我國社會工作教育的發展：後專業主義的課題

ש୾ަཽϏձఁيޠึ৥Ȉ

ࡤ஠ཿлဏޠ፟ᚡ

ݔ࿳ቈ

*

୾ҴᇄᢋτᏱަཽϏձᏱقఁ௳

* ձ޲ E-mail: [email protected] 2010 Ԓ 4 У 29 СԞጉȇ2010 Ԓ 10 У 20 СጃۢёีȄ

ᄣ्

ҐН௥ଇᇄᢋ௄ 1997 ԒަཽϏձ৲ݳ೾ႇࢋ՘пٿȂτᏱަཽϏձ ఁيޠึ৥Ȅึ౫ަཽϏձقܛ֖ॼ኶ԚߞȂᏱҢ኶ࠍቩђژ 2.5 ॼȄަ ཽϏձ৲ၦ኶໕ᓎقܛቩђՅԚߞȄկ࢑ȂަཽϏձʝަཽ࢈๋ʝަཽᆌ ւ஠ߞ৲ၦќᖃ৲ၦޠЩ౦ࠔءԥණାȄਰЗ፟โ೪ॏя౫஠ߟᙜཿᇅ׭ ೛΢সՄၑስᏳަཽϏձఁيޠᄙ༗ઊם݃ᡘȄ஠ߞ፟โዂಣ೤დᗷԥ׾ ᡑȂկηґ඾ႈᄃࢋȂйөਯӶึ৥஠ߞ፟โዂಣਣٯґ׈ӓஉ՘ϸಣഷ մᏱϸ೤ۢȄᖃࢃᇄᢋ࿌ࠊަཽϏձఁيϬด८ᖞ৲ၦ፵໕ϛ٘ȃ፟โӵ შ೤დϛ׈ᐍȃਰЗ஠ߞ፟โထಣϾϛ׈ᐍȃ፟โቺԪϛ݃ޠ֩ძȄ׾๢ ϟၿ࢑၅஽஠ཿ৲ၦȃୣ஀قܛϸϏȃቩໍ፟โᐍӬȃᜱᛅ৶༗ҔဏȄ ᜱᗥԆȈަཽϏձఁيȃ፟โӵშȃ፟โዂಣ

൧ȃࠊّ

Ս 1951 ԒକȂש୾໡ۗึ৥ަཽϏձఁي٠ϭȂϑစᐤΠљঐзख ӼȂ௄пஊيަཽ՘࢈΢Ϙ࣐ҭޠȂژଌጜ஠ཿަཽϏձ޲࣐ۡԠȂڐ໣ ഷτޠߵԚ୞Ω࢑୾ϲަཽစᔽᡑ᎑ழٿޠֆ΢஠ཿ΢ΩޠሰؒȃІпज ୾࣐лޠަཽϏձ஠ཿӒໍ୾ঢ়ޠᘘයਞݏȄڐ໣ኈ៫ഷτޠ࢈๋नෂ࢑ ަୣึ৥ޠЖໍȃࣹҀ࢈ۻဓңަཽϏձসښ࡚ޠ௱୞ȂпІ 1997 Ԓޠ ަཽϏձ৲ݳ೾ႇȄࠊڎ޲ቂ៫ѯᢋަཽϏձ஠ཿఁيޠ੊಑ȇࡤ޲ழ୞ ུޠΚݱȂηᔗ၏࢑ഷࡤΚݱȂτᏱ೪ဋަཽϏձᏱقܛޠॴዙȄ ௄஠ཿึ৥ޠႇโٿࣽȂҴݳߴៗпᄈ׫ࣻ᎒ޠ஠ཿІঘ౪ԉࠍޠښ ۢȂೞᇰ࣐࢑ަཽϏձ׈Ԛ஠ཿϾޠഷࡤโזȞWilensky, 1964ȟȄᐄԫȂ ަཽϏձ৲ݳޠ೾ႇࢋ՘Ȃ౪ᔗηхߓᇄᢋަཽϏձ஠ཿϾޠ׈ԚȄด ՅȂ೼хߓ஠ཿፁࠐึ৥ȉ׼ܗӡᐡѳӆȉܼ஠ཿϾϟࡤȂ݉ଡ଼ᄈຬ᠍ ઊޠߴሬȃ஠ཿަထޠึ৥ȃᏱҢᇅަཽϏձ޲Ңీޠ೤დȂณΚϛ࢑ަ ཽϏձఁيࣩᇅ஠ཿಣᙒᔗ၏ࡧՄޠ፟ᚡȄᇄᢋަཽϏձఁيޠึ৥ηഃ ᅛڨژᏱ೛ࣩޠᜱݨȄ୾ऌཽ෇ܼ 1999 Ԓໍ՘ަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւᏱऌ ೤დःفȞݔ࿳ቈȃ֗᝙ᓘȃ᎓ᝌࣣȂ1999ȇݔ࿳ቈȂ2000ȟᄈަཽϏձ ৲ݳ೾ႇࠊޠᇄᢋަཽϏձఁيึ৥ԥၐಡޠଇ፤ȄചᝌݡȞ2002ȟη෇ ௥ଇᇄᢋަཽϏձఁيϜޠ૗ΩȞcompetenceȟࡿዀȄFengȞ2008ȟ਴ᐄ ചᝌݡޠःف๗፤ଇ፤ᇄᢋަཽϏձఁيϜޠ૗ΩᎵԚఁيȄShek, Lee and TamȞ2007ȟᜱϹᇄᢋަཽϏձఁيϜޠःفܛఁيࠣ፵Ȅ ҐНпөقܛᆪયϵҁޠၦਠ࣐ஆᙄȂ௄قܛȃ৲ၦȃ፟โήঐ८Ӫȃ ѳঐࡿዀٿ௥ଇ௄ަཽϏձ৲ݳႶոࢋ՘ࡤȂѯᢋަཽϏձఁيޠึ৥Ȃ ၑშሡ௦ 1999 Ԓ୾ऌཽޠःفၦਠȄໍΚؐᔯຝڐ֩ძȇٯၑ຀ණяΚ ٳ၍؛ୱᚡޠ࡛ឋȂпձ࣐ަཽϏձఁيࣩޠ୥ՄȄ

ະȃ1997 Ԓпٿש୾ަཽϏձఁيޠึ৥

Κȃقܛޠτ໕ቩђ

ژ 1996 Ԓ࣐ЦȂѯᢋޠτᏱ೪ԥަཽϏձʝަཽᆌւᏱقȞಣȟτ ᏱഌޠԥѯіτᏱȃѯᢋ৲ጓτᏱȃݎ੖τᏱȃѯᢋτᏱȃНϾτᏱȞۈ ໣ഌȟȃѯࠓઢᏱଲȃህϧτᏱȃНϾτᏱȃᄃ፻τᏱȃݎ֕τᏱȃ࢈ݾ ձ᏾ᏱਯȃᓘۤτᏱȃା໱ᚃᏱτᏱȃϜҔτᏱȂॏ 14 ঐᏱਯ໡೪ަཽ ϏձقȞಣȟȂܤԞᏱҢङ 1100 ΢ȇᆉςੳॏԥѯᢋτᏱȃНϾτᏱȞڌ ่ᆌւȟȃݎ੖τᏱȃ࢈ݾτᏱȃϜҔτᏱȃݎ֕τᏱȃ໩݃τᏱȃѯࠓ ઢᏱଲȃᄳࠓ୾ርτᏱȃᓘۤτᏱ๊ 10 ܛȂܤԞᏱҢङ 140 ΢ȇീςੳ ԥϜҔτᏱȃݎ੖τᏱ๊ 2 ܛȂܤԞᏱҢ 11 ΢Ȟݔ࿳ቈ๊΢Ȃ1999ȇݔ ࿳ቈȂ2000Ȃ2006ȟȄ ௄ 1997 ژΠ 2010 ԒȂѯᢋέӼ೪Πҝ৊τᏱȃҞύઢᏱଲȃᄳࠓ୾ ርτᏱȃߞᄹτᏱȃპࠓ᛿౪ऌ׭τᏱȃٴࢹτᏱȃ්໩ऌ׭τᏱȃࡏݎ ऌ׭τᏱȃϜύᚃᏱτᏱȃτϧऌ׭τᏱȃजڸ׭೛ᏱଲȂпІݎ๽τᏱ ޠҖఋึ৥ᇅަཽϏձᏱق๊ 13 ঐτᏱഌޠަཽϏձʝަཽᆌւᏱق ȞಣȟȂܤҢङ 1590 ΢ȇཐᔽτᏱȃህϧτᏱȃѯіτᏱȃ୾٪τᏱ࢈ݾ ձ᏾ᏱଲȃНϾτᏱȞߨЎԒڌ่ᆌւःفܛӶᙜ஠ੳȟȃҝ৊τᏱȃٴ ࢹτᏱȃߞᄹτᏱȃᄃ፻τᏱȃା໱ᚃᏱτᏱȃࡏݎऌ׭τᏱȃ৲ጓτᏱȃ НϾτᏱȞަཽᆌւःفܛȟȃ්໩ऌ׭τᏱȃϜύᚃᏱτᏱ๊ᆉςੳ 14 ܛȂܤҢ 207 ΢ȇᄳࠓ୾ርτᏱȃѯᢋτᏱڎܛീςੳȂܤҢ 8 ӫȄᖃॏ ᄡՎ 2010 ԒȂѯᢋϑԥ 26 ঐަཽϏձʝަཽᆌւᏱقȞಣȟȃ24 ঐᆉς ੳȃ4 ঐീςੳȂᖃॏؑԒஊᎵङ 2650 ՞τᏱഌᇅ 347 ՞ᆉς઼ޠަཽϏ ձʝަཽᆌւϏձ޲ȂпІ 19 ӫѿѢޠަཽϏձʝަཽᆌւീςȄ೼ᗚ

ϛєࢃ 6 ঐпՃ΢ᆌւȞ݉ଡ଼ȟ࣐ӫޠऌقȂഌϸηӶஊᎵՃ΢ᆌւϏձ ΢সȞُߓ 1ȟȄ ᖃࢃߗΫᎸԒٿѯᢋަཽϏձఁيޠึ৥Ȃԥпίංঐᗎ༗Ȉ ȞΚȟަཽϏձᏱقȞಣȃܛȟቩђץഁȄ1997 ԒަཽϏձ৲ݳ೾ႇ ࢋ՘ࡤޠ 12 ԒٿȂѯᢋަཽϏձقܛቩђޠ኶໕ङ๊Ӥܼႇ џ 45 ԒޠತᑗȄ ȞΡȟུ೪ҴޠަཽϏձقܛϑ௄ΚૢτᏱᘘ৥ژऌ׭τᏱȄ௄ 1996 Ԓࡏݎऌ׭τᏱӶҢࣁᔗңऌᏱ׭೛Ᏹقί೪ԥަཽϏ ձᏱโȂܝ໡Πऌ׭τᏱ೪ဋަཽϏձᏱقޠזᄎȄϟࡤȂპ ࠓ᛿౪ऌ׭τᏱȃ්໩ऌ׭τᏱȃτϧऌ׭τᏱȃजڸ׭೛Ᏹ ଲ๊ਯીી཮ཧަཽϏձ৲ݳޠዦዙȂ೪ҴަཽϏձᏱقȄ ȞήȟؾҴτᏱ೪ҴަཽϏձᏱقӼܼϵҴτᏱȄ1997 ԒпࠊȂѯᢋ ԥ 8 ঐϵҴτᏱ೪ԥަཽϏձقȞಣȟܛȂङќܛԥަཽϏձ قܛޠΚљȄᓎ຀ 1990 Ԓхఁيഌ໡ܺኅ೪τᏱ࢈๋пٿȂ ؾҴτᏱ኶໕ቩђȂؾҴτᏱ೪ҴަཽϏձقܛޠ኶໕ηᓎ຀ ቩђȄϵҴτᏱѬቩђࡏݎऌ׭τᏱȃݎ๽τᏱڎਯȂկ࢑ؾ ҴτᏱࠔቩђΠ 9 ਯȄ ȞѳȟަཽϏձᏱҢ΢኶ԚߞץഁȄᗷดུ೪ҴޠަཽϏձᏱق኶໕ ࢑ႇџޠ 2 ॼȄկ࢑ȂᏱҢ΢኶ࠔ࢑ႇџޠ 2.5 ॼȄ঩ӱ࢑ؾ ҴᏱਯؑقؑԒܤҢ΢኶ङ๊ܼϵҴτᏱޠ 1.5 ॼȂٻަཽϏ ձᏱҢ኶ᑸ๭ץഁȄ Ȟϥȟ඾೪ަཽϏձᆉςੳȄଷΠპࠓȃτϧȃजڸήঐऌ׭τᏱȂ Іݎ๽τᏱུ೪Җఋึ৥ᇅަཽϏձقءԥᆉςੳϟѵȂڐᎸ τᏱഎϑ೪ԥᆉςੳȂٻѯᢋަཽϏձଌጜЬྦ݃ᡘණЁژᆉ ς઼ȄᗷดȂߗΫᎸԒٿޠަཽϏձᏱҢϛ፤τᏱഌȃᆉςੳ

΢኶എ֖౫ 2.5 ॼޠԚߞȂᆉς઼ःفҢη༊ќᏱҢᖃ኶ޠ 13%Ȅկ࢑ȂҦܼަཽϏձ൸ཿҀൠ΢Ωٽ๞τܼሰؒȂІτ ᏱഌަཽϏձᏱҢ౴ཿࡤ௄ٲަཽϏձޠཏ᜺ϛᛨۢȂՅަཽ ϏձᆉςҢࣻᄈԥཏ᜺௄ٲަཽϏձȂٻѯᢋަཽϏձᆉςӶ ൸ཿҀൠ஡Ԛ࣐лࢻȄ ȞϳȟަཽϏձఁيഃᅛӲᘫளᄙȄ࣐ӱᔗ 1973 Ԓژ 1990 Ԓ໣ᄃ፻ τᏱࠊٙ஠ऌᏱਯਣ෉ܛଌጜяٿޠަཽϏձ޲໹၅ঔᏱ ϸȂпڦூަཽϏձᏱςᏱ՞ȂՅ໡ᒳޠΡԒښӶᙜ஠ੳȂԄ ᄃ፻τᏱȃࡏݎऌ׭τᏱȃҝ৊τᏱȃߞᄹτᏱ๊ਯȂְӱᏱ Ңٿྜ෶ЎՅܼ 2005 Ԓࠊࡤ୅ᒳȄՅഌϸᏱਯ࣐Р߰ԥעൣ ՄަཽϏձ৲ޠߩަཽϏձऌقޠᏱҢȂڦூ 20 Ᏹϸޠഷմ ൣՄၦੀߟᘥȂՅ໡೪ޠ 20 ᏱϸੳȂηӱҀൠԥ४Յીી୅ ᒳȄҭࠊѬ഼ίུ೪Ҵޠजڸ׭೛Ᏹଲ᝸៊ᒳ౪τᏱഌΡԒښ ஠ੳᇅ 45 ᏱϸੳȄѯᢋޠަཽϏձ஠ཿఁيഃᅛӲᘫளᄙ ˕ѳԒښτᏱᇅΡԒښᆉςੳȄ Վܼ࣐եؾҴτᏱ୒ན೪ҴަཽϏձᏱقȉၿ౪࡟ᙐ൑Ȃӱ࣐೪Ҵަ ཽϏձᏱقԚҐմȄܛሰዀྦ೪റѬ्ԥཽፚࡊȃყᡞϏձࡊȃߤђఁᏱ ᢏᄇࡊ֊ѠȄٸఁيഌޠ೤ۢȂС໣ഌᏱҢᇅఁ৲ޠЩپȞҢ৲Щȟ࢑ 25Ȉ 1Ȅؑ೪ΚঐަཽϏձقȂܤԞΚੳȞङ 50 ӫᏱҢȟȂѬ्ԥ 8 ӫఁ৲֊ ѠȄᄈؾҴᏱਯՅّȂ25 ӫᏱҢؑԒޠᏱຳԞΤङ 250 ࿳ѯᄍȂկΚӫఁ ৲ޠ΢ٲԚҐؑԒτङ 125 ࿳Ȃၦ఼ఁ৲ޠ΢ٲԚҐ؂մȄҼ֊ܤҢ΢኶ ຺ӼȂᏱਯᏱຳໍவ຺ӼȄЏڐ࢑ۈ໣ഌȞໍঔഌȟޠҢ৲Щ࢑ 32Ȉ1Ȃ ԚҐ؂մȄ؂եݸ࡟ӼؾҴτᏱဓϛ٘᚟ޠఁ৲ȂҢ৲Щ܂܂ାܼఁيഌ ޠ೤ۢ೩ӼȄՅҢ৲Щ຺ାϛկᄈᏱҢޠڨఁ᠍ԥড়Ȃηٻఁ৲ޠఁᏱ॓ ೊؖ२Ȅ೼η࢑࣐եఁيഌ೼ංԒٿᑗ྄௱୞τᏱຠᠧޠ঩ӱϟΚȄ

