳣⑩岒ᷳ堉慷ˤഎҀᇅॏฬ炻32炷4炸炻 387-420ˤ 㜿ᾉ⺟ˣ匲ὸ㖽ˣ∱䳈䍵ˣ湫㸸⋼炷2012炸ˤMaking Community Work烉䣦⋨屯㛔冯䣦⋨⍫冯斄倗⿏ᷳ䞼䨞ˤѯᢋަཽᆌւᏱё炻10炷2炸炻161-210ˤ 㜿䴻䓓炷2002炸ˤ䣦⋨䆇忈冯ⶪ㮹⍫冯烉䣦⋨䷥橼䆇忈䘬䎦㱩冯䎮゛ˤུзखහ৳ ፤Ꮼ炻19炻30-38ˤ Ʉ29Ʉ.

(30) ǸϦӅՉࡹᏢൔǸ ಃѤΜΐය ҇104ԃ9Д. ⬓㖶䁢炷1997炸ˤпϵӔ೪ࢋᅗཏ࡚ᇅަཽᆪ๝஽࡚ຠզަୣҢࣁࠣ፵ϟः‫ف‬ˤ⚳ 䩳ㆸ≇⣏⬠悥ⶪ妰∫⬠䲣䡑⢓婾㔯炻㛒↢䇰炻⎘⋿ˤ 㠩䁛䏐ˣ⻝攟佑炷2005炸ˤ⍇ỷ㮹㕷悐句奨⃱䘬㔯⊾䴻㾇冯䣦㚫屯㛔烉ẍⰙ伶䣦⋨ 䁢ἳˤӵ౪Ᏹൣ炻39炻31-51ˤ 悕䐆✌ˣ䌳㗍⊅ˣ昛楁⇑炷2007炸ˤ⯭㮹䣦⋨➡≃冯䣦㚫屯㛔ˣ䣦⋨シ嬀斄倗⿏ᷳ 䞼䨞烉ẍ檀晬ⶪ㷗⎋䣦⋨䁢ἳˤϵӔ‫ٲ‬ଡ଼ຠ፤炻8炷2炸炻97-129ˤ 湫㘾㘜ˣ傉㵹屆炷嬗炸炷2006炸ˤ䣦⋨傥≃ᷳ㷔慷炷Dr. Suzanne Jackson 㺼嫃炸ˤ ୋஷ࠳ҀᏱё炻188-194ˤ 湫㸸⋼炷2004炸ˤ䣦⋨ⶍἄỽ⍣ỽ⽆烉䣦⋨䘤⯽烎䣦⋨䆇忈烎ަୣึ৥۠ё炻 107炻78-87ˤ 湫㸸⋼ˣ∱䳈䍵ˣ匲ὸ㖽ˣ㜿ᾉ⺟炷2010炸ˤ䣦⋨䣦㚫屯㛔冯䣦⋨䘤⯽斄倗⿏ᷳ䞼䨞ˤϵӔ՘࢈Ᏹൣ炻34炻29-75ˤ 湫㸸⋼ˣ∱䳈䍵ˣ唕㔯檀炷2011炸ˤ劙⚳䣦⋨㕘㓧⮵⎘䀋䣦⋨ⶍἄ䘬┇䣢冯ῇ掉烉䣦⋨㱣䎮奨溆䘬↮㜸ˤѯτަཽϏձᏱё炻23炻1-46ˤ 䄲䐆㠭炷1995炸ˤ䣦㚫䵚䴉䘬屯㕁吸普ˣ㷔慷冯↮㜸炻庱㕤䪈劙厗ˣ‭ẘ㬊ˣ䝧㴟㸸炷䶐炸炻ަཽ።ࢦᇅϸ‫ݚ‬ȈަཽऌᏱः‫ف‬Р‫ݳ‬ᔯଇᇅࠊᙂϟΚ炷313356 枩炸ˤ⎘⊿烉ᷕ⣖䞼䨞昊㮹㕷⬠䞼䨞㇨⮰↲ˤ 哉⎱㸸炷1995炸ˤ婾⎘䀋⛘⋨䣦㚫屯㛔ˣ䣦⋨シ嬀冯䣦⋨䣦㚫ᷳ慵⺢ˤѯᢋစᔽ炻 228炻1-12ˤ Ackerman, N., & B. Paolucci (1983). Objective and subjective income adequacy: Their relationship to perceived life quality measures. Social Indicators Research, 12(1), 25-48. Aki, H., M. Tomotake, Y. Kaneda, J. Iga, S. Kinouchi, S. Shibuya-Tayoshi, … T. Ohmori (2008). Subjective and objective quality of life, levels of life skills, and their clinical determinants in outpatients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 158(1), 19-25. Berkes, F. & H. Ross (2013). Community resilience: Toward an integrated approach. Society and Natural Resources, 26(1), 5-20. Bourdieu, P. (1997). The forms of capital. In A. H. Halsey, H. Launder, P. Brown, & A. S. Wells (Eds.), Education: Culture, Economy, and society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bowles, S. & H. Gintis (2002). Social capital and community governance. The Economic Journal, 112(483), 419-436. Ʉ30Ʉ.

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