發酵乳產品中乳桿菌屬的菌數測定與菌種鑑定 周其勳、陳明造
E-mail: [email protected]
摘 要
本實驗針對市售發酵乳以PCR方法進行乳桿菌屬菌種與數量的鑑定,選取經過健康食品認證的8種品牌發酵乳進行分析,
經過兩種選擇性培養基AMRSA(Hcl-Acidified de Man Rogosa &Sharpe Agar)及LAMVAB(Lactobacillus anaerobic MRS agar with vancomycin and bromocresol green)的培養後,選取單一菌株進行PCR後,進行菌種之不同生物層級鑑定。這是民 國88年公佈健康食品管理辦法後第一份針對市售發酵乳產品所做的調查;在所有8個品牌中,共計鑑定出Lactobacillus casei
、Lactobacillus rhamnosus、Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis等菌,有3個品牌的標示菌種完全未檢出,一個品牌在兩種 培養基中均無菌落生長。至於總活性乳酸菌數的部份,8個品牌之24個樣品中,只有2個樣品的菌數符合標示菌數,其餘樣 品均低於標示菌數。
關鍵詞 : 乳桿菌屬 ; 益生菌 ; 發酵乳
目錄
封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書iii 中文摘要iv 英文摘要v 誌謝vi 目錄vii 圖目錄x 表目錄xi 第一章 前言1 第二章 文獻回顧4 2.1 發酵 乳4 2.2 益生菌的歷史及定義4 2.3 益生菌對健康的影響5 2.4 較常使用的益生菌6 2.5 乳桿菌屬(Lactobacillus)的特徵7 2.6 乳桿 菌屬的鑑定方法8 第三章 材料與方法10 3.1 材料:試藥與儀器10 3.2 材料:樣品來源11 3.3 總乳桿菌數之測定13 3.3.1 培養 基13 3.3.1.1 Solution Preparation13 3.3.1.2 使用之培養基成分14 3.3.2 發酵乳樣品培養與總乳桿菌數計數14 3.3.3 乳桿菌分離 與純化15 3.4 菌種鑑定16 3.4.1 取得培養菌株之Genomic DNA 16 3.4.2 菌屬專一性的PCR 16 3.4.3 群組專一性多步驟之PCR 17 3.4.3.1 PCR-Group 18 3.4.3.2 PCR-Ⅱ-1 20 3.4.3.3 PCR-Ⅱ-2 21 3.4.4 菌種專一性的PCR 22 3.4.4.1 L. casei及L. rhamnosus 22 3.4.4.2 L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus及L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis 24 3.4.4.3 L. acidophilus、L. paracase、 L. zeae 25 第四章 結果與討論 27 4.1 菌數測定之結果 27 4.1.1 菌落型態 27 4.1.2 總活性乳桿菌數 31 4.2 菌種鑑定 32 4.2.1 菌屬專一性的PCR 32 4.2.2 群組專一性多步驟之PCR 33 4.2.2.1群組專一性PCR 33 4.2.3 菌種專一性PCR 33 4.2.3.1 L. casei及L. rhamnosus 34 4.2.3.2 L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus及L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis 34 4.2.4 鑑定之結果 37 4.3 綜合討論 37 第五章 結論 41 參考 文獻 42 附 錄 47 圖目錄 圖3-1 乳桿菌屬17個參考菌株依據16S-23S rRNA核?酸序列所排列之基因樹狀圖 18 圖4-1 L.
acidophilus在AMRSA(左)及LAMVAB(右)兩種培養基之菌落外觀 30 圖4-2 L. casei在AMRSA(左)及LAMVAB(右)
兩種培養基之菌落外觀 30 圖4-3 菌屬專一性PCR後電泳之結果 32 圖4-4 群組專一性多步驟之Group-PCR電泳之結果 35 圖4-5 AMRSA培養基之菌種專一性PCR後電泳結果35 圖4-6 LAMVAB培養基菌種專一性PCR後電泳之結果36 圖4-7 AMRSA培養基之樣品代號C及J的菌種專一性PCR後電泳之結果36 表目錄 表2-1 作為益生菌種之乳桿菌屬細菌6 表2-2 作為 益生菌種之雙歧桿菌屬細菌7 表3-1 獲得健康食品核可之活菌發酵乳產品一覽表12 表3-2 Genus-Specific PCR設定17 表3-3 Group-Specific PCR設定表19 表3-4 Group PCR-Ⅱ-1設定表21 表3-5 Group PCR-Ⅱ-2設定表22 表3-6 Species-specific PCR(1
)設定表23 表3-7 Species-specific PCR(2)設定表24 表3-8 Species-specific PCR(3)設定表26 表4-1 市售優酪乳以不同培 養基分析結果28 表4-2 所有樣品之菌種鑑定結果39
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