ߓ 1 ѯᢋަཽϏձ৲ݳ೾ႇࡤུቩަཽϏձقܛȞ1997-2010 Ԓȟ Ԓ࡚ ਯقӫᆏ ԚҴਣ໣Іੳր ܤҢ΢኶ 1997 ҝ৊΢НަཽᏱଲަཽ ᆌւᏱق 1997 Ԓ 9 УԚҴȄ2003 Ԓ೪ ᆉςੳІໍঔᏱςੳȄ ᏱςੳȈ100ɮ2 ΢ ᆉςੳȈ20 ΢ ໍঔᏱςੳȈ49 ΢ 1997 ҞύઢᏱଲఁཽަཽϏ ձق 1997 ԒԚҴȄ ᏱଲഌȈณ४ۢ 1997 ୾ҴᄳࠓτᏱަཽ࢈๋ ᇅަཽϏձᏱق 1997 Ԓቩ೪τᏱഌȄ1999 Ԓ ೪ീςੳȄ ᏱςੳȈ40 ΢ ീςੳȈ5 ΢ 1998 ߞᄹτᏱަཽϏձᏱق 1998 ԒԚҴȄ2002 ߞᄹᆔ౪ Ᏹଲ؂ӫ࣐ߞᄹτᏱȄ2004 Ԓ೪ᆉςੳІڎԒښӶᙜ஠ ੳȄ ᏱςੳȈ50ɮ10 ΢ ᆉςੳȈ12 ΢ 1998 ཐᔽτᏱަཽϏձᏱق 1998 ԒӒ೪ःفܛᆉςੳȄ 2000 Ԓ 8 УཐᔽᚃᏱଲᄳ΢ Н ަ ཽ Ᏹ ଲ ؂ ӫ ࣐ ཐ ᔽ τ ᏱȄ ᏱςੳȈ50 ΢ ᆉςੳȈ15 ΢ 1998 ህϧτᏱަཽϏձق ೪ᆉςੳ ᆉςੳȈ15 ΢ 1999 პࠓ᛿౪ऌ׭τᏱަཽ ϏձᏱق ঩ӫߨЎԒڌ่ᆌւقȂ2003 Ԓ؂ӫ࣐ަཽϏձᏱقȂϸС ໣ഌᇅໍঔഌܤҢȄ С໣ഌѳ׭Ȉ153 ΢ ໍঔഌѳ׭Ȉ50 ΢ 2000 ٴࢹτᏱަཽϏձᏱق 2000 Ԓ 4 У 21 СԚҴȄ2004 Ԓ೪ᆉςੳȄ ᏱςੳȈ180ɮ6 ΢ ᆉςੳȈ15 ΢ ໍঔᏱςੳȈ60 ΢ 2000 ୾ҴѯіτᏱަཽϏձ Ᏹق ަཽϏձᏱقȃःفܛᆉςੳ ௄ަཽᏱقܛᑀҴȄ ᏱςੳȈ43 ΢ ᆉςੳȈ11 ΢ ໍঔᏱςੳȈ60 ΢ 2000 ්໩ऌ׭τᏱަཽϏձ Ᏹق 2000 ԒԚҴȂϸС໣ഌᇅໍ ঔഌܤҢȄ2007 Ԓ೪ᆉςੳȄ С໣ഌѳ׭Ȉ110 ΢ ໍঔഌѳ׭Ȉ50 ΢ ᆉςੳȈ15 ΢

ߓ 1Ȟ៊ȟ Ԓ࡚ ਯقӫᆏ ԚҴਣ໣Іੳր ܤҢ΢኶ 2000 ୾Ҵࡏݎऌ׭τᏱަཽ ϏձᏱق ࠊ࣐ٙҢࣁᔗңऌᏱقަཽ ϏձಣȄ2000 ԒԚҴȂ೪ԥ С໣ഌȃໍঔഌڸӶᙜ஠ੳή ঐᏱښȄ2006 Ԓ೪ᆉςੳȄ С໣ഌѳ׭Ȉ50 ΢ ໍঔഌѳ׭Ȉ50 ΢ Ӷᙜ஠ੳѳ׭Ȉ50 ΢ ᆉςੳȈ12 ΢ 2001 ᄃ፻τᏱަཽϏձقᆉ ςੳ ঢ়৴ःفᇅڌ่ึ৥ःفܛ ܼ 2001 ԒԚҴȂί೪ڌ่ึ ৥ಣȃަཽϏձಣȃՃ΢ߴୋ ಣȃঢ়৴ᒛ୧ಣѳಣȄ2005 ԒقܛӬΚ೪ަཽϏձᆉς ੳ ᆉςੳȈ12 ΢ 2002 Ϝ୾НϾτᏱߨЎԒڌ ่ᆌւःفܛ 2002 ԒԚҴȄ Ӷᙜ஠ੳᆉςȈ20 ΢ 2002 ུ݃׭೛ᏱଲՃ΢݉ଡ଼ ٲཿᆔ౪Ᏹق 2002 Ԓ 8 У 1 СԚҴȄ ᏱςੳȈ50 ΢ 2002 ା໱ᚃᏱτᏱᚃᏱަཽ ᏱᇅަཽϏձᏱق 2002 ԒӶ՘࣐ऌᏱःفܛᆉ ςੳί೪ԥަཽϏձಣȂٯ׾ ӫᚃᏱަཽᏱᇅަཽϏձᏱ قȄ2005 ԒقܛӬΚȄ ᆉςੳȈ5 ΢Ȅ 2003 ጎԱऌ׭ᄳᆔ౪ᏱଲՃ ΢ᆌइᏱق 2003 Ԓ 8 У 1 СԚҴȄ ᏱςੳȈ50 ΢ 2006 ୾Ҵ࢈ݾτᏱަཽϏձ ःفܛ 2006 Ԓ೪ަཽ՘࢈ᇅަཽϏ ձःفܛᆉςੳȄ2009 Ԓ׾ ӫަཽϏձःفܛȄ ᆉςੳȈ15 ΢ 2006 ҅ӏऌ׭τᏱՃ΢ᆌւ ᇅٲཿᏱق 2006 Ԓ 8 У 1 СԚҴ ᏱςੳȈ101 ΢ 2006 ୾٪τᏱ࢈ݾձ᏾Ᏹଲ З౪ІަཽϏձᏱق 2000 Ԓ೪ॗٲަཽ՘࣐ऌᏱ ःفܛަཽϏձಣȄ2006 Ԓ ׾ӫЗ౪ІަཽϏձᏱقȂϸ З౪ȃަཽϏձڎಣȂ೪ަཽ ϏձᆉςੳȄ ᏱςੳȈ48ȞڎಣӬ ॏȟ ᆉςੳȈ21 ΢

ߓ 1Ȟ៊ȟ Ԓ࡚ ਯقӫᆏ ԚҴਣ໣Іੳր ܤҢ΢኶ 2007 Ϝ୾НϾτᏱަཽᆌւ Ᏹق ቩ೪ᆉςੳ ᆉςੳȈ15 ΢ 2007 ්໩ऌ׭τᏱՃ΢݉ଡ଼ ٲཿᏱق 2007 Ԓ 8 У 1 СԚҴ ѳ׭С໣ȃໍঔഌȈ 100 ΢ 2007 စ୾ᆔ౪ᄳୋஷᏱଲՃ ΢݉ଡ଼ٲཿᆔ౪Ᏹق 2007 Ԓ 8 У 1 СԚҴ ѳ׭С໣ 2 ੳȃΡ׭ȃ ѳ׭ໍঔഌ 2010 ୾Ҵݎ๽τᏱҖఋึ৥ ᇅަཽϏձᏱق ௄Җఋึ৥ᇅަཽϏձᏱโ ᑀҴԚق ᏱςੳȈ50 ΢ ၦਠٿྜȈձ޲௄өقᆪયၦਠϜᐍ౪ȂၦਠᄡЦС෉Ȉ2010/2/1

Ρȃ৲ၦ፵໕ޠᡑϾ

ٸަཽϏձ஠ཿఁيᇅଌጜޠӓ౩ዀྦȞglobal standards for the education and training of the social work professionȟȞIASSW & IFSW, 2004ȟ ಒϥ໷ԥᜱަཽϏձᏱଲȞقȟޠ৲ၦዀྦȂಒΚ෢೤ۢȂ৲ၦ҇໹ԥ٘ ஋ޠ኶໕ᇅ஠ཿޤᜌጓ൝Ȅ೼ٳ৲ၦ҇໹ಓӬ၏୾ަཽϏձ஠ཿึ৥ӵ՞ ܛ፮ϡޠӬᎍၦੀȄᅿѠ૗҇໹࢑ڏަཽϏձᆉςȂܗࣻᜱଌጜȞԄݏ၏ ୾ަཽϏձ஠ཿথ຃߄ȟȄҼ֊Ȃ୾ርα्ؒձ࣐ଌጜަཽϏձᏱҢޠ৲ ၦ҇໹ՎЎ࢑ڏަཽϏձᆉςᏱ՞ȄѬԥӶ၏୾ަཽϏձᗚґึ৥஠ཿఁ يޠࠊණίȂࣻᜱऌق౴ཿ޲Ϙೞৡ೩ᐋӉަཽϏձ৲ၦȄ ӕٸש୾ఁيഌȲτᏱਯଲቩ೪።ᐍଲقܛᏱ՞ᏱโІܤҢӫ᚟ᖃ໕ ึ৥ቸࢦձཿ्ᘉȳȞພȈ௚Ґёёяࠊ 2010 Ԓ 12 У 14 СኁЦȟޠ৲ၦ ೤ۢȂ೪ԥᆉςੳȃീςੳ޲Ȃӓਯ஠Ӊᗀ৲኶ϛூົႇ஠Ӊ৲ၦᖃ኶ϟ ήϸϟΚȄ೼ঐ೤ۢڐᄃϑ๞ΠѯᢋөτᏱഷմޠ৲ၦᏱᐤஆྦȄଷߩτ Ᏹϛ්ቩ೪ᆉȃീςੳРӪึ৥Ȃ֐ࠍөقޠ৲ၦ๗ᄻ҇໹ևΩණାژή

ϸϟΡпα࣐ീς޲ȄӱԫȂѯᢋޠަཽϏձقܛ৲ၦޠᏱᐤ൸ೞय़්ീ ςၦੀึ৥Ȅӕٸఁيഌޠ೤ۢȂ৲ၦޠᏱ՞ȃःفܗ׭೛ስ஀҇໹ପӬ ᏱҢஊيҭዀȃ஠ཿ፟โ೤დᇅقܛึ৥ҭዀȄҼ֊ȂަཽϏձ৲ၦ҇໹ Ӷ፵ᇅ໕αְಓӬ೤ۢȄ ᐄԫȂҐН௵ॏഷାᏱᐤ࣐ዀྦȂҼ֊स৲ၦ឵ീςᏱᐤȂ൸ϛ፤ڐᆉ ςᏱᐤਣޠ஠ߞȄ೼ኻޠॏᆘ঩ࠍѠ૗ཽࠄΚঐॴᓏȂ֊ԥഌϸަཽϏձ৲ ၦӶᆉςੳޠଌጜ࢑ަཽϏձܗަཽᆌւ஠ߞȂկژΠീςੳӱԟԒѯᢋަ ཽϏձʝަཽᆌւീςੳۧґ೪ҴȂܗܤҢӫ᚟ၷЎȂٻ೼ٳԟԒԥཏණЁ Ᏹᐤޠఁ৲ȂໍΤ୾ঢ়ึ৥ȞܗήҖлဏȟȃަཽᏱȃఁيᏱȃЗ౪ᒛ୧๊ ീςੳ൸᠟ȂڦூീςᏱ՞ȂӶҐНޠಜॏϜ൸ೞᘫ᜹࣐ߩަཽϏձʝަཽ ᆌւʝަཽ࢈๋஠ߞΠȄ೼ᆎپφӶ୾ঢ়ึ৥ȃήҖлဏܗ΢НަཽऌᏱീ ςϜ੬րӼȄ࣐ΠಜॏޠΚयܓȂҐНޠ৲ၦ஠ߞॏᆘ࢑௵ၷᝓੀޠዀྦȄ ࠊख़ަཽϏձᏱقȞಣȃܛȟࡩഁᘘщȂ৲ၦ࢑֐ϛဳვнȉҐНЩၷ 1997 ԒпࠊᇅпࡤѯᢋަཽϏձᏱق৲ၦޠᡑϾȄݔ࿳ቈȞ2000ȟࡿяȂژ 1998 ԒЦȂѯᢋޠ 21 ঐަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւࣻ࿌قܛఁ৲ 158 ΢ȂڐϜԥ 65%ڏീςᏱ՞Ȃ34%࣐ᆉςȄ஠ߞ឵ަཽϏձȃަཽᆌւܗަཽ࢈๋Ґऌ޲ ༊ќ 51%ȂᎸ࣐ަཽᏱȞ15%ȟȃఁيᏱȞ12%ȟȃЗ౪ᇅህᏳᏱȞ10%ȟȃঢ়৴ ःفȞ4%ȟ๊Ȟߓ 2ȟȄѠُȂ৲ၦᏱᐤЬ҂ԥࡠණЁȂ஠ߞηϛᅿ֜Ӭަཽ Ϗձ஠ཿึ৥ܛሰȄЏڐၷఐђΤܤҢ՘ӗޠᏱਯަཽϏձᏱقȂ৲ၦߩަ ཽϏձҐऌޠ௒ם؂࣐ᝓ२ȂᄈަཽϏձ஠ཿޠึ৥ழٿ྄ڐ॓८ޠኈ៫Ȅ ӕࣽࣽ 1997-2010 Ԓޠ৲ၦ๗ᄻȞߓ 3ȟ࢑֐ӱަཽϏձ஠ཿϾໍ৥Յ ׾๢ȉ஠ߞ឵ަཽϏձȃަཽᆌւܗަཽ࢈๋Ґऌ޲η༊ᆱࡼӶ 50%ȄՅ ަཽᏱ஠ߞ޲΢኶ቩђЩ౦ءԥЋτᡑ୞Ȃќ 14%ȄఁيᏱनෂ޲΢኶ء ԥቩђȂࢉЩ౦ίྥژ 6%ȄЗ౪ᇅህᏳᏱ஠ߞ޲΢኶ቩђկЩ౦ќ 9%Ȃ ί७Π 1%Ȅ஠ߞ឵ήҖлဏȃ୾ঢ়ึ৥Ȃܗ΢НަཽऌᏱ޲ቩђၷӼȂ௄

2%αЁژ 7%Ȃ΢኶௄ 3 ΢ቩђژ 21 ΢ȄڐᎸө஠ߞ޲ᡑ୞ְϛτȄҼ֊Ȃ ೼ 13 ԒٿӱަཽϏձقܛץഁቩђՅަཽϏձ৲ၦሰؒቩђΠ 150 ΢Ȅկ ٯߩഎ࢑ဓңަཽϏձȃަཽᆌւᇅަཽ࢈๋஠ߞ޲ȄҐऌ஠ߞ޲ቩђΠ 71 ΢Ȃᡘ߾ࡷ୾ϲӒ೪ޠήܛീςੳϟ፴࣐ӼȂଷΠѐᡘུဓ৲ၦޠ୾౱ ϾϟѵȂӱڐϜ஡ߗήϸϟΚяٙϜҔτᏱަཽᆌւقീςੳȂηഇ៪Π ུቩ৲ၦϜަཽᆌւ࢈๋་ӪᐩࠕȄϜҔτᏱަཽᆌւःفܛീςੳ 85-97 ᏱԒ౴ཿҢԥ 35 ՞ໍΤ୾ϲϵؾҴτᏱӉఁȂڐϜ 22 ՞ӶަཽϏձʝަ ཽᆌւᏱقӉఁȂڐᎸࠍӶՃ΢ᆌւȃ҃ڌߴيȃୋஷᆔ౪๊قܛӉఁȄ ՅަཽᏱ஠ߞ৲ၦቩђΠ 23 ӫȃ୾ঢ়ึ৥ȞήҖлဏܗϜύ΢Нަ ཽऌᏱȟ஠ߞቩђ 18 ӫȃЗ౪ᇅᒛ୧஠ߞቩђ 14 ӫၷӼȄٲᄃᜍ݃Ȃѯ ᢋަཽϏձقܛץഁ೪Ҵ࢑Ӷ৲ၦྦറϛІޠ௒ݸίึҢȄҦߩަཽϏձ ஠ߞ৲ၦٿఁᏳަཽϏձᏱҢȂڐ஠ཿᇰӤȃޤᜌȃ૗Ωȃ׭Ѿȃঘ౪ཽ я౫եᆎࡤݏȉఁ৲ᇅᏱҢѠпϛޤȄկ࢑Ȃަཽᆌւᐡᄻᇅ਱лࠔഷఽ ྀȄτ໕೼ኻޠަཽϏձ౴ཿҢໍΤᙜൠȂڐ஠ཿӵ՞ȃ൸ཿᐡཽȃϏձ ߴሬԄեȉᏱਯѠп၇ϛޤၿȄկ࢑ȂᏱҢՍϐȂտཹՍޤȄԫѵȂЩ౦ ႇାޠ୾౱৲ၦȂᄈަཽϏձःفึ৥ᇅ୾ርϾη஡ழٿѠႲ෉ޠ४ښȄ ೼ᄈණЁަཽϏձޠᏱ೛ӵ՞ᇅަཽϏձ஠ཿޠึ৥ᄃߩԥւȄ ᄈྲ୾ርစᡜȂBarretta-HermanȞ2008ȟᄈ IASSW ޠཽস୾ึяୱ ڣȂӲԞژ 28 ঐ୾ঢ়ޠ 147 ঐτᏱަཽϏձقܛȂึ౫іजࢹ୾ঢ়ԥ 83%ȃߩࢹ୾ঢ় 74%ȃٴࢹᇅЋ҂ࢸӵୣ୾ঢ় 54%ȂпІዊࢹ୾ঢ় 48%ޠ ৲ၦڏԥަཽϏձᏱ՞ȄዊࢹᇅٴࢹЋ҂ࢸ୾ঢ়ޠަཽϏձ৲ၦӬੀ౦୒ մȂԥϛЎ৲ၦनෂ࢑ަཽᏱȃަཽ࢈๋ȃఁيᏱ๊஠ߞȄᡘұȂש୾ޠ ަཽϏձ৲ၦηဤӶ୒մޠ೼ΚୣȄᗷดȂҐН஡ަཽᏱȃ୾ঢ়ึ৥Ᏹ՞ ௷ଷȂկ࢑ϑ஡ަཽ࢈๋ાΤȄ֊ٻ஡ަཽᏱȃ୾ঢ়ึ৥ְાΤȂѯᢋޠ ৲ၦӬੀ౦Ѡпႁ 71%ȂϬดմܼіजࢹᇅߩࢹ୾ঢ়Ȅ

ѯᢋѬԥ 4 ܛަཽϏձʝަཽᆌւീςੳȂؑԒஊᎵ 19 ՞ѿѢޠീς ҢȄ௄ 1992 ԒϜҔτᏱȃ1994 Ԓݎ੖τᏱȂژ 1999 Ԓᄳࠓ୾ርτᏱܛܤ ԞޠീςҢϑົႇ 150 ΢ȂڐϜϑ౴ཿ޲ߗԼ΢Ȃ΢Ϙٽ๞ഁ࡚αϬሃϛ αऐดቩђޠ৲ၦሰؒ໕ȂϑԄαख़Ȅկ࢑Ȃ೼ᆎަཽϏձܗަཽᆌւീ ςੳ౴ཿ֊Ѡ׳ژఁᙜޠᐡཽȂϑ຺ٿ຺ЎȄ঩ӱ࢑ᓎ຀ЎφϾޠٿᖞȂུ ೪ަཽϏձقܛϑႺڸȇՅߗΫᎸԒٿໍΤަཽϏձقܛӉఁޠަཽᏱȃ୾ ঢ়ึ৥ȃఁيȃЗ౪ᒛ୧ȃঢ়৴ःف๊஠ߞޠ৲ၦଷߩଞӅȂ֐ࠍංоϛѠ ૗џᙜȇަཽϏձ৲ၦ҂ְԒឮ୒մȂ्๊ژίΚݱଞӅዙՎЎ् 8-10 Ԓȇ؂եݸȂ୾ѵ੽ᏱӲ୾ޠަཽϏձʝަཽ࢈๋ീςؑԒηԥ 3-5 ΢Ȅ ୾౱ަཽϏձീςޠяၰ஡຺ٿ຺ભȂ๊ࡠޠᐡཽ࢑τᏱຠᠧࡼ៊ࢋᔇȂ ᡲ৲ၦ፵໕ְϛ٘ޠقܛഛ៊ቩဓ৲ၦȄկηϛѠ૗दાЋӼུऌീςȂ ଷߩീςੳτ໕ܤԞӶᙜҢȄԄԫΚٿȂަཽϏձീςੳ஡Ԛ࣐ަཽᆌւᐡ ᜱȞᄻȟӶᙜ΢সޠᏱ՞ໍ໧ޠଌጜܛȂ೼࢑֐ԥႃЇ೪Ҵߒ଀Ȃঅூѳঐ ԥീςੳޠقܛ౐ࡧȄӤਣȂαख़௒םηႲ֚ΠѯᢋަཽϏձقܛ৲ၦӱ ೼ංԒޠτᏱຠᠧܛ୉ޠ׾๢ȂӶ܂ࡤޠΡȃήΫԒϲᡑ୞ൾ࡚ԥ४ΠȄ ߓ 2 ަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւᏱق৲ၦ஠ߞϸոȞпഷାᏱᐤ஠ߞॏȟȞ1951-1998 Ԓȟ ஠ߞ Ᏹ ਯ ަཽ Ϗձ ަཽ ᆌւ ަཽ ࢈๋ ަཽ Ᏹ ఁي Ᏹ З౪ Ᏹ ህᏳ ᒛ୧ စᔽ Ᏹ ࢈ݾ Ᏹ ঢ়৴ ःف ήҖ лဏ ڐу Ӭॏ ѯτ 10 (1.00) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 (1.0) ࢈τ 3 (1.00) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1.0)

ߓ 2Ȟ៊ȟ ஠ߞ Ᏹ ਯ ަཽ Ϗձ ަཽ ᆌւ ަཽ ࢈๋ ަཽ Ᏹ ఁي Ᏹ З౪ Ᏹ ህᏳ ᒛ୧ စᔽ Ᏹ ࢈ݾ Ᏹ ঢ়৴ ःف ήҖ лဏ ڐу Ӭॏ ϜҔ 3 (0.25) 6 (0.50) 0 0 0 2 (0.16) 1 (0.08) 0 0 0 12 (1.0) ໩݃ 1 (0.50) 1 (0.50) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1.0) ᄳࠓ 7 (0.78) 0 2 (0.22) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 (1.0) ৲τ 1 (0.16) 1 (0.16) 4 (0.66) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 (1.0) ࢈᏾ 3 (0.38) 1 (0.13) 0 0 1 (0.13) 0 3 (0.38) 0 0 0 8 (1.0) ࡏऌτ 1 (0.13) 1 (0.13) 2 (0.25) 0 0 0 0 1 (0.13) 0 3 (0.38) 8 (1.0) ݎ੖ 8 (0.66) 2 (0.17) 0 0 1 (0.08) 0 0 0 0 1 (0.08) 12 (1.0) ህϧ 7 (0.64) 1 (0.09) 0 0 1 (0.09) 0 0 1 (0.09) 1 (0.09) 0 11 (1.0) ݎ֕ 13 (0.86) 0 0 1 (0.07) 1 (0.07) 0 0 0 0 0 15 (1.0) ᓘۤ 3 (0.16) 3 (0.16) 6 (0.32) 3 (0.16) 4 (0.21) 0 0 0 0 0 19 (1.0) НϾ 1 (0.17) 0 3 (0.50) 0 0 0 0 2 (0.33) 0 0 6 (1.0) НϾ Ȟۈȟ 1 (1.00) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1.0) ᄃ፻ 3 (0.30) 2 (0.20) 2 (0.20) 0 1 (0.10) 0 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.10) 10 (1.0) ߞᄹ 3 (1.00) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (1.0)

ߓ 2Ȟ៊ȟ ஠ߞ Ᏹ ਯ ަཽ Ϗձ ަཽ ᆌւ ަཽ ࢈๋ ަཽ Ᏹ ఁي Ᏹ З౪ Ᏹ ህᏳ ᒛ୧ စᔽ Ᏹ ࢈ݾ Ᏹ ঢ়৴ ःف ήҖ лဏ ڐу Ӭॏ ཐᔽ 1 (0.50) 1 (0.50) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1.0) ҝ৊ 3 (0.75) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.25) 4 (1.0) ࠓઢ 2 (0.50) 1 (0.25) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.25) 4 (1.0) Ϝःଲ 2 (1.00) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (1.0) Ӭॏ 82 (0.52) 21 (0.13) 19 (0.12) 4 (0.03) 11 (0.07) 2 (0.01) 4 (0.03) 7 (0.05) 3 (0.02) 7 (0.05) 160 (1.0) ၦਠٿྜȈݔ࿳ቈȞ2000ȟ ߓ 3 ަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւᏱق৲ၦ஠ߞϸո

˕

пഷାᏱᐤ஠ߞॏȞ2010 Ԓȟ ஠ߞ Ᏹ ਯ ަཽ Ϗձ ަཽ ᆌւ ަཽ ࢈๋ ަཽ Ᏹ ఁي Ᏹ З౪ ʝህ Ᏻ ᒛ୧ ϵӔ ፐҢ ʝ ᚃᏱ စᔽ Ᏹ ࢈ݾ Ᏹʝ ϵӔ ՘࢈ ঢ়৴ ःف Ȟ΢ ᜹ึ ৥ȟ ήҖ лဏ Ȟ୾ ঢ়ึ ৥ȟ ڐу Ӭॏ ѯτ 13 (0.87) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.07) 1 (0.07) 0 15 (1.0) ࢈τ 4 (1.00) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1.0) ѯіτ 7 (0.54) 2 (0.15) 0 1 (0.08) 0 0 0 1 (0.08) 2 (0.15) 0 13 (1.0)

ߓ 3Ȟ៊ȟ ஠ߞ Ᏹ ਯ ަཽ Ϗձ ަཽ ᆌւ ަཽ ࢈๋ ަཽ Ᏹ ఁي Ᏹ З౪ ʝህ Ᏻ ᒛ୧ ϵӔ ፐҢ ʝ ᚃᏱ စᔽ Ᏹ ࢈ݾ Ᏹʝ ϵӔ ՘࢈ ঢ়৴ ःف Ȟ΢ ᜹ึ ৥ȟ ήҖ лဏ Ȟ୾ ঢ়ึ ৥ȟ ڐу Ӭॏ ϜҔ 5 (0.36) 6 (0.43) 0 0 0 2 (0.14) 1 (0.07) 0 0 0 14 (1.0) ໩݃ 2 (0.36) 0 0 0 4 (0.67) 0 0 0 0 0 6 (1.0) ᄳࠓ 10 (0.71) 1 (0.07) 0 1 (0.07) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (0.14) 14 (1.0) ѯ৲τ 4 (1.0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1.0) ୾٪ Ȟ࢈ ᏾ȟ 3 (0.38) 2 (0.25) 0 1 (0.13) 0 0 0 0 2 (0.25) 0 8 (1.0) ࡏऌτ 3 (0.30) 1 (0.10) 3 (0.30) 1 (0.10) 0 0 0 1 (0.10) 0 1 (0.10) 10 (1.0) ݎ੖ 11 (0.73) 1 (0.07) 0 2 (0.13) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.07) 15 (1.0) ህϧ 6 (0.60) 1 (0.10) 0 0 O 0 0 1 (0.10) 1 (0.10) 1 (0.10) 10 (1.0) ݎ֕ 9 (0.53) 0 0 4 (0.24) 0 0 0 0 2 (0.12) 2 (0.12) 17 (1.0) ାᚃτ 3 (0.33) 1 (0.12) 1 (0,12) 0 2 (0.25) 0 0 0 1 (0.12) 1 (0.12) 9 (1.0) ᓘۤ 7 (0.44) 2 (0.13) 2 (0.13) 5 (0.31) 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 (1.0) НϾ 7 (0.67) 1 (0.09) 1 (0.09) 0 0 0 0 1 (0.09) 0 1 (0.09) 11 (1.0)

ߓ 3Ȟ៊ȟ ஠ߞ Ᏹ ਯ ަཽ Ϗձ ަཽ ᆌւ ަཽ ࢈๋ ަཽ Ᏹ ఁي Ᏹ З౪ ʝህ Ᏻ ᒛ୧ ϵӔ ፐҢ ʝ ᚃᏱ စᔽ Ᏹ ࢈ݾ Ᏹʝ ϵӔ ՘࢈ ঢ়৴ ःف Ȟ΢ ᜹ึ ৥ȟ ήҖ лဏ Ȟ୾ ঢ়ึ ৥ȟ ڐу Ӭॏ ᄃ፻ 6 (0.43) 4 (0.31) 1 (0.07) 1 (0.07) 0 0 0 1 (0.07) 0 1 (0.07) 14 (1.0) ߞᄹ 7 (0.58) 2 (0.17) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.08) 1 0.08) 1 (0.08) 12 (1.0) ཐᔽ 7 (0.88) 1 (0.13) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 (1.0) ҝ৊ 3 (0.20) 7 (0.47) 1 (0.07) 1 (0.07) 0 0 0 0 2 (0.13) 1 (0.07) 15 (1.0) ٴࢹ 7 (0.47) 4 (0.27) 2 (0.13) 2 (0.13) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 (1.0) Ϝύ ᚃτ 4 (0.29) 5 (0.38) 0 0 0 0 1 (0.07) 0 2 (0.14) 2 (0.14) 14 (1.0) ්໩ ऌτ 7 (0.47) 1 (0.07) 1 (0.07) 4 (0.27) 0 0 1 (0.07) 0 0 1 (0.07) 15 (1.0) პࠓ ऌτ 5 (0.28) 1 (0.05) 4 (0.22) 0 1 (0.06) 0 2 (0.11) 0 4 (0.22) 1 (0.05) 18 (1.0) τϧ ऌτ 4 (0.4) 0 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 0 0 0 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 0 10 (1.0) जڸ Ᏹଲ 3 (0.23) 0 2 (0.15) 5 (0.38) 0 0 0 0 0 3 (0.23) 13 (1.0) ݎ๽ 3 (0.75) 1 (0.25) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 (1.0) Ӭॏ 153 (0.50) 44 (0.14) 19 (0.06) 29 (0.09) 7 (0.02) 2 (0.01) 5 (0.02) 8 (0.03) 21 (0.07) 19 (0.06) 307 (1.00) ၦਠٿྜȈձ޲Ս՘ᐍ౪

ήȃਰЗ፟โ೪ॏ

1970 ԒхѯᢋޠަཽϏձ஠ཿఁي໡ۗٗӪ஠ཿϾȂ࿌ਣޠ፟โஆྦ ٸ 1971 Ԓϲ࢈ഌᇅఁيഌѣ໡ޠȶަཽϏձఁᏱःଇཽȷ؛ឋȂަཽϏձ قȞಣȟ҇ঔ஠ཿऌҭєࢃަཽϏձ྆፤ȃ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძȃަཽঐ ਱ϏձȃަཽყᡞϏձȃަୣಣᙒᇅަୣึ৥ȃަཽᆌւ՘࢈ȃަཽ࢈๋ ᇅަཽҴݳȃަཽಜॏȃަཽȞϏձȟःفݳȃަཽϏձᄃಭ๊ 10 ऌȂ ೼࢑Ҿྲज୾ 1969 ԒȶަཽϏձఁيېসཽȷȞThe Council on Social Work EducationȟܛႶॐޠ፟โዀྦȄࡤٿȂఁيഌٸԫॐۢөਯަཽϏձᏱق Ȟಣȟޠ஠ཿ҇ঔ፟โȄޣژ 1990 Ԓхఁيഌ၍࿲ȂഌႶ҇ঔ፟โ׾௳᠍ өਯՍॐȂτഌϸᏱਯϬดп 1970 Ԓх፟โஆྦ࣐ٸᐄȂѬ෶ЎᏱϸՅϛ ෶ЎऌҭȄկ࢑Ȃུ೪Ᏹਯ൸ԥ፟โె༅ޠၭຬȄپԄȂԥٳᏱਯґ೤ۢ ҇ঔ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძȃަୣಣᙒᇅަୣึ৥ȃަཽᆌւ՘࢈ȃަཽ࢈ ๋ᇅަཽҴݳȄ੬ր࢑пަཽᆌւܗߨЎԒڌ่ᆌւ࣐ӫޠقܛȂഀަཽ Ϗձ྆፤എϛӗΤ҇ঔȂՎܼަཽϏձРݳ፟โη࢑ႮႮဤဤȄՅ೼ٳᏱ ਯ౴ཿҢഎԥѠ૗Ԛ࣐ަཽϏձ޲Ȃڐ஠ཿࠣ፵ц΢ᛅᅹȞݔ࿳ቈȂ2000ȟȄ 1997 ԒަཽϏձ৲ݳ೾ႇϟࡤȂٸȶ஠ߟᙜཿІ׭೛΢সା๊Մၑަ ཽϏձ৲Մၑ೤ࠍȷಒ 7 ఩೤ۢȂަཽϏձ৲஠׭ାՄ஠ཿऌҭєࢃȈަ ཽϏձȃ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძȃަཽϏձޣ௦݉ଡ଼ȃަཽϏձःفРݳȃ ަཽϏձᆔ౪ȃަཽ࢈๋ᇅަཽҴݳ๊ 6 ऌȄ೼ٳऌҭഎܱପӬτᏱഌ҇ ঔ፟೤დȂڐϜޣ௦݉ଡ଼єࢃަཽঐ਱ϏձȃަཽყᡞϏձȃަୣಣᙒᇅ ަୣึ৥ήऌȄՅЩၷৡܿЖକᇳ၍ޠ࢑ަཽϏձᆔ౪Ȃ࿌ਣ೤დՄ೼Κ ऌՅϛՄަཽᆌւ՘࢈Ȃ࢑ӱަཽϏձᄃଡ଼ࣩхߓᇰ࣐ԄݏަཽϏձ৲η Մަཽᆌւ՘࢈Ȃ൸ᇅަཽ՘࢈ାՄءԥୣႥȂӱԫл஼ϛՄަཽᆌւ՘ ࢈ȃަཽ࢈๋ᇅҴݳȂՅ஡ޣ௦݉ଡ଼ϸ࣐ήऌȄկ࢑ȂϛՄަཽᆌւ՘࢈ȃ

ަཽ࢈๋ᇅҴݳޠл஼ٯґ૗ᕖூτӼ኶ᏱਯхߓޠМࡼȄစ࿌ਣᐋӉѣ ໲΢ޠҐНձ޲ڟ።ࡤ஡ަཽᆌւ՘࢈׾࣐ަཽϏձᆔ౪ȂᕖூτӼ኶ᇅ ཽхߓޠМࡼȄᐄԫ७մ༉ಜᄈަཽᆌւ՘࢈๊Ӥܼަཽᆌւ݉ଡ଼ޠᇳ ၍ Ȃ Յ Ӳ ᘫ ަ ཽ ՘ ࢈ Ȟ ܗ ަ ཽ Ϗ ձ ՘ ࢈ ȟ ޠ ऽ Н Social Ȟ Work ȟ AdministrationȂណ࣐ަཽϏձᆔ౪ȂԄӤ୾ϲ஡ Business Administration ណ࣐Ӎཿᆔ౪ΚૢȄ࿌ਣȂٯณཏ्ѫ഻Κߟ҇ঔ፟ȂᏱҢѬ्ঔႇަཽ ᆌւ՘࢈֊ѠᔗၑȄϛ፤ԄեȂަཽϏձ৲ՄၑޠጃึදΠՄၑስᏳఁᏱ ޠձңȄϛկަཽϏձᆔ౪ೞτഌϸᏱਯӗ࣐҇ঔ፟ϟѵȂ঩ӒΚٳґ૗ ஡ࠊख़ஆҐ 10 ऌӗ࣐҇ঔ፟ޠᏱਯηીીঔ׾ڐ҇ঔ፟೪ॏȄ ҦܼөਯަཽϏձقܛӫᆏϛΚȂӶпقܛӫᆏձ࣐୳ΚᇰۢަཽϏ ձ஠ཿޠ঩ࠍ҇໹ԥپѵȄܼ࢑Ȃٸȶ஠ߟᙜཿІ׭೛΢সା๊Մၑަཽ Ϗձ৲Մၑ೤ࠍȷಒϥ఩೤ۢᔗၑၦੀȂδϵҴܗҴ਱ϟؾҴ஠ऌпαᏱ ਯܗစఁيഌܜᇰϟ୾ѵ஠ऌпαᏱਯࣻ࿌ऌȃقȃಣȃܛ౴ཿȂስԥ౴ ཿᜍਫȂ෇ঔಭίӗऌҭᏱऌՎЎ 7 ऌȂӬॏ 20 ᏱϸпαȂؑᏱऌՎӼ௵ ॏ 3 ᏱϸȂڐϜ໹єࢃަཽϏձȞᆌւȟᄃಭܗᄃӵϏձȂԥᜍ݃Нӈ޲ ֊ѠൣՄަཽϏձ৲஠׭ՄၑȈ ȞΚȟަཽϏձȞ྆፤ȟܗަཽϏձȞᆌւȟ౪፤ ȞΡȟ΢᜹՘࣐Ȟึ৥ȟᇅަཽᕘძ Ȟήȟަཽঐ਱Ϗձ ȞѳȟަཽყᡞϏձ ȞϥȟަୣಣᙒᇅȞަୣȟึ৥ܗަୣϏձ ȞϳȟަཽȞϏձȟःفРݳܗަཽІ՘࣐ःفݳܗަཽ።ࢦᇅःف ȞΝȟަཽᆌւ྆፤ܗަཽᆌւ೾፤ ȞΥȟަཽᆌւ՘࢈ȞᇅҴݳȟܗަཽϏձᆔ౪ ȞΟȟަཽ࢈๋ᇅȞަཽȟҴݳ

ȞΫȟަཽϏձȞᆌւȟᄃಭܗᄃӵϏձ ȞΫΚȟަཽϏձРݳܗᖞטަཽϏձܗᚃᕜަཽϏձ ȞΫΡȟା๊ަཽϏձܗା๊ަཽঐ਱Ϗձܗା๊ަཽყᡞϏձܗ ା๊ަཽަୣϏձܗໍ໧ަཽϏձܗໍ໧ަཽঐ਱Ϗձܗ ໍ໧ަཽყᡞϏձܗໍ໧ަཽަୣϏձ ȞΫήȟަཽϏձ࿝Ᏻ ȞΫѳȟߩᕋւಣᙒȞစᕋȟᆔ౪ܗަཽ݉ଡ଼ᐡᄻȞ՘࢈ȟᆔ౪ܗР ਱೤დᇅຠզ ȞΫϥȟަཽ࢈๋ϸݚܗЩၷަཽ࢈๋ ȞΫϳȟঢ়৴࢈๋ܗঢ়৴Ȟᆌւȟ݉ଡ଼ܗঢ়৴ަཽϏձ ȞΫΝȟަཽᆌւȞ݉ଡ଼ȟܗڌ่ᆌւȞ݉ଡ଼ȟܗߨЎԒᆌւȞ݉ଡ଼ȟ ܗՃ΢ᆌւȞ݉ଡ଼ȟܗٙЗሬᛥ޲ᆌւȞ݉ଡ଼ȟܗஐυᆌւ Ȟ݉ଡ଼ȟ๊Ȅ ೼ٳऌҭޠ೤ۢ࢑࣐Πᅗ٘ΚٳߩަཽϏձقȞಣȃܛȟޠ౴ཿҢȂ կέ෇ঔಭഌϸަཽϏձ፟โȂԥעԚ࣐ަཽϏձ޲ȂηԥᐡཽൣՄަཽ Ϗձ৲ȄՅ 20 Ᏹϸޠ೤ۢ࢑ٸөτᏱህقޠഷմᏱϸߟᘥȄ٦έ࣐ե೪Π 17 ߟȞಣȟ፟โȉ࢑஡ࠊख़ 10 ߟ҇ঔ፟ᇅ࿌ਣ೼ٳߩަཽϏձقȞಣȃ ܛȟࢌԥޠ፟โᐍ౪ՅԥȄҼ֊Ȃ࿌ਣޠൣՄၦੀ೪ۢ࢑ପӬ୾ঢ়Մၑޠ ᆡઢ˕ȶൣՄ௄ቷȃᓄڦ௄ᝓȷՅٿȂпռদჵ୾ҖޠՄၑ᠍ȄดՅȂ ೼ኻޠ೪ॏηԚΠ࢛ٳᏱਯ໡೪ަཽϏձ 20 ᏱϸੳޠݳྜȂᝓ२ᇳ၍ަཽ Ϗձ৲ՄၑၦੀܺቷޠᐤѭनෂȄ Ӷ 20 Ᏹϸੳޠ໡೪ԥጼ۾ޠᗎ༗ίȂަཽϏձࣩ඾ႈᇰ࣐ 20 Ᏹϸ೤ ۢႇܼቷᚭȂᝓ२ື׼ަཽϏձ஠ཿȄկ࢑्೏౪قܛӫᆏϛΚޠϏโᄃ Ӷਫ਼τȄڐᄃѬ्૗्ؒܛԥަཽϏձࣻᜱقȞಣȃܛȟഎ૗пȶަཽϏ ձȷ࣐ӫȂйٸ೤ۢ஡ࠊख़ 10 ߟ፟ӗ࣐҇ঔȂ਴Ґณ໹Ԅԫഭྯ೤ጓ፟

โӫᆏᇅᏱϸȄՅ፟โ೪ॏѠпഇႇτᏱຠᠧђпዀྦϾ֊ѠȄดՅȂق ӫөਯՍॐȂԥڐᐤѭєປȂу΢ᜳпᐃ୞ȄپԄȂНϾτᏱ 1973 ೪Ҵ ڌ่ᆌւᏱقȂ1974 ׾ӫڌ่ߨЎԒᏱقȂ1975 ԒӕܿӫߨЎԒڌ่ᆌ ւᏱقȂ1998 Ԓ׾࣐ϭӫަཽᆌւᏱقȄقӫ኶ᡑȂ൸࢑ϛཽདྷ्׾࣐ަ ཽϏձᏱقȄ ѫΚঐپφ࢑ڨژНϾτᏱߨЎԒڌ่ᆌւᏱقኈ៫ޠᓘۤτᏱߨ ЎԒڌ่ᆌւᏱقȂ1986 ԒقлӉߚעᝊ௄НϾτᏱߨЎԒڌ่ᆌւᏱق ೞࡸِٿ഻೪೼ঐུقȂҦܼߚעᝊീς஠ߞ࢑҃ڌఁيȂ࣐ಓӬߨЎԒ ᆌւܛሰȂ၏ق൸я౫৲ၦಣԚ࢑҃ڌఁيᇅߴيȃަཽϏձʝަཽᆌ ւȂІڐуަཽऌᏱनෂ޲ήಣ΢଼Ȅᓎ຀ਣхᡑ᎑Ȃ࣐Π׾قӫଇ፤Π ΫංԒȂಥܼӶ 2009 Ԓ׃ڟԚ࣐ϭӫȶަཽϏձᇅڌ่ЎԒᆌւᏱقȷȂ Ѡُ׾ӫᄈ࢛ٳقܛٿᇴޠጃϛৡܿȄϛႇȂηԥٳق׾ӫ࡟ୂ૓ȂԄპ ࠓ᛿౪ऌ׭τᏱܼ 1999 ԒਣڨНϾȃᓘۤޠኈ៫Ȃ೪ߨЎԒڌ่ᆌւᏱ قȂࣽژዂҾᄈຬഎ׾ӫΠȂຼᗚءԥ౴ཿҢ൸Ҵ֊ܼ 2003 Ԓ׾ӫަཽ ϏձᏱقȄ࢈ݾτᏱަཽϏձःفܛέ࢑ѫΚঐپφȂ2006 Ԓ഻ܛਣ࣐Π ഻ུ੬ՔՅӫ࣐ަཽ՘࢈ᇅަཽϏձःفܛȂη࢑ึ౫ܛӫആԚ৲Ңޠ֩ ᘚȂՅܼ 2009 Ԓ׾ӫ࣐ަཽϏձःفܛȄ ࢌดقܛ؂ӫᄈ࢛ٳقܛٿᇴϛৡܿȂέ࣐Π൝ஈަཽϏձ৲ޠᔗၑ ၦੀᅔࢿȂܼ࢑൸ԥঔҔȶ஠ߟᙜཿІ׭೛΢সା๊ՄၑަཽϏձ৲Մၑ ೤ࠍȷಒϥ఩ϟឋȄུঔҔޠՄၑၦੀ஡ܼϜ๽Җ୾ 102 Ԓ 1 У 1 СକҢ ਞȂަཽϏձ৲Մၑၦੀ஡׾࣐Ȉ ಒΚ᜹ȈϵҴܗҴ਱ϟؾҴ஠ऌпαᏱਯܗစఁيഌܜᇰϟ୾ѵ஠ ऌпαᏱਯަཽϏձࣻ࿌ऌȃقȃಣȃܛȃᏱ՞Ᏹโ౴ཿȂ෇ঔಭަཽϏ ձȞᆌւȟᄃಭܗᄃӵϏձȂስԥ౴ཿᜍਫ޲ȄܛᆏަཽϏձࣻ࿌ऌȃ قȃಣȃܛȃᏱ՞Ᏹโ߾ࡿ໡೪ϟ҇ঔ፟โєࢃίӗ 5 ስ஀ө፟โȂؑΚ

ᏱऌՎӼ௵ॏ 3 ᏱϸȂӬॏ 15 Ᏹऌ 45 ᏱϸпαȂйစՄᒶഌቸឋ೾ႇٯ ϵ֚޲Ȉ ȞΚȟަཽϏձ྆፤ስ஀፟โ 2 ᏱऌȈєࢃ 1.ަཽϏձ྆፤Ȅ2.ަཽ ᆌւ྆፤ܗަཽϏձঘ౪Ȅ ȞΡȟަཽϏձޣ௦݉ଡ଼Рݳስ஀፟โ 3 ᏱऌȈєࢃ 1. ަཽঐ਱ϏձȄ 2. ަཽყᡞϏձȄ 3. ަୣϏձܗަୣಣᙒᇅȞަୣȟึ৥Ȅ Ȟήȟ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძስ஀፟โ 4 ᏱऌȈєࢃ 1. ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძȄ 2. ަཽᏱȄ 3. З౪ᏱȄ 4.ަཽЗ౪ᏱȄ Ȟѳȟަཽ࢈๋Ҵݳᇅ՘࢈ᆔ౪ስ஀፟โ 4 ᏱऌȈєࢃ 1. ަཽ࢈๋ᇅަཽҴݳȄ 2. ަཽᆌւ՘࢈Ȅ 3. Р਱೪ॏᇅຠզȄ 4. ަཽϏձᆔ౪ܗߩᕋւಣᙒᆔ౪Ȅ ȞϥȟަཽϏձःفݳስ஀፟โ 2 ᏱऌȈєࢃ 1. ަཽϏձःفݳܗަཽःفݳȄ 2. ަཽಜॏȄ ಒΡ᜹ȈϵҴܗҴ਱ϟؾҴ஠ऌпαᏱਯܗစఁيഌܜᇰϟ୾ѵ஠ऌ пαᏱਯަཽϏձࣻᜱऌȃقȃಣȃܛȃᏱ՞Ᏹโ౴ཿȂ෇ঔಭަཽϏձ ȞᆌւȟᄃಭܗᄃӵϏձȂስԥ౴ཿᜍਫȂйڐঔಭϟ፟โಓӬࠊ෢೤ۢ ϟ 5 ስ஀፟โȂԥᜍ݃Нӈ޲Ȅ

ᙠޠ೤ۢࠍ஡ӶϜ๽Җ୾ 105 Ԓ 12 У 31 СဤСȄѠпႲُޠ࢑Ȃ௄ ԫпࡤȂѯᢋޠަཽϏձ஠ཿఁي؂ᗎܼዀྦϾȂ೼ґლϛ࢑ԂٲȄུޠ ೤ۢᗷ஡ᔗၑၦੀϸ࣐ڎ᜹Ȉࣻ࿌ऌقȃࣻᜱऌقȄڐᄃ࢑ΚᆎዀྦȂ൸ ࢑ঔᅗαख़ 5 ስ஀Ȃ15 ᏱऌȂ45 Ᏹϸпα޲Ȅུޠᔗၑၦੀ೤ۢޠጃ࢛ ᆎโ࡚ႁژ׾ًႇџᔗၑၦੀႇܼቷᚭޠᄓ੿Ȅկ࢑Ȃ೼ٳऌҭංоཽᡑ Ԛөقޠ҇ঔ፟ȂٻூՄၑስᏳަཽϏձ஠ཿఁيޠᄙ༗؂ђ݃ᡘȄԄݏ ೼ٳऌҭҐٙณ࿄౹Ȃڐࡤᒹ઀Ѡ૗ၷϊȄկ࢑ȂҦܼ࣐Πෲ٘ 15 ঐऌ ҭȂय҇໹Ӷࣻ࿌قܛޠ፟โϜџᇕᛴȂѬ्ަཽϏձࣻ࿌قܛႇљ኶໡ ௳ޠ҇ঔȃᒶঔȂ൸ഡࡏϜᒶԚ࣐өق҇໹ၮໍ҇໡፟โȄ ڐϜԥං೏ލឋȄॷӒ࢑ަཽᆌւ྆፤ᇅަཽϏձঘ౪ܺΚಣȂܓ፵ ϛΚȂ྄ϛᄈᆏȄԄݏަཽϏձঘ౪࢑٦ቅ२्Ȃ࣐եϛޣ௦ॐ࣐Κऌȉ ҭࠊτഌϸަཽϏձࣻ࿌قܛϑ໡௳ަཽᆌւ྆፤Ȃ۪ਣަཽϏձঘ౪ཽ ಯറΚੀȂࣦ࣐Ѡ௕ȄڐԪȂР਱೪ॏᇅຠզȃަཽϏձᆔ౪ܗߩᕋւಣᙒ ᆔ౪೼ήߟ፟ηԥᅹဏȂР਱೪ॏ࢑ަཽϏձᆔ౪ޠΚᕘȂ࢑τሹєϊሹȄ ՅၗԄϟࠊණІޠަཽϏձᆔ౪਴Ґ࢑ަཽᆌւ՘࢈ޠ෈ٙȂԄԫΚٿȂ೼ ήߟ፟ϲৡτഌϸႫӤȂԄեୣႥ࡟࢑֩ᜳȄӕђαȂпҭࠊөقޠ৲ၦ ΢኶೾ளѬཽԥΚȃΡ՞ఁ৲Ѡп໡௳೼ήߟ፟ȂࣦՎӶ࢛ٳ৲ၦၷЎޠ قȂ೼ήߟ፟҇ด࢑ҦӤΚ՞Ճ৲ఁȂ൸؂࣐ᜳ೼՞Ճ৲ΠȄಒήȂөق ࣐ΠᗘռᏱҢ౴ཿϛಓᔗၑၦੀȂτഌϸقܛୂ૓஡೼ 15 ߟ፟ॐ࣐҇ঔ ፟Ȅ҇ঔ፟೤຺ۢӼ҇ดኈ៫ᏱҢᒶ፟ޠՍҦȄႃЇϟࠊఁيഌᄈөਯ҇ঔ ፟ΚӕᚭဈޠᆡઢȂ൸࢑ϛᡲөਯ஡҇ঔ፟ᏱϸۢЋӼȂпռԥߴៗఁ৲Ϗ ձ᠍ՅៃࣙᏱҢڨఁ᠍ϟ༽ȇԫѵȂᄈܼϛདྷൣՄަཽϏձ৲ޠᏱҢٿᇴȂ η࢑߮Ҝڐڨఁ᠍Ȅ࿌ดԥ΢ཽ៞ᇴȂໍΤަཽϏձࣻ࿌ऌقϛ൸ᔗ၏п ᔗၑަཽϏձ৲࣐ᙜעȉٲᄃϛดȂпѯᢋ࿌ࠊޠτᏱΤᏱښ࡚ٿࣽȂໍΤ ަཽϏձᏱقޠᏱҢٯߩ΢΢ዤோަཽϏձ࣐եޑȉηϛُூᕤ၍Սϐޠ

ᑺ፹ᇅҢీ೤დȂե҇஽΢ܛᜳȄЇՅȂԄեࡧՄᡲަཽϏձࣻ࿌قܛᆉ ςੳޠःفҢѠпττРРӵпᆉςၦੀᔗՄަཽϏձ৲؂অூτΩލڦȄ

ѳȃ஠ߞ፟โዂಣ೤დ

ΫԒࠊȂݔ࿳ቈ๊΢Ȟ1999ȟޠःفึ౫ȂτഌϸަཽϏձقτᏱഌ ፟โٯณ஠ߞϸಣȞconcentrationȟѬԥЎഌϸަཽϏձᏱقӶτᏱഌఁ يႇโϜϑ्ؒᏱҢᒶᐆ஠ߟРݳܗስ஀Ȃձ࣐ґٿ஠ཿึ৥ޠஆᙄȄ௄ ߓ 4 ϜѠпࣽяංܛؾҴՃทަཽϏձᏱقȂԄݎ੖ȃݎ֕ȃህϧְԥ஠ ߟስ஀፟โϸಣޠ೪ॏȄݎ੖ᇅህϧޠަཽϏձᏱقְ஡፟โϸ࣐ޣ௦݉ ଡ଼ᇅ໣௦݉ଡ଼ڎಣȄݎ֕τᏱަཽϏձᏱقࠍ࢑пᄃࢋስ஀ٿୣϸȂ஡Ᏹ Ңᒶᐆ஠ߞϸ࣐ঢ়৴ަཽϏձȃᚃᕜᇅፐҢȃަཽᆌւήಣȄเఐϘ೪Ҵ ޠᄳࠓτᏱަཽ࢈๋ᇅަཽϏձᏱقȂ፟โϸಣЇ࢏ڐقӫȄᓘۤτᏱߨ ЎԒڌ่ᆌւᏱق஡஠ߟስ஀፟โϸ࣐ڌ่ᆌւȃߨЎԒᆌւȃަཽᆌւ ๊ήಣȂΚР८֜Ӭڐقܛ೪ҴޠۡԠȂѫР८έϛூϛӪҀൠ׃ڟȂՅ ஡ڐу΢πထޠᆌւηાΤఁيϜȄ Վܼᆉςੳ፟โȂτഌӌᏱਯഎԥϸಣȂйηݽ᠜ޣ௦݉ଡ଼ᇅ໣௦݉ ଡ଼ޠᄃࢋРݳϸಣȞُߓ 5ȟȄѠُȂ࿌ਣަཽϏձᆉςଌጜϑೞ௦ڨ࣐Κ ᆎ҇໹ᒶᐆРݳ஠ߟϾޠଌጜȂःفҢ҇໹ӶΡȃήԒޠଌጜϜȂᒶᐆл ঔޠᄃࢋРݳȄ ೼ኻޠᗎ༗ӶΫԒࡤึҢΠٳ೩ޠᡑϾȄӶߓ 6 ϜȂԥѳԚȞ10 ঐȟ ᏱਯτᏱഌ፟โ೪ԥዂಣȂйዂಣ፟โϑစϛӕٻңޣ௦݉ଡ଼ȃ໣௦݉ଡ଼ ๊ 1970 ԒхпٿަཽϏձРݳᐍӬޠ྆܉ȂՅ׾пᄃࢋስ஀ϸಣȄ10 ঐ ԥ፟โዂಣޠقܛԥ 8 ঐпڌ่ᇅঢ়৴࣐஠ߟስ஀ȂڐԪ࢑ަཽϏձ՘࢈ ܗᆔ౪Ȃಒή࢑ୋஷྲ៬ȄՎܼᆉςੳޠ፟โዂಣϾޠᗎ༗ٯءԥ؂඾

ߓ 4 ަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւᏱقᏱς፟โ஠ߟስ஀፟โϸಣȞ1999 Ԓȟ Ᏹਯ ፟โϸಣ ѯτ ณ ࢈τ ณ Ϝᑺ ϜҔ ᄳࠓ ৲τ ࢈᏾ ࡏऌτ ݎ੖ ህϧ ݎ֕ ାᚃ ᓘۤ НϾ НϾ Ȟۈȟ ᄃ፻ ߞᄹ ҝ৊ ࠓઢ ณ ณ (1)ަཽ࢈๋ȇ(2)ަཽϏձ ณ ณ ณ (1)ޣ௦݉ଡ଼ȇ(2)໣௦݉ଡ଼ (1)ޣ௦݉ଡ଼ȇ(2)໣௦݉ଡ଼ (1)ঢ়৴ަཽϏձȇ(2)ᚃᕜᇅፐҢȇ(3)ަཽᆌւ ณ (1)ڌ่ᆌւȇ(2)ߨЎԒᆌւȇ(3)ަཽᆌւ ณ ณ ณ ณ ณ ณ ၦਠٿྜȈݔ࿳ቈ๊΢Ȟ1999ȟ ႈȄѬԥ 9 ܛᆉςੳ፟โዂಣϾȞُߓ 7ȟȄѯτȃᓘۤпᄃࢋРݳϸಣȂ ڐᎸࠍпᄃࢋስ஀ϸಣȄԥ 4 ਯાΤަཽϏձᆔ౪Ȃ3 ਯ஡ڌ่ᇅঢ়৴ӗΤȄ ԥ஡፟โዂಣϾޠقܛȂଷΠѯіτᏱϟѵȂڐᎸᏱਯτᏱഌᇅᆉς ੳ፟โዂಣְϛࣻӤȄпԥ४ޠ৲ၦ्ึ৥τᏱഌȃᆉςੳϛӤޠ஠ߞዂ ಣ፟โȂڐᄃ࢑ࣻ࿌ٛशޠȂЏڐഌϸᏱਯڎঐቺ઼्ึ৥ 5 ঐ፟โዂಣȂ

ߓ 5 ަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւᏱقȞܛȟᆉςੳ஠ߟስ஀፟โϸಣȞ1999 Ԓȟ Ᏹਯ ፟โϸಣ ѯτ ࢈τ Ϝᑺ ϜҔ ᄳࠓ ݎ੖ ህϧ (1)ަཽϏձޣ௦݉ଡ଼ȇ(2)ަཽ՘࢈ᆔ౪ȇ(3)ަཽᆌւ࢈๋ ณ ณ (1)ަཽ࢈๋ȇ(2)ަཽϏձ (1)ޣ௦݉ଡ଼ȇ(2)໣௦݉ଡ଼ (1)ޣ௦݉ଡ଼ȇ(2)໣௦݉ଡ଼ (1)ᖞטРݳȇ(2)໣௦Рݳ ݎ֕ ᓘۤ НϾ ཐᔽ ณ ณ ณ ၦਠٿྜȈݔ࿳ቈ๊΢Ȟ1999ȟ Ԅݎ֕Ȃ4 ঐ፟โዂಣԄࡏऌτȃ්໩Ȃڐ֩ᜳโ࡚؂ାȄՅཐᔽτᏱഌ ൸ԥ 4 ঐዂಣ፟โȂп 8 ՞ఁ৲्እକ 4 ঐዂಣ፟โȂདྷ҇֩ᜳ२२Ȅ ٲᄃαȂөਯӶึ৥஠ߞ፟โዂಣਣٯґ׈ӓஉ՘ϸಣഷմᏱϸ೤ ۢȂѬԥЎ኶Ᏹਯ೤ۢ҇໹ঔ׈Κಣ 20 Ᏹϸۗூڦூ၏ಣ஠ߞᜍ݃ȂԄ პࠓऌ׭τᏱȄҼ֊ȂҭࠊѯᢋөτᏱަཽϏձقܛᄃࢋ஠ߞ፟โϸಣٯ ϛᄖۼȂڐ४ښӶܼ৲ၦޠ፵ᇅ໕ְϛ٘Ȃй឵ᆉςੳܤҢ΢኶Ґ൸ϛ ӼȂέԥഷմᏱҢঔ፟΢኶ޠ४ښȂԄτᏱഌ 15 ΢Ȃᆉςੳ 5 ΢Ȃٻ஠ ߞ፟โϸಣึ৥ϛܿȄ ดՅȂᓎ຀ש୾ަཽϏձ৲ݳঔҔȂަཽϏձϑ௄঩ٿޠΚ઼ښȂᙾ ᡑ࣐ڎ઼ښȄҼ֊ቩђΠ஠ᆡȞऌȟަཽϏձ৲ޠቺ઼Ȅኸйϛ፤஠ᆡަ ཽϏձ৲ޠᅸቸႇโԄեȂٸϲ࢈ഌޠ೤დȂӒпίӗ 5 ঐ஠ߞስ஀ձ࣐ ஠ᆡަཽϏձ৲ޠԪስ஀Ȉ

ߓ 6 ަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւᏱقᏱς፟โ஠ߟስ஀፟โϸಣȞ2010 Ԓȟ Ᏹਯ ፟โዂಣ ѯτ ѯіτᏱ ϜҔ ณ (1)ڌ่ᇅঢ়৴ȃ(2)ୋஷᇅྲ៬ȃ(3)࢈๋ᇅ՘࢈ ณ ᄳࠓ ৲τ ୾٪ ࡏݎऌτ ݎ੖ (2)ަཽ࢈๋ᇅ՘࢈ȃ(2)ަཽϏձ ณ ณ (1)ަཽ՘࢈ᇅᆔ౪ȃ(2)ঢ়৴ᇅަୣަཽϏձȃ(3)ٙሬȃՃ΢ᇅߞ෉ ྲ៬ (1)ڌ่ঢ়৴கࡆަཽϏձȃ(2)ަཽϏձᆔ౪ ህϧ ݎ֕ ାᚃ ᓘۤ НϾ ᄃ፻ ߞᄹ ཐᔽ ҝ৊ Ϝύᚃτ ٴࢹ ѯࠓઢᏱଲ პࠓ᛿౪ ්໩ऌ׭ τϧऌ׭ जڸ׭೛ ณ (1)ঢ়৴ަཽϏձȃ(2)ᚃᕜᇅЗ౪ፐҢȃ(3)ަཽ࢈๋ᇅަཽϏձᆔ౪ ณ (1)ڌЎᆌւ݉ଡ଼ȃ(2)ަୣ݉ଡ଼ٲཿȃ(3)ѨݳަཽϏձ ณ ณ ณ (1)ڌЎᇅঢ়৴ަϏȃ(2)ӼϰНϾᇅ୾ርఀනȃ(3)ୋஷྲ៬ȃ(4)ᆌ ւ՘࢈ᇅᆔ౪ ณ ณ ณ ณ (1)ڌЎᇅঢ়৴ަϏȃ(2)ୋஷᇅЗ᡺ྲៗަϏȃ(3)ަཽᆌւᇅᆔ౪ (1)ڌЎᇅঢ়৴ަϏȃ(2)ަཽྲ៬݉ଡ଼ (1)ஐ҃ᇅঢ়৴ަཽϏձȃ(2)ୋஷྲ៬ȃ(3)ަཽᆌւ՘࢈ ณ ၦਠٿྜȈձ޲Ս՘ᐍ౪

ߓ 7 ަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւᏱقȞܛȟᆉςੳ஠ߟስ஀፟โϸಣȞ2010 Ԓȟ Ᏹਯ ፟โዂಣ ѯτ ࢈τ ৲τ ѯіτᏱ ϜҔ ໩݃ ᄳࠓ (1)ަཽϏձޣ௦݉ଡ଼ȇ(2)ᆌւ࢈๋ᇅ՘࢈ᆔ౪ ณ ঢ়৴ᇅަཽϏձ (1)ڌ่ᇅঢ়৴ȃ(2)ୋஷᇅྲ៬ȃ(3)࢈๋ᇅ՘࢈ ณ ณ (1)ঢ়৴ኹΩ٪ݾȃ(2)ަཽϏձᆔ౪ ୾٪ ࡏݎऌτ ݎ੖ ህϧ ݎ֕ ᓘۤ НϾ ߞᄹ ཐᔽ ҝ৊ ᄃ፻ ାᚃ Ϝύᚃτ ٴࢹ ්໩ ѯࠓઢᏱଲ ณ (1)ަཽϏձᆔ౪ȃ(2)Ӽϰఋထ ณ ณ (1)ަཽᆌւᇅަཽϏձᆔ౪ȃ(2)ঢ়৴ަཽϏձȃ(3)ӼϰНϾᇅަ ཽϏձ (1)ޣ௦݉ଡ଼ȃ(2)໣௦Рݳ ณ ณ ณ ณ (1)Ճ΢ᆌւȃ(2)ڌ่ᇅߨЎԒ ณ ณ ณ (1)৶༗ঢ়৴݉ଡ଼ȃ(2)ߩᕋւಣᙒᆔ౪ ณ ၦਠٿྜȈձ޲Ս՘ᐍ౪ ȞΚȟᚃଡ଼ަཽϏձȂ ȞΡȟЗ౪ፐҢަཽϏձȂ

Ȟήȟڌ่ȃЎԒȃஐυІঢ়৴ަཽϏձȂ ȞѳȟՃ΢ަཽϏձȂ ȞϥȟٙЗሬᛥަཽϏձȄ Ѡ࢑Ȃ௄өقܛޠ፟โ೪ॏϜᄃࣽϛяԥӱᔗԫΚึ৥ᗎ༗ޠྦറȄ ڿดࣽژഌϸقܛпڌ่ᇅঢ়৴ձ࣐л्஠ߞ፟โዂಣȂկ࢑ȂτӼѬӶ τᏱഌቺ઼Ȅᆉςੳቺ઼ޠ፟โ೤დծоϬด࡟ዂጚȄަཽϏձఁيӶτ Ᏹഌଌጜ௵ᆤᒋϾ঩ࠍԥڐ൸ཿҀൠޠ्҇Ȃկᆉςੳ௵஠ߞስ஀ϸಣȂ ҇ด࢑ίΚݱޠᗎ༗Ȅ

୥ȃ࿌ࠊѯᢋަཽϏձఁيޠ֩ძ

Κȃ৲ၦ፵໕Ϭϛ٘

௄ߓήၦਠᡘұש୾ަཽϏձقܛޠ৲ၦȂӶ፵ᇅ໕αְԥ׾๢ޠޫ ໣Ȅस௵௄ᝓᇰۢȂԥංঐقܛޠ৲ၦ឵ܼަཽϏձʝަཽ࢈๋ʝަཽᆌ ւޠЩ౦ґႁљ኶пαȂഎ឵ᔗ׾ໍ޲ȂԄϜҔȃ໩݃ȃ୾٪ȃࡏऌτȃ ାᚃτȃᓘۤȃᄃ፻ȃҝ৊ȃٴࢹȃϜύᚃτȃპࠓȃ්໩ȃτϧȃजڸ ๊ȄڐϜ឵ᔗҴ֊׾๢޲Ȟ஠ཿ৲ၦЩ౦ґႁ 40%ȟԥϜҔȃ໩݃ȃ୾٪ȃ ࡏऌτȃାᚃτȃҝ৊ȃϜύᚃτȃპࠓȃजڸ๊Ȅ Վܼ৲ၦ໕ޠୱᚡȂᗷดఁيഌԥҢ৲Щޠ೤ۢȂկ࢑ᗚ࢑ԥ࡟Ӽق ܛҢ৲Щ୒ାȄ੬ր࢑τ໕ܤҢޠقܛȄٸ೤ۢᑀҴܛՎЎᔗԥ 5 ӫఁ৲Ȃ ࢈τȃ৲τഎુΚ΢ȂҔӶኊϘϜȄ໩݃ᗷดԥ 6 ӫ৲ၦȂկަཽᆌւ஠ ߞ৲ၦϛႇљȂηҔӶᑗ྄ኊϘϜȄ༊ܤԞτᏱഌ൑ੳޠقȂՎЎᔗԥ 8 ӫఁ৲ȂଷߩܤҢস᚟ϛᅗϘৡ೩༊ဓ 7 ӫ৲ၦȄसܤԞڎੳޠقӶ٘᚟

ܤҢί൸ᔗ၏्ԥ 16 ӫఁ৲Ȃٸԫ᜹௱Ȅٸԫዀྦٿᔯࢦ٦ٳܤҢڎੳ пαޠަཽϏձقȂංоءԥΚঐӬੀȄპࠓȃτϧȃजڸഎۧુ৲ၦȂ йુ᚟ϛѬΚ΢Ȅ ᆉςੳҢ৲Щђ᠍኶ॹ 2Ȃീςੳࠍॹ 3ȄҼ֊Ȃؑ 12.5 ՞ᆉςҢ൸ ्ђΚ՞ఁ৲Ȃؑ 8 ՞ീςҢ൸्ӕђΚӫఁ৲ȄඊԫॏᆘȂτᏱഌܤԞ ΚੳȂй೪ԥᆉςੳޠقܛՎЎᔗԥ 10 ӫఁ৲Ȅ୾٪Ȟ࢈᏾ȟ឵೼Κ᜹Ȃ ৲ၦϛ٘ȇାᚃτȃϜύᚃτᗷᇅަཽᏱӤقȂկϑϸಣȂӱԫຝӤԫ᜹Ȃ ަཽϏձ৲ၦηϛ٘ȇѯࠓઢᏱଲᗷ࢑ఁཽᏱਯȂկࢌϑђΤަཽϏձ஠ ཿަထȂަཽϏձ৲ၦηϛ஋Ȅ ঒सτᏱഌܤԞڎੳȂέ೪ԥᆉςੳޠقܛȂՎЎ҇໹ဓԥఁ৲ 18 ΢ȂԄӕђαᆉςੳᏱҢᅘ੽Ᏹਯϛ౴ཿȂࠍ৲ၦ໕ޠሰؒ஡؂ӼȄࣽٿ ୾ϲ೪ԥᆉςੳйτᏱഌέܤԞڎੳޠقܛȂԄݎ֕ȃᓘۤȃНϾȃᄃ፻ȃ ҝ৊ȃٴࢹȃࡏऌτȃ්໩ءԥΚঐᏱਯಓӬዀྦȄѯіτᏱᗷดτᏱഌ ѬܤԞΚੳȂկໍঔഌηܤΚੳȂӱԫȂ౫ԥ 13 ӫ৲ၦηᗚϛ஋Ȅ ՎܼȂ೪ԥീςੳޠقܛȂݎ੖τᏱ৲ၦ 15 ӫϬᝓ२ϛ٘ȄᄳࠓτᏱ ᇅϜҔτᏱഎ࢑ 14 ӫȂۧુ 1-2 ӫȄུ೪قޠݎ๽τᏱ҇໹ђᆨရؐ၅٘ަ ཽϏձ৲ၦȄ ᗷดԥٳقܛпဓ፝ 4 ӫচӉఁ৲׸ܱΚӫ஠Ӊఁ৲Рԓٿኸਣ၍؛ Ң৲ЩႇାޠୱᚡȄচӉఁ৲ԥ၅قܛ஠ߞስ஀ϛ٘ޠᓻᘉȂկ࢑ȂႇӼ ޠচӉఁ৲ηཽആԚᏱҢᏱಭޠ४ښȄӱԫȂఁيഌ೤ۢпচӉఁ৲׸ᆘ ஠Ӊఁ৲኶ϛூົႇᄃር஠Ӊ৲ၦ኶ޠήϸϟΚȄ٦࣐ե୾ϲަཽϏձق ܛຠᠧϑစႇΠΚᎉȂөقܛϬดુн৲ၦںȉڐᄃ࢑ӱΚਣϟ໣Ȃ्ө قܛҴ֊၅٘ܛુ৲ၦȂ҇ดആԚᕁऒщ኶ޠ௒םȄӱԫȂ൸৲ၦ೼Κ໷Ȃ ፵ޠ्ؒ൸ᓻӒܼ໕ޠ၅٘Ȅၑདྷဓ፝ӕӼޠߩަཽϏձ஠ߞޠ৲ၦᄈަ ཽϏձᏱҢޠֆઊཽԥӼτȉ

Ρȃ፟โӵშϛ׈ᐍ

өਯ࣐ӱᔗτᏱຠᠧȂഎϑ஡፟โ೤დᛳᇨԚ፟โӵშȞcurriculum mappingȟȂҼ֊Κ৉ᙐ൑կڏقಜܓȃቺԪདޠშᄻٿڟֆఁ৲ఁᏱᇅᏱ ҢᏱಭȄقܛᐄԫ೤დ፟โȂఁ৲ᐄԫึ৥፟โȂᏱҢᐄԫ೤დᏱಭၰ৸Ȅ ءԥ፟โӵშȂᄈقܛՅّȂบԄءԥ૟੖შޠಹКȂӶτ੖Ϝឞಌȇᄈ Ճ৲ՅّȂ൸өՍٸ஠ߞȃᑺ፹ȃЗ௒໡፟ȂԥϨቅਠตϨቅ຋ȇᄈᏱҢ ՅّȂѬԂԥϨቅ፟൸ঔϨቅ፟ΠȄկ࢑Ȃᄈ݉ଡ଼ᄈຬٿᇴȂࠔϛ૗ԥϨ ቅަϏ൸ூژϨቅ݉ଡ଼ȄަཽϏձ޲्ପӬ݉ଡ଼ᄈຬޠሰؒȂՅϛ࢑݉ଡ଼ ᄈຬ्ପӬަཽϏձ޲ޠ૗ΩȄӱԫȂަཽϏձقܛᔗ၏пަཽစᔽึ৥ ᗎ༗ᇅ݉ଡ଼ᄈຬޠሰؒձ࣐೤დ፟โޠٸᐄȂՅϛ࢑пقܛࢌԥ৲ၦ૗Ω ձ࣐೤დ፟โޠ਴ᐄȄ Յ፟โӵშޠഷα՞࢑ަཽሰؒϸݚȂєࢃަཽᡑ᎑ᗎ༗ȃަཽᆌւ Ȟٲཿȟึ৥ᗎ༗ȃަཽϏձ஠ཿึ৥ᗎ༗ȃ൸ཿҀൠ΢Ωሰ๊ؒȄ൸ަ ཽϏձ஠ཿّȂ೼ΚቺԪၦਠৰ౵ϛτȄڐԪȂϘ࢑قܛఁيҭዀȂҼ֊ قܛԚҴޠҭޠȞۡԠȟեӶȉԄݏ࢑ަཽϏձᏱقܛȂ೪قҭዀڐᄃη ৰ౵ϛτȂଷߩᏱਯ឵ܓȃӵ౪ᕘძȃఋထޠ੬ੇܓ๊ȂԄା໱ᚃᏱτᏱȃ ϜύᚃᏱτᏱȃ৲ጓτᏱȃݎ๽τᏱ๊ԥڐᑀ੬ޠᏱਯᐍᡞึ৥ሰؒȄԫ ѵȂ೪قޠᐤѭनෂηѠ૗ኈ៫೪قҭዀȂԄϜҔτᏱަཽᆌւᏱقȃᄳ ࠓ୾ርτᏱަཽ࢈๋ᇅަཽϏձᏱقȃНϾτᏱަཽᆌւᏱقȃᓘۤτᏱ ަཽϏձᇅڌ่ЎԒᆌւᏱقȃᄃ፻τᏱަཽϏձᏱق๊ޠ೪قҭዀᇅڐ уަཽϏձقܛཽԥٳৰ౵Ȅ ௦ίٿ࢑्ஊيڏեᆎ૗ΩޠަཽϏձ޲ȉ൸ਗ਼ІަཽϏձ޲ޠஆҐ ȞਰЗȟ૗ΩࡿዀȄ૗ΩȞcompetenciesȟ࢑ज୾ަཽϏձঘ౪ޠϳঐਰ ЗቌঅϟΚȄަཽϏձ޲҇໹ڏറ्҇ޠ׭ѾȞskillsȟᇅ૗ΩȞabilitiesȟȂ

пւԥਞӵᇅ਱лΚକϏձȞKirst-Ashman, 2007ȟȄܛᒞަཽϏձ૗Ω࢑ ࡿȶԥ૗Ωᙾඳ׭Ѿᇅޤᜌژུޠ௒ძȂєࢃಣᙒᇅ೤დϏձȃ഻ུᇅᔗ рߩپ՘ޠࣁ୞ȂпІ΢ٲޠਞ૗ȄȷȞEvans, 1997ȟсಡӵϸݚȂՎЎ ᔗєࢃпί 10 ᆎȞBaer, 1979; Zastrow, 1995ȟȈ ȞΚȟࣩۢᇅຠզ௒ძȄ ȞΡȟึ৥ᇅஉ՘ॏฬȄ Ȟήȟ஽Ͼ΢Җ၍؛ୱᚡȃ׫ᒌᇅึ৥ޠ૗໕Ȅ Ȟѳȟഀ๗΢ᇅڐၦྜȃ݉ଡ଼ᇅᐡཽᡞقȄ Ȟϥȟԥਞӵໍ՘ϮΤȄ Ȟϳȟߵໍ݉ଡ଼ȃၦྜᇅᐡཽقಜޠԥਞй΢ၿޠၽձȄ ȞΝȟᑗ྄୥ᇅу΢ӔӤߵໍ݉ଡ଼ȃၦྜᇅᐡཽᡞقޠ഻ུȃঔҔᇅ ׾ໍȄ ȞΥȟຠᠧϮΤޠਞݏȄ ȞΟȟຠᠧঐ΢஠ཿԚߞᇅึ৥Ȅ ȞΫȟଔᝧޤᜌпණЁ݉ଡ଼ᒰଛޠዀྦȄ ೼ 10 ᆎަཽϏձ૗Ωࡿዀ࢑Щၷڻ۾׈ᐍޠȂη֜ӬަཽϏձ஠ཿ ޠሰؒȂєࢃᙾඳޤᜌژᄃଡ଼ȃϮΤॏฬᇅஉ՘ȃණЁ݉ଡ଼ਞ૗๊ήঐ८ ӪȄᒹᏻޠ࢑୾ϲөަཽϏձقܛٯґึ৥яၷ׈ᐍޠަཽϏձᏱҢޠஆ Ґ૗ΩࡿዀȂпयԥٳᏱਯױᙐൣᇨձഎ࿌Ԛ࢑ᏱҢޠަཽϏձஆҐ૗ ΩȂڐᄃ٦࢑׭ѾՅϛ࢑૗Ωȇηԥٳقܛױѵᇮ૗Ω࿌Ԛ࢑ަཽϏձᏱ ҢޠஆҐ૗ΩȂη࢑ϛᄈޠȂѵᇮ࢑τᏱҢঐ΢ޠஆᙄޤᜌȄ ަཽϏձஆҐ૗Ω೪ۢࡤȂ௦຀Ϙ೤დقܛ፟โȄٸҭࠊѯᢋା๊ఁ يޠ፟โ೤ۢȂܛԥᏱҢഎ्ঔಭਯȃଲӔӤ҇ঔ፟โȞஆᙄ፟โȟᇅ೾ ᜌ፟โङ 30 ᏱϸȄ഼ίٿޠ࢑قܛޠ஠ཿ҇ঔ፟โᇅᒶঔ፟โȄقܛޠ ஠ཿ҇ঔ፟โᇅ஠ཿᒶঔ፟โ൸ᔗ၏єࢃ٘пӲᔗަཽሰؒȃᅗ٘قܛఁ

يҭዀȂпІަཽϏձ૗Ωࡿዀޠܛԥ፟โȄկ࢑Ȃҭࠊ೩Ӽقܛޠ፟โ ӵშ܂܂࢑஡ࢌԥ፟โђпಣӬȂӕϸրџਰᄈ೼ٳ፟โ឵ܼ঻Κঐ૗Ω ࡿዀȄԄԫΚٿ൸ѷџ፟โӵშقಜϾȃቺԪདޠཏဏȄЏڐ࿌ુнࠊख़ ޠަཽሰؒϸݚȃ૗Ωࡿዀ೪ۢϟίȂ፟โ೤დ൸࡟ᜳڻ۾Ȅ ՎܼȂऌ׭τᏱޠަཽϏձᏱقޠ፟โӵშ࢑֐ѠпӱڐᏱҢٿՍା ᙜՅԥܛৰ౵ȄڐᄃȂܛԥަཽϏձقܛഎ࢑চڏ౪፤ᇅᄃଡ଼ڦӪޠȂϛ ཽӱ࣐ϛ࢑ऌ׭τᏱ൸ءԥᄃձϟ्҇ȇйτഌϸަཽϏձᏱҢޠҢీ೤ დ࢑ೞ୆೪஡Ԛ࣐ަཽϏձ޲ȇӕђαڐґٿ݉ଡ଼ᄈຬϛཽӱ࣐яٙΚૢ τᏱᇅऌ׭τᏱϟրՅԥܛϛӤȂϛӤӶܼܛᒶᐆ஠ߞስ஀ȄӱԫȂϛᔗ Ӷ૗Ωࡿዀα೪ۢԥܛৰ౵ȂηϛᔗӶ፟โӵშ೤დαԥܛϛӤȄՅ࢑҇ ໹ՄኍᏱҢޠષ፵ৰ౵Յ௵ڦϛӤޠఁᏱРݳᇅႇโȄ

ήȃਰЗ፟โထಣϾϛ׈ᐍ

ႇџש୾ޠަཽϏձ҇ঔ፟โΚޣݽ᠜ 1971 ԒޠȶަཽϏձఁᏱः ଇཽȷ؛ឋȂަཽϏձقȞಣȟ҇ঔ஠ཿऌҭєࢃ 10 ऌȂϑԄࠊख़Ȅ֊ ٻژΠ 1999 ԒȂݔ࿳ቈ๊΢Ȟ1999ȟޠःفึ౫ଷΠϜҔτᏱަཽᆌւ ᏱقϟѵȂڐᎸөਯְԥࣻӤޠ҇ঔ፟โ 10 ᆎȈ ȞΚȟަཽऌᏱȞєࢃݳᏱȃަཽᏱȃЗ౪Ᏹȃ࢈ݾᏱȃစᔽᏱ๊Ӊ ήऌпαȟ ȞΡȟަཽϏձ྆፤ Ȟήȟ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძ Ȟѳȟަཽঐ਱Ϗձ ȞϥȟަཽყᡞϏձ Ȟϳȟަୣಣᙒᇅަୣึ৥

ȞΝȟަཽȞϏձȟःفݳᇅަཽಜॏ ȞΥȟަཽᆌւ՘࢈ ȞΟȟަཽ࢈๋ᇅҴݳ ȞΫȟަཽϏձᄃಭ ଷԫϟѵȂഌϸᏱਯӕѵђ࢛ٳ҇ঔ፟ȂԄަཽᆌւᏳ፤ȃР਱೤დ ᇅຠզȃަཽୱᚡȃཽፚ׭Ѿȃᒛ୧౪፤ȃყᡞ୞ΩᏱȃަཽϏձ౪፤๊Ȅ ೼ٳਰЗ፟โЩၷ჌өᆎ൑ᑀ፟โޠಣӬȂՅϛ࢑ထಣ፟โȄज୾ަ ཽϏձ፟โӶ 1970 Ԓх֊ϑထಣϾΠȄ௄ 1970 ԒхߒޠήঐਰЗ፟โ ಣȂঔҔژ 1980 Ԓхޠ 5 ঐထಣȂ2001 ԒϑᘘቩԚ࣐ 8 ঐထಣȞWagner, Newcomb & Weiler, 2001ȟȄ

ȞΚȟቌঅᇅঘ౪

ȞΡȟӼኻܓȞdiversityȟ

Ȟήȟ೏Ӷॴᓏίޠ΢πထȞpopulation- at- riskȟᇅަཽစᔽҔဏ Ȟѳȟ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძ Ȟϥȟަཽᆌւ࢈๋ᇅ݉ଡ଼ ȞϳȟަཽϏձᄃࢋРݳ ȞΝȟःف ȞΥȟᄃಭఁي Щၷࠊख़ש୾ུޠަཽϏձ৲Մၑၦੀ೤ۢޠ 5 ስ஀፟โȂڐϜަཽ Ϗձ྆፤ϛ࢑ထಣ፟โȂಒΡՎϥಣ፟โϘ࢑ထಣ፟โȄйؑΚထಣϲో ಣԚϛΚयȄ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძȃަཽϏձРݳȃःفРݳЩၷ჌ထಣ ፟โȇަཽ࢈๋ᇅҴݳထಣ࢑፟โٯӗȂԄࠊܛख़Ȃϛӕᙶख़ȄՅשউޠ ஆᙄ፟โထಣЎΠቌঅᇅঘ౪ȃ΢᜹Ӽኻܓȃ೏Ӷॴᓏίޠ΢πထᇅަཽ စᔽҔဏ๊ȄᡘดȂѯᢋޠަཽϏձࣩሰ्ึ৥яΚ৉ಓӬަཽሰؒȃᏱ Ң૗ΩޠਰЗ፟โထಣȂпւөਯᐄԫ໡ึՍϐޠ҇ȃᒶঔ፟โዂಣȄ

ѳȃ፟โቺԪϛ݃

ҭࠊөτᏱ೪ҴަཽϏձᏱقޠᏱਯϜȂѬ഼ίპࠓ᛿౪ऌ׭τᏱȃτ ϧऌ׭τᏱȃजڸ׭೛Ᏹଲȃݎ๽τᏱ๊ѳਯءԥᆉςੳϟѵȂڐᎸөਯְ Ӥਣ೪ԥᆉςੳȂйԥѳਯ೪ԥീςੳȄ፟โ๗ᄻޠѫΚঐୱᚡ࢑ቺԪϛ݃Ȅ پԄȂτഌϸقܛᆉςੳ፟โϜϛӕԥ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძȄկ࢑ȂϬԥق ܛӶᆉςੳ໡௳΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަϏᄃଡ଼Ȃ೼्ԄեᇅτᏱഌ፟โୣႥܗሡ௦ȉ έپԄȂᆉςੳޠঢ়৴ኹΩ஠ᚡᇅτᏱഌޠঢ়৴ኹΩ౪፤ᇅᄃଡ଼፟โȃᆉς ੳޠঐ਱ᆔ౪ःفᇅτᏱഌޠަཽϏձঐ਱ᆔ౪ȃᆉςੳޠР਱೤დᇅຠ զᇅτᏱഌޠР਱೪ॏᇅຠզ๊๊፟โ्Ԅեୣϸȉ᜹ծޠ௒םϛാݜᖟȄ ԫѵȂԥٳقܛ໡௳ U Ԇᓟ፟โȂҼ֊τᏱഌାԒ઼ᇅᆉςੳᏱҢְ Ѡঔಭޠ፟โȂԄݏ೼࢑࡟੬ੇޠ፟โȂτᏱഌᇅᆉςੳᏱҢְϛ٘пಣ ԚΚੳα፟ȂܗτഌϸᏱҢᄈԫΚ፟โְϛዤோȂϛሰॏၷڐஆᙄޤᜌӼ ᄁȂܗ೩໡௳ԫᆎ፟โԥڐ्҇ȄԄݏ࢑ᆉςੳᏱҢ࡟Ӽ΢དྷঔಭȂ൸ϛ ၏໡ܺ๞τᏱഌᏱҢᒶঔȂଷߩ࢑၏ٳᏱҢϑᅸၑαᆉςੳȂ֐ࠍ҇ด७ մ፟โ౐࡚Ȃп᎑൸τੳᇅτᏱഌᏱҢޠโ࡚ȄԄݏ፟โѬᎍӬτᏱഌᏱ ҢঔಭȂՅЎഌϸःفҢԥᑺ፹Ȃᔗ၏໡ܺਡ᠚֊ѠȂϛۤڎᜟଇԂȂៃ ࣙ፟โࠣ፵ȂആԚᆉςੳଌጜτᏱഌϾȄ ѫΚঐ፟โቺԪϛ݃ޠୱᚡя౫Ӷᆉςੳᇅീςੳϟ໣Ȅөീςੳְ ԥ೪ۢ҇ঔΚۢЩ౦ޠ D Ԇᓟ፟โȂ೾ள࢑ήϸϟΡпαȄկ࢑ȂҦܼ৲ ၦޠ४ښȂ୾ϲᆉȃീςੳޠ፟โԥႇାЩ౦Κକα፟Ȃ࡟ᜳୣϸቺԪȂ ആԚീςੳଌጜᆉςϾȄՅ೼ٳീςੳ౴ཿҢ൸࢑ࠊख़ޠ୾ϲ৲ၦȄ Shek et al.Ȟ2007ȟϸݚѯᢋ 1999-2006 ޠ 634 ҐަཽϏձᆉς፤Нᇅ 31 Ґീς፤Нึ౫Ȃീς፤НःفРݳп፵Ͼःفޠќ 67%ȂЩᆉς፤Н ޠ 54%ାȂηЩ࿆ڑീς፤Нޠљ኶ٻң፵ϾःفРݳାя೩ӼȄՅѯᢋ

ޠീς፤Нॳ኶Ѭԥᆉς፤Нޠ 1.4 ॼȂ୥ՄਫҭѬԥᆉς፤Нޠ 2 ॼȂڎ ޲ޠРݳ፤ॳ኶҂ְѬԥ 12-14 ॳȂՅٻңऽНޠ୥ՄНᝧഎϛ஋ӼȄЩକ ࿆ڑޠःفȂѯᢋޠަཽϏձീς፤НӶॳ኶ȃРݳ፤ॳ኶ȃ୥ՄНᝧഎ ϛԄ΢Ȅ೼ڐᄃ࢑ঐឍଊȂѯᢋޠަཽϏձീς౴ཿҢโ࡚ԥࡠђ஽Ȅࢌ ดീς፟โᆉςϾȂീς፤НቹձηᆉςϾȂ൸ϛ࣐٘ۊΠȄ ѫΚঐ፟โቺԪޠୱᚡя౫ӶᆉςੳᏱҢႇାЩ౦࢑ҦӤਯτᏱഌ ЁαٿޠȄԄݏ፟โቺԪϛ݃Ȃ೼ٳӤਯޠᏱҢ࡟ৡܿя౫ᏱಭॿࡨȄӱ ࣐Ћዤோఁ৲ޠఁᏱಭܓΠȂԄݏϛᙥҦ፟โቺԪϾٿ७մᏱҢޠՍᅗȂ ೼ٳᏱҢཽӱߗኃ෣ઢਞᔗȂՅՍп࣐૗Ωϑ٘஋ӱᔗґٿܛሰȂڐᄃ࢑ ӱ࣐௦ដᓝᖆՅዤோᕘძȂᏳयϛི२ᏱಭȄ

နȃѯᢋަཽϏձఁيޠึ৥

Κȃ၅஽৲ၦ

စᐤΠಒΚᎉϥԒޠަཽϏձقܛຠᠧȂԥτϧऌ׭τᏱȃᄃ፻τ ᏱȃНϾτᏱȃҝ৊τᏱ๊ංঐقܛೞӗ࣐ࡠᢏᄇȄ௄ຠᠧൣ֚Ϝึ౫Ȃ ഷл्ޠୱᚡяӶ৲ၦᇅ፟โȄԄҐНܛॏᆘяٿޠȂ௄ᝓੀዀྦٿࣽȂ τഌϸقܛޠ৲ၦ໕എϛ٘Ȃ৲ၦޠ፵ηԥࡠ׾ໍȄᐄשܛޤȂӶຠᠧႇ โϜȂٯءԥ௵ڦᝓੀޠ৲ၦዀྦȂՅ࢑пؑΚఁ৲ӉΚቺ઼ޠᏱ՞࢑ަ ཽϏձȂ൸ᇰ࣐ۢڏަཽϏձ஠ߞ৲ၦȄՅ၏قܛ৲ၦґႁ 50%឵ަཽϏ ձ஠ߞ޲ȂϘཽೞӗ࣐࢑ᝓ२࿄౹ȄԄݏ৲ၦ໕έϛ٘Ȃೞӗ࣐ࡠᢏᄇޠ ᐡཽ൸؂τΠȄґٿᓎ຀ᐍᡞަཽϏձقܛޠึ৥ȂпІѵഌᕘძޠᝰ ލȂަཽϏձقܛτ྆࡟ᜳӕпմዀྦٿຠᠧȄٸࠊख़ޠӓ౩ዀྦٿࣽȂ ѯᢋ࢑ԥ्҇ණЁഷାᏱ՞࢑ަཽϏձޠ৲ၦЩ౦Ȅ

ᡘด၅஽৲ၦ࢑ѯᢋަཽϏձقܛϛ૗ӕܵ۾ޠϏโȄ၅஽ަཽϏձ Ґऌ৲ၦޠԂ೏ϛѬ࢑Ӷܼᡞ౫ަཽϏձ஠ཿఁيޠໍؐȂᇅᏱҢఁيࠣ፵ ޠණЁȂη஡ழ๞өقܛަཽϏձឋᚡःفထಣя౫ޠᐡཽቩђȂᄈقܛः فяޏ҇ԥֆઊȄҭࠊԥٳقܛ஡৲ၦಣԚឋᚡःفထȂดՅԄݏԇӶႇ ାЩ౦ޠߩަཽϏձ৲ၦȂ൸࡟ᜳึញަཽϏձѠःفȃࡠःفޠឋᚡȂ ӱ࣐٦ϛ࢑уউޠ஠ߞܛӶȄЇϟȂԄݏަཽϏձ৲ၦࢉؐՍࡍȂϛ୥ᇅڐ уަཽऌᏱޠःفȂηϛ࢑ҔጃޠٗӪȄަཽϏձःفᏱ೛ӵ՞ϛାȂڐٿ ԥՍȂ࢑ӓ౩ܓޠȞGreen, 2006ȟȂߩѯᢋᑀԥȄկ࢑ȂӶ஠ཿఁيϸϏϬ ϛ݃ޠᏱ೛ᕘძίȂѯᢋޠަཽϏձःف҇໹ђॼևΩȂϘ૗ණЁᏱ೛ӵ՞Ȅ قܛस᝸៊ԇӶ຀Ѭ्ަཽऌᏱࣻᜱስ஀ȂԄަཽᏱȃఁيȃᒛ୧ȃ ঢ়৴ݾᕜ൸๊ӤܼަཽϏձ஠ߞȂܗՍᆏڏֆ΢ዦၗ൸Ѡпఁ௳ަཽϏձ ஠ཿ፟โȂґٿݨ्ۢೞަཽϏձࣩ௷ଷя׌Ȅ࿌ดȂ्ؒަཽϏձقܛ ޠӓᡞఁ৲എ࢑ަཽϏձ஠ߞ޲ȂηϛϹᄃርȄԥٳ፟โᎍӬࣻᜱ஠ߞޠ ఁ৲໡௳Ȃ൸၏ဓ፝၏஠ߞޠఁ৲ӉఁȄԄ፝ަཽϏձՃ৲ఁަཽᏱȃަ ཽЗ౪ᏱȂϛԄ׳ަཽᏱ޲ٿఁٿூಓӬ஠ߞȄЇϟȂसҦަཽᏱ޲ٿఁ ަୣϏձȂఁяٿޠᏱҢѠ૗࡟ᔘަୣःفࠔϛޤԄեձަୣϏձȇԄҦ ঢ়৴ݾᕜᏱ޲ٿఁަཽყᡞϏձȂѠ૗ཽױყᡞϏձఁԚঢ়ఋݾᕜȇԄҦ ᒛ୧Ᏹ޲ٿఁަཽঐ਱ϏձȂ٦ቅᏱҢѠ૗ཽױ೏Ӷϛւӵ՞ίޠؒֆ޲ ࿌Ԛ࢑ߩע᜺ܓ਱лȄަཽϏձϟܛпԚ࣐஠ཿȂڐ፟โτۡ๙ᄈ࢑ަཽ ϏձਰЗᇅ஠ߞထಣ፟โޠȂη൸࢑ᇴަཽϏձ஠ཿఁيϛۤሇܿېଋ๞ ڐу஠ཿٿх࣐ఁᏳȄ

ΡȃقܛϸϏ

ҭࠊ୾ϲ 23 ঐަཽϏձᆉςੳȂѬԥ 9 ܛᆉςੳ፟โዂಣϾȄѯτȃ

ᓘۤпᄃࢋРݳϸಣȂڐᎸࠍпᄃࢋስ஀ϸಣȄԥ 4 ਯાΤަཽϏձᆔ౪Ȃ 3 ਯ஡ڌ่ᇅঢ়৴ӗΤȂ৲τпঢ়৴ᇅަཽϏձ࣐஠ߞስ஀ȄၗԄࠊख़Ȃ ֊ٻԥ፟โϸಣޠᏱਯȂητӼґ઎Ҕஉ՘஠ߞᇰᜍȇөقܛηءԥ׈ӓ ପӬ஠ߞስ஀೤დထಣ፟โȂл्঩ӱ࢑৲ၦୱᚡȄ п୾ϲޠ৲ၦጢښȂ्ቩђ৲ၦޠРݳ࢑ኅܤᏱҢȄկ࢑Ȃөਯְ ԥᏱҢᖃ໕ᆔښȂϛѠ૗Ӊཏቩ෶ᏱҢ኶ȄҭࠊၷѠ՘ޠ၍؛РݳϟΚ ࢑قܛ஠ߞስ஀ϸϏȂ഻ആ੬ՔȄ֐ࠍөਯ፟โৰϛӼȂᏱҢϬดཽп ΤᏱԚᕽାմᒶᐆقܛȂՅϛ࢑пقܛ፟โ੬Քٿ೤დ஠ཿҢీึ৥Ȅ Ԅݏөقܛ૗เђϸϏȂ੬ր࢑пୣ஀ձ࣐൑՞ϸϏȂіϜࠓөୣޠτ ᏱަཽϏձᏱقөՍึ৥ΚՎΡ஠ߞስ஀ȂپԄіୣѯτึ৥ަཽ՘࢈ ᇅ࢈๋ȃ࢈τึ৥Ճ΢݉ଡ଼ȃ৲τึ৥ঢ়৴݉ଡ଼ȃ໩݃ึ৥ᚃᕜྲ៬ȃ ѯіτึ৥ᚃᕜަϏȃݎ֕ึ৥З౪ፐҢȃᄃ፻ึ৥ڌ่ᆌւ๊Ȃดࡤ өقܛӕп৲ၦ೤ዂτϊ؛ۢ࢑֐Ӽึ৥ΚԪ्ስ஀Ȃ҇ดԥֆܼ୾ϲ ަཽϏձٗӪ஠ᆡϾȄ

ήȃ፟โᐍӬ

ज୾ަཽϏձఁيېসཽȞThe Council of Social Work Education, CSWEȟܼ 2001 ԒึոུޠަཽϏձᆉςȞMSWȟȲఁي࢈๋ᇅᇰѠዀྦȳ ȞEducation Policy and Accreditation Standards, EPASȟණяቩђኇܓޠ঩ ࠍȂп८ᄈࢆ᏾ᇅᐡཽȄུޠ፟โዀྦ஡፟โስ஀Ҧ 1992 Ԓޠ 9 ᜹२ུ ᘫ᜹࣐ 8 ᜹ȞWagner et al., 2001ȟȂԄࠊܛख़Ȅ

ڐϜᄈܼ፟โᐍӬණя೼ኻޠࡧՄȂпαख़ޠ 8 ᜹፟โȂձ࣐ஆᙄ Ȟfoundationȟ፟โȂໍՅึ৥я஠ߟȞconcentrationȟ፟โȄCSWE Ⴣᓿަ ཽϏձᏱଲ஡፟โስ஀๗ӬȂഇႇ፟โ๗ᄻ೪ॏණٽΚঐณ௦ᖂޠ፟โᙾ

ሡȄҼ֊ȂަཽϏձᆉςଌጜ҇໹Ᏹಭ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძȃަཽϏձᄃ ࢋРݳȃަཽᆌւ࢈๋ȃःفᇅᄃಭ๊ 5 ᜹፟Ԛ࣐ஆҰȄᗷดȂ፟โϲৡ ϸրೞఁᏳȂկ࢑ӶᄃࢋРݳ፟โϜ्ଇ፤΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძޠϲోȂ Ӷ࢈๋፟โଇ፤ःفޠ्҇ᇅኈ៫ȂӶᄃಭ፟โϜЖϮڐуስ஀ޠစᡜȄ ੬ր࢑΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძޠޤᜌ឵ܼஆᙄ፟โȂԄݏϛђпᐍӬໍΤڐ у፟โȂᏱҢ܂܂ณݳ஡΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძޠ౪፤ޤᜌᇅ஠ߟ፟โ๗ӬȄ ུޠަཽϏձᆉς፟โஆྦණٽΚᆎ፟โ഻ུޠᐡཽȂѠп஡ڎᆎп αޠஆᙄ፟โ๗ӬȂٻޤᜌȃ׭ѾᒋΤᄃଡ଼፟โϜȄپԄȂӶަୣϏձ፟ โϜȂᐍӬஆᙄޠ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძ౪፤ȃަཽϏձᄃࢋРݳȃަཽᆌ ւ࢈๋ึ৥ȂпІःفРݳໍΤަୣึ৥ϏձȄٯ஡೼ኻޠ፟โᇅަཽϏ ձᄃಭ๗ӬໍΤަୣึ৥ᐡᄻϜȄ೼ኻޠ፟โᐍӬԥւܼ෶Ў፟โ२ፓᇅ ੐ຳᏱϸܼϛ्҇ޠ஠ᆡ፟โαȄԄԫ஡ஆᙄ፟โᏳΤ஠ߞ፟โϜȂηԥ ւܼᏱҢ౪၍Ӷᄃଡ଼α҇໹ՄኍөᆎϲోȄՅӶஆᙄᇅ஠ߟ፟โϜҐٿ൸ ᔗ၏஡ቌঅᇅঘ౪ȃ΢᜹Ӽኻܓȃ೏Ӷॴᓏίޠ΢πထȂпІަཽҔဏા Τ࣐ਰЗл्ϰષȂณஸဋᅹȄ Ҧܼज୾ޠަཽϏձఁيпᆉςੳ࣐лΩȂᆉςҢϛΚۢሰ्ަཽϏ ձτᏱഌޠଌጜȂܛпڐᆉς፟โ೪ॏٯϛ๊Ӥܼשউޠᆉςੳ፟โ೤ დȄկ࢑Ȃ፟โᐍӬޠ྆܉ࠔ࢑ש୾τᏱഌȃᆉςੳަཽϏձ፟โഎѠп ୥ՄޠձݳȄڏᡞՅّȂԄݏڌ่ЎԒᇅঢ়৴ަཽϏձ࢑஠ߞዂಣ፟โȂ ӶτᏱഌՎЎ҇ሰঔಭ 7 ߟ፟Ȃܗ 20 Ᏹϸޠ၏ዂಣᒶঔ፟ȇӶᆉςੳՎ Ў्ঔಭ 3 ߟ፟Ȃܗ 9 Ᏹϸпαޠ၏ዂಣᒶঔ፟โȂϘᆘڏԥ೼ঐ஠ߞስ ஀Ȅ঒सؑΚߟ፟എѬఁᏳ၏ስ஀ޠᄃଡ଼ޤᜌȂஆᙄ፟โޠޤᜌϬดᇅᄃ ଡ଼ޤᜌϸᚕȇӕ޲ԥٳᒶঔ፟โӫᆏϛӤȂկᄃርαϲৡΚཽۢ२ፓȂԄ ڌ่ᆌւȃڌ่ަཽϏձȃڌ่ेࡠȃঢ়৴݉ଡ଼๊Ȃڌ่ᆌւ࢈๋ȃঢ়৴ ࢈๋ȂᏱਯަཽϏձȃЎԒ݉ଡ଼ȂԄݏ፟โϛᐍӬȂᏱҢΚཽۢӶϛӤ፟

โϜ२ፓᏱژಘ఼ޠޤᜌȂܗ࢑ณݳᐍӬ΢᜹՘࣐ᇅަཽᕘძޤᜌȃ࢈ ๋ȃަཽձРݳȃःف๊ໍΤ೼ٳ፟โϜȄЏڐ࢑שউԥτᏱഌȃᆉςੳ ፟โȂ፟โᐍӬӤਣѠ၍؛ࠊख़ޠ፟โୣႥϛ݃ᡘޠୱᚡᡲτᏱഌȃᆉς ੳȃീςੳޠ፟โቺԪϸ݃ȃඊזᅛໍȂഷࡤႁԚ౪፤ᇅᄃଡ଼ᒋཽೲ೾Ȃ ቌঅᇅ׭೛ᐍӬΚᡞȄ

ѳȃ৶༗Ҕဏ

ज୾ 2001 ԒޠަཽϏձᆉςུ፟โዀྦ஽።΢᜹ޠӼኻܓȃ೏Ӷॴᓏ Ϝޠ΢πထᇅަཽҔဏȄҼ֊Ȃ஽።НϾ૗ΩȞcultural competenceȟȂପ Ӭज୾ަཽϏձڟཽȞThe National Association of Social Workers, NASWȟ 2001 Ԓକ्ؒަཽϏձᄃଡ଼҇໹ಓӬНϾ૗ΩዀྦȞStandard for Cultural CompetenceȟԄίȈ ȞΚȟঘ౪ᇅቌঅȈަཽϏձ޲ᔗпಓӬቌঅȃঘ౪ȃ஠ཿዀྦٿஉ ՘ཿଡ଼Ȃйᇰޤژঐ΢ᇅ஠ཿቌঅѠ૗ཽᇅӼኻϾޠ਱лሰؒ ࣻፑऐȂܗ҇໹ࣻϤ።ڸȄ ȞΡȟՍញȈަཽϏձ޲ᔗึ৥ᄈঐ΢ᇅНϾቌঅᇅ߭܉ޠᕤ၍Ȃձ ࣐ᇰᜌ΢উҢࣁϜӼϰНϾᇰӤޠಒΚؐȄ ȞήȟၯНϾޤᜌȈަཽϏձ޲ᔗࡼ៊ӵึ৥੬ੇޠޤᜌᇅᕤ၍ԥ ᜱڐܛ݉ଡ଼ޠл्਱лထޠᐤѭȃ༉ಜȃቌঅȃঢ়৴ᡞقȂٯ ᛻೛ӵߓႁϟȄ ȞѳȟၯНϾ׭ѾȈަཽϏձ޲ᔗٻң٘пЇ࢏ڐϑᕤ၍НϾӶֆ΢ ႇโϜޠِՔޠᎍ࿌Рݳഋ৸ȃ׭Ѿᇅ׭೛Ȅ Ȟϥȟ݉ଡ଼ᒰଛȈަཽϏձ޲ᔗԥޤᜌӵᇅԥ׭Ѿӵၽңަୣᇅኅτ ަཽܛණٽޠ݉ଡ଼ȂՅ૗࣐Ӽኻܓޠ਱л୉яᎍ࿌ޠᙾϮ݉ଡ଼Ȅ

ڏᡞٿᇴȂ፟โ೪ॏ҇໹ાΤЇөᆎݣຝȂԄᆎఋȃጴՔȃНϾȃۡ ఁȃܓրȃܓ་Ӫȃٙᡞȃঢ়৴๗ᄻȃகࡆӵ՞ȃ໧઼ȃяҢ୾ঢ়ݣຝ๊Ȅ Ҽ֊஡စᔽদჵȃᔇय़ȃݣຝᄈ΢᜹ަཽȃަୣȃঢ়৴ȃঐ΢Ѡ૗ആԚޠ ࡤݏᇅЇᔇय़ᄃଡ଼ޠᐈձાΤ፟โȄ ަཽϏձԄݏႇ࡚஽።З౪ݾᕜȃᖞטᄃଡ଼Ȃ΢΢དྷ࿌ΚঐՍҦޠ໡ ཿަཽϏձ৲Ȃஉ՘࢈ۻېଋޠܗᚃଲᙾϮޠঢ়ኹȃܓ߮ড়ȃЗ౪ፐҢ௦ ਱ϏձȂስڦؑঐ਱پξϰޠൣႎȂՅѷџᄈަཽ๗ᄻϛϵᇅᔇय़ޠញ ޤȂ൸ཽဤΤ Specht ڸ CourtneyȞ1994ȟܛ״ຠޠȶަཽϏձ޲ܺతڐڟ ֆ೵ጐᇅೞᔇय़޲ޠӉଡ଼ȷȂԚ࣐Κ՞ȶϛ܇ᄃޠЉٻȷȞunfaithful angelȟȄ ܗ࢑Ԅ MullalyȞ1997ȟܛ״ցޠȶަཽϏձ޲ѷంܼӲᔗقಜޠަཽȃ ࢈ݾᇅစᔽୱᚡ࢑ആԚЯ᠍ȃ໧઼ȃᆎఋᔇय़ޠٿྜȄȷ ҭࠊ୾ϲԥഌϸقܛϑӶτᏱഌܗःفܛ໡௳ӼϰНϾ፟โȂηԥഌ ϸقܛ஡ӼϰНϾાΤᆉςੳထಣ፟โԄࡏऌτȃݎ֕ȂᜱϹ঩՟Җᇅུ ಌҖឋᚡȄկᄈܼԥᜱ೵ጐȃഽ୞໧઼ȃܓրȃܓ་ӪȃٙЗሬᛥȃӼϰ ঢ়৴๊፟ᚡࠍၷЎೞᜱϹȄ঒सަཽϏձ፟โ೪ॏ࢑ӶӲᔗަཽᡑ᎑ᇅሰ ؒȂ٦ቅ२ࢄަཽϏձᔗԥޠަཽҔဏቌঅ࢑୾ϲަཽϏձఁي҇໹८ᄈ ޠࢆ᏾ȂйԥܛӲᔗȄ

୥ՄНᝧ

ݔ࿳ቈȞ2000ȟȄȲש୾ަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւఁيޠึ৥ȳȄȮѯᢋަཽϏձᏱ ёȯȂ6Ȃ123-161Ȅ ݔ࿳ቈȞ2006ȟȄȮ࿌хަཽϏձȈ౪፤ᇅРݳȯȄѯіȈϥࠓਫ׌Ȅ ݔ࿳ቈȃ֗᝙ᓘȃ᎓ᝌࣣȞ1999ȟȄȮަཽϏձᇅަཽᆌւᏱऌ೤დःفൣ֚ȯȄ ୾ऌཽ஠ᚡॏฬԚݏൣ֚Ȅ ചᝌݡȞ2002ȟȄȮᇄᢋޠަཽϏձ૗ΩᇅަཽϏձఁيȯȄ୾ऌཽःفൣ֚Ȅ Baer, B. L. (1979). Development a new curriculum for social work education. In F.

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The Development of Social Work

Education in Taiwan: Issues of the

Post-professionalism

Wan-I Lin

*

Abstract

The article examines the development of social work education in Taiwan since the enactment of the Social Worker Act in 1997. The data indicates that the number of social work departments in Taiwan has doubled and the number of so-cial work students has increased by 150% between 1997 and 2010. Correspond-ingly, the number of social work faculty has doubled. However, the proportion of professional staff holding degree in social work/social welfare/social policy re-mains low. With regard to the curriculum, the national social worker certification exam is a major influence on the design of curriculum for social work programs. More social work programs provide concentrations by field of practice than previous- ly, but the minimum credit hour requirement for each concentration varies among institutions. In short, Taiwanese social work education today is short of professional faculty, effective curriculum mapping, clear-cut course concentrations, and distinction between undergraduate course levels. To improve the quality of social work edu-cation in Taiwan, the author proposes that the number of faculty with doctorate

*

degree in social work be increased, a professional division of labor between insti-tutions be formed, practice method and field of practice courses be integrated, and a foundation course in social and economic justice be provided.